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Lesson 7& 8 Twelve Angry Men

Lesson 7& 8 Twelve Angry Men

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Lesson 7& 8 Twelve Angry Men. I. Introduction to the Author. Reginald Rose. Reginald Rose was one of the outstanding television playwrights to emerge from the "Golden Age" of television drama anthology 文选 series. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Lesson 7& 8   Twelve Angry Men

Lesson 7& 8 Twelve Angry Men

Page 2: Lesson 7& 8   Twelve Angry Men

I. Introduction to the Author

•Reginald Rose

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• Reginald Rose was one of the outstanding television playwrights to emerge from the "Golden Age" of television drama anthology文选 series.

• Although most of Rose's fame derives from his teleplays for the live drama anthologies, he wrote a number of successful screen and stage plays, and went on to create and write scripts for The Defenders at CBS, as well as winning recognition for the revived CBS Playhouse in the late 1960s.

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• Rose's first teleplay to be broadcast was The Bus to Nowhere, which appeared on Studio One (CBS) in 1951. It was the 1954-55 season, however, that gave Rose his credentials 证书 as a top writer: that year has been referred to as "the Reginald Rose season" at Studio One. His contributions included the noted plays 12:32 a.m., An Almanac年鉴 of Liberty, Crime in the Streets, as well as the play that opened the season and became perhaps Rose's most well-known work, Twelve Angry Men. In addition to winning numerous awards and undergoing transformation into a feature film, Twelve Angry Men undoubtedly established Rose's reputation almost immediately as a major writer of drama for television.

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• The tension created by exhausting deliberations审议 within the confined closeness of the jury room in which Twelve Angry Men occurs is exemplary in this regard. Rose was responsible in part for the creation of this new approach. This realism that became known as the "slice of life" school of television drama was for a time the staple 主题 of the anthology shows and reshaped the look of both television and American cinema.

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Comments from the Author

• Twelve Angry Men is the only play I’ve written which has any relation at all to actual personal experience. A month or so before I began the play I sat on the jury of manslaughter case in New York’s General Sessions Court. This was my first experience on a jury, and it left quite an impression on me. The receipt of my jury notice activated many grumblings and mutterings, most of which began with lines like “eight million people in New York and they have to call me!” All the prospective jurors I met in the waiting room the first day I appeared had the same grim, horribly persecuted attitude.

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• But, strangely, the moment I walked into the courtroom to be empanelled and found myself facing a strange man whose fate was suddenly more or less in my hands, my entire attitude changed. I was hugely impressed with the almost frightening stillness of the courtroom, the impassive, mask-like face of the judge, the brisk, purposeful scurrying of the various officials in the room, and the absolute finality of the decision I and my fellow jurors would have to make at the end of the trial. I doubt whether I have ever been so impressed in my life with a role I had to play. And I suddenly became so earnest that, in thinking about it later, I probably was unbearable to the eleven other jurors.

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• It occurred to me during the trial that no one anywhere ever knows what goes on inside a jury room but the jurors, and I thought then that a play taking place entirely within a jury room might be an exciting and possibly moving experience for an audience.

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• Actually, the outline of Twelve Angry Men, which I began shortly after the trial ended, took longer to write than the script itself. The movements in the play were so intricate that I wanted to have theme down on paper to the last detail before I began the construction of the dialogue. I worked on the idea and outline for a week and was stunned by the time I was finished to discover that the outline was twenty-seven typewritten pages long. The average outline is perhaps five pages long, and many are as short as one or two pages. This detailed setting down of the moves of the play paid off, however. The script was written in five days and could have been done in four had I not written it approximately fifteen pages too long.

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• In writing Twelve Angry Men I attempted to blend four elements which I had seen at work in the jury room during my jury service. There elements are :

• a) the evidence as remembered and interpreted by each individual juror (the disparities here were incredible)

• b) the relationship of jury to furor in a life-and-death situation

• c) the emotional pattern of each individual juror and • d) physical problems such as the weather, the time, the unc

omfortable room, etc. All of these elements are of vital importance in any jury room, and all of them presented excellent dramatic possibilities.

