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LITHUANIAN CAMPAIGNS FOR ADDRESSING THE ENERGY

CRUNCH

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Contents:

1. Solar Energy………………………………………………………………………32. Conservation in TV programme ‘Gamtos patruliai’………………………………53. Waste Collection and Management in JSC Zalvaris………………………………74. Biofuel Production………………………………………………………………...95. Meeting with the City Mayor……………………………………………………..116. National Energy (Energy Independence) Strategy..................................................137. Energy Saving in Petro Armino Secondary School.................................................158. Renewable Energy Policy in Lithuania……………………………………………179. The Housing Advisory Agency................................................................................2010. Wind Power………………………………………………………………………..22

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Ugnė Savukaitytė, Toma Žukauskaitė, Greta Levanaitė, Agnė ŽemaitytėSubject: Solar EnergyDate: 17-01-2011

IntroductionThe aim of this report is to present Lithuanian JSC ‘Saules energija’, to describe its aims and activities, and to show its importance to our environment.

Name of the CompanyJSC ‘Saules energija’ (Solar Energy) was established in 1991.

Objectives of the CompanyLab personnel of Semiconductor Physics Institute in Vilnius, seeking to implement their research of many years in practice, established the enterprise.

Activities- Since 1991 JSC ‘Saules energija’ designs, outfits and supervises photovoltaic as well as

hybrid small-scale solar-wind power stations. Demonstrational power stations of this kind are outfitted in Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Kaunas University of Technology, Šiauliai University as well as in the number of high schools. Their production is included into recommended list of means for teaching approved by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Lithuania.

- JSC „Saulės energija” produces: Stationary PV modules for small-scale power sources, Mobile PV modules for feeding of electronic devices, Light mobile PV batteries, Solar batteries for charging of mobile telephones, Solar batteries for tourists and servicemen,

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Metrological PV cells.

- The main service of the company JSC “Saulės energija” is installation of small-scale power sources based on renewable energy for various users: for schools, colleges, universities, for homesteads, small farmsteads and summer cottages, for companies and enterprises mostly in remote localities where public electric grid is not available and in other special cases when usage of the standard AC current is not acceptable because of safety or other reasons.

ConclusionWe think that this organisation is useful because it makes and uses alternative sources of energy like solar energy. Furthermore it offers this kind of energy sources to other organisations, and thus save our planet.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Miglė Markauskaitė, Danielė Biskytė, Raminta Mingilevičiūtė, Snaigė ElkinaitėSubject: Conservation in TV programme ‘Gamtos patruliai’Date: 17-01-2011

Introduction

Sometimes we don’t pay attention to where we leave our litter. The aim of this report is to present a TV programme ‘Gamtos patruliai’ which always appear in the right place at the right time with their video camera.

Name of the Programme

TV programme ‘Gamtos patruliai’ (‘Nature Patrols‘).

Objectives of the Programme

‘Gamtos patruliai’ wants to show the importance of preserving our nature.

Activities

TV programme ‘Gamtos patruliai’ shows how to save our environment.

Furthermore they demonstrate how people and organisations damage our nature. There are two hosts in the show who find polluters and try to interview them about the damage they have done. Usually the polluters try to hide because they are filmed.

What is more, ‘Gamtos patruliai’ invites people to participate in various competitions such as ‘The Greenest’, ‘Environmentally Friendliest’.

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ConclusionThis TV show is fine not only just because you can spend enjoyable time watching TV, but also because the whole country can see who are those nature polluters and how they are punished.

To sum up, the TV show ‘Gamtos patruliai’ encourages us to take a better care of our environment.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Eimantas Kriščiūnas, Monika Čerkauskaitė, Agnė DranginytėSubject: Waste Collection and Management in JSC ZalvarisDate: 17-01-2011

IntroductionThe aim of this report is to present Lithuanian waste collection and management company JSC Zalvaris, to describe its aims and activities, and to show its importance to our environment.

