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SELAS-LINDE GmbH

Environmental

Technology


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3 Introduction

4 SELAS-LINDE GmbH

5 Company history

6 Thermal oxidation

7 Sub-X

technology

8 Flameless thermal oxidation

9 Technology center

10 Selected reerences

12 Contact

2

Sub-X is a registered trademark o The Linde Group

Cover photo: Thermal oxidation unit or aqueous waste liquids in Germany

Contents.


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SELAS-LINDE GmbH a wholly-owned sub-

sidiary of The Linde Group, Engineering

Division is one of the worlds leading

suppliers of process plants in the fields of:

Process urnaces or the chemical

and petrochemical industry:

Pyrolysis urnaces or ethylene production

EDC cracking urnaces

Cracking urnaces or special chemicals,

such as acetic acid and reon

Reormers

Steam reormers or hydrogen and

synthesis gas production

Fired heater units or reineries:

Crude oil heaters

Vacuum oil heaters

Visbreaker

Platormer

HDS heaters

Reboilers

Superheaters

Special-purpose urnace equipment:

Furnaces or iron direct reduction processes

Steam superheaters

Waste recovery units or gas turbines

Environmental technology

In addition to these ields, SELAS-LINDE is also a

leader in the design and construction o plants

or oxidizing gaseous and liquid wastes, includ-

ing waste heat recovery, lue gas treatment, by-

product recovery or:

Halogenated hydrocarbons

PCBs

Pesticides, herbicides

Dioxins

Pharmaceutical wastes

Aqueous salt-laden wastes

Nitrogen-bound organics

Vaporisation o cryogenic luids

Submerged combustion vaporiser systems

(Sub X) or:

LNG

LPG

Nitrogen

Ethylene

Range o Services

SELAS-LINDE GmbH oers a wide range o

services, tailored to customer speciications: Studies

Project management

Basic and detail engineering

Procurement o services and materials

Construction, revamp and commissioning

Supervision o abrication and construction

Start-up supervision

Ater-sales service

Project inancing

3

Introduction.


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SELAS-LINDE has extensive experience in the

conceptual and detailed design and construction

o turn-key plants, but also oers its customers

all these services individually.

The world-wide cooperation and exchange o

inormation with Linde, the connection with the

Fired Heaters Division within Linde Impianti,

Italia (LII), Rome and the sister company, Selas

Fluid Processing Corporation (SFPC), Blue Bell,

PA, USA, ensure state o the art technology and

project execution.

Eicient engineering work by experienced spe-

cialists and the use o the most modern 3D CAD

systems (PDS) result in optimal design and reli-able long-term operation o all SELAS-LINDE plants.

Materials and equipment are procured world-

wide in close cooperation with competent sup-

pliers and business associates.

SELAS-LINDE has decades o experience as a

general contractor managing the complex lo-

gistics o plant procurement and construction.

Proven project management and control sys-

tems guarantee strict adherence to cost,

schedule and quality requirements.

Contracts are executed in compliance with all

relevant international standards and rules, ac-

companied by continuous quality-assurance

activities. SELAS-LINDE is certiied under ISO

9001 since February 2000.

Ater a contract has been completed, SELAS-

LINDE remains a reliable partner or its custom-

ers, with its lexible and eicient ater-sales

service.

Proo o SELAS-LINDEs capability and know-how

is the successul completion and commissioning

o more than 2000 plants since the oundation o

this company.

SELAS-LINDE GmbH.

4

Ethylene cracking urnace, Jilin Petrochemical Company,

Jilin/China


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SELAS-LINDE has a long tradition in urnace

design, which dates back to the early thirties

in the USA.

The original company, Selas Corporation o

America (in Pennsylvania), was involved in

the technology o ired process urnaces rom

an early date and developed this technology

continuously.

Starting in 1948, the company o Ernst Kirchner

in Hamburg was developing its product line or

ired industrial urnaces. Ater the death o the

companys ounder in 1970, the ired industrial

urnaces section was separated and sold to

Selas Corporation o America. This acquisition

was then renamed to Selas-Kirchner GmbH.

In 1973, Selas Corporation o America and

Linde AG, Process Engineering and Contracting

Division, signed a l icense agreement or the

planning, manuacturing, and erection o pyro-

lysis urnaces or producing oleins. This also

meant that the Selas, Kirchner, and Linde tech-

nologies in the ield o ired process-urnace

plants or the chemical and reinery industries

were combined.