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II. Background Knowledge

• 1. Useful Legal Terms

• 2. Jury Trial in the United States

• 3. Court System

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1.Useful Legal Terms

Group 1: judicial system 诉讼程序

judicial proceedings 刑事法庭

criminal law 民事法庭

civil law 刑法

criminal court 司法制度

civil court 民法

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Group 2:

the accused/ the defendant 辩护律师the accuser 法官the prosecutor 陪审团defense lawyer 证人judge 大陪审团attorney general 有前科的人jury 原告grand jury 被告witness 公诉人a ex-convict 首席检察官

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Group 3:

verdict 无罪sentence 判决有罪acquittal 陪审团的裁决 testify 法官的判决 testimony 上诉identify 驳回上诉cross-examination 作证convict 证言 appeal 法庭确认overrule 盘问sustain 辨认

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• 2. Jury Trial in the United States• The jury trial is an important component in the U.

S. judicial system. The jury consists of 12 jurors, selected at random, agreed on by the lawyers of the two sides, who will, after hearing all the evidenced and cross-examination and careful deliberation, give a verdict of guilty or not guilty. Today no jury would be made up entirely of men any more. Women now serve on juries as much as men.

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Jury• Jury: is a group of up to 12

people, called “Jurors”whose duty it is to listen to the evidence given in a court trial and decide whether the accused is guilty or not guilty. The decision is called a “verdict”. If the verdict is not guilty, the accused is set free or acquitted; if the verdict is guilty, the judge will give the sentence.

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• 3. Court System• ① The accused is deemed innocent until and un

less proved “ guilty” beyond a reasonable doubt.• ② In many jurisdictions, the majority of a jury i

s not sufficient to find a defendant guilty of a felony.

• ③ A trial does not aim at discovering who commit a particular crime, but rather the innocence or guilt of the accused.

• ④ The system is not infallible and can be quite precarious.

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A criminal court

• A criminal court is a court of law which hears cases brought by the state against a person or a corporation which has violated a criminal law enacted by the legislature.

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• If we want to discuss it first then vote, that’s one way or we can vote right now to see how we stand.

• Mean: One way for us to do is to discuss first then vote. The other way for us to do is to vote at once to find out the position of jurors whether we agree or not, or we need further discussion on this case.

Vote

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• A ballot(paper) is a system of voting or an occasion when you vote on a piece of paper on to write your decision.

• Eg. Representatives were elected by ballot.

• Eg. They decide to hold a ballot.

• Eg. Let’s put it to the ballot.

Ballot

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III. Pre-class Questions

• 1.What’s your first impression of American judicial system? Compared with Chinese one, can you list the advantages and disadvantages of American judicial system?

• 2. Why do you think the author gives “The Twelve Angry Men” as the title of the play?

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The Twelve Jurors:

A summary of the anonymous characters helps to flesh out their characters and backgrounds. The order in which each eventually decides to vote "not guilty" is given in brackets:

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Juror #1 : A high-school assistant head coach, doggedly concerned to keep the proceedings formal and maintain authority; easily frustrated and sensitive when someone objects to his control; inadequate for the job as foreman, not a natural leader and over-shadowed by Juror # 8's natural leadership [9]

Juror #2: A wimpy, balding bank clerk/teller, easily persuaded, meek/humble, hesitant, goes along with the majority, eagerly offers cough drops to other men during tense times of argument; better memory than # 4 about film title [6]

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 Juror #3: Runs a messenger service, a bullying, rude and husky man, extremely opinionated and biased/prejudiced, completely intolerant, forceful and loud-mouthed, temperamental and vengeful; estrangement from his own teenaged son causes him to be hateful and hostile toward all young people (and the defendant); arrogant, quick-angered, quick-to-convict, and defiant until the very end [12]

Juror #4: Well-educated, smug and conceited, well-dressed stockbroker, wealthy; studious, methodical, possesses an incredible recall and grasp of the facts of the case; commonsensical, dispassionate, cool-headed and rational, yet stuffy and prim; often displays a stern glare; treats the case like a puzzle to be deductively solved rather than as a case that may send the defendant to death; claims that he never sweats [10]