Name of the CompanyJSC Zalvaris is one of the largest waste collection and management companies in Lithuania operating since 1965.

Objectives of the CompanyThe company believes that all generated hazardous and non-hazardous waste can be collected and handled. The aim of the company is to ensure that functioning of their waste collection system is effective and that they are able to collect the largest quantities of waste which would later be converted into valuable raw materials.

Activities- JSC Zalvaris is engaged in collection, sorting, recycling and export of hazardous waste

(used accumulators, filters of dampers, lubricants, fuel, air intake, used oils, etc.), recyclable waste (metal and plastic packaging), galvanic elements, waste electrical and electronic equipment, non-ferrous and ferrous scrap metals and their alloys.

- More than 150 employees provide environmental and waste management consultations and services to customers almost in all cities of Lithuania.

- The largest branch of Zalvaris – Atliekų utilizavimo centras (Waste Recovery Centre) – collects and recycles part of waste collected from customers and also during regional campaigns.

- In looking for best waste management and environmental solutions the Company cooperates with many companies of the waste collection and management sector (engaged in waste

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collection, management/recycling, as well as production and consulting activities) in the EU Member States, USA and Asian countries.

- All collected waste is safely managed or recycled obtaining from recycled waste materials reused in the manufacturing of different equipment and items resulting in reduction of environmental pollution and saving of natural resources.

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ConclusionWe believe this organization is good for the environment, for people and our country. We wish that this company were a lifetime as long as possible.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Ieva Markelytė, Eglė Puškoriūtė, Raminta Straleckaitė, Sonata Šnirpūnaitė, Saulius Inkratas, Žygimantas SurvilaSubject: Biofuel ProductionDate: 17-01-2011

IntroductionEuropean countries have increasingly begun to use their own energy resources – biofuels – for the production of renewable energy. The aim of this report is to survey the organisation ‘Bionovus’ which produces biofuel, to describe its aims and activities, and to show its importance to our environment.

Name of the CompanyBionovus is a biofuel production and ecology business company, preparing renewable energy sources for effective use and developing other large scale ecological projects.

Objectives of the CompanyThe the main objective is to develop an advanced environmental business.

Activities- Bionovus is a biofuel production and ecology business company, preparing renewable

energy sources for effective use and developing other large scale ecological projects. - Bionovus is actively engaged in the development of different types of biofuel resources.- Secondary raw material collection and processing plays an important role in Bionovus

activities. One third of the municipal waste and more than half of the construction waste collected by Bionovus by the company's efforts is turned into useful raw material, suitable for recycling.

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ConclusionWe think this organization is very useful for the environment and for our country. The use of biofuel resources not only benefits the countries’ economies and ensures energy independence, but also does not harm the environment - when the local fuel is used, pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions produced during the combustion process are reduced.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Ignas PetraitisSubject: Meeting with the City MayorDate: 5th January,2011

1. IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to survey the current situation of energy saving in Marijampolė city and find out the ways the municipality tries to save the energy.

2.Visit to the city mayorComenius multilateral school partnership project "Addressing the Energy Crunch: Every Little Action Counts' participants 8b grade students with an English teacher at Edita Grubienė visited Marijampole municipality and interviewed the mayor Mr V.Brazys about the energy efficiency in Marijampole municipality.

3. The discussed issuesStudents wanted to find out how many schools and kindergartens are being renovated, or planned to be renovated; they were interested in the energy savings while illuminating the streets, if alternative energy sources are used in the city, what is the further fate of the sorted waste.

