MOST COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS

Bare Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Meaning

Be (am/is/are) was / were been ser o estarBecome became become llegar a serBegin began begun

comenzar/empezarBet bet bet apostarBite bit bitten morderBleed bled bled sangrarBlow blew blown soplarBreak broke broken romper/quebrarBring brought brought traerBuild built built construirBurn burnt burnt quemarBuy bought bought comprarCatch caught caught atrapar/cogerChoose chose chosen elegir/escogerCome came come venirCost cost cost costar ($)Cut cut cut cortarDeal (with) dealt (with) dealt (with) negociar conDo did done hacerDraw drew drawn dibujarDream dreamt dreamt soñarDrink drank drunk beberDrive drove driven manejarEat ate eaten comerFall (down) fell (down) fallen (down) caer(se)Feed fed fed alimentarFeel felt felt sentirFight fought fought pelearFind found found encontrarFly flew flown volarForget forgot forgotten olvidar

Bare Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Meaning

Forgive forgave forgiven perdonarFreeze froze frozen

congelarGet got gotten obtener/tenerGive gave given darGo (to) went (to) gone (to) ir (a)Grow up grew up grown up crecerHang hung hung colgarHave had had tener/haberHear heard heard oirHide hid hidden esconderHit hit hit golpearHold held held sostenerHurt hurt hurt herir/dolerKeep kept kept mantener/guardarKnow knew known

saber/conocer aLead led led guiar/dirigirLeave left left dejar/abandonarLend lent lent prestarLet let let permitirLose lost lost perderMake made made hacerMean meant meant significar/querer decirMeet met met encontrarse con/conocer a Pay paid paid pagarPut put put ponerQuit quit quit renunciarRead read read leerRide rode ridden andar enRing rang rung tocar/sonar el teléfonoRun ran run correrSay said said decir (algo)See saw seen verSell sold sold venderSend sent sent enviar

Bare Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Meaning

Set set set poner/establecerShake shook shaken agitarShine shone shone brillarShoot shot shot dispararShow showed shown mostrarSing sang sung cantarSink sank sunk hundirseSit sat sat sentarseSleep slept slept dormirSmell smelt smelt olerSpeak (with/to) spoke (with/to) spoken (with/to) hablar (con)Spill spilt spilt derramarSpeed sped sped acelerarSpend spent spent gastar, pasarSpread spread spread esparcirStand stood stood pararseSteal stole stolen robarStick stuck stuck pegarSwear swore sworn jurarSwim swam swum nadarSwing swung swung columpiarseTake took taken tomar/asirTeach taught taught enseñarTear tore torn rasgarTell told told decir (a alguien)Think (of/about) thought (of/about) thought (of/about) pensar (en/acerca de)Throw (away) threw (away) thrown (away) tirar/lanzarUnderstand understood understood

entender/comprenderWake up woke up waken up despertarWear wore worn vestirWet wet wet mojarWin won won ganarWrite wrote written escribir

CLASSROOM LANGUAGE

No entiendo I don’t understand ¿Cómo se deletrea? How do you spell ...? ¿Estás de acuerdo? Do you agree? ¿Qué dijiste? What did you say? No sé. I don’t know Yo también. Me too. Yo tampoco. Me neither. ¿Cómo se dice...? How do you say ...? ¿Qué significa....? What does .........mean? What’s the meaning of ...? Espérate. Wait a minute / second. ¿Cómo te va? How are you doing? No estoy seguro. I’m not sure. Que pases un buen fin de semana. Have a nice weekend. ¿Puedes repetirlo por favor? Can you say that again, please? ¿Terminaste? Have you finished? No todavía. Not yet. Me rindo. I give up. Disculpa. I’m sorry. Déjame pensar Let me think.

TO BE

I COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE VERB TO BE:

1. I ________ not a manager, I ________ a secretary.2. My sister ________ in her office now, but she ________ coming back in a

few minutes.3. Tim and I ________ in a party now. Where ________ my brother?4. ________ your parents from Italy? “No, they ________ from Chile.”5. Sue ________ not in Santiago, she ________ in Valdivia now.6. We ________ good friends, but he ________ a difficult person.

II ANSWER QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB TO BE:

1. What’s your middle name? ___________________________________________2. Are you a dentist? ___________________________________________3. How old is your sister?