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Juror #5: Naive, insecure, frightened, reserved; has a slum-dwelling upbringing that the case resurrects in his mind; a guilty vote would distance him from his past; [3]

Juror #6: A typical "working man," dull-witted, experiences difficulty in making up his own mind, a follower; probably a manual laborer or painter; respectful of older juror and willing to back up his words with fists [4]

Juror #7: Clownish, impatient salesman (of marmalade the previous year), a flashy dresser, gum-chewing, baseball fan who wants to leave as soon as possible to attend evening game; uses baseball metaphors and references throughout all his statements (he tells the foreman to "stay in there and pitch"); lacks complete human concern for the defendant and for the immigrant juror; extroverted; votes with the majority [7]

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Juror #8: An architect, instigates/arouses a thoughtful reconsideration of the case against the accused; a liberal-minded, patient truth-and-justice seeker who uses soft-spoken, calm logical reasoning; balanced, decent, courageous, well-spoken and concerned; [1]

Juror #9: Eldest man in group, white-haired, thin, retiring; soft-spoken but perceptive, fair-minded; [2]

Juror #10: A garage owner, with anger, bitterness, racist bigotry; nasty, repellent, intolerant, segregates the world into 'us' and 'them'; [11]

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Juror #11: A watchmaker, speaks with a heavy accent, of German-European descent, a recent refugee and immigrant; expresses reverence and respect for American democracy, its system of justice, and the infallibility of the Law [5]

Juror #12: Well-dressed, smooth-talking business ad man with thick black glasses; superficial, easily-swayed, and easy-going; vacillating, lacks deep convictions or belief system; uses advertising talk at one point: "run this idea up the flagpole and see if anybody salutes it" [8]

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• an official decision made by a jury in a court of law about whether someone is guilty or not guilty

• of a crime• Foreman: OK,of course we know that we have a f

irst-degree murder charge here,And if we vote the accused guilty , we’ve got to send him to the chair……Ok eleven guilty, one not guilty

Verdict:

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Slum • What a terrible thing for

a man to believe all the guys who lived in a slum. No.10 thinks that once a person in slum is dishonest that means all the group people are dishonest, such kind of thought is unfair and unjust

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• (No.3) • Let’s take the old man who lived on the

second floor under the room where the murder took .

• Clue: loud noises “I’m going to kill you” in the upstairs apartment A second later, he heard a body falling.

• The old man’s guess: It sounded like a fight• The old man’s seeing: He saw the kid

running down the stair and out of the house

Eyewitness OneThe Old Man

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Eyewitness Two The Woman

• (No.10) • Here’s a woman who’s lyi

ng in bed. She can’t sleep. It’s hot..

• And right across the street, she sees the kid stick his knive into his father’s chest. Look, she has known the kid all his life. And she swore she saw him of it.

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Spot One• She looks out the window.

• (No.3)• They proved in court that

at night if you look through the windows of an el train when the lights are out, you can see what is happening on the other side.

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Spot Two

• Right across the street she sees the kid stick the knife into his father. She’s known all his life. His window is right across from hers, across the EL tracks. And she saw him do it.

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No. 5 Juror

• (No. 5)• Can I pass it ?• • Now listen, I have lived in

a slum all my life.I played in a backyard that was filled with garbage. Maybe you can smell it on me.

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No. 6 Juror

• (No. 5) • It is your turn.• Well, I don’t know. I started

to be convinced early on in the case. ..You see , I was looking for a motive. If I have a motive, you don’t have a case, right? Anyway...

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Boy’ s Background

• (No.8) I don’ t think it was a very strong movie. This boy has been hit so many times that violence is practically a normal state of affairs with him. I just can’s see two slaps in the face would have provoked him into committing murder.

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The boy

• (No.4) This boy--- Let’s say he’s the product of a slum and a broken home. We can’t help that. We’re not here to explain why slums make criminal.

• We are here to decide if he is innocent or guilty.