4. The measures takenThe mayor declared that economic crisis didn't affect Marijampole water and energy prices so much, but still it affected individual people.The city government tries to save the energy in different ways. First of all, the 85% of the street lamps are being changed into energy saving light bulbs. They save about 30% all consumed energy. Every office and all business companies as well as town people are encouraged to save electricity while having day and night electricity meters. Second, two schools are already newly renovated and

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more are going to be renovated in the coming years. Third, the city uses the alternative sources of energy that is biofuel to provide city heating and hot water. During the summer period they almost use only biofuel. There is a plan to build a biofuel plant in the old rubbish dump place of the city and start to produce biofuel or even electricity. This should reduce the waste disposal fee for the citizens. Now the city sorts rubbish and throws it away into three kinds of different containers: for glass, plastic, paper and other kind of rubbish. Later glass and plastic is sold, mainly abroad and reused again.Moreover, the city municipality wants to get a support of 26 million Euros from European fund in order to build a plant for drying the silt of our river Šešupė, later it would be used for heating houses.

5. ConclusionTo sum up, this report has presented different means of saving energy by Marijampolės municipality and encouraged us all start saving energy at school and at home.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Aurimas Sotkevičius, Edvinas Liudvinavičius, Robertas Rudvalis, Paulius SenkaitisSubject: Subject: National Energy (Energy Independence) StrategyDate:14 January,2011

1.Introduction

The aim of this report is to define the main objectives of the Lithuanian state in the energy sector, setting national targets for implementation of strategic initiatives through the years 2020, 2030 and 2050.

2.Executive Summary

It says that Lithuania, like many other countries in Europe is facing challenges in the energy sector on three main dimensions: energy independence, competitiveness and sustainability.

Most of fuel resources used in Lithuania are imported. After the shutdown of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), the country is not able to satisfy its internal electricity demand.

3. Lithuanian energy sector 2010–2020

In order for Lithuania to become a fully-fledged member of the European Union (henceforth – EU), Lithuanian energy sector should be entirely integrated into the European energy system. The country must have sufficient capacity to satisfy internal energy demand and, with regard to energy related questions, should be able to flexibly and effectively cooperate with the EU and other countries.

2020 Lithuania will reduce CO2 emissions by 23% (compared to 2008).

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In 2020 Lithuanian energy sector will be fully independent of energy supply from a single source. Electricity demand will be covered by using the new nuclear power plant in Visaginas and production from renewable energy sources. In addition to diversified imports of oil and oil products though Klaipėdos nafta, supply of natural gas will be diversified through the LNG terminal. Strategic initiatives that will bring energy independence will cost 11–17 billion LTL for the Government. Additional 18–24 billion LTL will be attracted from private investors. The investment will yield annual savings of 3–4 billion LTL (3–4% of Lithuanian GDP), which are currently spent on imported energy resources. What is more, after implementation of the strategic 6

projects the country will benefit from a reliable energy supply and more stable energy prices. Each household will on average save 500 LTL per year on heating costs alone. 5–6 thousand permanent work places will be created. The investment will also stimulate construction and services sectors

4.Lithuanian Energy Sector through 2050

In the period through 2050, Lithuania will progressively move towards a fully sustainable, carbon free economy. Electricity will be produced by nuclear power and renewable energy sources, with focus on decentralized generation. Centrally supplied heat will be produced only from renewable energy sources.

The country will increase the efficiency of energy consumption. New breakthrough technologies are expected to be developed in the period though 2050. In order to timely react to the technological development and make good use of new technologies, Lithuania will promote its own capabilities and competences, mainly in the nuclear power management and energy production from renewable energy sources. The country will monitor existing technologies, and support their implementation in the sector once they become economically viable, so that Lithuania can become a regional hub in modernization of energy space.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Brigita Sandaitė, Karolina RainytėSubject: Energy Saving in Petro Armino Secondary SchoolDate: 14 January,2011

1. Introduction

The aim of this report is to find out how our school saves energy and propose possible effective means how to do it. We have interviewed the school headmaster Raimundas Valiukas and found out the following things.

2. Main problems

Though our school is one of the most energy saving concerned schools in the city, we still have such problems as overusing electricity in the school canteen. Most of the equipment is old, that's why the future goal is to modernise it.

