LinuxBasicCommands
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BasicLinuxCommands FileHandling TextProcessing SystemAdministration ProcessManagement Archival Network FileSystems AdvancedCommands
Sourcestolearncommands??
Primaryman(manual)pages. manshowsallinformationaboutthe
command helpshowstheavailableoptions
forthatcommand SecondaryBooksandInternet
FileHandlingcommands mkdirmakedirectories
Usage:mkdir[OPTION]DIRECTORY...eg.mkdirprabhat
lslistdirectorycontentsUsage:ls[OPTION]...[FILE]...eg.ls,lsl,lsprabhat
cdchangesdirectoriesUsage:cd[DIRECTORY]eg.cdprabhat
FileHandling(contd...)
pwdprintnameofcurrentworkingdirectoryUsage:pwd
vimViImproved,aprogrammerstexteditorUsage:vim[OPTION][file]...eg.vimfile1.txt
cpcopyfilesanddirectoriesUsage:cp[OPTION]...SOURCEDESTeg.cpsample.txtsample_copy.txtcpsample_copy.txttarget_dir
mvmove(rename)filesUsage:mv[OPTION]...SOURCEDESTeg.mvsource.txttarget_dirmvold.txtnew.txt
FileHandling(contd...)
FileHandling(contd...)
rmremovefilesordirectoriesUsage:rm[OPTION]...FILE...eg.rmfile1.txt,rmrfsome_dir
findsearchforfilesinadirectoryhierarchyUsage:find[OPTION][path][pattern]eg.findfile1.txt,findnamefile1.txt
historyprintsrecentlyusedcommandsUsage:history
Pattern
A Pattern is an expression that describes a set of strings which is used to give a concise description of a set, without having to list all elements.
eg. ab*cd matches anything that starts with ab and ends with cd etc. ls *.txt prints all text files
TextProcessing
catconcatenatefilesandprintonthestandardoutputUsage:cat[OPTION][FILE]...eg.catfile1.txtfile2.txt
catnfile1.txt
echodisplayalineoftextUsage:echo[OPTION][string]...eg.echoIloveIndiaecho$HOME
TextProcessing(contd...)
grepprintlinesmatchingapatternUsage:grep[OPTION]PATTERN[FILE]...eg.grepiapplesample.txt
wcprintthenumberofnewlines,words,andbytesinfilesUsage:wc[OPTION]...[FILE]...eg.wcfile1.txtwcLfile1.txt
TextProcessing(contd...)
sortsortlinesoftextfilesUsage:sort[OPTION]...[FILE]...eg.sortfile1.txtsortrfile1.txt
LinuxFilePermissions 3typesoffilepermissionsread,write,execute 10bitformatfrom'lsl'command12345678910filetypeownergroupotherseg.drwxrwrmeansownerhasallthreepermissions,grouphasreadandwrite,othershaveonlyread
permission readpermission4,write2,execute1eg.rwxrwr=764673=rwrwxwx
SystemAdministration
chmodchangefileaccesspermissionsUsage:chmod[OPTION][MODE][FILE]eg.chmod744calculate.sh
chownchangefileownerandgroupUsage:chown[OPTION]...OWNER[:[GROUP]]FILE...eg.chownremomyfile.txt
SystemAdministration(contd...)
suchangeuserIDorbecomesuperuserUsage:su[OPTION][LOGIN]eg.suremo,supasswdupdateausersauthenticationtokens(s)Usage:passwd[OPTION]eg.passwdwhoshowwhoisloggedonUsage:who[OPTION]eg.who,whob,whoq
psreportasnapshotofthecurrentprocessesUsage:ps[OPTION]eg.ps,psel
killtokillaprocess(usingsignalmechanism)Usage:kill[OPTION]pideg.kill92275
ProcessManagement
tartoarchiveafileUsage:tar[OPTION]DESTSOURCEeg.tarcvf/home/archive.tar/home/originaltarxvf/home/archive.tar
zippackageandcompress(archive)filesUsage:zip[OPTION]DESTSOURSEeg.ziporiginal.ziporiginal
unziplist,testandextractcompressedfilesinaZIParchiveUsage:unzipfilename
eg.unziporiginal.zip
Archival
Network sshSSHclient(remoteloginprogram)
sshisaprogramforloggingintoaremotemachineandforexecutingcommandsonaremotemachine
Usage:ssh[options][user]@hostname
[email protected]
scpsecurecopy(remotefilecopyprogram)scpcopiesfilesbetweenhostsonanetwork
Usage:scp[options][[user]@host1:file1][[user]@host2:file2][email protected]:~/Desktop/
FileSystems fdiskpartitionmanipulator
eg.sudofdiskl
mountmountafilesystemUsage:mountttypedevicedireg.mount/dev/sda5/media/target
umountunmountfilesystemsUsage:umount[OPTIONS]dir|device...eg.umount/media/target
FileSystems(contd...) duestimatefilespaceusage
Usage:du[OPTION]...[FILE]...eg.du
dfreportfilesystemdiskspaceusageUsage:df[OPTION]...[FILE]...eg.df
quotadisplaydiskusageandlimitsUsage:quota[OPTION]eg.quotav
AdvancedCommands rebootrebootthesystem
Usage:reboot[OPTION]eg.reboot
poweroffpoweroffthesystemUsage:poweroff[OPTION]eg.poweroff
Suggested Material
TheUNIXProgrammingEnvironmentbyKernighanandPike(PrenticeHall)
YourUNIX:TheUltimateGuidebySumitabhaDas
ThankYou
Editorcommands kateKDEAdvancedTextEditor
Usage:kate[options][file(s)]eg.katefile1.txtfile2.txt
vimViImproved,aprogrammerstexteditorUsage:vim[OPTION][file]...eg.vihello.c
geditAtextEditor.Usedtocreateandeditfiles.Usage:gedit[OPTION][FILE]...eg.gedit
ProcessManagement(contd...)
bgmakeaforegroundprocesstoruninbackgroundUsage:type'ctrl+z'andthen'bg'
fgtomakebackgroundprocessasforegroundprocessUsage:fg[jobid]
jobsdisplaysthenamesandidsofbackgroundjobsUsage:jobs
AdvancedCommands(contd...)
sedstreameditorforfilteringandtransformingtextUsage:sed[OPTION][inputfile]...eg.sed's/love/hate/g'loveletter.txt
awkpatternscanningandprocessinglanguageeg.awkF:'{print$1}'sample_awk.txt
findsearchforfilesinadirectoryhierarchyUsage:find[OPTION][path][pattern]eg.findnamefile1.txt
locatefindorlocateafileUsage:locate[OPTION]...FILE...eg.locatefile1.txt