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Secret Written Ballot

• (No.8) I want to call for a vote. I want you 11 people to vote by secret written ballot. I will abstain .If there are 11 votes for guilty, I won’t stand alone.

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The knife• (No.8) I am just saying that it

is possible that the boy lost the knife, and somebody else killed his father with a similar knife.

• (No.4) Take a look at that knife. It is a very unusual knife. I have never seen one like it.

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The knife

• (No.3) OK, let’s get to the point. What about the switch blade they found in the old guy’s chest, the knife this fine boy admitted buying on the night of the killing . Let’s talk about it.

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No. 9 Juror

• (No.9)• He didn’t change his vote. I

did. This gentleman chose to stand alone against us. It takes a lot of courage to stand alone. He gambled for support. And I gave him.

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No.3 Juror

• (No.3)• Brother , you really are

something. You sat here and voted guilty like the rest us. And then some golden-preacher started to tear your poor heart out about a poor kid.

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No.4 Juror

• (No.4)• Now calm down. It doesn’t m

atter. He is very excited. Sit down.

• She said she saw the killing through the window of the moving el train.I don’t see how you can argue with that.

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No.8 Juror• (No.8)• An el takes a 6-cars el train 10 sec

onds to pass a given point. Now, has given point is the open window of the room where the killing took place. Now, has anyone here ever lived near an el track? I have. When The window is open and the train goes by, the noise is almost unbearable. You couldn’t hear yourself think.

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No.7 Juror

• (No.7)• Yes. Let’s vote. Maybe we can

all get out of here.

• Then how come you vote not guilty?

• Are you trying to tell us that he lied just so he could be important once?

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No.10 Juror

• (No.10)• That is the most fantastic

story I have heard. • How can you make up a thing

like that ?

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IV. Paraphrase

1. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary vote.(3)

I think it is a common practice to take a vote first to find out where we are before we start our discussion.

2. I just think we owe him a few words.(19)

I just think we have the need to at least talk a little bit before we send him to the electric chair.

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• 3. We’re not getting anywhere fighting.(38)• Fighting won’t bring us closer to an argument.•  • 4. Violence is practically a normal state of affai

rs with him. I just can’t see two slaps in the face would have provoked him into committing murder.(46)

Violence is so common in his life and he is quite used to it. I just don’t understand how two slaps in the face would have made him so angry as to commit murder.

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• 5. Now this is where the stories offered by the state and the boy begin to diverge slightly.(71)

• From this point on, what the boy said slightly conflicts with the prosecutor’s presentation of the case.

•  • 6. Lets see if the details bear him out.(33)• Let’s find out whether the detail of his descripti

on can support his statement.

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• 7. I’ve seen all kinds of dishonesty in my day, but this little display takes the cake.(43)

• I’ve seen all kinds of cheating, lying and other dirty tricks in my life, but this little demonstration is the worst I can imagine.

•  • 8. It’s always difficult to keep personal prejudice

out of a thing like this.(115)• It’s not an easy thing to make sure that our disc

ussion of the case is not affected by our personal prejudice.

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V. Language Points

• 1. Now you fellows can handle this any way you want.

• any way (both words stressed): by any method; in any manner

• anyway (stressed on the first syllable): in spite of that; in any case

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• 2.  preliminary• ①adj: happening before sth that is more important,

often in order to prepare for it; preparatory• --The Congress will start preliminary hearings so

on. (预备听政会 )• --Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds o

f the competition. (头几个回合 )• --May I make a few preliminary remarks before w

e start the interview. (开场白 )• ② noun: usually plural forms <preliminaries>• --without preliminaries (开门见山地 )

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• 3. kill

• kill

murder

manslaughter

drown

poison

suffocate

strangle

assassinate

massacre

slaughter

hang execute

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4. otherwise

①differently (adv.)

--You are presumed to be innocent until proved otherwise. (proved not to be)

--I was unable to attend the conference because I was otherwise engaged. (busy with something else)

②apart from that

--The soup was cold, but otherwise the meal was excellent.

③if not

--You’d better go now, otherwise you’ll miss the train.