Over the ollowing years, step by step Lindes

Process Engineering and Contracting Division

acquired ever larger shares o Selas-Kirchner

and o the ired process-urnace plant division

o Selas Corporation o America.

In 1985, Linde AG became the sole owner o

Selas-Kirchner, Germany, and o the Process

Furnaces division o Selas Corporation. This

division now operates under the name Selas

Fluid Processing Corporation (SFPC) in Blue

Bell, USA.

On January 1st, 1999, Selas-Kirchner GmbH was

renamed to SELAS-LINDE GmbH.

SELAS-LINDE GmbH and Selas Fluid Processing

Corporation now market the entire know-how o

the Selas, Kirchner and Linde urnace technolo-

gies exclusively throughout the world under the

trademark Selas.

Since its acquisition o T-Thermal in 1992, SELAS-

LINDE possesses the extensive know-how and

leading technology or thermal oxidation o

gaseous and liquid wastes, in addition to its

already available technology in the ield o en-

vironmental engineering.

Furthermore SELAS-LINDE designs, supplies and

constructs plants or the vaporisation o cryo-

genic liquids. Today SELAS-LINDE is one o the

leading global contractors in all above men-

tioned ields.

Selas Fluid Processing Corp.

and T-Thermal Division

Philadelphia, USA

Bertrams Heatec AG

Pratteln, Switzerland

SELAS-LINDE GmbH

and T-Thermal Division

SELAS LINDE GmbH

T-Thermal Division

within Linde CryoPlants Ltd.

Munich, Germany

Aldershot, UK

Fired Heater Division

within Linde Impianti

(Licence o SL)

Rome, Italy

Linde AG

Engineering Division

Munich, Germany

5

Company history.


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6

Catalytic oxidation plant

in Antwerp, Belgium

Thermal oxidation unit

in Saint Clair du Rhne, France

A pollution ree environment

SELAS-LINDE has committed, as a company, to

provide the equipment, service and technical

support to resolve complex disposal problems.

By tailor-made combustion technology, SELAS-

LINDE can saely destroy nearly any kind o

liquid and gaseous euent encountered in

industry.

Since building our frst thermal waste oxidation

system in 1952, we have supplied over 500 in-

stallations world-wide to many o the leading

process and manuacturing companies. In a

technology where experience and expertise

are critical, SELAS-LINDE is an acknowledged

world leader.

Guaranteed destruction efciencies

Thermal oxidation is the most direct, efcient,

complete and fnal method or the disposal o

especially hazardous liquid and gaseous indus-

trial euent. For some wastes it is the only

practicable solution.

Destruction efciencies o SELAS-LINDE waste

oxidation systems well exceeds the most de-

manting requirements anywhere in the world

including the European legislative limits. Wehave successully dealt with virtually every kind

o hazardous and toxic waste. One example

among many, a specially designed thermal

system was selected or the US Army program

to destroy the nations stockpile o obsolete

chemical weapons, including nerve agents.

Thermal oxidation.


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7

Sub-X technology.

SELAS-LINDEs exclusive Sub-X system is a ma-

jor advance in the sae treatment o hazardous

wastes, particularly aqueous wastes bearing

metals, salts or halogens. This versatile, inte-

grated chemical waste destructor, using a high

intensity Vortex burner, makes ull use o the

energy contained in the waste streams. Combus-

tible gaseous and liquid wastes, along with

non-combustible aqueous wastes, can be de-

stroyed simultaneously.

Frequently, valuable by-products can be re-

moved rom the waste streams. Examples in-

clude recovery o catalyst oxides ater destruc-

tion o the carrier liquid and recovery o sodium

iodide or process re-use. SELAS-LINDE is also aworld leader in the oxidation o luorinated liq-

uid and vapour waste streams with the option o

hydroluoric acid or calcium luoride recovery.

The Sub-X design is also utilised or the de-

struction o chlorinated, brominated and iodi-

nated waste streams.

Some o the main eatures o the proprietary

Sub-X system are deined in ig. 2.

