Preparedness for Natural

Disasters

Total Disaster Management

(TDM)

Pre disaster Management

Syn-disaster Management

Post disaster Management

Pre disaster phase

Risk identification

Mitigation

Risk transfer

Preparedness

Risk Identification

Hazard Assessment

(discussed already in previous lectures)

Vulnerability Assessment

(discussed already in previous lectures)

HAZARD ASSESSMENT

HAZARD ASSESSMENT& PROBABILITY-

Hazard wise

Frequency

Magnitude

Location

HISTORY OF DISASTER IN THE PAST

10 YEARS

Type of Hazard Year of Occurrence Effect

Drought 2004 Villages affected-61, Villages (crop

loss between 50%-74%-59, Crop

loss more than 75%-2)

Cyclone 2005 Villages affected -88, Population

affected-69,000,Crop area affected-

Boats-802, Nets-1371, Crop area

affected 3089 Hectares, Human life

lost-2, Houses collapsed-

SEASONALITY OF DISASTER

Type of Month of occurrence

hazard Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Flood

Cyclone

Drought

Earthquake

VULNERABILITY& RISK ASSESSMENT

Type of

hazard

Potential Impact Vulnerable Areas

Cyclone Loss of crop, infrastructure, human

and bovine (cattles ) life, livelihoods,

houses, Pvt & Public property etc

Coastal Areas,

Villages,

Habitations

Drought Loss of crop, livelihoods, scarcity of

food,fodder,water, etc

Villages,

Habitations

Mitigation

Physical/structural mitigation works

Land-use planning and building codes

Education, training and awareness about risks and prevention

MITIGATION PLAN

SECTOR WISE VULNERABILITY REDUCTION MEASURES

Type of

sectorSub Sector Mitigation

measures

Respo

nsible

dept

Time

frame

Responsi

ble

officer

Health 1.IEC

2.Vaccination

3.Training

1.Distribution of

leaflets, posters

wall painting,

2Procurement &

stock piling of

vaccines.

3Impart trg on

sanitation

practice, first Aid

to Staff,

Volunteers &

NGO

Health Normal

Period

Check

lists

Risk Transfer

Insurance (Individual, Family, Group) Insurance of public infrastructure and

private assets

Privatization of public services with safety regulation (energy, water and transportation)

Calamity Funds A) Calamity Relief Fund

75% central govt & 25% State govt

B) National Calamity Contingency Fund

Preparedness

Disaster preparedness defined as actions taken in advance of a disaster to ensure

adequate response to its impacts, and the

relief and recovery from its consequences is performed to eliminate the need for any last

minute actions.

Goals of disaster preparedness are knowing what to do in as disaster aftermath, knowing

how to do it, and being equipped with the

right tools to do it effectively.

Preparedness Actions and

Activities Preparedness actions and activities can be

divided to recipients.

Government Component

Administration

Emergency management

Public Health

Other services

Individual and Business is another Group

Follow instructions

Organize in time of emergency

Share the facilities etc.

Government Action

The diverse range of Government preparedness can be grouped into five

general categories:-

Planning

Exercise

Training

Equipment

Statutory Authority

Planning

The most comprehensive methodology used to plan against disaster is the

Emergency Operation Plan (EOP).

This plan can be scaled up or down depending upon the needs of the

community and the particular disaster,

and are able to accommodate the

complex and diverse needs of a full

range of disaster impact reduction

activities.

EOP

Main Contents of EOP are:-

Community facing risk

Agencies involved in response in hazard event

Responsibilities of agencies involved

How structure and community will be protected in emergency event

Catalogue the resources available within and outside the jurisdiction

EOP also referred as contingency plan, counter disaster plan, continuity of operation

plan, emergency response plan.

Who will Prepare EOP? EOPs are required at every level of

government, from local to national level. They

can be created for individual entities, such as

schools, hospitals, prisons, or utilities.

Plans can be integrated which improves thecoordination among agencies and

community.

EOP not only define what is done at eachorganizational level, but also address under

what circumstances each organizational level

interacts, and how they will do so.

Component of EOP

Hazard Risk Analysis (discussed)

It provide information hazard result and consequences, as we are preparing response

mechanism thus need to know the consequences

of previous hazard impact.