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5. provoke

to make angry or bad-tempered, esp, by continually

annoying

--Her insensitive speech provoked an angry reaction.

--The students tried to provoke the teacher into losing her temper. (made her lose her temper by provoking her)

--His refusal to answer provoked me to shout at him.

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6.Words Comparison: sensible---sensitive

sensible: reasonable; showing good sense

--a sensible man

--She is very sensible of the trouble.

--It would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.

--It is very sensible of you to take his advice.

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sensitive:

①(~ + to) easily influence or changed by sth

• --sensitive to cold/heat• --a sensitive skin

②( ~ + about) have feelings that are easily hurt/offended

--Don’t mention that she’s put on weight, she’s very sensitive about it.

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7. …the knife this fine boy admitted buying on the night of the killing

• admit: confess ①admit (followed by gerund)

--Will you admit breaking the window? = Would you admit that you have broken the window?

②admit (followed by infinitive)

--We all admit him to be foolish.

--A fuel leak is now admitted to have been the cause of the trouble.

③others

--He admitted his guilt/crime.

--He admitted to the murder/shoplifting.

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• 8. You pulled a real bright trick.

• --Her tears were just a trick to deceive others.(诡计)

• --Our children used to play tricks on us. (捉弄)

• --card tricks (扑克牌魔术)• --magic tricks (魔术)• --Don’t play dirty tricks on me.(卑鄙手段)• --How’s trick? (colloq) (混得如何)

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9. We’ll stay here and talk it out.

talk it out: discuss it thoroughly until we reach a final decision.

Out: thoroughly, completely, so as to be finished

• 我们应该尽快地充分讨论这件事情。• We ought to talk to this matter as soon as possible.

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• 10. Now the boy probably is guilty.

• Comparison:• possible: that can exist, happen or be done.• probable: with all the evidence in its support or bei

ng so reasonable that one may think it is likely to occur; that has a good chance of being true or correct.

• --It’s possible that they will win, but judging by their recent performance it doesn’t seem very probable.

 

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• 11. in the first place

--If these programs make you so upset, why do you listen to them in the first place.

--It you don’t care about your children, why do you have them in the first place.

--You say that you just don’t like to talk. Then you shouldn’t have chosen language study as your career in the first place.

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12.When you want me to start, stamp your foot.

stamp (followed by adv or prep)

--He was stamping about in the snow trying to keep his feet warm.

--She stamped on the insects and killed it.

--She stamped upstairs.

--He was stamping around the room in a furious temper.

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13. You still think there’s room for reasonable doubt?

①reasonable doubt refers to the doubt that could arise in the mind of an ordinary impartial, honest, reasonable and cautious person with reference to an accused’s guilt. In criminal cases, a judicial finding of guilt, that is, a verdict of guilt, requires that evidence provided indicates beyond reasonable doubt, or to a moral certainty, that the defendant committed the crime

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Summary of the reasonable doubt in the play:

a: Juror No.2 ---- the downward angle of the stab wound.

First, the boy was shorter than his father. Second, anyone she was handy with the switch knife like the boy would use it underhand. The boy wouldn’t have stabbed down.

b: No.9 --- the eyesight of the old lady.

She had marks on the sides of her nose which could only be made by eyeglasses. As no one wears glasses in bed, she couldn’t have identified a person 60 feet away at night without wearing glasses

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c: If the boy had killed his father he wouldn’t have gone back three hours later to get his knife. And he couldn’t have run out in a state of panic because then he would have had to be calm enough to wipe off his fingerprints.

d: The fact that the boy couldn’t remember the names of the movies he said he saw on the night of the murder couldn’t be used as evidence against the boy because when No.8 asked No.4 the names of the two movies he had seen only a couple of days before, he coulnd’t answer accurately.

•  

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• 14. So I guess I’ll have to break the tie.

• break the tie: put an end to the situation in which those who vote yes and those who vote no are even in number.

• tie: (the result of) a game, election, etc., in which each competitor gains an exactly equal number of points, votes, etc

• --The election/game ended in a tie.

We tied our opposing team.• 我们和对方 (球 )队打成平局

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15. We are just gambling on probabilities.

