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DipartimentodiIngegneriaeArchitettura
UNIVERSITÀDEGLISTUDIDITRIESTE
Prof.LourdesElizabethGonzalez-Valera,Ph.D.
LINGUAINGLESEPARIALIVELLOB2
11/26/20 1LourdesE.Gonzalez-Valera
Lesson4
Englishsyntax:• collectivenouns(cont.)• “if”constructions(partii)• phrasalverbs• questiontags
November4,2020
11/26/20 2LourdesE.Gonzalez-Valera
Trickortreat!!!(rememberthatthesevowelsoundsareverydifferent)
Ivs.i
Untilnow…• Englishphonetics(sounds)morecomplexthanItalianphonetics.(approx.10vowelsinEnglishvs.5inItalian,forexample)
• ItalianverbformsmorecomplexthanEnglishverbforms.(50differentverbsuffixes(endings)inItalianvs.3-5inEnglish(3rdpersonpresent–s:past–ed/en;gerund:-ing
• Adjectiveorderingdifferent.
• EasinesstocreateverbsfromnounsinEnglish:todentalfloss,tovacuum;tox-ray;toxerox;toemail:tofax;toskype,etc.
• Easinesstocreateadjectivesfromnounsandverbs:—less;—able,forexample:head+less=headless;speech+less=speechless;drink+able=drinkable;do+able=doable,etc.
Worthknowingsyntacticconstructions
• Collectivenouns+singularverbforms– herd(elephants,cows,deer,)– pack(wolves,dogs,foxes)– school(fish)– swarm(flies,bees,wasps)– flock(birdsingeneral)
Examples
aherd(ofelephants,cows,deer)
apack(ofwolves,dogs,foxes)
aschool(offish)aswarm(offlies,bees,wasps)
aflock(ofbirdsingeneral)
mandriadielefanti
brancodicani
bancodipesci
sciame,nugolodimosche
stormodiuccelli
+verbinSINGULAR:is,was,has,etc.
a/the/this/thatherd
a/the/this/thatschool
a/the/this/thatswarm
a/the/this/thatpack
a/the/this/thatflock
Agreementsingularorplural?
• Aherdofhungryandrestlesselephantsis/waswalkingunderthetreeshadows.
• Aswarmofflieshas/hadbeenbotheringthedinnerguestswithitsincessantnoise.
Subject=collectivenoun+verbinsingular
“Se”constructionsinItalian(i)(DizionarioTreccani)
1.Realtà
“Se”constructionsinItalian(ii)(DizionarioTreccani)
2.Possibilità
“Se”constructionsinItalian(iii)(DizionarioTreccani)
3.Irrealtà
Ifconstructions
I:conditionpossibletofulfill(realtà)
II:conditionintheorypossibletofulfill(possibilità)
III:conditionnotpossibletofulfill(toolate)(irrealtà)
Ifclause:If+simplepresentIfIstudy,
If+simplepastIfIstudied,
If+pastperfect
IfIhadstudied,
Mainclause:futureIwillpassthetest.
would,could,might…+verbIwouldpassthetest
would+have+pastparticiple
Iwouldhavepassedthetest
11/26/20 LourdesE.Gonzalez-Valera 14
Secominciassimoastudiarealleottodisera,alledieciavremmogiàfinito.congiuntivo condizionale
Ifwestart__tostudyateightintheevening,we________finish___byten. -ed to would be -ed
Secominciamoastudiarealleottodisera,alledieciavremogiàfinito.indicativo indicativo
Ifwestartstudy___ateightintheevening,wewillhavefinish__byten. -ing will have -ed
Phrasalverbs
• Aphrasal verb in English is a verb likepick up, turn on orget onwith.Theseverbsconsistofabasicverb+anotherwordorwords.Thetwoorthreewordsthatmakeupaphrasalverbformashort"phrase"—whichiswhywecallthem"phrasalverbs".
• Acombinationofaverbandanadverboraverbandapreposition,or both, in which the combination has a meaning different fromthemeaningofthewordsconsideredseparately:
seeto lookout makeupfor
Verycommonphrasalverbs
https://oxfordhousebcn.com/en/10-phrasal-verbs-you-should-learn-today/
• goon (continuare)• pickup (andareaprendere)• comeup (emergre,spuntare)• findout (scoprire)• growup (crescere,maturare)• goback (ritornare)• seeto (occuparse)• makeupfor (rimediare)• lookout (fareattenzione)
Questiontags• A question tag is a grammatical structure in which
a declarative or an imperative statement is turned into aquestion by the addition of an interrogative fragment (the"tag").Forexample,inthesentence"You'reJohn,aren'tyou?",thestatement"You'reJohn"isturnedintoaquestionbythetag"aren'tyou”.
• The term "question tag" is generally preferred by Britishgrammarians, while their American counterparts prefer "tagquestion”
• In inglese la tag question o question tag è una strutturagrammaticaleusataalla finedi unaproposizioneenunciativaoimperativapertrasformarlainunadomanda,oinunadomandaretorica.
Questiontag
Basicrule
Exercise!(completeeachsentencewiththecorrectQT)
1. SheisfromasmalltowninJersey,2. Theyareontheirwayalready,3. Youdon'tlikespicyfood,4. DavidandJuliedon'ttakeChineseclasses,5. Theyneedsomenewclothes,6. Youaren'tfromBrazil,7. Theweatherisreallybadtoday,8. I'mnotthepersonwiththetickets,9. Ilikechocolateverymuch,10. Ioftencomehomelate,11. Itwascoldyesterday,12. She'llcomeatsix,13. Johnmuststay,
Exercise!(completeeachsentencewiththecorrectQT)
1. Sheisn’tfromasmalltowninJersey,2. Theyaren'tontheirwayalready,3. Youlikespicyfood,4. DavidandJulietakeChineseclasses5. Theydon’tneedsomenewclothes,6. YouarefromBrazil,7. Theweatherisn’treallybadtoday,8. I'mthepersonwiththetickets,9. Youdon’tlikechocolateverymuch,10. Idon’tcomehomelateoften,11. Itwasn’tcoldyesterday,12. Shewon’tcomeatsix,13. Johnmustn’tstay,
SubjunctiveandZaia
• ilsacrifficiochehannofattoivenetidovesseessere..poidiconoestata,forse..dovesseesserestatoavereforsefossestato..mmsoncasinatolodevodirecolcondizionalegiusto…
• ….dovesseroesserericonosciuti
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_Pp2wVVwWE
Oranges,oringes?…Trumpandphonetics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUPsNgmXR7M
originsarenotoranges!!!