Lecture Part I: ChristologyLecture Part I: Christology

Jintae Kim, PhD

Alliance Theological Seminary

Nyack, NY 10960

(845) 353-2020

E-mail: Jintae.kim@nyack.edu

Website: http://all4jesus.net

Trinitarian Unity in SalvationTrinitarian Unity in Salvation

Person Ministry

God the Father Creation and Providence ( 창 조와 섭리 )

God the Son Redemption

( 구속사역 )

God the Holy Spirit Application of the Redemptive Work ( 구속사역의 적용 )

Divine Self-consciousness of Divine Self-consciousness of JesusJesus

1. Problem: Not explicit or overt claim, but implicit Claims

2. The Son of man passages: The Son of man and his angels (Matt13:41); Authority to forgive sins (Mark 2:5-7); Final judge (Matt 25:31-33; 26:63-64); The Lord of Sabbath (Mark 2:27-28)

3. The Son of God passages (John 5:18, 21; 19:7; 20:31)

4. Unity with God (John 10:30; 14:9; 20:28-29

Other Evidences for JesusOther Evidences for Jesus’’ DeityDeity

1. John (1:1)

2. Hebrews (1:3, 8, 10; cf. Ps 45:6; 102:25-27)

3. Paul (Col 1:15-16; 2:9; 2 Tim 4:1; Phil 2:6)

4. The Term “Lord” (Acts 2:2-21; 2 Pet 3:15; cf. Matt 1:20; 9:38; 11:25; Acts 17:24; Rev 4:11)

5. Resurrection

Implication of the Deity of Implication of the Deity of Christ (Erickson, 213)Christ (Erickson, 213)

We can have a real knowledge of God.Redemption is available to us.God and humanity have been reunited.Worship of Christ is appropriate.

Biblical Evidence of Biblical Evidence of Humanity of ChristHumanity of Christ

1. Physical human nature (Luke 2:52; Matt 4:2; John 4:2, 6; 19:34). 인간의 육신 .

2. Psychological human nature (John 11:33-35; 13:23; 15:11; 17:13; Matt 26:37; Mark 3:5; 10:14; Luke 7:9; Mark 6:6; 15:34) 인

간의 정신 .

3 Views on the Meaning of Virgin 3 Views on the Meaning of Virgin Birth (Erickson, 228-30)Birth (Erickson, 228-30)

Approach from Content

Incarnation (성육신 )

Indispensable to the incarnation.

Redemption (구속사역 )

Indispensable to the sinlessness of Jesus.

Divinity of Christ ( 신성 )

Not necessary for Christ to be God, but it was necessary epistemologically in order for us to know that he is God.

3 Views on the Meaning of Virgin 3 Views on the Meaning of Virgin Birth (Erickson, 228-30)Birth (Erickson, 228-30)

Approach from Content

Incarnation (성육신 )

하나님이 친히 성육신하기 위해서는 필수조건이다 .

Redemption (구속사역 )

죄없는 희생물이 되기 위해서는 아담의 죄성을 타고 나지 않아야 한다 .

Divinity of Christ ( 신성 )

성육신이나 무죄하심과 상관 은 없으나 예수님의 신성을 더

깨닫게 한다 .

Implication of Humanity of Jesus Implication of Humanity of Jesus (Erickson, 231-32)(Erickson, 231-32)

1. The atoning death of Jesus can truly avail for us.

2. Jesus can truly sympathize with and intercede for us (Heb 4:15).

3. Jesus manifests the true nature of humanity.

4. Jesus can be our example.

5. Human nature is good.

6. God is not totally transcendent. He is not so far removed from the human race.

Biblical Evidence for the Unity Biblical Evidence for the Unity of the Person of Christof the Person of Christ

Category Content Scripture

Person Always refers to one entity

John 1:14; Gal 4:4; 1Tim 3:16

Ministry Of One Person

1John 2:1-2; 4:15; 5:5; Col 1:13; John 3:13; 6:62

Hypostatic UnionHypostatic Union The doctrine of the hypostatic union, first set forth

officially in the definition of faith produced by the Council of Chalcedon (451), concerns the union of the two natures of deity and humanity in the one hypostasis or person of Jesus Christ. In the incarnation of the Son of God, a human nature was inseparably united forever with the divine nature in the one person of Jesus Christ, yet with the two natures remaining distinct, wholly, and unchanged, without mixture or confusion so that the one person, Jesus Christ, is truly God and truly man.

