TM HIU K THUT LN MEN CH EN
NI DUNGDIN BIN V CNG NGH CH BIN TR PHN LOI CH THNG PHM MC CH CA
LN MEN C S L LUN CA QU TRNH LN MENCC YU T NH HNG TI QU TRNH LN
MEN
CC PHNG PHP LN MENNHNG BIN I XY RA TRONG QU TRNH LN MEN
DIN BIN V CNG NGH CH BIN TR T 2000 nm trc Cng nguyn, con ngi hi
l ch n sng; n khi tm c la th nu l ch ti ung; sau bit phi kh bo qun
tch tr. Th k th VIII, Trung Quc i ng hp hi l ch ti, gi nt, ri p
bnh. i Nam Tng, c ch xanh sao la, v l ch thnh si. i Thanh, i Minh
pht trin cng ngh ch bin hng lot danh ch vi hnh dng phong ph (); cht
lng a dng (ch en, ch xanh, long). Th k XIX XX, n , Srilanca pht
trin cng ngh ch en OTD v CTC. Tip sau cc nc cng nghip pht trin thc
y mnh cng ngh ch bin ch th gii ln mt bc pht trin mi, a dng v phong
ph().
PHN LOI CH THNG PHM CH EN: thuc loi ln men. Thng c chia lm hai
loi: ch truyn thng(OTD) v ch en mnh (CTC)
CH XANH, LC TR:thuc loi khng ln men. Gm: ch lc sao sut, ch xanh
sy kh bng hi nng, ch xanh phi nng, ch xanh hp, ch lc loi danh ch.
CH LONG: thuc loi ln men mt na gm 5 loi: thy tin, long, thit quan
m, sc chng, bao chng
PHN LOI CH THNG PHM CH TRNG HAY CH BCH:ch ln men nh Gm: bch ho
ngn trm, bch mu n, cng my, th my CH P HOA: hoa sen, nhi, bch lan,
qu, hng, vi CH P BNH:loi hc ch p gch, loi ch xanh p bnh, ch en p
bnh SN PHM MI:ch ha tan, ch ti, ch pha sn, ch v hoa qu,
S CNG NGH SN XUT CH ENNGUYN LIU
LM HO PH V T BO V TO HNH
LN MEN SY KH (dit men v lm kh) PHN LOI BO QUN
Ch en ctc v otd c sn xut tng t nhau, ch khc qu trnh ph v t bo v
nh hnh
MC CH CA LN MEN- To ra bin i sinh ha, ch yu l hp cht polyphenol
trong ch b oxi ha di tc dng ca enzyme polyphenoloxydase (PPO) v
peroxidase (PO) to cc hp cht hng, v, mu sc cho ch thnh phm.
C S L LUN CA QU TRNH LN MEN
- S tc dng ca men: + Peroxidaza oxi ha tanin ch su sc nht v s
dng lng tanin ln nht, to v c bit ca ch en. + Men poliphenoloxidaza
to nn mu ng l mu sc nc pha ca ch en.
C S L LUN CA QU TRNH LN MEN
- S t oxi ha ca tanin ch: trong thnhphn ca nguyn liu ch c mt loi
tanin c bit c kh nng t oxi ha, c bit trong dung dch nc. - Tc dng ca
nhit cao: lm gim thi gian ln men ch gi t 10 ngy xung 10 gi, lm thay
i mt s thnh phn ha hc to nn hin tng ng phn d th lm thay i cht lng
ca ch.
CC YU T NH HNG TI QU TRNH LN MEN
Nhit : nh hng n s xc tc ca men v tc cc phn ng ha hc, nhit thch
hp l 20-30oC m: thch hp 60-62% trnh ch b ho v cc phn ng ha hc b chm
li. Khng kh: cn phi cung cp mt lng ln trnh ch b hi, tt nht l 1,5kg
ch ti cn 28,32m3 khng kh.
CC YU T NH HNG TI QU TRNH LN MEN
Phng ln men: phng ln men phi c nh sng nhng khng nh nng chiu vo v
tia t ngoi s c ch hot ng ca cc enzym Kim tra giai on ln men: bng
phng php cm quan v bng phng php ha hc Theo di nhit ln men: Theo di
mu sc ch ln men: Theo di mi v ch sau ln men:
CC PHNG PHP LN MEN Ln men gin on (thc hin trong cc khay) Thi
gian ln men: 60-80 pht. Thi gian ln men vi OTD l 3- 4h, ch CTC l 2
- 2,5h. m khng kh: >85% Nhit phng ln men: 24-28oC dy trn khay:
5-7cm
CC PHNG PHP LN MEN Ln men lin tc (thc hin trong my dng bng ti).
Nhit ln men: 27-28oC. m khng kh: > 85% dy ca lp ch trn bng ti:
5-12cm
NHNG BIN I XY RA TRONG QU TRNH LN MEN* Bin i l hc: - L ch chuyn
mu v xon li. - Nhit khi ch tng, do cc phn ng oxi ha ta nhit v nhit
bt u gim khi qu trnh ln men kt thc * Bin i ha hc: - Cc cht ha tan:
Hm lng cht ho tan gim khong t 42,9% sau khi lm ho xung cn khong 31%
sau khi ln men. Tanin + Protein Hp cht khng tan.
NHNG BIN I XY RA TRONG QU TRNH LN MEN Bin i ha hc: - Tanin: Hm
lng tanin gim 50% so ban u trong l ch ti. To thnh cc sn phm mu, mi,
v c trng ca ch en, v mt phn nh tanin kt hp vi protein cht khng
tan.
S bin i ca tanin trong ln menCatechin O2 Men PPO
Octhoquynon
Ngng tKh (-H+) Diphenolquynon Oxi ha bc 2 (O2 & H2O& m)
Oxi ha (+ O2)
Bis Flavanol (khng mu, to v)
TeaFlavi (TF) (Mu vng, to v)
Dng khng tan + Protein trong b ch
Tearubigin (TR) mu
Dng ha tan (mui hoc axit)
Poliphenol + oxi octhoquynon ( khng mu c v cht) Octhoquynon
flavanol (mu vng nht, v cht) Bisflavanol (khng mu) Flavanol v
Bisflavanol Teaflavin(mu vng) Teaflavin Tearubigin (mu nu) Nu l ch
c mu nc tt:
TP 1 1 k TR 10 12
- Bin i protein: Protein phc tp khng tan Protein ha tan + aa Aa
+ Tanin Andehyt thm. Protein + Tanin Hp cht khng tan. - Cc cht khc:
+ Hm lng cc monosaccarit tng ln cn saccaroza gim xung. + Hm lng
pectin ha tan gim xung cn pectin khng tan tng ln. + Lng sinh t C
gim mnh: 226mg% ch ti 196,6mmg% ch ho 66,6mmg% ch sau ln men.
- Du thm v s to hng thm ca ch: Hm lng du thm thay i nhiu v t cc
i sau 3 n 4 gi ln men. Thnh phn du thm cng thay i to nn cht lng v
hng thm ca ch thng phm. Sau ln men, cc cht thm ch yu l: axit thm,
cc este, ru phenol, xeton,
