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Low Dimensional Science－－－－

2011 Summer Workshop

� 主辦單位：中興大學 物理系／奈米所

� 協辦單位：彰化師範大學 物理系

東海大學 物理系

中興大學 奈米中心

中興大學 理學院半導體研究中心

中華民國 100 年 9月 6日~9 月 8日

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Low Dimensional Science－－－－2011 Summer Workshop

活動日期：100 年 9 月 6 日(星期二)~100 年 9 月 8 日(星期四)

活動地點：惠蓀林場

活動網址：http://140.120.11.1/LDS/index.htm

主辦單位：中興大學 物理系/奈米科學研究所

協辦單位：彰化師範大學 物理系、東海大學 物理系

中興大學 奈米中心、中興大學 理學院半導體研究中心

Program Committee： C. C. Su(蘇志川)

Service：K. C. Li(李國誌)

Secretary：C. C. Chen(陳佳君)、F. Y. Chiou(邱凡芸)

Coordinator：Y. W. Suen(孫允武)

9/6(二)

13:30 Bus departure @ NCHU

15:00~17:00 Forest bath

18:00 Dinner

19:30 Tutorial session

Chair: 吳仲卿

孫允武

19:30~20:10

日本京都大學 小野輝男 教授

Current-induced domain wall motion and its application

20:10~20:50 嘉義大學 羅光耀 教授

Introduction to nonlinear optics and its application on the surface and interface

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9/7(三)

8:45~10:00

Chair:

蘇志川

8:45~9:10 嘉義大學 劉宗維 Examining surface basal stacking faults of m-plane ZnO grown on LaAlO3 by reflective second harmonic generation

9:10~9:35 中興大學 李國誌 Design and Construction of a Confocal Microscope for Low-Temperature and High-Magnetic-Field Applications

9:35~10:00 中興大學 周哲甫 Adsorption and Dynamics of Platinum Atoms on Si(111)-7x7 Surface

10:00~10:20 Coffee Break

10:20~12:00

Chair:

江丞偉

10:20~10:40 中興大學 黃國祐 The study of electrical and magnetic measurements of C84 molecules embedded in Si(111) surface by self-assembly mechanism

10:40~11:00 嘉義大學 賴巧原 The application of linear and nonlinear optics by using periodically-arrayed silver-island films

11:00~11:20 彰化師大 詹忠奇 Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals

11:20~11:40 嘉義大學 黃瑞傑 The study of scattering and thermal properties on Co doped ZnO nanowire

11:40~12:00 中興大學 林宥辰 Properties of various zinc oxide nanowires fabricated by vapor-liquid-solid method

12:00 Lunch

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13:30~15:40

Chair:

何孟書

13:30~14:10 鄭兆珉 教授 Paper Diagnostic Systems

14:10~14:50 林耀東 教授 The Application of Nanotechnology on Agricultural Environment

14:50~15:30 楊謝樂 教授 Immunoassay for Viruses Uisng Magnetic Nnaoparticles as Labeling Markers

15:30~16:00 Coffee Break

16:00~18:00

Chair:

徐嘉宏

16:00~16:20 嘉義大學 鄭閔鴻 Detecting the variation of Zein protein with TiO2 photocatalyst reaction by attenuated total reflection

16:20~16:40 中興大學 方盈智 The characters of focused and unfocused ocelli of insect: ocelli are simulated by electronic circuit and optical setup

16:40~17:00 中興大學 古硯涵 Applications of tip apex modification on scanning probe microscopy

17:00~17:20 中興大學 洪子玉 Nanomechanical measurements of type 2 diabetes erythrocytes

17:20~17:40 中興大學 陳益霖 Low-frequency Noise Properties of Liquid-gated Poly-Silicon Field Effect Transistors

17:40~18:00 中興大學 蘇稜皓

The specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements by 3ω

method

18:00 Dinner

19:30~ 出國進修研究分享(中興大學 劉少勳)

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9/8(四)

8:45~10:00

Chair:

劉少勳

8:45~9:10 彰化師大 李晃銘 Surface plasmon polaritons assisted transmission in periodic superconducting grating

9:10~9:35 彰化師大 徐嘉宏 Magnetization reversal in the hundred-nanometer-scaled hollow permalloy cylinders array

9:35~10:00 彰化師大 曹嶸 Study of Pinning Phenomena in Nb Thin Films with Regular Composite Pinning Arrays

10:00~10:20 Coffee Break

10:20~12:00

Chair:

周哲甫

10:20~10:40 彰化師大 王聖豪 Study of the rectified vortex motion in the arrays of defect sites on Nb films

10:40~11:00 彰化師大 歐奕欣 Thickness Dependent Transmission Spectra of Gold Nanoring Arrays

11:00~11:20 交通大學 黃柏瑜 Efficiency Prediction and Interface Effects of Organic/Crystalline Silicon Hybrid Solar Cells

11:20~11:40 交通大學 楊承穎 Near-field Optical Beam Induced Current (NOBIC) Characteristics of a GaAs Solar Cell with Biomimetic Antireflective Structures

11:00~12:00 中興大學 林育正 Ferromagnetic Resonance Properties of Ni3Fe Nanowire Arrays

12:00 Lunch

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14:00~16:00

Chair:

李國誌

14:00~14:20 中興大學 陳宏年 Properties of High-Tc YBCO nanobridges

14:20~14:40 中興大學 蘇于宗 Josephson Effects in High-Tc YBCO Variable-Thickness Bridges

14:40~15:00 嘉義大學 李永慶

Robustness of quantum Hall effect at increased measurement current

15:00~15:30 Coffee Break

15:30~16:00 Closing Ceremony

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Current-induced domain wall motion and its application

日本京都大學 小野輝男 教授

Teruo Ono

Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan

Electrical displacement of a domain wall (DW) is a prospective method for information processing in new type of magnetic non-volatile memories and logic devices. Although such novel spintronic devices require a low DW drive current and a high DW de-pinning field for stable information retention, the material which satisfies these conditions has not yet been reported in spite of intensive experimental studies.