___________________________________________4. Is Mel Gibson a clerk?

__________________________________________

5. Where is Madonna from? ___________________________________________

6. What do you do? ___________________________________________

7. Are U2 from Spain? __________________________________________

8. What is your teacher’s name? ___________________________________________

9. Are we students? ___________________________________________

10. Is Ricardo Lagos a sales manager? ___________________________________________

III MAKE QUESTIONS TO THESE ANSWERS:

1. ______________________________________? I’m a lawyer.2. ______________________________________? My last name is Turner.3. ______________________________________? Yes, I am.4. ______________________________________? No, she isn’t.5. ______________________________________? She is eighteen years

old.6. ______________________________________? I’m thirty six years old.7. ______________________________________? Yes, he is.8. ______________________________________? They are from England.9. ______________________________________? No, he isn’t a doctor.10. _____________________________________? His first name is Tom.

ASKING QUESTIONS with verb TO BE and the auxiliaries DO/ DOES

1. ___________________________________________________________ ? Yes, I do.

2. ___________________________________________________________ ? They go to USA every year.

3. ___________________________________________________________ ? I come to my English classes on Mondays.

4. ___________________________________________________________ ? Yes, she does.

5. ___________________________________________________________ ? Of course, he has children.

6. ___________________________________________________________ ? My brother visites me every weekend.

7. ___________________________________________________________ ? She isn’t at home now.

8. ___________________________________________________________ ? They are engineers.

9. __________________________________________________________ ? No, he doesn’t.

10. _________________________________________________________ ? My friend goes to Eladios restaurant.

11. _________________________________________________________ ? No,I don’t.

12. _________________________________________________________ ? He speaks English and French.

13. _________________________________________________________? No, I am not.

14. _________________________________________________________? We are in class every week.

15. _________________________________________________________? No, They are not.

16. _________________________________________________________? My dad works for a big company.

PRESENT TENSE

COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES USING THE VERBS GIVEN:

1. __________ your friend __________ you out? (invite)2. My parents ____________________ too much. (not travel)3. __________ her sister __________ lunch every day? (prepare)4. I ____________________ English but I __________ French pretty well.(not

speak/ speak)5. Jan __________ to the gym and he __________ tennis every week. (go-

practice)6. __________ you __________ what she __________? (understand-say)7. Tom __________ two brothers, Paul and James. They __________ in a bank.

(have-work)8. __________ your sister __________ here? Where __________ she

__________? (live-work)9. Tim __________ married and __________ English in a school. (be-teach)10. My dad __________ a taxi and my mom __________ a store. (drive-manage)11. Sue ______________ , but she __________ delicious drinks. (not cook/prepare)12. The student __________ his homework every class and he __________ all the

time. (do-study)13. We __________ a party tonight. Helen __________ the drinks and you

________________ the food. I __________ the music. (have-bring-prepare-bring)14. She ______________ seafood, but she __________ fish. (not eat-like)15. __________ you __________ your family every weekend? (visit)

EXERCISES with VERB TO BE AND AUXILIARIES DO/DOES

ANSWER QUESTIONS USING SHORT ANWERS:

1. Does your dad work? ___________________________________2. Are you a dentist? ___________________________________11. Do you speak German? ___________________________________ 12. Is your sister a clerk? ___________________________________13. Are the Rolling Stones from Spain? ___________________________________6. Are we students? ___________________________________7. Does your sister study? ___________________________________8. Do you and your friend go to pubs? ___________________________________9. Is your boyfriend a handsome man? ___________________________________10. Do you eat meat and seafood? ___________________________________11. Does your brother go home early? ___________________________________12. Are Janny and Sue students? ___________________________________13. Is your mother a student? ___________________________________14. Do your parents travel? ___________________________________

HOW MUCH / WHICH

MAKE QUESTIONS TO THESE ANSWERS:

1. ________________________________________________________?They are $45.

2. ________________________________________________________? It’s $10.

3. ________________________________________________________? This watch is $15.

4. ________________________________________________________? These watches are $30.

5. ________________________________________________________? The blue one.

6. ________________________________________________________? The blue ones.

7. ________________________________________________________? Those jeans are $23.

8. ________________________________________________________? It’s $95.50

9. ________________________________________________________? The red ones.