• gamble: to risk (money, property, etc) on the result of something uncertain

• The usage of gamble, pay attention to the prepositions.

--gamble at poker/cards

--gamble on horses (horse races)

--gamble in the stock exchange

--He gambled away the fortune his grandmother left him.

--He’s gambling with his passengers’ lives, driving as fast

as that.

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About the Exercises (for L7)

• Word formation • 1). Prefix: “in-”• ①不、无、非: incorrect, incapable, infor

mal• ②内、入: inside, inland, inject • ③加强意义,或表示“使…”、“作…”:• inspirit(使振作精神) , intone(发音,吟诵) , inflame(燃烧)

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2). Suffix:

• “① -fy”: [动词后缀 ] 表示“…化”、“使成为…”、“变成…”、“做…”

• simplify, ladify(使成为贵妇人 ), satisfy• “ ② -ise,-ize”: [动词后缀 ] “-ise”同“ -ize”。许多词具有 -ise与 -ize两种后缀形式

• memorise = memorize criticise = criticize advertise = advertize civillise = civillize

• diplomatise = diplomatize fertilise = fertilize authorise = authorize humanise = humanize

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• “-ize” 表示“…化”、照…样子做、按…方式处理,变成…状态、使…成为,与 -ization 相对应 : modernize, realize, economize, centralize, popularize (使普及,推广 ), organize

• “③ -hood” [名词后缀 ] 构成抽象名词,表示时期、情况、性质、身份、资格等

• Childhood, likelihood, boyhood, doghood 狗性• .

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• 3) compound word: n.+v.+er = n. store-keeper, shoe-maker; laugh-maker

• 4) Conversion: ( involving the shift of the stress )

• ‘record n. re’cord v

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10) Translate: A

• a) I owe you 20 yuan.

• b) I feel I owe you an apology.

• e) He often helps me with my lessons.

• g) These measures will help to raise the people’s living standard.

• j) I really hate to disturb him, but I can’t help it .

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• k) – Shall I help you to some of this fish?• – No, thanks. I’ll help myself. I can reach it.• m) How come she became a teacher? I remember s

he had always wanted to be a diplomat.• n) By and by, I came to realize that there are thing

s much more important than money in the world.

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• o) I’ve never come across the word before.• r) I don’t believe this exchange rate will come do

wn.• t) She came up with a good idea at the meeting.• u) This plan came up against a strong opposition.• B a) They were charged with bank robbery.• b) It’s up to you whether you stay or leave.

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• d) He reached for a book.• f) The skyscrapers reach toward the sky.• i) Parents should concern themselves with t

heir children’s habit forming. • l) They have cross-examined everyone conc

erned.• o) He’s simply playing a political trick. He

can’t fool anyone.

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Analysis for L8

• This kid yelled it out at the top of his lungs. (P267: No.3)

• Meaning: Thd kid shouted (said it loudly) at the top of his voice.

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• He’s much too bright for that. (P267: No.8)• Meaning: The boy’s too clever and too experience

d to do a thing like that. • Does No.8 really think the kid was bright? Why d

oes he say that then? • No.8 is actually referrring to the earlier remark tha

t the boy was so experience that he did not forget to wipe off the fingerprints. If that were the case, how could he yell that out at the top of his voice?

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• How could he be positve about anything? (He tries to cover his blunder … ) (P270: No.3.2)

• What was the blunder he wanted to cover?• No.3 suddenly realized that he was contradicting h

imself. If the old man could not be positive about anything, how could he take the old man’s testimony as strong evidence?

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• I’ve seen all kinds of dishonesties in my day, but this is little display takes the cake. (P271: No.3.2)

• Meaning: I’ve encountered various kinds of dishonest acts and lies in my life but what No.8 has just demostrated is the worst I’ve ever come across.

• Take the cake v. 得奖 , 成为最佳者 , (讽 )坏到极点

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• … it starts to get through to some of these old ladies (P272: No.3.2)

• To get through to – to (cause to) be understood or accepted

• No.3 is referring to those jurors who changed their votes from guilty to not guilty. He thinks that they are so soft-hearted, easily influnced by others, so he calls them “old ladies”.

