LOUSSAPATZ 865 2010 12 18

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ºñ»õ³ÝÇ Ø¿ç Î³Û³ó³õ §ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý Ú³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÇõÝÁ,

Ï³ÝË³ñ·»ÉáõÙ, ¹³ï³å³ñïáõÙ »õ Ñ»ï»õ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ¦ Ëáñ³·ÇñÁ ÏñáÕ ·Çï³ÅáÕáíª ¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ 14-15, 2010

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ÂÆô 865 - Þ²´²Â, 18 ¸ºÎîºØ´ºð 2010

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òºÔ²êä²ÜàôÂº²Ü ìºð²´ºðº²È ØÆæ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ ¶Æî²ÄàÔàì ºðºô²ÜÆ Ø¾æ

ºñ»ùß³µÃÇ, ¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ 14-ÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ²ñï³ùÇÝ ¶áñÍáó Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃ»³Ý Ï³½Ù³-

Ï»ñåáõÃ»³Ùµ, ºñ»õ³ÝÇ Ù¿ç ëÏë³õ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É »ñÏûñ»³Û ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÁ:

¶Çï³ÅáÕáíÇ µ³óáõÙÁ Ï³ï³ñ»Éáí Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ·áñÍáÕ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³Ý Áë³õ. - ¦Ü³ËÏÇÝáõÙ Çñ³·áñÍáõ³Í ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ í³ñ-ã³Ï³½Ù»ñÇ áõ å»ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ýå³ïÇÅ ÙÝ³Éáõ, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝñáõÃ»³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ã¹³ï³-å³ñïáõ»Éáõ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ Û³Ý·»óñ»É »Ý Ýñ³Ý, áñ Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ ¹»é»õë µ³ËõáõÙ ¿ Ýáñ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ëå³éÝ³ÉÇùÇ Ñ»ï§:

¦Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ¹³éÁ ¹³ë»ñÁ Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃ»³Ý å³ïÙáõÃ»³Ý »õ ÛÇßáÕáõÃ»³Ý Ù¿ç ãÙÝ³óÇÝ áñå¿ë ÉáÏ ³Ýó»³ÉÇ Ûáõß»ñ, ¹ñ³Ýó Éñ³óÝ»Éáõ »Ï³Ý ÐáÉáùáëÃÇ ë³ñë³÷Ý»ñÁ, èáõ³Ýï³ÛÇ, î³ñýáõñÇ »õ µ³½Ù³ÃÇõ ³ÛÉ áÕµ»ñ·áõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ: ò³õûù, ÅËïáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ áõ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý áõñ³óáõÙÁ ¹»é»õë ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ »Ý ï»Õ ·ïÝ»É Ù»ñ ³ßË³ñÑáõÙ§, - ³õ»É-óáõó ³Ý:

Æñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍáó Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ¾¹áõ³ñ¹ Ü³Éµ³Ý¹»³Ý Û³ÛïÝ»ó, áñ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï 20-ñ¹ ¹³ñáõ »ñÏñáñ¹ Ï¿ë¿Ý ëÏë»³É ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÇõÝÁ áñáß Û³é³çÁÝÃ³ó ³ñÓ³Ý³·ñ»ó ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ï³ÝË³ñ·»ÉÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý Ï³Ù ³Ýáñ ëå³éÝ³ÉÇùÇ ÏñÏÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ¦ßñçáõ³Í ã¿ Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃ»³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ§:

¦ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÅËïáõÙÁ, ³Ýå³ïÅ»ÉÇáõÃÇõÝÁ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ »Ý Ñ³ñÃáõÙ Ù³ñ¹Ïáõ-Ã»³Ý ¹¿Ù Ýáñ Û³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏñÏÝáõÃ»³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ÝÏ³Ë ³ßË³ñÑ³ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù ³ÛÉ ß³Ñ»ñÇó‘ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ ÙÇ³ëÝ³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝÇ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ¹³ï³-å³ñïÙ³Ý, Ï³ÝË³ñ·»ÉÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ: ²Ûë ÙÇ³ëÝ³Ï³ÝáõÃ»³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃ»³Ý Ñ»ï»õ³Ýùáí ¿, áñ Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ ³Ï³Ý³ï»ë ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ýáñ ÷áñÓ»ñÇ§, - Áë³õ Ü³Éµ³Ý¹»³Ý:

¦²½³ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é³ïÇáÏ³Û³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ½ñáõó»Éáí ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÇ Ù³ëÝ³ÏóáÕ ø³ÉÇýáñÝÇáÛ Èáë ²Ý×»ÉÁëÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ (UCLA) ÷ñáý»ëáñ èÇãÁñï ÚáíÑ³ÝÝÇë»³Ý Ï³ñÍÇù Û³ÛïÝ³Í ¿ áñ, áñ Ñ³Û-Ãñù³Ï³Ý Û³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ÝáñÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ Ó³ËáÕáõÙ¿Ý Û»ïáÛ, å³ßïûÝ³Ï³Ý ºñ»õ³ÝÁ Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÷³ëïÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý ·áñÍÇÝ Ù¿ç ÷áË³Í ¿ Çñ Ùûï»óáõÙÁ »õ Ï³ñÍ»ë Ã¿, ³õ»ÉÇ í×é³Ï³Ý ¹³ñÓ³Í ¿:

ºñáõë³Õ¿ÙÇ Ù¿ç ·ïÝáõáÕ ÐáÉáùáëïÇ »õ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÇ ïÝûñ¿Ý Æëñ³Û¿É â³éÝÇÝ Çñ Ï³ñ·ÇÝ Áë³Í ¿ áñ, áñ Æëñ³Û¿É ãÇ ×³ÝãÝ³ñ Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ¦»ñÏñÇ Ù¿Ï Ù³ëÁ ß³ï µ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ¿, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ÙÇõë Ñ³ïáõ³ÍÁ Ñ³ßáõ»ÝÏ³ï ¿ »õ ÏÁ Ó·ïÇ Ñ³ë-Ý»É Çñ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáõÝ§:

¦Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóÁ ãå¿ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý³Û áñ»õ¿ Ý³Ë³å³ÛÙ³Ý, »õ ³Ûë Ùûï»óÙ³Ùµ »ë ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ã»Ù: àõñ³ËáõÃ»³Ùµ å¿ïù ¿ Áë»Ù, áñ [Æëñ³Û¿ÉÇ Ù¿ç Ð³Ûáó ò»-Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáí] Ùß³ÏáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ³éáõÙáí Ù»Ýù Û³ÕÃ³Í »Ýù ×³Ï³ï³Ù³ñ-ïÁ: Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ³ÙµáÕç ËáñáõÃ»³Ùµ »õ É³ÛÝûñ¿Ý ×³Ý³ãáõ³Í ¿ Çëñ³Û¿É³óÇÝ»-ñáõ ÏáÕÙ¿: ºë ã»Ù ÏñÝ³ñ Áë»É, áñ [Çëñ³Û¿É»³Ý] Ã»ñÃ»ñáõ, Ñ³Ý¹¿ëÝ»ñáõ, é³ïÇáÏ³Û³ÝÝ»ñáõ, Ñ»éáõëï³ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ »õ ýÇÉÙ»ñáõ Ù¿ç ³éÏ³Û ¿ Éáõñç Ñ»ñùáõÙ: ºÕ³Í »Ý, ÇÑ³ñÏ¿, ÝÙ³Ý ¹¿åù»ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³ÝáÝù ß³ï Ñ³½áõ³¹¿å »Ý: Øß³ÏáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ³éáõÙáí Ù»Ýù Û³ÕÃ³Í »Ýù, ë³-Ï³ÛÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ³éáõÙáí Ù»Ýù å³ñïáõ³Í »Ýù§, - Áë³Í ¿ â³éÝÇ:

Ú³ÛïÝÇ Ãáõñù å³ïÙ³µ³Ý Â³Ý¿ñ ²ùã³Ù, áñ 1970-³Ï³Ý Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ¿Ý ëÏë»³É, ù³-Õ³ù³Ï³Ý å³ï×³éÝ»ñáí Ñ»é³ó³Í ¿ ÂáõñùÇ³Û¿Ý »õ Ý»ñÏ³ÛÇë ÏÁ ¹³ë³Ëûë¿ ²Ù»ñÇÏ³ÛÇ Ù¿ç, Áë³Í ¿ áñ, ÂáõñùÇ³ ³ÝóáõÙ ÏÁ Ï³ï³ñ¿ µéÝ³å»ï³Ï³Ý é»ÅÇÙ¿Ý ¹¿åÇ ³õ»ÉÇ µ³ó‘ ¹»ÙáÏ-ñ³ï³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·, »õ ÇÝù ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝ Ïÿ³ÏÝÏ³É¿ Ý³»õ å³ïÙáõÃÇõÝÁ ÁÝ¹áõÝ»Éáõ ³éáõ-Ùáí:

ØÆ²òº²È Ü²Ð²Ü¶Üºðàô ¸²ÞÜ²Îò²ÚÆÜ ¸²î²ð²ÜÀ ´ºÎ²Üºò òºÔ²êä²ÜàôÂº²Ü Ø²êÆÜ Æð Ü²ÊÎÆÜ àðàÞàôØÀ

¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ 10-ÇÝ ØÇ³ó»³É Ü³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñáõ ¹³ßÝ³Ïó³ÛÇÝ í»ñ³ùÝÝÇã ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÁ ÷áË»-Éáí Çñ Ý³ËÏÇÝ áñáßáõÙÁ »Ï³õ Ñ³ëï³ï»Éáõ Ã¿, úëÙ³Ý»³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝÇÝ ÂáõñùÇáÛ Ù¿ç Ç ·áñÍ ¹ñáõ³Í Ð³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ½áÑ»ñáõ Å³é³Ý·áñ¹Ý»ñÁ Çñ³õáõÝù áõÝÇÝ Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ ëï³Ý³Éáõ ³ÛÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ¿Ý, áñáÝù Çñ»Ýó Ñ³ñ³½³ïÝ»ñáõÝ í³×³é³Í »Ý Ï»³ÝùÇ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÃÇõÝ:

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ØÇ³ó»³É Ü³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñáõ 9-ñ¹ ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ í»ñ³ùÝÝÇã ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÁ, áñáõ Ï»¹ñáÝÝ ¿ ê³Ý üñ³ÝëÇëùû ù³Õ³ùÁ, í×é»ó, áñ ø³ÉÇýáñÝÇ³ Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ç ûñ¿ÝùÁª Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý Ù³-ëÇÝ, ãÇ Ñ³Ï³ë»ñ ²Ù»ñÇÏ³ÛÇ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃ»³Ý:

²Ýó»³É ï³ñÇ ÝáÛÝ ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÁ áñáß³Í ¿ñ, áñ ØÇ³ó»³É Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñáõ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÇõÝÁ å³ßïûÝ³å¿ë ã¿ ×³Ýãó³Í ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝ »õ Ñ»ï»õ³µ³ñ, ø³ÉÇýáñÝÇáÛ Ý³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ ûñ¿ÝùÁ, áñ 1915-Ç ¹¿åù»ñ ÏÁ ÝÏ³ï¿ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝ, ÏÁ Ñ³Ï³ë¿ ¹³ßÝ³Ïó³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³-ñáõÃ»³Ý ³ñï³ùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃ»³Ý:

¸³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³Ûë Ýáñ áñáßáõÙÁ ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É ¿ñ ÝáÛÝÇëÏ Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÇ ÷³ëï³µ³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ¦Î³ï³ñáõ³ÍÁ ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ¿ñ: Ð³Û ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ç Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù»Í Û³ÕÃ³Ý³Ï ¿§,- Û³Ûï³-ñ³ñ»ó ÷³ëï³µ³Ý äñ³ÛÁÝ ø³µ³Ã¿ù:

Æñ Ýáñ áñáßáõÙÇÝ Ù¿ç ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÁ Ïáõ ·³Û »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»Éáõ áñ, ãÏ³Û Ûëï³Ï ÁÝ¹·Íáõ³Í ¸³ßÝ³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÇõÝ, áñ Ïÿ³ñ·ÇÉ¿ Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñáõÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ¦Ð³Ûáó ò»Õ³ë-å³ÝáõÃÇõÝ§ »½ñÁ:

¸³ï³ñ³ÝÁ Ý³»õ áñáß³Í ¿, áñ ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ÏñÏÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ÏñÝ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É ¹³ï³ñ³Ý »õ ÉëáõÙÝ»ñ å³Ñ³Ýç»É ÝáÛÝ ³Ûë Ñ³Ûóáí: ²ÝáÝù ÏñÝ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É Ý³»õ ØÇ³ó-»³É Ü³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñáõ ¶»ñ³·áÛÝ ¸³ï³ñ³Ý:

¸³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³Ûë áñáßáõÙáí ÏÁ í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³Ý³Û ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ½áÑ»ñáõ Å³é³Ý-·áñ¹Ý»ñáõ ¹³ïÁª ÁÝ¹¹¿Ù ·»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

ì»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñáõÝ, ËáõÙµ ÙÁ Ð³Û ÷³ëï³µ³ÝÝ»ñ ÝÙ³Ý ¹³ï»ñ µ³ó³Í ¿ÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇÏ»³Ý ¦ÜÇõ ºáñù È³Ûý§ »õ üñ³Ýë³Ï³Ý ¦²ùë³§ ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ ¹¿Ù »õ Û³çá-Õ³Í ¿ÇÝ ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ½áÑ»ñáõ Çñ³õ³Û³çáñ¹Ý»ñáõÝ ³å³Ñáí»Éª 37,5 ÙÉÝ ïáÉ³ñÇ Ñ³-ïáõóáõÙ:

îºÔ²Î²Ü Ðºî²¼úîàôÂº²Ü Ð²Ø²Ò²ÚÜ Ð²Ú²êî²ÜÆ Èð²îàô²ØÆæàòÜºðÀ ØÆ²ÚÜ Ø²ê²Ø´ ²¼²î ºÜ

ÊûëùÇ ²½³ïáõÃ»³Ý ä³ßïå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÎáÙÇï¿Ç Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í Ù¿Ï Ñ»ï³½ûïáõÃ»³Ý

Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ½³Ý·áõ³Í³ÛÇÝ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ (¼ÈØ) ÙÇ³ÛÝ Ù³ë³Ùµ ³½³ï »Ý: ¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ 13-ÇÝ Ï³Û³ó³Í Ù³ÙÉáÛ ³ëáõÉÇëÇ ÙÁ ÁÝÃ³óùÇÝ, ÊûëùÇ ²½³ïáõÃ»³Ý ä³ßï-

å³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÎáÙÇï¿Ç Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ²ßáï Ø»ÉÇù»³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³óáõó, áñ Ñ»ï³½ûïáõÃÇõÝÁ Çñ³-Ï³Ý³óáõ³Í ¿ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Freedom House Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃ»³Ý ÏÇñ³é³Í Ù»Ãáï³µ³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³Û, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Û³ñÙ³ñ»óáõ³Í Ñ³Û³ëï³Ý»³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ:

Freedom House-Ç Ñ»ï³½ûïáõÃÇõÝÁ ÑÇÙÝáõ³Í ¿ ³ÝÏ³Ë Ù³ëÝ³·¿ïÝ»ñáõ Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñáõ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³Û, ÇëÏ ÊûëùÇ ²½³ïáõÃ»³Ý ä³ßïå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÏáÙÇï¿Ý ¹ÇÙ³Í ¿ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ Ã»õ»ñáõ Û³ñáÕ Ñ³Û³ëï³Ý»³Ý 50 Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñáõ »õ Éñ³·ñáÕ-Ý»ñáõ ï»ë³Ï¿ïÝ»ñáõÝ:

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²Ûë ï³ñáõ ÁÝÃ³óùÇÝ Ññ³å³ñ³Ïáõ³Í Freedom House-Ç ½»ÏáÛóÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, Ð³Û³ë-ï³ÝÇ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ ³½³ïáõÃÇõÝÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõ³Í ¿ñ 66 ÙÇ³õáñ, ÇÝã áñ ÏÁ Ýß³Ý³Ï¿ Ã¿, Ñ³Û³ëï³Ý»³Ý Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ ¹³ëáõÇÝ ¦áã ³½³ï§:

¦Ø»ñ Ñ»ï³½ûïáõÃ»³Ý ïáõ»³ÉÝ»ñáí ³Û¹ ÙÇ³õáñÁ Ï³½Ù»ó 58.64: Ð³Û³ëï³Ý»³Ý Éñ³ï-áõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ Ù³ë³Ùµ ³½³ïÝ»ñÇ »õ áã ³½³ïÝ»ñÇ »½ñ³·ÍÇÝ ·ïÝáõáÕ íÇ×³ÏáõÙ »Ý, ³Û-ëÇÝùÝ ¹»é Ù³ë³Ùµ ³½³ï »Ý, µ³Ûó ß³ï íï³Ý·³õáñ »½ñ³·ÍáõÙ »Ý, Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ³ÝóÝ»É áã ³½³ïÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùÁ‘ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ù»ñ ÷áñÓ³·¿ïÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ§, - Áë³õ ²ßáï Ø»ÉÇù-»³Ý:

Ð»ï³½ûïáõÃ»³Ý ßñç³·ÇÍ¿Ý Ý»ñë, Ñ³Û³ëï³Ý»³Ý Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõóÇã-Ý»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÁ ïáõ³Í »Ý, Ã¿ Çñ³õ³Ï³Ý, ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áõ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³éáõÙ-Ý»ñáí, áñù³Ýáí ³½³ï »Ý Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ: Àëï ³Ù÷á÷áõ³Í Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñáõÝ, Ñ³Û³ëï³Ý-»³Ý Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ ³½³ïáõÃÇõÝÁ ³Ù¿Ý¿Ý ³õ»ÉÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕÁ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý å³ï-×³éÝ»ñÝ »Ý: ºÃ¿ Çñ³õ³Ï³Ý áõ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ³éáõÙÝ»ñáí ¼ÈØ-Ý»ñÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõ³Í »Ý ¦Ù³-ë³Ùµ ³½³ï§, ³å³ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³éáõÙáí‘ ¦áã ³½³ï§:

¦²Û¹ µ»éÁ, áñÇ ï³ÏÇó ã»Ý Ï³ñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ¹áõñë ·³É ß³ï ïå³·Çñ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ, ³Û-ëÇÝùÝ ÇÝùÝáõñáÛÝ ã»Ý Ï³ñáÕ³ÝáõÙ Çñ»Ýó Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÁ å³Ñ»É »õ ß³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³å³õÇ-ÝáõÙ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ëåáÝëáñ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, ¹³ ¿ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³-í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ ¹ñ¹»É, ÑÇÙù ¿ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³ó»É, áñå¿ë½Ç Ýñ³Ýù ³Û¹åÇëÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý ï³Ý§, - Áë³õ Ø»ÉÇù»³Ý:

²ßáï Ø»ÉÇù»³Ý ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³õ Ý³»õ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáõ ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ ³½³ïáõÃÇõÝÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍûÝÝ»ñáõÝ: ¦ø³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ³éáõÙáí ÝáÛÝå¿ë µ³õ³Ï³ÝÇÝ ¹Å·áÑáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ Ï³Ý, ù³ÝÇ áñ ÏÇë³½³ï ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïáõÙ ³ßË³ï»ÉÁ µ³õ³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñ¹ ¿, »õ ÏÇë³³½³ï ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïÁ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÙ ¿, áñ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó íñ³Û ½·áõÙ »Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ: Þ³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ýñ³Ýó Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ µáí³Ý-¹³ÏáõÃÇõÝÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³õáñáõ³Í ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ ³Ûë Ï³Ù ³ÛÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áõÅÇ Ý»ñ³½¹»óáõÃ»³Ùµ§, - Û³ÛïÝ»ó Ø»ÉÇù»³Ý ³õ»ÉóÝ»Éáí, áñ Ã¿»õ ·ñ³ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ù¿ç å³ßïûÝ³å¿ë ³ñ·ÇÉáõ³Í ¿, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ ÏÁ ½·³Ý áñ, ³Û¹ ·ñ³ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝÁ Ï³Û:

¦Ø»ñ µáÉáñ Ý³ËÏÇÝ Ñ»ï³½ûïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ óáÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë, áñ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÁ ëñáõ»ÉÇë ÙÇßï ëñõáõÙ ¿ Ý³»õ Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÁ ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ áÉáñïáõÙ, »õ Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ íñ³Û ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñÝ »Ý ³õ»É³ÝáõÙ: ºÃ¿ Ñ³ßáõÇ ³éÝ»Ýù, áñ ÙÇõë ï³ñÇÝ Ý³ËÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇ ¿, ÇëÏ 2012-Á‘ ÁÝïñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñÇ, ×ÝßáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ³õ»É³Ý³É, »õ ¹³ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³ñï³-óáÉáõ»É Ý³»õ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ§, - Áë³õ ²ßáï Ø»ÉÇù-»³ÝÁ:

ì²ôºð²¶ð²Î²Ü üÆÈØºðàô ÐºÔÆÜ²Î Ø²ÚøÀÈ Ú²Îà´º²Ü Ø²Ð²ò²ô 97 î²ðºÎ²ÜÆÜ

²Ù»ñÇÏ³Ñ³Û µ»Ù³¹ñÇã Ø³ÛùÁÉ Ú³Ïáµ»³Ý, áñáõ å³ïñ³ë-

ï³Í Ùûï 70 í³õ»ñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý »õ áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ýÇÉÙ»ñÁ ³ñÅ³-Ý³ó³Í »Ý ³õ»ÉÇ ù³Ý 160 Ùñó³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõ, Ý»ñ³é»³É »ñÏáõ ¦¾Ù-ÙÇ§ Ùñó³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõ Ã»ÏÝ³ÍáõÃ»³Ý, Ù³Ñ³ó³õ ¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñ 10-ÇÝ, Èáë ²Ý×»ÉÁëÇ Ùûï³Ï³Û Â³áõ½ÁÝï úùë ù³Õ³ùÇÝ Ù¿ç, 97 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³ÏÇÝ:

Ú³Ïáµ»³Ý ºÕ»éÝ¿Ý í»ñ³åñáÕ ¿ñ »õ Çñ ³ÙµáÕç Ï»³ÝùÁ ÝáõÇñ»ó ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý í³õ»ñ³·ñáõÃ»³Ý: ²õ»-ÉÇ ù³Ý 40 ï³ñÇÝ»ñáõ íñ³Û »ñÏ³ñáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝÇÝ, Ú³-Ïáµ»³Ý ÝÏ³ñ³Ñ³Ý»ó Ùûï 400 Ñ³ñó³½ñáÛóÝ»ñª ºÕ»éÝ¿Ý í»-ñ³åñáÕÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï, ³ñËÇõÇ í»ñ³Í»Éáí ³ÝáÝó ³Ï³Ý³ï»ëÇ íÏ³ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûë Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³Ý ³Ûó»É»ó ³ßË³ñÑÇ ï³ñµ»ñ »ñÏÇñÝ»ñ áõ 10 É»½áõÝ»ñáí ÝÏ³ñ³Ñ³Ý»ó ³Û¹ Ñ³ñó³½ñáÛóÝ»ñÁ:

1979 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ø³ÛùÁÉ Ú³Ïáµ»³Ý ÑÇÙÝ»ó Ð³Û üÇÉÙÇ ÐÇÙÝ³ñÏáõÃÇõÝÁ, áñå¿ë ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý »õ Ùß³ÏáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñ-åáõÃÇõÝ, å³ïñ³ëï»Éáí Ñ³ÛáõÃ»³Ý Ï»³ÝùÇÝ ÝáõÇñáõ³Í í³õ»-ñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý Å³å³õ¿ÝÝ»ñ:

ºð¶âàôÐÆ ¾ØØÆÜ ÎÀ ÜºðÎ²Ú²òÜÆ Ð²Ú²êî²ÜÀ §ºôð²îºêÆÈ 2011¦-ÆÜ

5

¦ºõñ³ï»ëÇÉ 2011§Ý »ñ·Ç ÙñóáÛÃáõÙ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ

ÏÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝÇ »ñ·ãáõÑÇ ¾ÙÙÇÝ: ê³ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ý-ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»éáõëï³ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»³Ý ·»Õ³ñáõ»ëï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç áñáßáõÙÝ ¿:

Ð³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»éáõëï³é³¹ÇáÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ²É»ùë³Ý Ú³ñáõÃÇõÝ»³ÝÁ ³Ûë áñáßÙ³Ý ³é-ÃÇõ Ññ³õÇñáõ³Í ³ëáõÉÇëáõÙ Éñ³·ñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ó-ñ»ó, áñ ³Ûë ï³ñÇ Ý³Ë³ï»ëõáõÙ ¿ ³ÝóÏ³óÝ»É áã Ã¿ »ñ·ãÇ, ³ÛÉ‘ »ñ·Ç ÙñóáÛÃ, áñÁ µ³ó ¿ ³Ûëûñáõ³ÝÇó ÇÝãå¿ë Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ÏáÙåá½ÇïáñÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÝå¿ë ¿É ³ñï³ë³Ñ-Ù³Ý»³Ý:

¦Ú»ïáÛ Ù»ñ ·»Õ³ñáõ»ëï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹Á ÏÿÁÝïñÇ ³ÛÝ »ñ·»ñÁ, áñáÝù ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÝ ÏÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³-Ý»Ý, »õ Ñ»éáõëï³¹ÇïáÕÇ ¹³ïÇÝ ÏÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝÇ: Î³ñ-ÍáõÙ »Ù‘ áõÕÇÕ »Ã»ñáõÙ ùáõ¿³ñÏáõÃ»³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÏÿÁÝïñáõÇ ³ÛÝ »ñ·Á, áñÁ å¿ïù ¿ ¾ÙÇÝ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝÇ ¶»ñÙ³ÝÇ³ÛáõÙ§, - Ýß»ó Ú³ñáõÃÇõÝ»³ÝÁ:

ºñ·ãáõÑÇ ¾ÙÙÇÝ »õ ØÇÑñ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ù³ñõáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ºõñ³ï»ëÇÉáõÙ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Éáõ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Û³õ³ÏÝáñ¹Á Ý³»õ 2010 Ãáõ³Ï³ÝÇÝ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ð³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»éáõëï³ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó áõÕÇÕ »Ã»ñáõÙ ³ÝóÏ³óáõ³Í Ý³ËÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ÷áõÉÇ ³ñ¹ÇõÝùáõÙ Û³ÕÃáÕ ×³Ý³ãáõ»ó »ñ·ãáõÑÇ ºõ³ èÇí³ëÁ:

ØàêÎàô²ÚàôØ êä²ÜÜàôºÈ ¾ Ð²Ú ¶àðÌ²ð²ðÀ

ØáëÏáõ³ÛÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ Infiniti ³íïáÙ»-ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù¿ç Û³ÛïÝ³µ»ñáõ»É ¿ Ñ³Û³½·Ç ·áñ-Í³ñ³ñ ²ñ³ Ê³ã³ïñ»³ÝÇ Ù³ñÙÇÝÁª Ññ³½¿-Ý³ÛÇÝ íÝ³ëáõ³Íùáí, Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ »Ý éáõë³-Ï³Ý Éñ³ïáõ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ûù»ñÁ »õ ÛÕáõÙ ³Ý»Éáí ï»ÕÇ Çñ³õ³å³Ñ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇÝª ï»Õ»Ï³ó-ÝáõÙ, áñ ·áñÍ³ñ³ñÁ ëå³ÝÝáõ»É ¿ ·ÉËÇÝ ëï³ó³Í Ññ³½¿Ý³ÛÇÝ íÝ³ëáõ³ÍùÇó: ¸¿åùÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ¹»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇ 10-ÇÝ Å³ÙÁ 19-Ç ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, Û³ñáõóáõ»É ¿ ùñ¿³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ:

²ñ³ Ê³ã³ïñ»³ÝÁ »Õ»É ¿ ³ÉÏáÑáÉ³ÛÇÝ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇëïñÇµáõóÇ³Ûáí ½µ³ÕáõáÕ ¦Èáõ¹ÇÝ·§ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃ»³Ýª ê³ÝÏï-ä»ï»ñ-µáõñ·Ç Ù³ëÝ³×ÇõÕÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÁ: èáõë³Ï³Ý áñáß Éñ³ïáõ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ã»Ý µ³ó³éáõÙ å³ïáõ¿-ñáí ëå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý í³ñÏ³ÍÁ:

Üß»Ýù, áñ ¦Èáõ¹ÇÝ·§ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙµÁ ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñáõ»É »õ ÙÇÝã»õ ³ÛÅÙ Õ»Ï³í³ñ-õáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Û³½·Ç ·áñÍ³ñ³ñ, ÍÝáõÝ¹áí ³ñó³ËóÇ ²ñÃáõñ ì³ñÅ³å»ï»³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó »õ èáõë³ë-ï³ÝáõÙ ³ÉÏáÑáÉ³ÛÇÝ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ ³é»õïñáí ½µ³ÕáõáÕ Ëáßáñ³·áÛÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÝ ¿, áñÝ ³Ûë ßáõÏ³ÛáõÙ ¿ 1993Ã.-Çó: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃ»³Ý åáñïý»ÉáõÙ Ï³Ý ßáõñç 1500 ³ÝáõÝ ³ÉÏáÑáÉ³-ÛÇÝ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñ, ³Û¹ ÃõáõÙ Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý »õ ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝÇÝ»ñ »õ ÏáÝ»³ÏÝ»ñ:

ìð²êî²ÜÀ Øî²Ðà¶àô²Ì ¾ Ð²Ú²êî²ÜàôØ èàôê²Î²Ü è²¼Ø²Î²Ü îºÊÜÆÎ²Úàì

ìñ³ëï³ÝÁ Ùï³Ñá·áõ³Í ¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇÝ èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³-

ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³õ»É³óÙ³Ý ³éÝãáõÃ»³Ùµ: ²Ûë Ù³ëÇÝ ³ëõáõÙ ¿ Wikileaks Ï³ÛùáõÙ Ññ³å³ñ³Ïáõ³Í ÂµÇÉÇëÇáõÙ ²ØÜ ¹»ëå³Ý æáÝ ´³ëÇ ¹Çõ³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ñ»é³·ñáõÙ:

¦ìñ³ëï³ÝÁ ÝáÛÝå¿ë Ùï³Ñá·áõ³Í ¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇÝ èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó 2010-ÇÝ Ý³Ë³-ï»ëáõ³Í é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³õ»É³óÙ³Ùµ, Ý³Ë»õ³é³çª ÇÝùÝ³ÃÇéÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³-÷áËÙ³Ùµ: âÝ³Û³Í ìñ³ëï³ÝÁ ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ ¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï É³õ Û³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ å³Ñå³Ý»É, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ãÇ Ï³ñÍáõÙ, áñ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³Û¹ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÝ»ñÝ û·ï³-·áñÍ»É ÇÝùÝáõñáÛÝ: ìñ³ëï³ÝÁ Ùï³í³ËáõÃÇõÝ áõÝÇ, áñ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ëå³é³½ÇÝáõÃÇõÝÁ, ÇÝãåÇ-ëÇÝ ¿ ÇÝùÝ³ÃÇéÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë³ï»ëáõ³Í é³½Ù³ÙÃ»ñùÁ, Ï³ñáÕ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍáõ»É áã Ã¿ »ñÏñÇ µ³Ý³ÏÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, ³ÛÉª Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ éáõë³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÇ:

6

¸ñ³ Ñ»ï Ù¿Ïï»Õ ³Û¹ûñÇÝ³Ï Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ë³Ëï»É ÈÔ-áõÙ ³éÏ³Û Ñ³-õ³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÇõÝÁ, ÇÝãå¿ë Ý³»õ Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ ¹ñ³Ýù Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍáõ»É ìñ³ëï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ñ³õÇó ×Ýß»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñª èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï Ñ³Ï³Ù³ñïáõÃ»³Ý í»ñëÏëÙ³Ý ¹¿åùáõÙ§,- ³ëõáõÙ ¿ ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃáõÙ:

Ü²Ê²¶²ÐÀ Î²ð¶²¸ðºÈ ¾ øð¾²Î²Ü ¶àðÌ Ú²ðàôòºÈ

´º¶È²ðº²ÜÆ ÜÎ²îØ²Ø´

²½·³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáíÇ Ø³ñ¹áõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý »õ Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñÇ Û³ÝÓ-Ý³ÅáÕáíÇ ÷áËÝ³Ë³·³Ñ è³ýÇÏ ä»ïñáë»³ÝÇ ÷áË³ÝóÙ³Ùµ, Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ Ï³ñ·³¹ñ»É ¿ ùñ¿³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Û³ñáõó»É ºñ»õ³ÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³å»ï ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ‘ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ ³ñ³ñáÕ³Ï³ñ·Ç µ³ÅÝÇ ³ßË³ï³ÏÇó ²ñ³Ù Î³Ý¹³»³ÝÇ Í»ÍÇ »õ ³é»õ³Ý·Ù³Ý Ï³å³ÏóáõÃ»³Ùµ:

¦Ü³Ë³·³Ñ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ Ñ³ñÏ³¹ñ»É ¿, áñå¿ë½Ç ù³Õ³ù³å»ïÁ, áñÁ Çñ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ¿ñ ¹³ë»É ûñ¿ÝùÇó, ïáÛÅÇ »ÝÃ³ñÏáõÇ, ³ÛÉ Ý³ Ý³»õ ³½³ïáõ»ó ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇó§, - ¦²½³ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é³¹ÇáÏ³Û³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ½ñáÛóáõÙ ³ë³ó ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ ·ÉË³õáñ³Í Ð³Ýñ³å»-ï³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃ»³Ý å³ï·³Ù³õáñ è³ýÇÏ ä»ïñáë»³ÝÁ‘ Û³õ»É»Éáí. - ¦´³Ûó ¹»é»õë ÉáõÍ-áõ³Í ã¿ Ýñ³Ý ¹³ïÇ ï³Éáõ Ñ³ñóÁ: àñù³Ý ÇÝÓ Û³ÛïÝÇ ¿, Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃ»³Ý Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ Ï³ñ-·³¹ñ»É ¿ Ý³»õ ùñ¿³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Û³ñáõó»É, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ù³Õ³ù³å»ïÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ï³ñ øñ¿³Ï³Ý ûñ¿Ýë·ñùáí Ñ»ï³åÝ¹áõáÕ 3 ³ñ³ñù. Í»ÍÁ, áñÇ Ñ»ï»õ³Ýùáí Ã»Ã»õ íÝ³ëáõ³Íù ¿ ëï³ó»É ïáõÅáÕÁ, »õ ³é»õ³Ý·áõÙÁ§:

ºñ»õ³ÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³å»ï ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÁ Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³Ý ïáõ»ó ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇó Û»ïáÛ, »ñµ Ù³ÙáõÉáõÙ Éáõñ»ñ ï³ñ³Íáõ»óÇÝ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, áñ Ý³ ³é»õ³Ý·»É »õ Í»ÍÇ ¿ »ÝÃ³ñÏ»É ²ñÙ¿Ý Î³Ý¹³»³ÝÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇ 3-ÇÝ Î³ñ¿Ý ¸»ÙÇñ×»³ÝÇ ³Ýáõ³Ý Ù³ñ½³Ñ³Ù»ñ·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³-Ù³ÉÇñáõÙ ûå»ñ³ÛÇÝ »ñ·Çã äÉ³ëÇ¹û ¸áÙÇÝ·áÛÇ Ñ³Ù»ñ·Çó ³é³ç Î³Ý¹³»³ÝÁ ËÝ¹ñ»É ¿ Ý³-Ë³·³Ñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë³ï»ëáõ³Í ³ÃáéÇ Ñ³ñ»õ³ÝáõÃ»³Ùµ Ýëï³Í ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÇ ÏÝáçÁ ÷áË»É Çñ ï»ÕÁ:

Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ Ù³ÙÉáÛ ËûëÝ³ÏÁ Ñ³ëï³ï»É ¿ñ, áñ ù³Õ³ù³å»ïÁ Í»ÍÇ ¿ »Ý-Ã³ñÏ»É Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ ³ßË³ï³Ï³½ÙÇ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõóãÇÝ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Û³õ»É»É ¿ñ, áñ ¦Ù³ÙáõÉÁ ã³÷³-½³Ýóñ»É ¿§ Éáõñ»ñÁ »õ ³é»õ³Ý·áõÙ ï»ÕÇ ãÇ áõÝ»ó»É:

²Ä Ø³ñ¹áõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃ»³Ý Û³ÝÓÝ³ÅáÕáíÇ ÷áËÝ³Ë³·³Ñ è³ýÇÏ ä»ï-ñáë»³ÝÁ Ýß»ó, áñ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÇõÝ å¿ïù ¿ ³ÝóÏ³óáõÇ:

²õ»ÉÇ áõß Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ Ù³ÙÉáÛ ËûëÝ³Ï ²ñÙ¿Ý ²ñ½áõÙ³Ý»³ÝÁ ¦²½³ïáõÃÇõÝ§ é³¹ÇáÏ³Û³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ½ñáÛóáõÙ Ñ»ñù»ó ùñ¿³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Û³ñáõó»Éáõ Ï³ñ·³¹ñáõÃ»³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ï»-Õ»Ï³ïáõáõÃÇõÝÁ:

¦øñ¿³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ óáõóáõÙáí ã»Ý Û³ñáõóõáõÙ, ¹ñ³Ýó ûñ¿Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñÁ Û³ÛïÝÇ »Ý, »õ è³ýÇÏ ä»ïñáë»³ÝÁ ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ¹Á ã¿, áí ÉÇ³½ûñáõ³Í ¿ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ óáõóáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É Ñ³ÝñáõÃ»³ÝÁ§, - ³ë³ó ²ñÙ¿Ý ²ñ½áõÙ³Ý»³ÝÁª Û³õ»É»Éáí. - ¦´Ý³Ï³Ý³-µ³ñ ÝÙ³Ý óáõóáõÙ ãÏ³Û§:

ø²Ô´²Üî²ðÎº²ÈÜºðÜ ²¼²î Îþ²ðÒ²ÎàôºÜ, ´²ò²èàôÂº²Ø´ ê²êàôÜ ØÆø²Ú¾Èº²ÜÆ ºô ÜÆÎàÈ ö²ÞÆÜº²ÜÆ

¦Üáñ Ä³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ§ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃ»³Ý Ý³Ë³·³Ñ ²ñ³Ù Î³ñ³å»ï»³ÝÇ Ï³ñÍÇùáí, í³Õ³Å³ÙÏ¿ï ³½³ï ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ ÏÁ ÏÇñ³éáõÇ µáÉáñ ù³Õµ³Ýï³ñÏ»³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ, µ³-ó³éáõÃ»³Ùµ ÜÇÏáÉ ö³ßÇÝ»³ÝÇ »õ ê³ëáõÝ ØÇù³Û¿É»³ÝÇ:

¦²Ûëûñ ¸»Ïï»Ùµ»ñÇ 10-Ý ¿, »ë ß³ï ÏÁ ó³ÝÏ³Ý³ÛÇ, áñ Ù»ñ ù³Õµ³Ýï³ñÏ»³É ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÁ µ³Ýï»ñÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³Í ÉÇ-Ý¿ÇÝ, Çñ»Ýó ¿É ßÝáñÑ³õáñ¿ÇÝù§,- ³ë³ó Ý³:

ê³Ï³ÛÝ Î³ñ³å»ï»³ÝÁ ¹»é ã·ÇïÇ, Ã¿ ù³Õµ³Ýï³ñÏ-»³ÉÝ»ñÇ í³Õ³Å³ÙÏ¿ï ³½³ï ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ »õ ÷á÷áËáõÃÇõÝ-Ý»ñÁ ï»ÕÇ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ý ÙÇÝã»õ ï³ñáõ³Û í»±ñç, Ã¿± ³õ»ÉÇ áõß:

Ø¿Ï ³ÛÉ ³ëáõÉÇëÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ð»ÉëÇÝù»³Ý ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³-Ï³Ý ³ë³ÙµÉÇ³ÛÇ ì³Ý³ÓáñÇ ·ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ ²ñÃáõñ ê³ùáõÝóÁ ÝáÛÝå¿ë ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³õ ³Ûë Ã¿Ù³ÛÇÝ: Àëï Ýñ³ª ù³Õµ³Ýï³ñÏ»³ÉÝ»ñÇ í³Õ³Å³Ù-Ï¿ï ³½³ï ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙ ¿, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÇõÝÁ »ñÏñáõÙ ãÇ ·áñ-ÍáõÙ:

7

¦²Ûë ×ÝßÙ³Ý Ñ»ï»õ³Ýùáí ÇßË³ÝáõÃÇõÝÝ ³ÛÝù³Ý ÃáÛÉÇÏ ¿, ³ÛÝù³Ý ³ÝÏ³Ù ¿, áñ ëïÇå-áõ³Í ¿ ÝÙ³Ý áñáßáõÙ Ï³Û³óÝ»É: ´³Ûó Ñ³ëï³ï ÇÙ³ó¿ù, »ë ËáñÁ Ï³ëÏ³Í áõÝ»Ù, áñ ÜÇÏáÉ ö³ßÇÝ»³ÝÇ »õ ê³ëáõÝ ØÇù³Û¿É»³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ»ñ»³É ÝÙ³Ý µ³Ý ³Ý»Ý, ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÓ³ÏáõÃÇõÝ áõ-Ý»Ý³Ý, áñáíÑ»ï»õ Çñ»Ýù ¹ñ³ÝÇó íï³Ý· »Ý ½·áõÙ Çñ»Ýó ÃáÛÉ ÇßË³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ§,- ³ë³ó Ý³:

§¸ð²Î²Ü ÎÀ ÈÆÜÆ, ºÂ¾ ²Úê ÆÞÊ²ÜàôÂÆôÜÀ ÂàÔÜÆ-

Ðºè²Ü²Ú¦.- ì²Ð²¶Ü Ê²â²îðº²Ü

Ð²Î-Ç ³Ý¹³Ù ì³Ñ³·Ý Ê³ã³ïñ»³ÝÝ Éñ³·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ

Ñ»ï Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ë»Ýë³óÇ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ»ó Ý³Ëáñ¹ ß³-µ³Ã ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ºñ»õ³ÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³å»ï ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ-»³ÝÇ »õ ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃ»³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ¶¿áñ· ¸³ÝÇ¿É»³ÝÇ å³ßïûÝ³ÝÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ:

¦²ÛÝ, ÇÝã ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³õ ³õ³½³Ï³å»ïáõÃ»³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý-Ý»ñáõÙ, ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý »ñ»õáÛÃ ã¿ñ: ê³ ¹»é ³é³çÇÝ Í³ÕÇÏÝ ¿: ØÇ »ñÏñáõÙ, áñï»Õ å³ßïûÝ»³Ý»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó ûñ¿ÝùÇó í»ñ »Ý ¹³ëáõÙ, ³Ù¿Ý ûñ ÝÙ³Ý ¹¿åù Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É: ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ-»³ÝÝ ³õ³½³Ï³å»ïáõÃ»³Ý ëÇõÝ»ñÇó Ù¿ÏÝ ¿ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³Û¹ Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³ÝÁ ûñ¿ÝùÇ ï³éÁ å³Ñå³Ý»Éáí ï»ÕÇ ãÇ áõÝ»ó»É, ³ÛÉ ³õ³½³Ï³å»ïáõÃ»³Ý ·áñ-ÍáÕ ÝáñÙ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ§,- ÁÝ¹·Í»ó Ê³ã³ïñ»³ÝÁ:

Àëï Ýñ³ª áñ»õ¿ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý µ³Ý ãÏ³Û ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ ³Û¹ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù¿ç: ¸ñ³Ï³Ý ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ ³ÛÝ, áñ ³Ûë ÇßË³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ÃáÕÝÇ-Ñ»é³Ý³Û:

ì³Ñ³·Ý Ê³ã³ïñ»³ÝÇ ÁÝ¹¹ÇÙ³Ëûë, ÐÐÎ å³ï·³Ù³õáñ è³ýÇÏ ä»ïñáë»³ÝÁ Ýß»ó, áñ »Ã¿ å³ßïûÝ»³Ý»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÝÙ³Ý³ïÇå ³ñ³ñùÝ»ñÁ ß³ñáõÝ³Ïáõ»Ý, ³å³ Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÉÇùÁ ÝáÛÝå¿ë ÏÁ ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÇ: Àëï Ýñ³ª ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ í×é³Ï³Ý ¿, »õ ³ÛëáõÑ»ï ß³ñù³-ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñÇÝ íÇñ³õáñáÕÝ»ñÝ ¿É ÏÁ å³ïÅáõ»Ý:

ä»ïñáë»³ÝÇ Ëûëù»ñáí, ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÇ ³ñ³ñùÁ áÑÙ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÇõÝ ¿ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É: Ü³ ·³ÕïÝÇù å³ïÙ»óª Ýß»Éáí, áñ ³ñ³ñùÝ ³Ûëå¿ë ¿ áñ³Ïáõ»É, ù³ÝÇ áñ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÁ áã Ã¿ ÙÇ³ÛÝ³Ï, ³ÛÉ ËÙµáí ¿ Í»Í»É Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ ³ñ³ñáÕ³Ï³ñ·Ç µ³ÅÝÇ ³ßË³ï³ÏóÇÝ:

Àëï ä»ïñáë»³ÝÇ, ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ñ»ï»õáÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÇõÝ ¿ óáõó³µ»ñ»É ÇÝãå¿ë Ý³ËÏÇÝáõÙ, ³ÛÝå¿ë ¿É ÏÁ óáõó³µ»ñÇ ³å³·³ÛáõÙ: àñå¿ë ûñÇÝ³Ï, Ý³ å³ïÙ»ó Ý³»õ Ù¿Ï ³ÛÉ ·³ÕïÝÇù, Ýß»Éáí, áñ Ý³ËÏÇÝ áëïÇÏ³Ý³å»ï Ð³ÛÏ Ú³ñáõÃÇõÝ»³ÝÝ ¿É Ø³ñïÇ 1-Ç ¹¿åù»ñÇó Û»ïáÛ ³½³ïáõ»ó ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇóª ëË³É ½¿Ýù µ³Å³Ý»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

¦ÖÇß¹ ¿, ³ÝáõÝÁ ¹³ ã¹ñáõ»ó, µ³Ûó ¿¹ å³ï×³éáí ¿É ³½³ïáõ»ó§,- ³ë³ó Ý³ª Ñ»ñù»Éáí Ý³»õ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÇÝ, Ã¿ ÇÝùÝ ³ë»É ¿, áñ ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ Ññ³Ñ³Ý-·áí ùñ·áñÍ ÏÁ Û³ñáõóáõÇ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ:

¦ºë ÝÙ³Ý µ³Ý ã»Ù ³ë»É: ºÃ¿ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ Ñ³ßïáõ»É »Ý, ·áñÍÁ Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³Ýáí ÏÁ ÷³ÏáõÇ, ùñ·áñÍ ãÇ Û³ñáõóáõÇ§,- Ýß»ó Ý³:

Ð²Î-À àðàÞºÈ ¾ ä²îÄºÈ Ø²ðîÆ 1-Æ ¶àðÌºðàì ÎºÔÌÆøÜºðÆ ¸ÆØàÔÜºðÆÜ

Ð³Û ³½·³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝ·ñ¿ëÁ Ñ³Ý¹¿ë ¿ »Ï»É ÇõñûñÇÝ³Ï Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃ»³Ùµª ÷áñÓ»Éáí å³ïÅ»É ³ÛÝ ³ÝÓ³Ýó, áíù»ñ Ø³ñïÇ 1-Ç ùñ·áñÍ»ñáí Ï»ÕÍÇùÝ»ñÇ »Ý ¹ÇÙ»É:

ÆÝãå¿ë Éñ³·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ï»Õ»Ï³óñ»ó ÐÐÞ í³ñãáõÃ»³Ý Ý³Ë³-·³Ñ ²ñ³Ù Ø³ÝáõÏ»³ÝÁ, Çñ»Ýù ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñ »Ý ï³ÝáõÙ, áñå¿ë½Ç ºõñáå³Ï³Ý »ñÏñÝ»ñ »õ ²ØÜ ÙáõïùÇ íÇ½³Ý»ñ ãïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ»Ý Ø³ñïÇ 1-Ç ·áñÍ»ñáí Ï»ÕÍ óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ ïáõ³Í áëïÇ-Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ, Ï»ÕÍ í×ÇéÝ»ñ Ï³Û³óñ³Í ¹³ï³õáñÝ»ñÇÝ, Ï»ÕÍ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ å³ßïå³Ý³Í ¹³-ï³Ë³½Ý»ñÇÝ:

¦ºÕ»É »Ý ¹¿åù»ñ, »ñµ ²ØÜ-Ý Ï³Ù ºõñ³ÙÇáõÃÇõÝÝ ³ñ·»É»É »Ý Û³Ýó³·áñÍÝ»ñÇ, Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³õáõÝùÝ»ñÁ áïÝ³Ñ³ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙáõïùÝ Çñ»Ýó »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³Íù: ø³Õµ³Ýï³ñÏ»³É ï»ñ-ÙÇÝÇ ×³Ý³ãáõÙÁ ³ñ¹¿Ý ÇëÏ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÙ ¿, áñ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Û³ÛïÝáõ»É »Ý µ³Ýï»ñáõÙ áã Ã¿ Û³Ýó³-·áñÍáõÃÇõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»Éáõ, ³ÛÉ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõÃ»³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ¸³ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÙ ¿, áñ ù³-Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ï³ÙùÝ ³ñï³Û³Ûï»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù³ñ¹Á áñ³Ïáõ»É ¿ áñå¿ë Û³Ýó³·áñÍ§,- Ýß»ó Ý³:

Àëï Ø³ÝáõÏ»³ÝÇ, Çñ»Ýù ÑÇÙÝáõ»Éáõ »Ýù µáÉáñ ³ÛÝ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáÛóÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³-Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³Û, áñáÝù Ñ³ëï³ï»É »Ý, áñ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ù³Õµ³Ýï³ñÏ»³ÉÝ»ñ Ï³Ý:

8

ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ÐÐÞ í³ñãáõÃ»³Ý Ý³Ë³·³ÑÁ Ýß»ó, áñ ³Û¹ óáõó³ÏáõÙ ãå¿ïù ¿ Û³ÛïÝáõÇ á»õ¿ ³ÝÙ»Õ Ù³ñ¹:

§Ðð²ä²ð²Î¦. ºððàð¸Ø²êòÆ ÈÆàìÆÎÀ, ¼¾ÚÂàôÜÆ ¾¸àÜ, ¾ðº´àôÜàô ²ðîÆàØÀ àêîÆÎ²ÜàôÂÆôÜ ºÜ î²ðàôºÈ

¦Ðñ³å³ñ³Ï§-Á ·ñ»É ¿ñ, áñ ³Ýó³Í ß³µ³Ã Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ùÇ Ùûï 300 Ñ»ÕÇÝ³ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ

Ñ³õ³ùáõ»É »Ý ¾ñ»µáõÝáõ ¦²ñ·ÇßïÇ§ é»ëïáñ³ÝáõÙ: Ð³õ³ùÇ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáÕÁ »Õ»É ¿ ¾ñ»µáõÝáõ Ý³ËÏÇÝ Ã³Õ³å»ï ØÑ»ñ ê»¹ñ³Ï»³ÝÁ, ÇëÏ Ýå³ï³ÏÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³õáñáõ³ÍáõÃÇõÝ Ó»éù µ»ñ»ÉÝ ¿ »Õ»Éª Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ¹ÇÙ³·ñ³õ»É ³é³çÇÏ³Û Ù³ñï³Ññ³õ¿ñÝ»ñÇÝ: Ø³ëÝ³Ïó»É »Ý ÐáíÇÏ ²µñ³-Ñ³Ù»³ÝÁ, ¶³·ÇÏ ´»·É³ñ»³ÝÁ, ê³Ùáõ¿É ²É»ùë³Ý»³ÝÁ, èáõµ¿Ý Ð³Ûñ³å»ï»³ÝÁ, ¾¹áõ³ñ¹ Ø³¹³Ã¿³ÝÁ »õ áõñÇßÝ»ñ:

²Û¹ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙÇó ³Ýó»É ¿ Ùûï Ù¿Ï ß³µ³Ã: ¦Ø»Ýù ï»Õ»Ï³ó³Ýù, áñ áëïÇÏ³ÝáõÃ»³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñ, 6-ñ¹ í³ñãáõÃÇõÝ, ùñ¿³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÇõÝ »Ý Ññ³õÇñáõ»É Ñ³õ³ùÇ Ùûï 50 Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇóÝ»ñ, Ýñ³Ýó ÃõáõÙª »ññáñ¹Ù³ëóÇ ÈÇáíÇÏÁ, ¼¿ÛÃáõÝÇ ¾¹áÝ, ¾ñ»µáõÝáõ ²ñïÇáÙÁ, ÜáñùÇ Ù³ëÇíÇ Ð³ÏÁ, ì³Ñ³ÝÝ áõ ÄÇñáÝ, ²ñ³µÏÇñÇóª îáõÝ, ÎáÙ³Û·áõ ê»÷ÇÏÁ, îñ³ÙáõÇ å³ñ-ÏÇ Ô³½³ñÁ, ²Ý¹ñ³ÝÇÏ Ø³ñ·³ñ»³ÝÇ ë³ÝÇÏ äÇëï ²ñÙ¿ÝÁ »õ áõñÇßÝ»ñ: Æõñ³ù³ÝãÇõñÇÝ 4-5 Å³Ù å³Ñ»É »Ý »õ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõ»É Ýßáõ³Í Ñ³õ³ùáí: ´Ý³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, áã ÙÇ ³ñÓ³Ý³·ñáõÃÇõÝ ãÇ Ï³½Ùáõ»É, »Õ»É »Ý µ³Ý³õáñ ½ñáÛóÝ»ñ: àÙ³Ýó ³Ý·³Ù áõÕÇÕ Ñ³ñó»ñ »Ý ïáõ»Éª È»õáÝ î¿ñ-ä»ïñáë»³ÝÇ ·áíùÝ ¿ù ³ñ»±É, Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ ¹¿Ù ÇÝã-áñ µ³Ý ¿ù Íñ³·ñ»±É, ØÑ»ñÇ±Ý ¿Çù ÷³é³-µ³ÝáõÙ: Ð»ÕÇÝ³ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ë³ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É »Ý áñå¿ë Çñ»Ýó ¦³Ëå»ñáõÃ»³Ý§ ¹¿Ù áõÕÕáõ³Í ù³ÛÉ »õ íëï³Ñ »Ý, áñ Ñ³õ³ùÇ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇó ÇÝã-áñ Ù¿ÏÁ Ùï»É ¿ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ Ùûï »õ ¦Ùáõ-ïÇï§ ³ñ»É: ÀÝ¹ áñáõÙ, ë³ ³õ»ÉÇ ß³ï Ñ³õ³Ý³µ³ñ áõÕÕáõ³Í ¿ ÂáËÙ³ËÇ ØÑ»ñÇ ¹¿Ù: ÐÇÙ³ Ñ»ÕÇÝ³ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ½µ³Õáõ³Í »Ý Çñ»Ýó ÃßÝ³ÙáõÝ Û³ÛïÝ³µ»ñ»Éáõ ·áñÍáí: ÆëÏ Ã¿ áí Ï³ñáÕ ¿ñ áõÕÇÕ ÙïÝ»É ê»ñÅ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÇ Ùûïª ¹Åáõ³ñ ã¿ Ïé³Ñ»É§,-ÝÏ³ïáõÙ ¿ Ã»ñÃÁ:

International Scientific Conference Dedicated to Genocide

Prevention and Condemnation Held in Yerevan YEREVAN -- International two-day scientific conference “The Crime of Genocide: Prevention,

Condemnation and Elimination of Consequences” launched today in Yerevan. Authoritative histor i-

ans and scientists from almost 2 dozen of states – France, Argentina, Switzerland, Netherlands,

Belgium, Greece, Italy, Germany, Dania, Ireland, Hungary, USA, Canada, Austria, Lebanon, Egypt,

Israel, Japan, participate in the event.

