Listeria Eng

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Listeria

textbookmicrobiology.net

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History

Bacterium monocytogenes(Murray et al 1926)

Listeria hepatolytica(Pirie 1927)

Listeria monocytogenes(Pirie 1940)


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The first human infection description

(Nyfeldt 1929)

In the 1980s it became clear that the disease spreads

contaminated food

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Taxonomy

Listeria include firmikuuttien fyylaan

(BXIII) Bacillales sect

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Listeriosis 7 species

L.monocytogenes

L.innocua


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L.Ivanov

L.murrayi

L.Seeliger

L.welshmeri

L.grayi

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L. monocytogenes

Gram-positive

catalase

short rod

moves in a circular motion at 25 C but not at 37 C

beta-hemolytic

ramnoosipositiivinen

ksyloosinegatiivinen

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Serotyping


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Agglutination with specific antisera

(either whole cell serum or flagellaseerumi)

serogroup 4 (1/2, 3, 4 and 7)

serovar 13 (Flagellaarisilla antiserum)

The most common 1 / 2a, 1 / 2b 4b

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Listeriosis

Serious infections (invasive)

Bowel Symptoms(non-invasive food poisoning)

A local skin infection

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-People Sensitive YOPI


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Listeriosis

Young

Old

Pregnant

Immunicompromised

Meningitis / severe general infections

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Listeriosis and pregnant

flu like symptoms (fever,

headache and muscle aches)

miscarriage

premature birth

infection in the newborn


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Listeriosis mortality

20 to 30%

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Listeriosis and healthy

1 000 000 / gL.monocytogenescan ruassa

cause a febrile stomach disease

or simply a transient suolistokantajuuden

The population of 1-5% is tilapiskantajia


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Listeriosis sources

Many foods

soft cheeses, pates, salads, raw milk,

ice cream, seafood, corn, sausages, can

source is often difficult to figure out because of the disease

The incubation period can be up to months

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RMR and TTR comparison with 2009


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Listeria Cases RMR versus TTR

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0 11 0 0 0

36 45 40 40 34

Dead


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statesThat resulted from contaminated

cantaloupeslinked to Jensen Farms ofHolly,

Colorado.As of November 1, 2011, there have

been 29 deaths and 139 cases from the total CONFIRMED

since the beginning of the first recorded case is

July 31, 2011. [1] It is the worst foodborne

illnessoutbreak in the United States, measured

by the number of deaths, since the Centers for

Disease Prevention and ControlBegan tracking

outbreaks in the 1970s

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Listeriosis concentrations

foods

In general, less than 100 cfu / g

cold-20 600

Homejuustossa 180 000

Butter 11 400

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Where listeria occurs

naturally?

soil
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bodies of water,

In plants,

animals

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Risk Foodstuffs

without heating table grapes

products with a long shelf life and where

Listeria can proliferate

vacuum-packed cold-smoked and

raw pickled fish products

kittipintaiset soft cheeses, mold cheeses

and fresh cheeses

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Listeria studies targeted


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the risk of food

15-25% positive for Listeria vacuum-packed

smoked or fresh-salted fish in

1996-1997

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Listeria makes it difficult

Increases 0-45 C

pH 4.4 to 9.4

anaerobic and aerobic conditions

resistant to salt, up to 25%will increase a further 10%

keeps well frozen or dried

foods

forms a resistant biofilms


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Fortunately, the Listeria can not stand

heat

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Listeria Monitoring and thresholds

Under the law,L.monocytogenes

may not be detectable from pasteurized

milk and milk products (GEN

directive 92/46 / EC, 1992)

Meat and fish products not legal

The EU limit values, but to hand the limit values

vary from country to country 0-100 cfu / g


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Council directive 92/46 / EC, 1992

The plant processes animal products

food must be taken

self-monitoring system

Listeria samples of products and

the production environment

municipal control authority, approved and

controlled (control + random samples)

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Listeria farming methods

Clinical samples-verimaljalle

Food samples require treatment and

a selective medium


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. Mol Microbiol2009 Jul 73 (2): 306-22.Epub 2009 Jun 23.

Listeria monocytogenes L-forms RESPOND to cell wall deficiency by modifying gene expression

and the mode of division.

Dell'Era S,Buchrieser C,Couve E,Schnell B,Briers Y,Schuppler M,Loessner MJ.

Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Abstract

Cell wall-deficient bacteria Referred to as L-forms have lost the ability to your to maintain or build a rigid

peptidoglycan envelope. We have generated stable, non-reverting L-form variants of the Gram

positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, and Studied the cellular and molecular changes associated

with this transition. Stable L-form cells can occur as small protoplasts are-like vesicles and as

multinucleated, large bodies. They have lost the thick, multilayered murein sacculus and are

surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane only, although peptidoglycan precursors are still produced.

While they lack murein-associated molecules Including Internal A membrane-anchored proteins

such as internal B are of retained. Surprisingly, L-forms were found to be able to divide and propagate

Indefinitely without a wall. Time-lapse microscopy of fluorescently labeled L-forms Indicated a

switch to a novel form of cell division, the where genome-containing membrane vesicles are first-Formed

within enlarged L-forms, and subsequently released by collapse of the mother cell. Array-based

transcriptomics of parent and L-form cells Revealed manifold differences in expression of genes

associated with morphological and physiological functions. The L-forms feature downregulated

metabolic functions correlating with the dramatic shift in the surface to volume ratio, Whereas

upregulation of stress genes reflects the Difficulties in adapting to this unusual, cell wall-deficient

lifestyle.

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PFGE


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Listeria Eng