The basic plan

Functional annexes

The basic plan It is the main body of the document that

describe the emergency operations within the

community and country.

The main purpose is to introduce and describe various concepts and policies, clarify

individual and agency responsibilities, and

delineate authority.

Sections of basic plans

Introductory material

Purpose

Situation and assumption

Concept of operation

Organization and assignments of responsibilities

Administration and logistics section

Plan development and logistics

The basic plan (2)

Functional Annexes

EOP base plan also often supplemented by functional annexes that provide much more

highly detailed information about the

operational needs of specific response

mechanisms.

Annexes that may provide detail information for activities like

Notification and warning

Evacuation

Communication

Public works

Functional Annexes (2) Annexes that my provide detail information

for activities like

Public information

Fire suppression

Search and rescue

Emergency medical services and mass care

Mortuary services

Security and perimeter control

Inclusion of military resources

Transportation

Traffic control

Financial management

Volunteer management

Donations management

Exercise

Its purpose is to practice the roles and responsibilities before an actual event occur

for those, involved in disaster response.

This is not only help to ensure their efficiency during emergency situation but also help to

find the problems in plans while practicing in

non-emergency situation.

Type of Disaster Preparedness

Exercise

Drill

Tabletop Exercise

Functional Exercise

Full Scale Exercise

Training

Training is the component of government preparedness. Disaster

response officials are more effective if

they are trained to do their job.

First response officials like police, fire and emergency medical services are

likely to have some basic standard of

introductory training.

List of training Evacuation

Mass care

Mass fatalities management

Debris management

Flood fighting operations

Warning coordination

Spontaneous volunteer management

Weapons of mass destruction

Cyclonic storm response

Urban search and rescue

Crowd control

Response to terrorist attack

Example for Flood Hazard

Preparedness Setting of Control Room

Setting of Wireless Station

Constitution of Flood Zones

Deployment of Country Boats

Storage and Stock Piling of Emergency Relief

Identification of Weak and Vulnerable Points

Awareness Generation

Mock Drill

Selection of Flood type

Alternative Communication and Road Net Works

Transport

Liaison other departments

Provision of rescue kits

Arrangement of vehicle for relief and rescue operation

To watch and ward belongings of evacuees and maintenance of law and order

Post flood assessment Restoration of electrical installation Escort for supply of relief materials Opening of fair price shops Arrangement materials for temporary shelter Free Kitchen Food for Work programme Cattle camps Relief

Agriculture

Crop weather watch group formation

Functioning of control room

Receive information from the field and place before higher authority

Pre-positioning of seeds/pesticides

Public information centers

Irrigation Closure of past breaches in river and canal

embankments

Round the clock guarding of weak points

Gauge reading of different river points

Squad to watch and ward the weak points

Pre-positioning of sandbags and other equipments.

Preparation of list of weak and vulnerable points

Removal of obstruction from all the channels

Legal action against the obstructers

Keeping the drainage clear

Removal of old and dead trees before onset of monsoon in order to avoid road blockage during calamities

Evacuation

To warn people about the impending danger

To leave for safer places

Arrangement of boats/vehicles etc. for evacuation

Evacuate people of marooned (isloated) areas and administer emergent relief

Deployment of police for peace keeping while evacuation

Mobilize people to go to identified/safer shelters

Propositioning of food stuff and adequate drinking water at the

shelter places

Search & Rescue

Deployment of police/fire brigade for search and rescue

Transportation of the injured to the hospital

Pre-positioning of life saving drugs and medicines

Co-ordination with the PDMA/Civil Defense etc. for rescue operation

Medical Aid

Deployment of the staff in the cut-off areas with medicine Stock pilling of required medicines/ORS packets/Chlorine tablets Treatment of the wounded Transportation of the injured to hospitals Awareness messages to stop the outbreak of epidemics Disease surveillance and transmission of reports to the higher

authorities on a daily basis.

Vaccination Constitute mobile teams and visit the worst affected areas Dis-infection of water sources Identification of site operation camps To obtain/transmit information on natural calamities to field

functionaries

Advance inoculation programme in the flood prone areas Arrangement of fodder/medicines for the animals Vaccination Site operation camps Carcasses disposal