Serzh Sarkisian said broader international recognition of the Armenian genocide is essential

for preventing more crimes against humanity as he opened the conference.

“The bitter lessons of the Armenian genocide did not go down in the history and memory of

humankind as mere memories of the past. They came to be replaced by the horrors of the Holocaust

and the tragedies in Rwanda, Darfur and many other places,” he said in a speech at the two -day fo-

rum attended by genocide scholars from about 20 countries.

Sarkisian complained that “political expediency and short -sighted opportunism” often shape

governments’ attitudes towards past and present genocides.

“Issues related to the prevention and condemnation of genocides as well as the elimination of

their consequences must be on the international community’s agenda,” said Sarkisian.

Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian made the same point. “Genocide denial and impunity

pave the way for new crimes against humanity. Regardless of geopolitical or other interests, the i n-

ternational community must be united in condemning and preventing genocide,” Nalbandian told

conference participants.

One of the participants, prominent U.S. -Armenian historian Richard Hovannisian, suggested

that Armenia’s government has toughened its position on genocide recognition since the collapse of

its normalization agreements with Turkey. “It seems to have become more determined,” Hovannis i-

an told RFE/RL’s Armenian service.

Sarkisian’s policy of rapprochement with Turkey has triggered a barrage of criticism from

many in Armenia and its worldwide Diaspora. They say that Ankara has exploited it to keep m ore

countries from recognizing the slaughter of some 1.5 Ottoman Armenians as genocide.

Taner Akcam, a U.S.-based Turkish scholar also participating in the conference, said such

recognition would make it much harder for the Turkish state to claim that Arm enians died in much

smaller numbers and not as a result of a premeditated government policy.

9

“I strongly recommend recognition of the Armenian genocide,” Akcam told journalists. “This

is also important for the prevention [of more genocides,]” he said.

Turkey must admit its own history if it wants to be part of civilized world Akcam emphasized.

According to him, Turkey is not the authoritarian country it used to be – the country is on its way to

democracy. Akcam stated that the issue of Armenian Genocide must not be made a card in the su-

perpowers’ hands.

Taner Akcam is one of the leading Turkish academics that recognized the Armenian Genocide.

Appeals Court Reverses Itself Over

Armenian Suit SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- A federal appeals court has reversed itsel f and now says the heirs of

Armenians killed in the Turkish Ottoman Empire can seek payment from companies that sold their

dead relatives life insurance.

In a rare and stunning move, the 9 U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on Friday

changed its decision in the case.

At issue is a hotly debated law passed by the California Legislature in 2000 that labeled the

killings nearly a century ago a “genocide.” That characterization is fiercely rejected by Turkey.

Last year, the 9th Circuit invalidated the law as an improper conflict with U.S. foreign policy.

But in its reversal, the court said there is no conflict because the federal government does not

have a clear policy regarding the mass killings of Armenians during the Turkish Ottoman Empire’s

reign.

“This was totally unexpected,” attorney Brian Kabateck, who represents the Armenian heirs,

told the Associated Press. “It’s a great victory for the Armenia people.”

Kabateck and other lawyers have filed similar lawsuits against New York Life Insuranc e Co.

and French insurer AXA, which were settled in 2005 for a combined $37.5 million.

Armenia to Modernization Armed Forces With Long-Range

Precision-Guided Weapons YEREVAN -- Armenia is implementation a five-year plan to modernize the nation’s armed

forces which envisages the acquisition of long -range precision-guided weapons. The plan is referred

as the State Program of Developing Weaponry and Military Hardware in 2011 -2015, according to

which the Armenian military will receive “state -of-the-art weapons” and become “considerably”

stronger as a result.

The modernization plan is essentially based on two documents approved in August by another

Armenian government commission dealing with defense and national security. One of the documents

dealt with army weaponry, while the other detailed measures to develop the Armenian defense i n-

dustry.

The modernization plan is connected with the persisting risk of another Armenian -Azerbaijani

war for Nagorno-Karabakh. The Armenian military is believed to be already e quipped with short-

range tactical missiles capable of striking military and civilian targets in Azerbaijan.

The planned modernization of the Armenian armed forces comes amid a continuing military

build-up in Azerbaijan and Azerbaijani leaders’ growing thr eats to end the Karabakh conflict by

force. The Azerbaijani government’s defense spending is due to soar further, to over $3 billion, next

year. The Armenian defense budget for 2011 is projected at only $405 million.

Armenia has so far been able to at least partially offset the widening spending gap with close mil i-

tary ties with Russia. Its membership in the Russian -led Collective Security Treaty Organization

(CSTO) allows it to receive Russian weapons at cut -down prices or even free of charge.

Hundreds Rally In Yerevan OnHuman Rights Day

10

YEREVAN -- Hundreds of opposition supporters marched through central Yerevan on Friday to

mark International Human Rights Day and reiterate opposition demands for the release of Armenia’s

remaining “political prisoners .”

The crowd led by top representatives of the opposition Armenian National Congress (HAK)

chanted their names and also demanded President Serzh Sarkisian’s resignation during the peaceful

protest not hindered by the police.

Among the protesters were two opposition activists set free this month after spending more

than two years in prison on charges stemming from the 2008 post -election violence in the capital.

About a dozen other HAK loyalists remain behind bars.

“We are not leaving the streets. Our will and desire to achieve victory are not fading away,”

Aram Manukian, a leading member of the opposition alliance, told the crowd at the end of the

demonstration.

The regime against which we fight is now weakening and falling apart,” said Levon Zurabian, the HAK’s cen-

tral office coordinator.

Both the organizers and participants claimed that Armenia’s current government is unwilling to improve its hu-

man rights record criticized by Western governments and watchdogs. “If the authorities are not elected, human rights

will naturally be violated,” one man told RFE/RL’s Armenian service.

“Under these authorities, our rights will never be protected,” said another protester. “We will get rid of them

soon.”

Armen Harutiunian, the human rights ombudsman, similarly described the government’s rights record as “non-

satisfactory” after meeting with students at a Yerevan public school on the occasion. He said that each year his office

receives about 5,000 citizen complaints about various abuses allegedly committed by law-enforcement, judicial and

other state bodies.

Award-Winning Filmmaker

J. Michael Hagopian Dies at 97 THOUSAND OAKS, CA -- Armenian-American documentary filmmaker J. Michael Hagopian, whose 70 edu-

cational and documentary films have won more than 160 national and international awards, including two Emmy

nominations, died Dec. 10 in his Thousand Oaks, Calif., home. He was 97.

Hagopian was a Genocide survivor who dedicated his life to the visual documentation of the Turkish extermina-

tion of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915. Over a 40-year period, he filmed nearly 400 interviews of survivors of and

witnesses to the Armenian Genocide, traveling around the world to record their accounts in 10 languages. He estab-

lished the Armenian Film Foundation in 1979 as a non-profit, educational, and cultural organization dedicated to the

documentation in motion pictures of Armenian heritage and life.

During the past several years, his mission had been to preserve the film footage of those eyewitness interviews.

On April 13, 2010, he and his wife, Antoinette Hagopian, and the Armenian Film Foundation signed an historic

agreement with The USC Shoah Foundation Institute for the preservation and dissemination of the Genocide testimo-

nies on the internet.

11

On Dec. 9, 2010, Hagopian was to meet Steven Spielberg, Shoah’s founder, at the foundation’s Ambassadors

for Humanity banquet but was unable to attend because of a cold. Spielberg personally expressed his support for the

Armenians to two of Hagopian’s colleagues on the AFF board who attended the event, and Hagopian’s work was

acknowledged at the gala. He passed away before he would have received a report of the evening, but his legacy will

no doubt long endure.

Born in Kharpert in Historic Armenia in 1913, Hagopian survived the Genocide because his mother hid him in a

well behind the family home. His father was spared because he was an important medical doctor, and the family left

Turkey for Boston, Mass., in 1922, eventually settling in Fresno, Calif., in 1927.

Hagopian attended Fresno State University, transferring to UC Berkeley, where he received his bachelor’s and

master’s degrees in political science. He went on to earn another masters and a Ph.D. in Government and Internation-

al Relations from Harvard University. After serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II, he taught at

several universities, including Banares Hindu University, India; American University of Beirut, Lebanon; UCLA, and

Oregon State University. While teaching, he discovered a lack of good films to show his classes and concluded that

he could produce better documentaries.

After completing two years of graduate work in cinema at the University of Southern California, Hagopian em-

barked on a new career as writer, filmmaker and producer. In 1952 he founded Atlantis Productions, Inc., and as its

president created award-winning films for instructional and informational use in the classroom and on television. His

earlier films were about the peoples and cultures of India, Nigeria, the Middle East as well as Native Americans and

include the well-respected Jerusalem - Center of Many Worlds and Asian Earth, which won several film festival

awards.

During his early filmmaking expeditions, Hagopian trekked 1,500 miles to the source of the Ganges River, be-

coming the first man to film in color the entire length of the river to the holy source. For this and other remarkable

adventures, he was invited to join the prestigious Explorer’s Club, New York, and Adventurer’s Club, Los Angeles.

In 1961, he married Antoinette Hobden, and they settled in Thousand Oaks in 1963. A major force in the forma-

tive years of Thousand Oaks, Hagopian was active in its incorporation as a city and served on many civic committees.

In 1990 he laid the groundwork for the establishment of a sister-city relationship between Thousand Oaks and Spitak,

a city in Armenia that he visited and filmed after the devastating earthquake that hit the country on Dec. 7, 1988.

In addition to his local involvement, one of Hagopian’s main interests was to help create permanent Armenian

studies programs in major universities in America. As the initial West Coast member of the National Association of

Armenian Studies and Research, he worked to endow the first two chairs in the United States, at Harvard in 1959 and

at UCLA in 1965.

Armenian community leaders approached Hagopian about making a film to mark the 50th anniversary of the

Armenian Genocide. In 1965 he produced the film Where Are My People, which was aired on KCOP TV in Los An-

geles. It was then that he realized that the witnesses to the Armenian Genocide were fast dying, and he began filming

survivors. He made 17 documentaries about Armenian heritage, culture and history. In 1976, he received two Emmy

nominations for the writing and production of The Forgotten Genocide, which aired on KCET.

The last film Hagopian wrote, directed and produced was The River Ran Red, a 58-minute documentary that

opened the Eighth Annual Arpa International Film Festival on Oct. 24, 2008, at the Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood,

Calif. The River Ran Red, the third film in a trilogy about the Genocide, was voted Best International Historical Doc-

umentary by the New York International Film & Video Festival in 2009 and won many other awards.

Several of Hagopian’s films were produced under grants from the U.S. Office of Education and the Ethnic Her-

itage Program, the MacArthur Foundation, California Endowment for the Humanities, Milken Foundation and Cali-

fornia State Department of Education.

Hagopian received numerous honors, including Jewish World Watch’s “I Witness” Award for dedicating his

professional life to chronicling the Armenian Genocide, the Arpa Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Armin T.

Wegner Humanitarian Award.

Hagopian is survived by his wife, Antoinette; children James Michael, Maui, Hawaii; Joanne, Berkeley, Calif.;

David, Thousand Oaks; and William, Honolulu, Hawaii; and five grandchildren.

