x

y

z

3

3-1 3 38 m/s (reflection) (refraction) (diffraction) (interference) (polarization) (Young) (Huygens) (Fresnel) (photon) 1 hf h (plancks constant) 6.63 3-34 Js f (ray) (wavefront) (Huygens principle) (secondary wave) 3-1 () ()

3-2 o}or r non ooo o

ono oo }no

.

o } o n1. o o(o)n

2. no n

3.1 on

nn()oo no(o)ooo (normal line) oo o

oooo nonoo non o}n

3.2

}o

- 2

3-2-1

}

3-3 n}

3-3

//tantan

sh

sh TT

o /ss =

1. A ooo

2. B oo

3. noo P/

3-4

n

3-4 ri o /DD

/

//tantan

sy

sy DD

//

sy

sy

/ss o yy /

=

(magnification) = 1//

yy

ssm

3-4

- 3

3 -2-2 nono

3-5 oo

3-5 H/2s = bc/s o2Hbc

cd = H bc ab cd = H H/2 h/2 = (H-h) = n

n n = no

3-2-3 rno

3-6 } T

r } T

)( TET ii

TET ii

ET 2TE 2 = 2n

o = 2 n

2 n

2 n T

- oonoo - n

3-2-4

- 4

3-7 o 2 - o 2

1360 T

$

n n }

o T = 0 non (v)ono{ n 3.4 o{} 4

3-2-5

o v

o on v = v;

o v

o o} 2 n v = 2v

3-2-6 o o 2 onoo oro o

o 3.42

3-8 no

- 5

oono C r}roo R no on C n V }ono oooo}ono

ooo o nononno n (focus ; F)

F } n 3-9 o f R oo o

2Rf

3-9 , ono oo

o 1. nooo

2. oo oon

3. oo 1 2 }nnooo

3-10 onn P/oo nn

- 6

3-10 n P o

BPC BP/Co n i DT

)( DTTTTJ iron TJD 2 ( 3-1) ABP , ABC ABP/

oxs

h

Dtan ,xR

h

Ttan ,xs

h

/tan J

oo x nor rn on n

sh D ,

Rh T , /s

h J n ( 3-1 )

oRss211

/

n2Rf o

fss111

/ //

ssssf

oooon n()oonn 3-11 VPQ VP/Q/

i = r , tan.i = tan r

/

/

sy

sy

yy

ssm

//

3-11 o

( 3-2)

( 3-3)

- 7

n o nn o o nn nnnn

r C r}roo R no on C n V }onooooo}on

3-12 n 3-13

rono 3-13 on ono }

nn oo

o 1. oo oonoon

2. nrooo

3. oo 1 2 }no nn on 3-14

3-14 n

- 8

no

fss111

/ //

ssssf

f

fsfs

fyy

ssm

///

S = o + no o n . f = o + }o o } o

O = , I = no no

- 9

5.3 (refraction of light)

nn n

3-15 nnn nn

3-15 o no

n oo o ( 1T )n ( 2T ) 3-15

o nno o o( 1T ) on ( 2T ) 3-15

5-3-1r (Snell , s law)

3-16 1 2

r (Snell , s law) nnn nnnr 1( 1sinT ) nnr 2( 2sinT ) n nn 2 1

)( 21 n

- 10

}2

1

1

221 sin

sinTT

nnn

2 1 o

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

221 sin

sinOO

TT

vv

nnn

1n 1 2n 2 21n 2 1 1v 1 n} /2v 2 n} /1O 1 n} 2O 2 n}

nn (c = 3x108 m/s) n v

o 12n 1 2 n 0.1

2

1

1

21221

nn

nnnxn

- 11

( 3-5)

( 3-4)

5-3-2 ono

on o on 90q nn (critical angle ; cT )

onnn noo rn o 3-17

3-17 o

ron1

2sinnn

c T

1

21sinnn

cT

2 } n2 = n = 1.0 1 } nn 1

1() n

nc1sin 1T

n o AC oo AB n 1.3 ooo AB = 3x108 m/s

- 12

3 -1

o

$601 cTT

$902 T , n2 = n=1.3 , n1 = n= ? ,v1 = v=?

1

2sinnn

c T ,1

3.160sinn

$

323.1

1xn

1

1 vcn n

323.1

1

xvc

36.2103

1

8

vx

smxv /102 81

(mirage) ro nn nn o o no} }ooj ooo oonnoj non n }o

}r nnoj nn

- 13

3-17 (Mirage) " " 7 57 (: http://www.manager.co.th/Around/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000064511)

5-3-3 n

onn}

- 14

non

- 15

5-3-4 nnon A

D 3-18

rnnon 3-18o

n=2

22 sin

sinA

DA

n

3-18 n

r 3.52 o A } D } xyz' , xyzyxzD

)()( ririD

riD 22 ..(1) wxy' , $180 xywyxwA

$$$ 180)90()90( rrA

A = 2r ..(2) (1) (2) D = 2i A

2DAi

(2) 2Ar

r ri

nn

sinsin

1

2

2

212 sinsin

A

DA

nn

1 n1 = 1 o

2

22 sin

sinA

DA

n

- 16

5-3-5 rro (1) n r

C1 C2 }roro }onro F }r orr O }n nr f }rr

3-19 nr

orn onr r

r() o1. o nr on F

r nnr nron F 2. nrr nr o

3 n F/nr oor

3-20 r

rn rn nrrnn nrn

- 17

3-21r

3.58 o QO = S } , Q/O = S/ } , OF = f }

'POQ 'P/Q/O }o

o //

sy

sy (1)