Fig. 1: Vortex burner

Fig. 2: Sub-X system

Air vanes

Fuel spray

Combustion air Air

nozzle

Secondary

air inlet

Air

uel zone

Combustion

chamber

Internal recirculation

o inert gases

Flame

envelope

Fuel and

atomizing luid

burner. Most conventional burners cannot

handle this mixture, but the Vortex has the

necessary turbulence and swirl action to oxi-

dize the mixture eiciently.

Usually the reaction chamber is vertical. When

aqueous wastes containing inorganic com-

pounds are present, they are injected into the

ully developed lame zone just below the bur-

ner. The generated molten salts low down the

reractory wall to the quench chamber.

Hot gases pass through a water-cooled down-

comer tube and are quenched in the Sub-X

quench tank. The integral tank is a primary

scrubber recovering a high percentage o acids

and particulates. The tank also acts as a saety

device: i quench water supply is lost, the water

in the tank will serve as a heat sink and liquid

seal until the malunction is corrected.

In the treatment o chlorinated wastes, the

rapid quenching o lue gases in a matter o

milli-seconds virtually eliminates the gas-

phase dioxin reormation reactions and

hence the unit is able to achieve dioxin lev-

els < 0.1 ng/Nm (TEQ).

Other auxiliaries, including downstreamexhaust gas treatment and product recovery

equipment, can increase the versatility and

proitability o the Sub-X system.

Finely atomized waste is mixed with combus-

tion air and injected into the integral Vortex

Vortex burner

assembly Combustion

air inlet

Non-combustible

waste inlet

Quench water inlet

Exhaust

Annulus

(where hot gases

pump quench water)

Firebrick

Insulating

brick

Downcomer


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8

Flameless thermal oxidation.

Flameless thermal oxidation (FTO) is a process that thermally reacts com-

bustible gases and/or atomized liquids with an oxidizing agent to convert

combustible compounds to their oxidized state, and release heat without

lame.

This is accomplished by heating the compounds to reaction temperature

under controlled conditions in a specially designed reactor that absorbs

and dissipates the heat o the reaction. This maintains a stable oxidation

zone at a precise temperature and residence time suicient to compen-

sate or variations in ume low and composition.

The FTO reactor

Figure 1 depicts the basic FTO system. The reactor is made up o a reractory

lined, cylindrical vessel (material o construction varies with application)

with a centered inlet diptube. This vessel is approximately hal ull o ran-

domly packed inert ceramic pieces to orm a uniorm matrix below andaround the diptube. A preheat burner or electric heating elements heat

the ceramic matrix to operating temperature at start-up only.

During standard operation the matrix temperature is maintained by the

incoming combustible mixture entering rom the top o the diptube. As the

mixture lows down the diptube it passes through a series o mixing bales

to ensure uniorm composition o the gases.

The pre-mixed reactants enter the ceramic matrix, and expand radially out-

ward rom the end o the diptube. Each ume, air, and uel mixture has a

particular reaction speed based on the composition and temperature. As

the slowing velocity o the pre-mixed reactants reaches the oxidationspeed, heat transer into the mixture rom the hot matrix and ree radical

oxidation begins. The location o the reaction wave is held in place by

controlling the air and uel mixed with the umes (ig. 2).

FTO technology has repeatedly demonstrated a destruction eiciency

o 99.99 %+, virtually undetectable thermal NOx and CO emissions, and

dioxin and uran emissions that are less than 1/10 o the stringent Euro-

pean emissions standard o 0.1 ng/m TEQ. This unique perormance

assures regulatory compliance with a high degree o reliability.

Fuel

Fume

Ellipsoidal

reaction

envelope

Air

Hot cera-

mic matrix

Clean

gas

outlet

Inlet

diptube

FTO reactor (ig. 1) Principle o operation (ig. 2)

Constant total low

Constant reaction speed

P

T

1000C

CO2

H2O

O2

N2

Mixer

reactionwave

CH4

O2

N2

Air

Fume

Trim fuel

Expanded,

hot combustion product20C

0.5 m/s 0.5 m/s

low

Constant flow

Constant composition

Constant velocity

Constant reaction speed


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9

Technology center.

Sub-X incinerator

When expanding the technology o specialized

combustion related process and emission control

equipment, pilot testing is oten the only prudent

way to conirm suitability o a design. SFPC and

SL have always relied on research and develop-

ment testing as the basis or their system guar-

antees.