3. The measures taken

All schools‘old windows and outside doors have been changed into modern plastic ones. When students are on holiday, the school reduces heating to the minimum. The school is concerned about changing old electricity bulbs into the energy saving ones. Teachers turn off the light in the classrooms during the break periods. The light is turned off in the corridors during the lessons. Every light switch as well as computers and other electricity appliances have a sticker “Turn off if you can”. It makes everybody to pay attention to the energy saving.

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4. The headmaster suggests

The school director suggests all teachers and pupils to turn off unnecessary or useless devices which use energy, not to leave opened windows for too long in winter, take care of the textbooks and other school equipment.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’Subject: Renewable Energy Policy in LithuaniaDate: 7th January,2011Student: Laura Bindokaitė, Evelina Gavėnaitė

1. IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to survey the renewable energy policy in Lithuania.

2.Key factors influencing the energy sector in Lithuania In 2007, the share of oil represented 29.2% of the national balance of primary energy resources, natural gas was 30.9%, and nuclear energy 26.1% In 2007, around 70% of the total domestic electricity production was generated by the Ignalina nuclear power plant (about 21% by thermal power plants). However, this situation will change as one of the two nuclear reactors has closed and the second was closed in 2009. The following key factors influence the energy sector in Lithuania: prevalence of import of primary energy resources from Russia as well as absence of interconnections with Western European energy systems and the decommissioning of the Ignalina NPP in 2009.

3. The renewable energy sources In Lithuania the main installations for heat production from renewable energy sources (RES-H) are biomass (wood, chips, wood waste, straw and biogas). Hydro is the main renewable energy source for power production. However, last year, the use of wind energy and biomass in CHP for power production increased. About 75% of residential buildings in Lithuania’s towns are supplied through district heating systems. In 2007, Lithuania imported 3 900 tonnes bioethanol and 30 200 tonnes of biodiesel; produced 25 600 tonnes of bio-ETBE (containing 47% bioethanol). In 2007 Lithuania consumed 78 700 tonnes of biofuels. About 75% of residential buildings in Lithuania’s towns are supplied through district heating systems. In 2007, Lithuania imported 3 900 tonnes bioethanol and 30 200 tonnes of biodiesel; produced 25 600 tonnes of bio-ETBE (containing 47% bioethanol). In 2007 Lithuania consumed 78 700 tonnes of biofuels.

4. Mandatory targets set by the Directive on the Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.

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23% share of RES on the final consumption of energy in 2020. At least 10% share of renewable energy in final consumption of energy in transport by 2020.

5. Indicative Target set by the RES- electricity European Directive from 2012 7% share of RES on gross electricity consumption by 2010.

6. Indicative Target set by the European Biofuels Directive from 2033 Biofuels consumption of 5.75% of petrol and diesel use for transport in 2010.

7. Conclusion. National Commitments. The National Energy Strategy adopted in January 2007set the main targets: RES must be 20% in the primary energy balance by 2025. Increase the share of RES in primary energy balance by 1.5% each year until 2012. To increase the share of biofuels (for transport) up to 15% by 2020 and 20% by 2025.

Structure of gross inland energy consumption in 2007

Structure of RE Sources in gross inland consumption 2007

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Lukas KvietkauskasSubject: The Housing Advisory AgencyDate: 17th January,2011

1. IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to survey the current situation of the heating efficiency and energy use in apartments.

2. The Housing Advisory Company

This project is aimed to raise awareness and capacity among apartment owners , municipalities, home owner associations, and housing maintenance companies about techniques for improving the heating efficiency and energy use in apartments .

3. Implementation

The Housing Advisory Agency focused its activities in the six largest cities in Lithuania. In each city, it organized seminars and training sessions for apartment owners and home owner associations , municipalities , and housing maintenance companies on energy management techniques.

