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Linux VBird2003/06/23
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Linux Linux Linux Linux ()Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux
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1960Multics 1970 Thompson1973Ritchie C Unix 1977Berkeley BSD
1980AT&T
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1984Stallman FSF GNU (free beer or free air ?) (GNU General
Public License) (Open Source)
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GNU .
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Linux 1991Linus Torvalds BBS
Hello everybody out there using minix- I'm doing a (free)
operation system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like
gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.
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Linux Linux = (Kernel) ()()--^_^
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Linux Linux distribution GNU GPL GNU Open Source Linux Linux
kernel (Packages) X86
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Linux Linux (distributions)Red HatMandrakeLinpusCLE..()
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Linux Linux Windows Linux KDE, GNOME Window ManagerX Window
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Linux Linux (Workstations)D.WWW, FTP, Mail, Proxy, File,
Firewall, .
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Linux Linux Open SourceLinux Linux
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Linux Linux Windows
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Linux (X-Window System)KDE, GNOME.. (BASH Shell)
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Linux Bash ShellBash shell GNU Linux kernel X Window Shell
scripts program Linux Bash shell
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Linux X-Window
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BASH vi ()(Regular Expression)Linux (Package Manager)..
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Google ( man ) ( log file )
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vivi
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man pageman commandman 5 configurationinfo command ( GNU
)/etc/man.conf ()whatis filename
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Linux mail box Linux ID UID, GID UID 0(root), 1~65534()owner,
group, others Linux /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
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Linux root .. root root Linux su, sudo
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Linux file typeregular files: data, ascii, binary
programs..Directorydevice files: Block, Characterfilesystem
typeext2, ext3, reiserfsvfat, ntfs..
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Linux
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Linux User, Group, Others
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Linux
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Linux ls, pwd, cd, mkdir, rmdircp, mv, rm, cat, nl, head, tail,
less, more, file, diff
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Linux chown, chgrp, chmod# chmod 777 bar
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Linux which command ( PATH )whereis filenamelocate filenamefind
path type arguments
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Linux hard link filesystems, directory link 0 Symbolic link
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Linux
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Linux partition filesystem mount partition mount point
(directory)# mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/windows# mount -t ntfs
/dev/hda6 /mnt/winnt# mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/linux2
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Linux fdisk ( MBR, partition )mke2fs fsck /etc/fstab
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Linux process ID PID
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Linux topps(daemon, )(syslog,cron)(www, mail..)
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Linux Prioritynice valuenice PIDrenice PID
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Linux , signalkill -signal PID-1 -9 -15 PID
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Linux syslog syslog (daemon)
/etc/syslog.conf/var/log/messages/var/log/secure ...
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Linux crontab/etc/crontabat
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Linux RPM()
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Linux Tarball (open source) tarball make, kernel source, gcc
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Linux
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Linux man (logfile)
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package manager vi ^_^ Linux User, Group, Others Process
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cron BASH scripts
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Linux Linux (Ex>Wu-FTP) port scan root kit Linux root
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Linux ( Linux Windows ) service (daemon)
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Linux OSI Hub Switch TCP/IP Public IP Private IP ? port
daemon
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Linux RPM Red Hat FTP RPM rpm -Fvh (EX>Kernel)
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Linux Tarballgcc, make, kernel source, kernel head. INSTALL
README
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Linux port netstat top, ps nmap port scan
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Linux ServicesStand alone:/etc/rc.d/init.d/scripts
(start|stop)Super daemon:vi
/etc/xinetd.d/files/etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd restartps & kill
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Linux .TCP_Wrappers daemon /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny
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Linux iptablesiptables -L -n (chains) INPUT service
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Linux iptables script # 1. iptables -Fiptables -Xiptables -Z
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Linux # 2. iptables -P INPUT DROPiptables -P OUTPUT
ACCEPTiptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
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Linux # 3. (INPUT) iptables -A INPUT -p TCP -i eth0 -s
192.168.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT # IPiptables -A INPUT -p TCP -i eth0
--dport 80 -j ACCEPT # daemoniptables -A INPUT -m mac --mac-source
aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff -j ACCEPT #
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Linux -Models Models ssh
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Linux - scripts
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Linux - scripts