In the early 1950s the test acility was used

strictly or proprietary projects. Due to customer

demand, contract research was introduced. Over

the years, more than 800 projects have been

initiated by major chemical, petro-chemical,

pharamceutical, aircrat, building products, steel

and mining companies, as well as the U.S. Army,

Navy and Environmental Protection Agency.Many o the projects resulted in technological

breakthroughs, and because o the interaction

between the companies, lasting business rela-

tionships were ormed and became the ounda-

tion o our present customer base.

The original acility, located in Conshohocken, PA,

was constructed in the 1950s. In the year 2000,

the acility was completely revamped to make

way or the new state-o-the-art technology

center. In addition to perorming proprietary

and contract research, the technology center is

a ocal point to gather and exchange scientiic

inormation with the Linde amily o companies

world-wide.

The new center is equipped with multiple ull-

scale combustion, incineration, lameless ther-

mal oxidation, and air pollution control systems.

The systems are ully automated with abundant

data gathering capabilities. Programmable logic

controllers (PLC), human-machine interace (HMI)

and continuous emission monitoring (CEM)

systems are integrated with spread sheet sot-

ware or down loading and integration with

customer sotware packages. High temperature

cameras and high-speed internet connections

provide unique opportunities or solving

customers needs. Augmenting these systems

is our in-house ability to perorm computa-

tional luid dynamic (CFD) modeling.

FTO system


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10

Selected reerences.

Hydroluoric acid recovery in India

Process description Fluorinated waste gases are incincerated at high temperature to ensure com-

plete destruction. The Sub-X quench system provides rapid cooling such

that dioxin/uran ormation is saely avoided. In the quench and the down

stream absorber column hydroluoric acid is recovered. The inal caustic

scrubber stage removes remaining gaseous emissions and aerosols or com-

pliance with environmental emission limits. The unit is certiied or trading

with CERs (Certiied Emission Reduction) according to the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Location Ranjitnagar, Gujarat, India

Key perormance data Fluorinated waste gas duty 139 kg/h

Hydroluoric acid recovery 99%

Hydroluoric acid production 575 kg/h o 20 wt% acid

Emissions NOx < 200 m/Nm HF < 1 mg/Nm

TOC < 10 mg/Nm Dioxins & Furans < 0.1 ng/Nm (TEQ)

Standardised system or the treatment o pharmaceutical wastes

Process description The units have been developed as standardized systems in co-operation with

the end client to treat a wide variety o wastes originating rom pharmaceu-

tical processes including chlorinated compounds. Key criteria were lexibility

or load changes and easy adaptation to new wastes rom regularly changing

batch processes. The units consist o a vertical combustion chamber with

Sub-X

quench and downstream caustic scrubber; European units areequipped additionally with a plume suppression system.

Locations La Vallee, France; Ponders End, Great Britain; several locations in the U.S.

Key perormance data Waste gas 2900 kg/h (4360 kg/h)

Burner duty 3.2 MW (4.5 MW)

Emissions CO < 100 mg/Nm NOx < 200 mg/Nm

CH4 < 50 mg/Nm HCI < 10 mg/Nm

TOC < 20 mg/Nm

Treatment o wastes rom an agricultural chemicals plant

Process description The system treats aqueous wastes containing salts and waste gases rom

an upstream agricultural chemicals plant.

The unit utilises SELAS-LINDEs proprietary concept or salt containing wastes

consisting o a specially designed vertical combustion system with a Sub-X

quench able to treat the salt-containing lue gases. A downstream acid gas

scrubber removes residual gaseous emissions and aerosols to meet the

emission requirements.

Location Hangzhou, China

Key perormance data Waste liquids 800 kg/h

Waste gas 200 kg/h

Burner duty 2.9 MW

Emissions CO < 80 mg/Nm Dust < 10 mg/Nm

TOC < 10 mg/Nm SO2 < 50 mg/Nm

Dioxins < 0.1 ng/Nm (TEQ)


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Treatment o sulphur-containing wastes

Process description Organic and aqueous wastes containing signiicant amounts o sulphur-

bearing compounds are treated in a horizontal combustion system. The heat

generated during combustion is recovered by generation o saturated steam

in a iretube boiler suitable or the acid gases resulting rom combustion.