'ROF 'P/Q/ F }o

ofs

yfy

/

/

(2)

(1)/(2)s

fssf

cc

fss/ ssf c

111

(1) yy

ssm

c

c

r + + -

- 18

( 3-6)

( 3-7)

(2) nrooro 3-22 C1 C2 }ro

ror (C1C2) }onror

3-22 nronro

F }o }nr ro} }nro nro no

3-2 10 cm 30 cm 6 cm

1

+

1

=

1

1

30+

1

=1

10

= 15

6 cm 1

6+

1

1

10=

= 15

30 cm

3-23 n ro 3-24 ro

rn rn nrrnn nrn 3-23

ossf c

111

yy

ssm

c

c

ro - -

- 19

rrn (focal; length) ro() o1. o r o

nnoorn2. nrr nn

nron n no 3-23

nr nn 3-24

( 3-8)

( 3-9)

3-3 1.4 cm 15 cm 20 cm

1

+

1

=

1

1

15+

1

= 15 cm 1

20

= 8.57

=8.57

15=

0.57=

y' = 0.57 x 1.4 = = 0.8

rro

O I

nor oo noor noo

n rro

fss111

/ //

ssssf

f

fsfs

fyy

ssm

///

f = , S = , S/ = , m = ,

- 20

= y/ = S .o + , o S/ , y/ m o + , S/ , y/ m o

y

nr (r)

3-25 r

S } S/ } R1 R2 }or n }

r o )11)(1(1121

/ RRn

ss

)11)(1(1

21 RRn

f ()nr

onn orfss111

/

- 21

( 3-10)

1f

f

(diopter)

2 16 cm 24 cm 1.6 32 cm 48 cm 1.48

1f , 2f

1

1 1 11.6 1

16 24( )[ ]

f

1 16f cm

2

1 1 11.48 1

32 48( )[ ]

f

2 40f cm

F

1 2

1 1 1

F f f

1 116 40

26.67F cm 0.2667 m

1F

1

0.2667 3.75 diopter

3-4

- 21

5-3-6nn (nr)

r 3-26 .ron 3-26 .

. .

.

3-26

..

3-26 nn

- 22

6. r6.1 n(magnifying glass) }r ooon

onr n}nnn 25 cm (nnn)

o

ff

ffsm 25

/

)251(f

m

3-27

D=25cm

6-2 r (slide projector) n

3-28

- } nnno}or

- o ooo}- r(condensing lens : C1C2 ) }r 2 oo oonr}o

- r }roo

o (r)nn F 2F r(r) o nr

- 23

6-3 on (photographic camera)

3-29 nonnn

- o o}ojonooo o}ono

- r ood r- }nno on

d r on f number nnoonrndr

- r }ddoo }no n roono

d rn}on nr (Siler Bromind) nn d roooo ond ronoo

onor

ssf c 111

yy

ssm

c

c

rnn-rroo o f }roo

D }onrroor =

fD , n r =

Df

o n rooono rn

- 24

onrn o

onr3-30

non nr o1. nnd r

(retina)

2. ron r 3. o f-number

n(iris) onroo-o f-number o-no f-number

6-4 or (microscope) }ro on or 2 3-32

3-32 or

rn onr o (fo) nrn onr o (fE) r oonn o I1 nnnr o}

- 25

or onnr oon I2}

ornnr or o

o Mo }r o ME }r oor = Mo + MEor }nror o n

nr

o So/ }r o SE }r oor = So/ + SE

6-5 or onon oror 2 r o r oo o ornn n nr o I1 o}or o oor} 3-33 ooo}oor( L3 ) n I1 r o 3-33

3-33 nor

- 26

oor3-34

or nr or o

o fo }r o fE }r oor = fo + foor nnnr

or o

or =E

o

ff

6-6 r

3-35 r 2

nr 1 (L1) , = 1s , = /1s , = f1

1/11

111fss

..(1)

nr 2 (L2) , = 2s , = /2s , = f2r L1 or L2 o}or 2 /12 ss

o2

/2

/1

11fss

.. (2)

(1)+(2)21

/21

1111ffss

nrFffss11111

21/21

F r ,21

111ffF

- 27

1

.. (3)

- 28

750 450

1. 3 cm 50 cm

30 cm [ 2 cm] 2. 750 450 1.4 sine [ 0.99] 3. 2

20 cm 3 cm 20 cm 15 cm [ 2 6.67 cm]

4. 20 cm 0.1

[ 180 cm] 5.

[ -0.752d]

6. 15 cm 3

[ 20 cm]

- 29

7. ( ) [ 20 cm] 8. (optical fiber)

15 3-6 s 1.5 3 38 m/s [ 1,500 m]

9. 450

[ 2.12 38 m/s] 10. AC

AB 1.3 AB

600

300

A

B C [ 2 38 m/s]

- 30

750 450

1. 3 cm 50 cm

30 cm [ 2 cm] 2. 750 450 1.4 sine [ 0.99] 3. 2

20 cm 3 cm 20 cm 15 cm [ 2 6.67 cm]

4. 20 cm 0.1

[ 180 cm] 5. [ -0.752d]

6. 15 cm 3

[ 20 cm]

- 31

7. ( ) [ 20 cm] 8. (optical fiber)

15 3-6 s 1.5 3 38 m/s [ 1,500 m]

9. 450 [

2.12 38 m/s] 10. AC

AB 1.3 AB [ 2 38 m/s]

600

300

A

B C