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Introduction Letter (advice) written by Hazrat Umar (RA) to Abu Musa Ashari (RA), governor of Kufa It contained the golden principles of quick justice without fear or favor
Citation preview
1
Letter of Hazrat Umer
RA ABOUT JUSTICE
2Introduction
Letter (advice) written by Hazrat Umar (RA) to Abu Musa Ashari (RA), governor of Kufa
It contained the golden principles of quick justice without fear or favor
31. Selecting the Judge
The duty of adjudication is a well-established and consistent practice in Islam that has been followed throughout the ages;
Therefore, try your best to understand with depth and wisdom whenever you are appointed as judge, on the basis of evidence and proof, and enforce the right, if it is established, because it is useless to talk about a right which is not enforceable.
42. Justice in all form
And make sure that you do full justice between the litigant parties, not only through your judgments, but also through your facial expressions and body language, so that an influential man never hopes for any kind of injustice from you, nor a powerless person need question you fairness, nor an enfeebled one gets hopeless about your justice
53. Burdon of proof /Evidence
Remember that the burden of proof is always on the plaintiff and the complainant and the obligation of oath is upon the defendant and the respondent
64. Principle of Reconciliation
Reconciliation is allowed between Muslims,
Conditionprovided it does not permit what is
prohibited or prohibits what is permissible
75. Law of Estopple
Your earlier judgment should not deter you from reviewing it if you are guided to the right path by your senses and reason, because truth is eternal and it can never be abolished
And to revise decisions for the sake of upholding the truth is far better than persisting in something that is null and void (not correct)
86. Perceptive and Judicious
And you must be perceptive and judicious regarding whatever comes to your mind which is not revealed in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah
Then search for earlier, similar examples from the Quran and Sunnah
97. Judgment on the principle of Quran and Sunnah
And compare your unprecedented thoughts and ideas with what you have discovered and then base your judgment upon what is closest to the guidance of the Almighty and nearest to the truth
108. Timely Justice
And set a deadline for a complainant who is asking for a right and accept his claim if he/she manages to produce evidence
This will leave no room for any excuse
119. Qualification of Witness
Muslims are equal before you as witnesses unless someone is convicted in a Hadd (adultery) case or proved guilty of fake testimony or is seen as serving the personal interest of a friend or relative
Almighty Allah takes responsibility of secrets and will relieve you of your responsibility if you decide a case on the basis of evidence and proof
Whoever presents himself falsely to others, pretending to be what he is not in Divine knowledge, then Allah will surely disgrace and dishonor him, because Allah never accepts any act from His servants except that which is done purely for Him
1210 Calmness in administering the justice
And beware of showing anger, getting annoyed and upset, hurting people and shying away from deciding a case
Do not forget that adjudication with justice and truth will entitle you to some great reward from the Almighty in this world and the hereafter
13Analysis
Hazrat Umar (RA) took extreme care in the selection of judges and those chosen were of the best character and most knowledgeable
He also organized tests for them Even though judges were appointed by the governors in their
respective domains, Hazrat Umar (RA) still used to personally meet them and approve their appointments on the basis of their knowledge and experience
Besides, he also personally appeared before judges many times in disputes, in order to ascertain their competence and neutrality
14Conclusion
1. Old Qazi system cannot be enforced in toto2. We can definitely adjust our judicial system to encompass the
spirit of that golden age3. Our current system is a legacy of the British
1. On April 12, 1936, Quaid-e-Azam said that the 1935 Act was worse than the Versailles Treaty, which had turned Germany into a subordinate state (resulting in the Second World War and the deaths of almost 55 million people)
2. In his letter dated May 28, 1937, to the Quaid-e-Azam, Allama Iqbal had also criticised the 1935 Act
15Letter to Nile
Christians used to follow a savage practice. They used to hold a big festival in the early summer each year. This was a day of general merrymaking
The day was also marred with human sacrifice A beautiful maiden, dressed as a bride, was
thrown into the Nile. People thought that the sacrifice was necessary to please the Nile, and get a big flood of water for their parched fields
If the Nile got displeased, they thought, there would be no flood and hence no crops
16Letter
"From the servant of Allah (Subhaanahu Wa Ta'ala) and Commander of the Muslims to the River of the Nile of Egypt. O Nile, if you flow of your own will, then do not flow. But if your flow is controlled by Allah, the Almighty, we pray to
Him to keep you flowing."
17Cont…
1. This letter was thrown into the river, as directed by Hazrat Umar Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anhu
2. The river overflowed its banks that year3. The country was once again green with crops.
The peasants were happy4. The savage practice of human sacrifice came to
an end forever
18
On conquest of Egypt
UMER BIN AL-AAS
19Key Points
Dash out enemies Take interest in the affairs of public Do utmost efforts to dispense justice Forgive mistakes of peoples Keep record of tax collection Government is temporary, only good and bad repute shall last or ever
20Principles of Public Administration elaborated
No undue taxes be levied Farmers/produces be dealt with polite manner Ruler are responsible for the welfare of public Dispensation of justice should not be compromised Fear of Allah is a key to success
21Letter to Hazrat Abu Ubida Bin Jarrah on Conquest of Damascus
By no way Islamic teaching be violated Keep your self calm on victory and euphoria Pay tribute to God over victory
22To Abu Ubida Bin Jarrah and Mudah Bin Jabal
After Demise of First caliph Both the general was busy in concurring Syria
23To Abu Ubida Bin Jarrah and Mudah Bin Jabal
24For Public Admin in Islam
Dispensation of Justice to public, as foremost responsibility of Civil Servant
Ruler should be God fearing Ruler/Civil Servant shall be accountable to Allah on Day of
Judgment Ruler/Civil Servant should avoid flatterer/ hypocrates Ruler/Civil Servant should allow criticism and seek able advice
25
State to protect Non Muslims from atrocities of Majority Government/Civil Servant should fulfill the promises Power /Authority/Rule is a trust from Allah Civil Servant/Ruler should be God Fearing
26
Apprisal Public if satisfied is; satisfaction of God
27About Qualification of Civil Servant
28About Service Delivery and Justice