A combined quench and scrubber system removes the acid gases.

Location Bhlen, Germany

Key perormance data Organic waste 1,456 kg/h

Aqueous waste 8,133 kg/h

Burner duty 19.8 MW

Steam generation 17 t/h (saturated at 12 bar)

Emissions CO < 50 mg/Nm NOx < 200 mg/Nm

TOC < 10 mg/Nm Dust < 10 mg/Nm

SO2 < 50 mg/Nm

Treatment o halogenated wastes with sodium iodide recovery

Process description The unit treats various liquid wastes, among them salt-containing wastes and

Iodine compounds. The integrated approach o the system allows or heat re-

covery by steam generation in a boiler suitable or salt-laden lue gases and

recovery o Sodium Iodide solution.

Location Lisbon, Portugal

Key perormance data Waste liquids 931 kg/h

Burner duty 7.0 MW

Steam generation 5 t/h (saturated at 10 bar)

Sodium lodide recovery 155 kg/h (solution at 8 wt%)

Emissions CO < 50 mg/Nm HCI < 10 mg/Nm

TOC < 10 mg/Nm Dust < 10 mg/Nm

Dioxins & Furans < 0.1 ng/Nm (TEQ)

Treatment o salt brines

Process description The system treats waste liquids and gases originating rom an upstream

insecticide/herbicide plant with high concentrations o phosphorus com-

pounds, chlorides and up to 30 wt% o salts. The unit utilises SELAS-LINDEs

proprietary concept or salt-containing wastes consisting o a specially de-

signed vertical combustion system with a Sub-X quench able to treat the

salt-containing lue gases. A scrubber and ilter system removes residual

salt aerosols and other pollutants.

Location Lemvig, Denmark

Key perormance data Waste liquids 1,000 kg/h

Process air 5,000 Nm/hBurner duty 3.6 MW

Emissions HCI < 10 mg/Nm TOC < 20 mg/Nm

CO < 50 mg/Nm NOx < 500 mg/Nm

Dioxins < 0.1 ng/Nm (TEQ) Dust < 30 mg/Nm


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SL/2.1.e

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SELAS-LINDE GmbH Range o activities.

SELAS-LINDE GmbH, A Member o The Linde Group

Wolratshauser Str. 138, 82049 Pullach, Germany

Phone +49.89.7447.47-0, Fax +49.89.7447.47-17

E-Mail: [email protected], www.selas-linde.com

Offices/Subsidiaries

T-Thermal & Process Heater Technology

c/o Linde CryoPlants Ltd.

1 Blackwater Park, Holder Road

Aldershot, Hants GU12 4PQ

Great Britain

Phone: +44.1252.321-811

Fax: +44.1252.321-355

SELAS-LINDE Fired Heaters Divsion

c/o Linde Impianti Italia S.p.A.

Via Corona Boreale, 86

00054 Fiumicino, Roma

Italy

Phone: +39.06656.13-1

Fax: +39.06656.13-200

Selas Fluid Processing Corporation

T-Thermal Company/Thermatrix

Five Sentry Parkway East, Suite 204

Blue Bell, Philadelphia 19422

United States o America

Phone: +1.610.8340-300

Fax: +1.610.8340-473

Process urnaces or the chemical and petrochemical industry

Pyrolysis urnaces or ethylene production

EDC cracking urnaces

Cracking urnaces or special chemicals,

such as acetic acid and reon

Reormers

Steam reormers or hydrogen

and synthesis gas production

Fired heater units or reineries

Crude oil heaters

Vacuum oil heaters

Visbreaker

Platormer HDS heaters

Reboilers

Superheaters

Special-purpose urnace equipment

Furnaces or iron direct reduction processes

Steam superheaters

Waste recovery units or gas turbines

Environmental Technology

Plants or oxidizing gaseous and liquid wastes, including waste heat

recovery, lue gas treatment, byproduct recovery or:

Halogenated hydrocarbons

PCBs

Pesticides, herbicides

Dioxins

Pharmaceutical wastes

Aqueous salt-laden wastes

Nitrogen-bound organics

Vaporisation o cryogenic luids

Submerged combustion vaporiser systems (Sub X) or:

LNG

LPG Nitrogen

Ethylene

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