10. _______________________________________________________? They are $56.20

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE:

1. How much __________ blue pants?a) are those b) is this c) is these

2. __________ pair of glasses __________ $50.a) This/is b) These/are c) This/are

3. It is __________. __________ only $400.a) for sale/It’s b) on sale/It’s c) on sale/They are

4. How much _________ Honda Civic?a) this is b) is this c) are these

5. __________ are very expensive, but __________ on sale.a) They/they are b) They/it is c) They/are they

6. What kind is your car?a) It’s $2000 b) It’s very old c) It’s a Toyota Celica

7. __________ your TV?a) How many years is b) How old are c) How old is

CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD:

1. My/mine house is this/these red one.

2. His/her car is at the garage. This/those is not hers.

3. Those/that building has a hundred years old. It/its is very beautiful.

4. These/this is only $ 50. It’s/its about six months old.

5. My dad’s car is working well. It’s/its engine is new.

6. My brother is in USA. His/her wife is in Chile. They/we are divorced now.

7. How much is this/that ring? I can’t see him/it.

8. Those/that dresses are so expensive. I can’t buy them/it.

ADJECTIVES (COMPARATIVE DEGREE)

We form the comparative degree of one-syllable adjectives by adding –er.

Cold colderBright brighter

We usually form the comparative degree of adjectives with more than two syllables by using more.

Difficult more difficultBeautiful more beautiful

Good and Bad have special comparative forms.

Good betterBad worse

The comparative form of all adjectives is followed by than.

She is taller than her sister.This exercise is more difficult than that one.This book is better than that one.

EXERCISES

COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES BY SUPPLYING THE COMPARATIVE FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES IN BRACKETS. ALSO INCLUDE THE WORD “THAN”.

1- He is ______________________(young)__________________I am.

2- Mr. Smith is much ________________(old)___________________I expected.

3- Chicago is ___________________(big)____________________Paris.

4- This book is ___________________(good)___________________the last one we used.

5- This exercise is __________________(easy)__________________the last one.

6- This metal is _____________________(valuable)___________________gold.

7- Jane is ________________________(attractive)_____________________her sister.

8- The weather today is ____________________(warm)________________the weather yesterday.

9- That blouse is ____________________(nice) __________________this T-shirt.

10- This leather jacket is ___________________________ (expensive) __________ the cotton one.

11- The design of that e-address book is _____________________ ( ugly) ___________ the design of my last address book.

QUESTIONS with AUXILIARIES DO & DOES

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS USING THE AUXILIARIES:

1. Does your best friend study English with us?________________________________

2. Do you speak French well? ________________________________

3. Do your parents visit you every week? ________________________________

4. Does your wife/husband work? ________________________________

5. Do you and your friends go to pubs? ________________________________

6. Does the receptionist come to work by bus? ________________________________

7. Does your best friend cook on the weekends? ___________________________

8. Doe

s your teacher dance hip-hop every day? ____________________________

THIS TIME ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN FULL: 1. Where do you go every day? ___________________________________

2. What do you do every Sunday? ___________________________________

3. How much does a cup of coffee cost? ___________________________________

4. When do the banks open? ___________________________________

5. Where do you work? ___________________________________

6. What does your best friend do? ___________________________________

7. What time does the supermarket close?___________________________________

8. What time does the class begin? ___________________________________

NOW, MAKE QUESTIONS TO THESE ANSWERS:

1. __________________________________________________________? Yes, he does.

2. __________________________________________________________? Yes, I do.

3. __________________________________________________________? No, she doesn’t.

4. __________________________________________________________? They eat at a restaurant.

5. __________________________________________________________? It costs $20.

6. __________________________________________________________? It opens at 9:00 p.m.

7. __________________________________________________________? No, he doesn’t.

8. __________________________________________________________? He brings the soda and the peanuts.

9. __________________________________________________________? No, I don’t.

10. _________________________________________________________? She reads romantic novels.

TO BE

I COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE VERB TO BE:

7. I ________ not a manager, I ________ a secretary.8. My sister ________ in her office now, but she ________ coming back in a

few minutes.

9. Tim and I ________ in a party now. Where ________ my brother?10. ________ your parents from Italy? “No, they ________ from Chile.”11. Sue ________ not in Santiago, she ________ in Valdivia now.12. We ________ good friends, but he ________ a difficult person.