In lieu of flowers donations may be made to the Armenian Film Foundation or the Conejo Valley Historical So-

ciety. Donations may be sent c/o Armenian Film Foundation, 2219 Thousand Oaks Blvd., Suite 292, Thousand Oaks,

California 91362, or made online at www.armenianfilm.org.

Israel Charny:

12

“The People of Israel Absolutely Know the Armenian Genocide; They Do Not Deny It”

Executive director of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in

Jerusalem, Dr. Israel W. Charny was in Yerevan to participate in the

international scientific conference on Genocide. Fo llowing is the

text of an interview conducted with him by Panorama.am journal ist.

- What is the moral significance of recognizing the Armenian

Genocide in the case of Israel? - I am laughing but I am crying and I am angry and I am laug h-

ing. Israel’s failure to recognize the Armenian Genocide is a terrible

shame, it’s evil, it’s a failure on our part and many of us are fighting

it day and night. I have one piece of good news which helps me to

laugh; culturally we have won the battle in Israel, the people of Isr a-

el absolutely know the Armenian Genocide, they do not deny it. The

Media in Israel, the newspapers, the magazines, TV programs reco g-

nize the Armenian Genocide, refer to it regularly and I cannot think

right now of a single article even that is ever supported the Gover n-

ment for its denial, and yet the real politic, and you see my fist, the

manipulative approach to life that you look out for yourself even

when great moral principles are involved is still winning and we

have to defeat it, so that’s the significance.

- The recent developments have led to an aggravation of Turkish - Israeli relations. In this

context, many people deem it possible for Israel to recognize the Armenian Genocide. Don’t

you think that any considerations of the political landscape in such a sensitive and delicate i s-

sue may devalue the meaning of recognition of the Armenian Genocide by the State of Israel? - I appreciate your question because I agree completely. I would be in a very difficult position

if Israel now recognizes the Armenian Genocide, because the Turks have become allies of a total i-

tarian access of Iran, Syria and people who are real threat to Israel and to the whole free world.

Still I want Israel to recognize the Armenian Genocide under clear, moral bases that it must be re c-

ognized and honored. Yossi Sarid was one of the two ministers in Isr ael’s history who recognized

the Armenian Genocide. Yossi was with me and Professor Yair Auron, to pay tribute at the Armen i-

an Genocide Memorial a few years ago. Yossi is now a colonist for Ha’aretz and he wrote, it’s a bit

funny but it’s all very serious, he wrote a column that he is getting calls from many people saying

“Yossi ok now is the time to recognize the Armenian Genocide and get back those miserable Turks”

and Yossi writes in the Ha’aretz “When they speak to me that way it makes me want to vomit. ”

- What means do the Jewish scholars employ for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide

by Israel? - Academically of course, professionally of course, in terms of our contributions to the culture

continuously. We are all interviewed regularly, we all give talks regularly, we are all on television

regularly. The question is whether we have any means for reaching the political level which is our

mutual enemy. And an interesting answer is that there is a proposal in the Knesset to recognize the

Armenian Genocide, it was voted positively by the Knesset a few months ago. This is a fine step -

forward. In Israel it goes from the Knesset to a committee. In America it goes from the committee

to the Congress. The man having the move in the Knesset is a Knesset member who is the head of

Israel’s tiny, weak, beautiful liberal party. His name is Haim Oron. Politically we work with Haim

Oron. By now there is a significant number of Knesset members from all the fractions including the

man who is the head of the Right Wing Government party of Knesset members who are very strong-

ly in favour of the resolution on the Armenian Genocide. We do not expect to win, I am sorry to say

this on television to Armenia. But we are doing our best. That’s all we can do in any gener ation.

WikiLeaks:

"An Assessment of the Impact of the Disclosure of U.S.

13

Diplomatic Documents” YEREVAN -- The Armenian Center for National and International Studies (ACNIS) held a

special briefing on “WikiLeaks” with an analysis of the implications of the rel ease of thousands of

formerly confidential and secret U.S. State Department cables and documents.

ACNIS Director Richard Giragosian provided a brief overview of “WikiLeaks,” a non -profit

media organization “dedicated to bringing important news and informat ion to the public” and seek-

ing to “provide a secure and anonymous way for independent sources around the world to leak i n-

formation to our journalists.” Their official mission is to “publish material of ethical, political and

historical significance” and to “reveal suppressed and censored injustices.”

Giragosian noted that WikiLeaks has already become famous before this latest release, stating

that in April 2010, WikiLeaks released a classified US military video depicting the indiscriminate

slaying of over a dozen people in Baghdad and, in July 2010, released a large set of documents, e n-

titled “War Diary: Afghanistan War Logs,” followed by a similar package of documents, entitled

“War Diary: Iraq War Logs,” released in October 2010.

He added that these latest leaks were very well organized, as WikiLeaks is working with four

prominent media organizations: “The Guardian” in Britain, “Le Monde” in France, “El Pais” in

Spain, and “Der Spiegel” in Germany. “The Guardian” has shared the material with “The New Yo rk

Times” and the five newspapers have been advising WikiLeaks on which documents to release, what

redactions to make, and when to publish, Giragosian explained.

The ACNIS director then detailed how this latest “leak of information” developed. Beginning

on 28 November 2010, “WikiLeaks” began publishing over 250,000 leaked U.S. embassy cables,

aimed at providing “an unprecedented insight into the US Government’s foreign activities.” The

cables, which date from 1966 through the end of February 2010, contain confidential communica-

tions between 274 embassies in countries throughout the world and the U.S. State Department in

Washington.

Giragosian stressed that “this was really nothing new, as throughout history, all nations have

sought to uncover the secrets of other countries. In American history, the most famous case invol v-

ing the release of secrets was when Daniel Ellsberg released the “Pentagon Papers,” a detailed re c-

ord of military and strategic planning during the war in Vietnam. What was different this time,

however, was the sheer scale of the documents represents something new and more important, and

the use of new technology (Internet, cyber security, etc.) was also something new.” In this sense,

he stressed, “WikiLeaks is only the platform, and not the source of these documents.”

He then explained that the released documents included US State Department cables covering a

broad period, from 1966 to February 2010 and originating from 274 embassies, consulates and di p-

lomatic missions. Giragosian then noted that Iraq was the most discussed country, and Ankara,

Turkey was the most active producer.

Giragosian then assessed the implications for U.S. foreign policy in the region, with a specific

focus on U.S. diplomacy toward Armenia, Nagorno Karabagh, Azerb aijan. For Armenia, the most

serious disclosure was the discovery by U.S. intelligence that Armenia had transferred Bulgarian

missiles and rockets to Iran, according to a December 2008 cable from the U.S. Secretary of State.

Those weapons were later “recovered from militant attacks in which a U.S. soldier was killed and

six others were injured in Iraq,” according to a January 2009 cable from the U.S. Embassy in Yer e-

van.

After Armenia’s alleged transfer of arms to Iran, then -Deputy Secretary of State John D. Ne-

groponte made it clear in a confidential letter to Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan that Armenia

must agree to allow U.S. inspectors to drop in unannounced, or the little country would face “the

cutoff of U.S. assistance and certain export r estrictions.” In a later January 2010 cable, the head of

the Armenian National Security Service, Chairman Gorik Hakobyan, assured the U.S. that Armenia

planned to comply with all U.S. demands, noting that “Armenia has a lot of problems and there is

no desire to create more problems.”

Armenian Military Launches Hotline For Complaints

14

YEREVAN -- Armenia’s Defense Ministry has launched a hotline for reporting complaints of

violence, corruption and other abuses within the army ranks that have had a greater public res o-

nance in recent months.

In a written statement issued on Monday, the ministry said the 24 -hour telephone service is de-

signed to help the Armenian military “rapidly react to problems related to military service and i s-

sues preoccupying citizens.”

That will also “strengthen the army-society link,” said the statement. “The secrecy of commu-

nication is guaranteed,” it added.

The hotline is the latest in a series of measures taken by the Defense Ministry and the army

command in response to a spate of non-combat deaths and other violent incidents among servic e-

men.

Dozens of officers and soldiers have been arrested, fired or demoted since August in conne c-

tion with these cases highlighting chronic problems within the Armenian army. Defense Minister

Seyran Ohanian has repeatedly pledged to crack down on army crime and make the armed forces

more transparent to the public.

Late last month, the Defense Ministry announced that army conscripts will now be allowed to

possess mobile phones and use them during a particular time of the day to be determined by their

commanders. Many of them are believed to have done so secretly until now.

The ministry said that under an agreement reached with Armenia’s two leading wireless oper a-

tors, soldiers will not be charged for outgoing phone calls to their relatives and friends agreeing to

pay for them.

It is not yet clear whether military personnel will be encouraged to report grave incidents or other

violations witnessed by them through the hotline.

Istanbul’s Armenian Architects Remembered in Exhibition

ISTANBUL -- Armenian architects, who have built many well -known structures in Istanbul, are

remembered in an exhibition that opened Wednesday at the Istanbul Modern. The exhibition di s-

plays photos of 100 buildings constructed by 4 0 Armenian architects who lived in Istanbul in the

end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century

An exhibition titled “Armenian Architects of Istanbul in the Era of Westernization,” featuring

photos of 100 buildings constructed by 40 Armenian architects who lived in Istanbul at the end of

the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, opened Wednesday at the Istanbul Modern.

The exhibition is organized in collaboration with the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Cu l-

ture Agency, Istanbul Modern, International Hrant Dink Foundation and Architects and Engineers

Solidarity Association, or HAYCAR.

At a press conference for the opening of the exhibition, chief curator Levent Çalikoglu said the

exhibition featured more than 100 works by 40 Armenian architects whose names had been forgo t-

ten, adding that the educational event would also shed light on Istanbul’s recent history. Çalikoglu

said architect Hasan Kuruyazici visually documented the buildings on every street in Kurtulus, Pa n-

galti, Taksim, Cihangir, Tarlabasi, Tünel, Galata, Eminönü and Mahmutpasa.

15

“There will also be two short films screened during the exhibition and visitors will learn about

the buildings thanks to the sound system in the exhibition area. In parallel with the exhibitio n, de-

signed by Erkal Levi, a panel discussion on Istanbul’s Armenian architects will be organized and

visitors will see the buildings accompanied by guides.”

Istanbul Capital of Culture Agency Deputy Secretary -General Mehmet Gürkan said the modern-

ization period that started during the Tanzimat reform era brought innovations in cultural fields and

resulted in changes to physical structures. He said settlement areas were also developed during that

period and the city needed architects.

Gürkan said Armenian architects made many works during that period. “Among the ones wor k-

ing for the palace, the Balyan brothers left their mark on many structures including the Çiragan,

Beylerbeyi and Dolmabahçe palaces.”

Raising awareness Speaking on behalf of the Hrant Dink Foundation, Sibel Asna said the exhibition reminded I s-

tanbul residents of forgotten Armenian architects and their structures, and had a mission to raise

awareness about the protection of those structures that are creating the silhouette of the city.

Asna said a book prepared within the scope of the exhibition, city tours and conferences would

also contribute to the issue. She said many renowned structures like Kuleli Military School, Harbiye

Military Museum, the Ortaköy Mosque, Büyükada Port, Beyazit Tower an d Kadiköy Süreyya Thea-

ter were built by Armenian architects.