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• You have been acting like a self-appointed public avenger (P272: No.8.3)

• Self-appointed – declared to be so by oneself, but not so appointed by others.

• Public avenger – a person acting in the official capacity of inflicting just punishment on wrong doers.

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• – Phew, I’ll kill him! I’ll him! • –You don’t really mean you’d kill me, do you? (P272: No.

8.4)• Why does No.8 make such a remark? Does it mean that No.

8 is not sure whether No.3 will kill him? • No.8 knows very well that No.3 will not kill him. He says

so because at the beginning of this text, he points out that when one says ‘I’ll kill you’, it doesn’t necessarily mean he’s really going to kill someone. Here he wants to use this example to show his argument is valid.

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• You still don’t think there’s room for reasonable doubt? (P273: No.11)

• Room for -- reason for • Reasonable doubt – the doubt that could arise in the min

d of an ordinary, impartial, honest,• reasonable and cautious person with reference to an accu

sed’s guilt. In criminal cases, a judicial findings of guilt, that is a verdict of guilt, requires that the evidence provided indicates beyond reasonable doubt, or to a moral certainty, that the defendant committed the crime.

• You still don’t feel that the evidence provided is not convincing enough?

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• He comes here running for his life. Now, .. he’s telling us how to run the show. (P273: No.7)

• to run for one’s life -- to leave, escape quickly because one’s life is in danger.

• To run (the show) – to manager things (to handle a case for instance)

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• Why does No.7 make these remarks?• He is annoyed because No. 11 asked him if he real

ly understood the term “reasonable doubt”. He resents such a remark, especially as it comes from a recent new immigrant. He therefore wants to tell No.11 that he should know his place and should not attempt to tell the real Americans like him what to do and what not to do. This reveals his bias against immigrants.

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• Switch blades came with the neighbourhood where I lived . (P275: No.5)

• Many people in my neighbourhood had used switch knives. / It was very common for people in my neighbourhood to use switch knives.

• To come (go) with the territory – (slang) to be an integral part of some occupation or status, esp. a part which is not especially delightful.

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About the Exercises for L8

• Word formation:

• 1). Prefix: “fore-” 前,先,预先• Forearm, foreknow, forehead, foretell

• 2). Prefix: “sur-” 上,外,超• surface, surcoat, surpass

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• 3). Suffix: “-th” [名词后缀 ]

• 构成抽象名词,表示行为、性质、状态、情况

• Warmth, length, growth, stealth

• Note: 加在基数词之后,表示“第…”,兼表“…分之一”

• Fourth, sixth, seventh

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• 4). Suffix: “-ence” [名词后缀 ]

• 与形容词后缀 -ent相对应(如 difference – different) , 表示性质、状态、行为,义同 -ency.有些词具有 -ence和 -ency两种后缀形式( innocence = innocency)

• Exsitence, excellence, confidence

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Translate: A

• a) We must try our best to fulfil the tasks set forth in the contract.

• b) This is our government’s set policy. We will not change it (without a good reason).

• d) She set about making tea for us as soon as we arrived.

• e) We have to set some money aside for future use.

• f) In the preface, the author set forth his reasons for writing this book.

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• h) We asked him to set a date for signing the contract.

• k) They had to make a forced landing as they had run out of fuel.

• l) A few days ago (The other day), I ran into an old friend of mine whom I had not seen for 20 years.

• m) He’s decided not to run for reelection any more.

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• o) This well has run dry.• p) That satellite is still running smoothly.• B a) Many young people are in favor of mor

e freedom in the choice of their jobs.• b) I’m sick of cabbage. We have been eatin

g it for lunch the whole week. • c) The fact that she was the wife of the man

ager did not entitle her to this privilege.

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• e) The child is sick of being kicked around and is determined to protest.

• h) When his father entered the room, he pretended to be asleep.

• j) Let us assume that he was indeed the murder. But what was his motive?

• n) It wasa nasty fall. I suspected then that a bone was broken somewhere.