II ANSWER QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB TO BE:

1. What’s your middle name? ___________________________________________2. Are you a dentist? ___________________________________________14. How old is your sister?

___________________________________________15. Is Mel Gibson a clerk?

__________________________________________

16. Where is Madonna from? ___________________________________________

17. What do you do? ___________________________________________

18. Are U2 from Spain? __________________________________________

19. What is your teacher’s name? ___________________________________________

20. Are we students? ___________________________________________

21. Is Ricardo Lagos a sales manager? ___________________________________________

III MAKE QUESTIONS TO THESE ANSWERS:

11. ______________________________________? I’m a lawyer.12. ______________________________________? My last name is Turner.13. ______________________________________? Yes, I am.14. ______________________________________? No, she isn’t.15. ______________________________________? She is eighteen years

old.16. ______________________________________? I’m thirty six years old.17. ______________________________________? Yes, he is.18. ______________________________________? They are from England.19. ______________________________________? No, he isn’t a doctor.20. _____________________________________? His first name is Tom.

TRANSLATION EXERCISES

TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING YOUR OWN ENGLISH (not literally):

1. ¿Dónde vas?

2. ¿A que hora vas a llegar?

3. ¿Cuándo dan la película?

4. ¿Estás bien?

5. Me voy temprano a casa. Tengo que ver a una amiga

6. ¿Dónde almuerzas todos los días?

7. ¿Estás en casa?

8. Santiago tiene muchos lugares bonitos.

9. Es una viaje largo a Viña

10.¿Dónde está tu hermano?. Me llama todas las semanas

11. Mi amiga viene todos los días a mi casa.

12. La reunión es a las 8 de la mañana.

13. ¿ A qué hora empieza la película?

14. ¿Tu jefe es simpaático?

PRESENT SIMPLE

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING present simple:

1. What do you usually do on your day off? ___________________________________________________________________

2. Do you usually drive to work? ___________________________________________________________________

3. What time do you get up every morning?

___________________________________________________________________

4. Does your brother work or study? ___________________________________________________________________

5. How often do you exercise? ___________________________________________________________________

6. What do you usually do after work? ___________________________________________________________________

7. Do you ever watch TV after dinner? ___________________________________________________________________

8. Does your wife/husband do the washing on weekends? ___________________________________________________________________

9. What kind of music do you usually listen to? ___________________________________________________________________

10. Do you like Cristina Aguilera? ___________________________________________________________________

11. What do you think about horror films? ___________________________________________________________________

12. Does your best friend go out with you? ___________________________________________________________________

13. Where do your parents travel every year?

___________________________________________________________________

ASKING QUESTIONS with TO BE / DO/ DOES

2. ___________________________________________________________ ? Yes, I am.

3. ___________________________________________________________ ? They come to Chile every year.

4. ___________________________________________________________ ?No, I don’t.

5. ___________________________________________________________ ? Yes, she does.

6. ___________________________________________________________ ?She has two cars.

7. ___________________________________________________________ ? My sister goes to the gym at 7 pm.

7. ___________________________________________________________ ? No they aren’t.

8. ___________________________________________________________ ? We are lawyers.

9. __________________________________________________________ ? He studies Maths and Chemistry.

11. _________________________________________________________ ? Yes, he is.

11. _________________________________________________________ ? No,I don’t.

12. _________________________________________________________ ? Sue visits her friends every weekend.

13. _________________________________________________________? No, I am not.

14. _________________________________________________________? She is in class every week.

15. _________________________________________________________? No, They don’t.

16. _________________________________________________________? I work for a nice company.

OBJECT PRONOUNS

ME - YOU - HIM - HER - IT (singular)US - YOU - THEM (plural)

We use object pronouns after verbs or prepositions: After verbs: I told him the truth. Paul loves her very much. Did you call them yesterday? After prepositions: I live near her. Shara talked to you, don’t you remember? Will you go with us?

__________________________________________________________________

CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM:

1. I often see (them-they) at the University.

2. I always help (her-she) with (her-she) homework.

3. They went skiing with (his-him).

4. Michael sat near (my-me) during the rehearsal.

5. I know both of (them-their) very well.

6. We teach (you-your) what you need.

8. (He-Him) is a very close friend.

10. He never sits between Andy and (I -me).

11. (Her-His) husband gave (her-his) a lot of jewels.