Changes in the Earth’s Surface

Lesson 1 – Part A

How Do Volcanoes and Earthquakes Change the

Earth?

A volcano is…• A special type of

mountain with an opening, or vent, as its top.

Magma is…Hot,

melted rock that is deep inside the earth.

To erupt means to BURST OUT!

Lava is…• Magma that

erupts out onto the earth’s surface

The fours steps of a volcanic eruption are:

• Magma rises from deep inside the earth. Gathers in the magma chamber.• Magma pushes through cracks in the earth.• Lava erupts from the volcano.• Lava builds up outside the volcano. It cools and hardens. A mountain forms.

Do you want to learn more?

Lesson 1 – Part B

How Do Volcanoes and Earthquakes Change the

Earth?

Volcanoes can change the earth’s surface quickly by growing taller and taller.

tallest mountain on Earth

The tallest volcano on Earth is Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The summit (or top) of Mauna Kea is 4,205 meters above sea level, but its true height is much larger. When measured from the sea floor, it is more than 9,000 meters tall, making it

the tallest mountain on earth

Islands form from volcanoes by…by…

• Reaching the surface of the water

An earthquake is…

• a shaking or sliding of parts of the earth's surface.

Earthquakes change the earth by…

• causing the land to move up, down, or sideways. .

San Francisco

Earthquake 1906

Earthquakes often happen during or before…

A VOLCANO ERUPTS!!

Volcanic eruption

seen from space!

Scientists study earthquakes and volcanoes by...

• using several different instruments to pick up very slight movements under the earth

A seismograph machinemeasures earthquakes

Some ways to stay safe during an earthquake are...

• 1. Duck, Cover, and Hold• 2. stay away from

windows, furniture, trees, signs, and electric wires.