4. TechnologyThe educational programmes and the energy management software address heat energy use efficiency.They outline ways to measure heating energy use and suggest ways to improve it. Heat lost through transmission, poor wall, roof and floor insulation, ventilation shafts, windows and inefficient water heating can be measured through this software. The software requests certain information about building construction and materials and equipment used, and then uses formulas to calculate heat usage and preparing plans for future heating seasons.The program is written in

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Excel, and can be used to estimate potential savings from certain investments. It also generates certificates for apartment buildings to indicate their degree of energy efficiency.

5. BeneficiariesThis project benefits residents of multi-apartment buildings in Lithuania,helping them to save money on their energy bills and also enjoy improved temperature control in their homes. In addition, municipalities are beneficiaries,since they are involved in energy management for some apartment buildings, and are also responsible for subsidizing the energy bills of those families who cannot afford to pay them.

6. ConclusionThe Housing Advisory Agency has been successful in its support for homeowner associations,which are critical to the implementation of energy management techniques in many apartment buildings.The project has resulted in an increased number of homeowner associations,and the Housing Advisory Agency intends to monitor the results of the energy manage-ment techniques that they implement. The Housing Advisory Agency is now seeking to scale up its efforts from the six largest cities to 20 other smaller Lithuanian cities.

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To: Comenius project ‘Addressing the Energy Crunch – Every Little Action Counts’From: Edvinas Rutkauskas, Ignas Bradauskas, Karolis Senkaitis, Edvinas BarkauskasSubject: Wind PowerDate: 2011-01-17

Current situationTo improve environmental conditions in many West European countries (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and others) wind energy is already widely used. In up-to-date power plants wind energy is transformed into electricity, which is used for domestic needs and its surplus is supplied to the network. In 1991 The Closed Joint Stock Company "Vejas" designed the first wind plant in Lithuania, which was built in the Prienai district. Later the Closed Joint Stock Company "Jegaine" was founded, which continued this activity. Several power facilities were designed each being of 60 kW range, one of these was built in Kaunas. In the Klaipeda district one power plant was built, which was designed by the staff of the Klaipeda Technical University. Not all plants could work quite successfully, a series of technical problems have arisen concerning wind power efficiency, operational reliability and other issues. Solution of these problems requires investigations of wind energy climatic aspects, data on the wind energy distribution depending on wind velocity profiles and other data. These issues arc successfully dealt with in Denmark, Germany, Austria and other countries. No such investigations were initiated earlier in our country.     Wind energy resources Wind energy resources and possibilities of their utilization are very specific for various countries, therefore, experiences of separate countries can not be mechanically transferred into our country for application. Even on the scale of Lithuania the universal way, applicable for all regions equally, is absent. It depends on local natural conditions, on energy infrastructure development level of the region, on population demand for energy resources and a series of other factors. Implementing wind energy is associated with great investments; therefore wind power utilization may be initiated only after thorough scientific and economic investigations.     Main objectivesInitial wind energy resources evaluation was carried out in Lithuania, as the first step of utilization, their calculation methods were developed using long year meteorological data supplied by the meteorological stations. The investigation show, that wind energy may be used in our country and it is feasible. However, solving there issues requires fundamental research to ensure efficient operation of wind power plants and reliability of structures in air flow. Before wind turbines building begins, measurements of wind energy parameters must be carried out using special instrumentation lasting not less than 6 to 12 months as required by legal regulations. It allows suitable choice of wind power facilities, preparing optimal operation regime and timetables, forecasting power generation and evaluation of economic indicators.In addition, it is necessary to examine variation of wind parameters, wind gust forming wind

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velocity profiles, taking into account unevenness of surrounding grounds and level of building areas over, and wind flow formation behind the natural and urban obstacles.ConclusionUp-to-date technologies must be used for development of wind power in Lithuania, databases must be compiled, analysis of engineering and economic indicators of wind power installations, must be carried out to evaluate locality conditions and to prepare strategy of building wind power plants. In table there are following works must be carried out for implementation of the program.