Basic Tenets of the Doctrine of Basic Tenets of the Doctrine of Two Natures in One Person Two Natures in One Person

(Erickson, 237-40)(Erickson, 237-40)

1. The incarnation was more a gaining of human attributes than a giving up of divine attributes. 성육신시 예수님은 신성을 버리셨다기보다는 인성을 덧입으셨다 .

2. The union of the two natures meant that they did not function independently. 신성과 인성이 연합했다는 말은 두 가지 속성이 독립적으로 역사하지 않았다는 말이다 .

3. The humanity of Christ is a true humanity that we must have had. Christ is the true human, while we are of depraved human. 예수님의 인성은 아담이 타락하기 전의 온전한 인성이다 .

4. The incarnation was not an impossible task because it was initiated by God. 전능하신 하나님이시기에 성육신도 가능한 것이다 .

5. It is also helpful to think of Jesus as a very complex person. 예수님에 대해 너무 쉽게 이해하려 하지 마라 .

The Stages of ChristThe Stages of Christ’’s Works Work

1. Humiliation 낮아지심 : Incarnation (John 1:14; Phil 2:6-8; Gal 4:4) Death *Descent into Hades (Ps 16:10; Eph

4:8-10; 1Tim 3:16; 1Pet 3:18-19; 4:4-6)2. Exaltation 높아지심 : Resurrection Ascension and Session at the

Right Hand of the Father (John 6:62; 14:2; 16:5, 10, 28; 20:17; Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:6-11; Eph 1:20; 4:8-10; 1Tim 3:16; Heb 1:3; 4:14; 9:24)

Second Coming.

The Functions of Christ The Functions of Christ (Calvin)(Calvin)

1. The Revelatory (Prophetic) Role of Christ 하나님이 누구신지 우리에게 계시 (Matt 13:52; 21:11, 46; Luke 24:19; John 1:8; 6:14; 7:40; 14:9; Acts 3:22 ; cf. Deut 18:15).

2. The Kingly Role of Christ 왕으로 다스리심 (Heb 1:8; John 1:3; Col 1:17, 18; cf. Isa 9:7)

3. The Reconciling (Priestly) Work of Christ 하나님과의 관계를 회복시키시고 우리를 위해 중보하심 : Atonement and Intercession.

Views on the AtonementViews on the AtonementTheory Content

Socinian Theory Example – denied vicarious satisfaction (cf. 1Pet 2:21).

Moral Influence Theory

Demonstration of God’s Love – denied for necessity of atoning sacrifice – Peter Abelard; Horace Bushnell.

Governmental Theory

Demonstration of Divine Justice – Hugo Grotius.

Ransom Theory Victory over the Forces of Sin and Evil (1Cor 6:20; Matt 20;28) – Origen, Irenaeus, Gregory of Nissa, Augustine.

Satisfaction Theory

Compensation to the Father – Anselm

Background Factors of Background Factors of Atonement (Erickson, 257-58)Atonement (Erickson, 257-58)

1. Divine nature: Perfect and holy 완전하고 거룩2. Legal status: Sin Death 죄의 삯은 사망 Human condition: Total depravity or inability 인

간의 전적 타락3. Christ as God-man (Gal 4:4-5)

4. 예표 : The OT Sacrificial System (Lev 1:4; Isa 53:6) 구약의 제사제도 .