The curator of the exhibition, Hasan Kuruyazici, said they attached importance to visual fe a-

tures of the exhibition during the preparation process. He said he carried out a 15 -year study about

the works of Armenian architects in Istanbul and the photography took one year.

The exhibition will run until Jan. 2.

HURRIET DAILY

Genocide Documentary "Aghet" Screened to Honor

Human Rights Day By Michelle M. Hu

(The Harvard Crimson)

In honor of this year’s Human Rights Day, the Institute of Politics and

Carr Center for Human Rights Policy spread awareness of the 1915-1923

Armenian genocide in Turkey by hosting a screening of the documentary

Aghet: Nation Murder and a discussion on how international relations have

prevented wider recognition of the incident.

Aghet, which is Armenian for “genocide,” featured never-before-seen

footage that was released to the public after 90 years in German archives.

German-Australian director Eric Friedler, who was on the panel that

spoke after the screening, produced the film with these firsthand accounts,

along with footage of modern events related to the genocide.

The discussion, featuring Friedler, Executive Director of the Carr Cen-

ter Charlie Clements, and President of the Syriac League of Lebanon Habib

Afram, focused on the genocide’s recognition in the world.

Though the systematic deportation and extermination of 1.5 million

Armenians in Turkey incited the first use of the term “genocide,” it has only

garnered recognition from 21 nations around the world, including Germany,

according to the Armenian National Institute.

The response of Germany, which was allied with Turkey during World

War I, was integral to the incident, according to Friedler. German diplomats and volunteers in Turkey during the time

documented the horrors of the genocide despite their country’s political alliance with Turkey.

Response to the film has been positive in Germany, Friedler said, although audiences “were a little bit shocked

[that the German people] were involved in another genocide too.”

In Turkey, the film is currently screened in private homes, and Friedler said it is “being given away like a por-

nographic movie, under the table.”

Audience member Noubar Afeyan, a venture capitalist in Boston whose Armenian relatives were saved from

the genocide by Germans in Turkey, said the new documentary, despite its century-old subject matter, was appropri-

ate for Human Rights Day.

“It rarely gets coverage,” he said.

16

The genocide, he explained, relates to other human rights issues such as China’s denial of Liu Xiaobo’s Nobel

Peace Prize this year.

“They all interweave,” Afeyan said, adding that the issue is relevant today because Turkey currently serves as

the sole Middle Eastern ally of the West, and the film insinuated that the United States is too afraid to venture into

demanding proper recognition. Turkey, the film stated, is “too strategically important to risk upsetting.”

A segment in the film featuring former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice stating that it was improper for the

United States to take a stance prompted laughter, booing, and hissing from the 200-member audience, many of who

were of Armenian descent.

Interview With Seta Melkonian

Remembering Monte Melkonian: Armenian Revolutionary and Karabagh Commander

This interview was conducted on the occasion of the English translation and publication of

Monte Melkonian’s book “A Self -Criticism.” The translation was made by his widow, Seta

Melkonian. By Nora Vosbigian (London)

Q: How do you feel now that “A Self-Criticism” has been published in English for the first

time? A: I feel that I have fulfilled an important responsibility. As the reader will know, Monte

wanted to present his “A Self -Citicism” to the general public since he wrote it in 1990. For twenty

years this exceptional piece of writing has been kept away for reasons that were out of my hands.

Some parts of it had been published before in the media and his biography “My Brother’s Road.”

Now that it is being published in a format that this writing is worthy of, I feel that another one of

Monte’s wishes is being realized.

Q. What can you say about the timing of this publication? A: While the timing was a coincidence, it seems everything happens for a reason. When one

considers what is happening in the world generally and in Armenia specifically, it is clear that the

timing of this publication could not have been better. People who work in the name of nations and

countries, ought to take an example from Monte. Stop look and analyze the work they are doing and

the impact they are having. Self Criticism leads to accountability, which every responsible person

should have, especially when they are acting in the name of their people. I believe there should not

be any top secrets which will put officials out of work or defame them, unless they are doing som e-

thing very wrong. It is likely they make mistakes, like everyone else, but accepting the mistakes and

correcting them is the key. That is what Monte’s A Self Criticism is about.

Q: What are your memories of Monte writing “A Self-Criticism”? A: We were living in Budapest, Hungary at the time. We had rented a small room at a middle

aged couples’ apartment. Since Monte did not like being inside especially after prison, we spent

most of our time outdoors. We usually took the bus and then walked to Margaret Island on the Da n-

ube. It was a beautiful place with thermal baths, Japanese garden and ponds with beautiful big fish

and turtles swimming in them. We would choose a comfortable spot in the sun and read, write and

converse. One rainy day we were in our little room, where there was a small, square shaped table.

Monte was at the table. He put the full stop on his writing. “Done!” he exclaimed and then handed it

to me. He had finishes A Self Cri ticism.

Q: How do you feel about the attempts to besmirch Monte’s reputation by both Turkish

circles and some Western press? A: That is what some circles are about. Besmirch good peoples’ reputation when it does not

suit them politically. I know Monte was part of a minority who deals with politics and manages to

remain honest, which is not very characteristic in those circles. I can say one thing: Monte did not

have hatred in him, especially toward nations. He loved fellow human beings, hated discriminati on

and exploitation on all levels and fought for a just world. We know that justice is not what many

politicians want.

Q: What do you consider to be Monte’s central message in“A Self -Criticism”? A: The central message in this writing is that the first st ep to correct ourselves is admitting and

accepting our mistakes. It is choosing the right path by looking back, analyzing and taking respo n-

sibility for our deeds and most importantly moving forward with a constructive attitude.

17

Q: In his writings Monte was often critical of the Armenian Government and especially so

during and following the collapse of the USSR. What do you think he would make of the cu r-

rent situation? A: He would be very disappointed. Monte was not scared to point out the mistakes that we re

being made and hoped they would be corrected. He was also against capitalism. He believed that

mistakes could be corrected and a fair and just country could be built. A country where there would

be no room for corruption, discrimination and unaccountabi lity. A country where justice, fairness

and equal rights would rule. Sadly, all these are nowhere to be found in the current Republic of A r-

menia.

Q: Can you tell us about other projects in the pipeline? I know “Reality” is due for release

in the New Year, but what other projects are being mooted regarding Monte’s rich legacy? A: Reality, which was written by Monte and a group of friends is the next project we are loo k-

ing into. There is a large number of personal letters that have been preserved and it is a huge task

that I feel I need to do, if I want to create the full picture of who Monte really was. And of course

there is his website, on which I already am working with a friend. We would like to create a kind of

virtual museum, where people could get re liable and authoritative information about Monte.

Q: Finally, what do you hope people will take away from “A Self -Criticism”? How do you

think Monte should be remembered? A: As I said above, each and every one of us should take an example from “A Self -Criticism”

to do the same. It is something that can help us even in our everyday life. It is something that Mo n-

te himself was hoping we would do, as he says “I hope that my self criticism will encourage other

comrades to write their self criticisms too. This process will only strengthen us and make our future

work healthier.”

I think Monte should be remembered for his honesty, for his high regard towards life and the world.

He should be remembered for his modesty and his disregard for material possessions.

US Court of Appeals Hands A Major Victory to Armenians

By Harut SassounianPublisher, The California Courier

In a stunning development, a federal appeals court handed Armenian-Americans a major legal and

political victory last week. It reversed its earlier ruling and decided that a California law extending the

deadline for lawsuits against life insurance companies WAS constitutional, after all!

The new ruling did much more than assist heirs of Armenian Genocide victims to file lawsuits

against insurance companies for unpaid claims. It also blocked possible legal action by Turkish organi-

zations which could have undone decades of struggle for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide by

local and state governments in the United States.

In 2009, the U.S. 9th

Circuit Court of Appeals decided that a law adopted by the California Legisla-

ture in 2000 -- extending to December 31, 2010 the statute of limitations on insurance claims -- was

unconstitutional, because it included a reference to the Armenian Genocide. In a 2-1 decision, the court

ruled that the State of California had infringed on the foreign affairs power reserved by the U.S. Con-

stitution to the federal government. Two of the three federal judges asserted that the state had contra-

vened the federal government’s policy of not acknowledging the Armenian Genocide.

I pointed out in a column I wrote in response to the 2009 appeals court decision that Judges David

Thomson and Dorothy Nelson were mistaken in claiming that Congress and states were prohibited

from adopting resolutions on the Armenian Genocide. In their majority opinion, the two Judges selec-

tively mentioned only those resolutions that were not approved by the House, ignoring that the U.S.

House of Representatives twice adopted Armenian Genocide resolutions in 1975 and 1984, and Pres.

Reagan issued a Presidential Proclamation in 1981, acknowledging the Armenian Genocide. I also

wrote that the U.S. government did NOT have an official policy of denying the Armenian Genocide. I

also wondered why the California Attorney General was not asked to file a friend of the court brief to

defend the state from unwarranted accusations that it had adopted a statute that supposedly violated the

U.S. Constitution.

Given the serious consequences of the 2009 court ruling for their clients as well as the Armenian

Cause, the Law offices of Geragos & Geragos; Kabatek, Brown, Kellner LLP; and Yeghiayan Law

Firm engaged the services of attorneys David Balabanian, David Salmons, and Erin Conroy from

Bingham McCutchen to seek a rehearing of the case. Friend of the court briefs in support of the rehear-

18

ing were filed by the Armenian National Committee of America, Armenian Bar Association, Zoryan

Institute, International Association of Genocide Scholars, EarthRights International, Center for Consti-

tutional Rights, Cong. Adam Schiff, and California Attorney General Jerry Brown.

On December 10, the same appeals court with the same judicial panel as last year’s ruled 2 to 1 that

the California law referring to the Armenian Genocide did NOT conflict with U.S. foreign policy.

Judge Nelson, switching sides, joined Judge Harry Pregerson in ruling in favor of the Armenian plain-

tiffs. "We conclude that there is no express federal policy forbidding states to use the term Armenian

Genocide," Judge Pregerson wrote for the majority. He quoted from "various statements from the fed-

eral executive and legislative branches in favor of genocide recognition." He specifically cited the Ar-

menian Genocide resolutions adopted by the House of Representatives in 1975 and 1984, and Pres.

Reagan’s Presidential Proclamation of 1981. Judge Pregerson also stated that "the federal government

has never expressed any opposition" to the recognition of the Armenian Genocide by any of the 43

states!

Following this ruling, the lawsuit against the three German insurance companies can resume, opening

the door for more lawsuits against other insurance companies, subject to a possible rehearing by a full

11-judge panel of the appeals court.

In addition, Armenian-Americans can now use the appeals court’s ruling to persuade those members

of Congress who may be reluctant to support a pending Genocide resolution out of an unfounded con-

cern that it may contradict U.S. foreign policy. The court’s ruling makes it crystal clear that the federal

government has never denied the Armenian Genocide and never objected to the plethora of U.S. cities,

counties, and states recognizing it. The decision of the appeals court should be forwarded to all mem-

bers of Congress, State Department officials, and the White House.

Neil Soltman, attorney for the three German insurance companies being sued, stated that he was baf-

fled by the appeals court’s decision. Gunay Evinch, President of the Assembly of Turkish American

Associations, called the ruling "unprecedented," "politically motivated" and "shameful."

It is noteworthy that Armenians are suing German insurance companies in California, and a Turkish

lobbying group is squirming -- for good reason!

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