“Such passages as Hebrews 1:1-3; 2:9-18; 9:9-14; 22-28 teach very plainly that the efficacy of Christ’ work is contingent upon the unique constitution of Christ’ person…. It is this consideration that gives such strength to the necessity, spoken of in 9:23, to the effect that while the patterns of things in the heavenlies should be purified with the blood of goats and calves, the heavenly things themselves should be purified by the blood of none other than the Son.

In other words, there is stated to be a necessity that can be met by nothing less than the blood of Jesus. But the blood of Jesus is blood that has the requisite efficacy and virtue only by reason of the fact that he who is the Son, the effulgency of the Father’s glory and the express image of his substance, became himself also partaker of flesh and blood and thus was able by one sacrifice to perfect all those who are sanctified” (Murrary 1955: 14).

NT Teachings on AtonementNT Teachings on Atonement

Gospels (John 1:29; 3:17; Luke 22:37; Matt 16:21; 20:28)

Pauline (Rom 3:25; 5:9; Eph 1:7; Col 1:20)

Basic Meaning of Atonement Basic Meaning of Atonement (261-63)(261-63)

Meaning Explanation Scripture

Sacrifice Atoning sacrifice Heb 9:11-12, 28

Propitiation Appease the wrath of God- Angry God?

Rom 1:18; 4:15; 5:9; Eph 2:3-5; 1Thes 1:10

Substitution Christ died for our sins.

Gal 3:13; 1Pet 2:24; 1Tim 2:6; cf. Isa 53:6

Reconcilia-tion

Ended the enmity between God and man.

Rom 11:15; 3:25; 5:10-11

Basic Meaning of AtonementBasic Meaning of Atonement

Meaning Explanation Scripture

Sacrifice 속죄제물 Heb 9:11-12, 28

Propitiation 하나님의 진노를만족 - Angry God?

Rom 1:18; 4:15; 5:9; Eph 2:3-5; 1Thes 1:10

Substitution 대속 . 우리의 죄가 그리스도에게 전가

됨 .

Gal 3:13; 1Pet 2:24; 1Tim 2:6; cf. Isa 53:6

Reconcilia-tion

하나님과의 화목을 가져다 줌 .

Rom 11:15; 3:25; 5:10-11

Objections to the Penal Substitution Objections to the Penal Substitution Theory (Erickson, 263-64)Theory (Erickson, 263-64)

1. To the concept of the necessity of atonement: Why doesn’t God simply forgive man? 왜 성가시게 속

죄가 필요한가 ? 2. To the concept of substitution: Is it fair? 불공평하

지 않은가 ? 왜 죄없는 자가 죄인의 죄를 덮어쓰는가 ?

3. To the concept of propitiation: How can the loving God be angry? 사랑의 하나님과 진노의 하나님 ?

4. To the concept of imputation of Christ’s righteousness 그리스도의 의가 어떻게 우리에게

전가될 수 있는가 ? 말이 안된다 .

Implication of Substitutionary Implication of Substitutionary Atonement (Erickson, 264-65)Atonement (Erickson, 264-65)

1. It confirms the biblical teaching of the total depravity of all humans. 인간은 완전타락한 존재이므로 스스로 구원할 수 없다 .

2. God’s nature is not one-sided, nor is there any tension between its different aspects. He is not only righteous and holy, but also loving and merciful. 하나님은 의로우실 뿐 아니라 또한 사랑과 긍휼의 하나님이시다 . 이 두 성품간에 모순은 존재하지 않는다 .

3. There is no other way of salvation but by grace. 구원은 오직 은혜로만 받는다 .

4. There is security for the believer in one’s relationship to God. Christ’s sacrificial death is complete and permanent. 예수님의 대속은 완전할 뿐 아니라 변치 않기 때문에 믿는 자는 하나님과 온전한 관계를 확신할 수 있다 .

5. We must never take lightly the salvation we have. Although it is free, it is also costly. God sacrificed Himself. 구원은 거저 선물로 얻는 것이지만 이를 위해 하나님이 지불한 댓가는 성자 예수님이셨다 . 그러므로 우리는 이 구원을 경시할 수 없다 .