We show that Co/Ni multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is a promising material that satisfies the requirement described above. An electric current can drive a DW in one direction regardless of the polarity of a magnetic field in a Co/Ni nano-wire with perpendicular magnetization, i.e., the current can drive a DW against a magnetic field. Furthermore, both the DW velocity and the threshold current density for the DW motion show almost no dependence on the external magnetic field. These counter-intuitive behaviors can be interpreted as the consequence that the intrinsic pinning mechanism determines the threshold current, and the adiabatic spin torque dominates the DW motion in this system [1-6]. The established field-insensitivity of the electrical DW motion is promising for future spintronics applications based on the DW motion.

This work was partly supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Spintronics nonvolatile devices project.

References

[1] T. Koyama et al., Nature Materials, 10 (2011) 194.

[2] T. Koyama et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (2011) 192509.

[3] K. Ueda et al., Appl. Phys. Express 4 (2011) 063003.

[4] D. Chiba et al., Appl. Phys. Express3 (2010) 073004.

[5] H. Tanigawa et al., Appl. Phys. Express2 (2009) 053002.

[6] T. Koyama et al., Appl. Phys. Express1 (2008) 101303.

Introduction to nonlinear optics and its application on the surface and interface

嘉義大學 羅光耀 教授

Kuang Yao Lo

Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.

The theory of light waves at the boundary of nonlinear optical media was first presented in 1962. Following the theory and the laser invention, second harmonic reflected light from media without inversion symmetry was observed. The research field of nonlinear optics was opened and the related studies were widely extended. Among the various optical spectroscopies used to inspect and probe surfaces and interfaces, second harmonic generation (SHG) optical method have obtained wide recognition for their ability in determining structural symmetry and polar configuration. Based on the sensitivity of the surface and interface, SHG method is applied to analyze the surface of semiconductor, biomaterial, magnetic material and other polar material. We used RSHG technique to prove implanted Si, vicinal implanted Si and ZnO thin film. Structure variations through various physical treatments and growth conditions were inspected and explained by RSHG results. With the assistance of other tools, more physical explanations could be stretched by SHG technique.

References

[1]. Y. R. Shen, Nature 337, 519 (1989)

[2]. G. Lupke, Surface Science Reports 35, 75 (1999)

[3]. K.Y. Lo, and Y.J. Huang, Physical Review B, 76, 035306 (2007)

[4]. K.Y. Lo, Y. J. Huang, and et al Applied Physics Letters, 90, 161904, (2007)

[5]. K.Y. Lo, Shih-Chieh Lo, and et al, Applied Physics Letter, 92, 091909 (2008) .

[6]. Y.J. Huang, K.Y. Lo, and et al, Applied Physics Letters 95, 091904 (2009)

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Examining surface basal stacking faults of m-plane ZnO grown on LaAlO3 by reflective

second harmonic generation 嘉義大學 劉宗維

Chung-Wei Liu(劉宗維)1, S.J. Chang(張守進)1,4, Kuang-Yao Lo（羅光耀)2,4*,

Yen-Teng Ho（何炎騰)3, and Chun-Chu Liu（劉春菊)2 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Microelectronics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 2 Department of Applied Physics, National Chia Yi University, ChiaYi 600, Taiwan 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, 4Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center,

Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan The surface defect of basal stacking faults (BSFs) on m-plane ZnO grown on LaAlO3(112) substrate was analyzed

by reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG), which is a technique with the ability of inspect the dipole structure. RSHG pattern from m-plane ZnO is composed of the bulk dipole contribution of ZnO and a mirror symmetrical dipole contribution, formed by these defects. The formation of BSFs was raised from the difference of biaxial lattice mismatch which 1% along the direction perpendicular to the c-axis of ZnO and 2.9% parallel to the c-axis of ZnO. Moreover, the formation of BSFs is correlated to the stress between the m-plane ZnO and LaAlO3(112). The stress relaxation would give rise to the formation of BSFs. The trend is found by RSHG and agreed with AFM and XRD.

References

[1] K. Y. Lo, Y. J. Huang, J. Y. Huang, Z. C. Feng, W. E. Fenwick, M. Pan, and I. T. Ferguson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 161904 (2007). [2] K. Y. Lo, S. C. Lo, C. F. Yu, T. Tite, J. Y. Huang, Y. J. Huang, R. C. Chang, and S. Y. Chu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 091909 (2008). [4] Yen-Teng Ho, Wei-Lin Wang, Chun-Yen Peng, Wei-Chun Chen, Mei-Hui Liang, Jr.-Sheng Tian, and Li Chang, Phys. Status

Solidi RRL 3, No. 4, 109– 111 (2009). [5] Wei-Lin Wang, Yen-TengHo,Kun-AnChiu,Chun-YenPeng,LiChang, Journal of Crystal Growth 312 (2010) 1179–1182.

*kuanglo@mail.ncyu.edu.tw

Design and Construction of a Confocal Microscope for Low-Temperature and

High-Magnetic-Field Applications

中興大學 李國誌

K. C. Lee and Y. W Suen

Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C

We design a confocal optical microscope system for probing samples in a low-temperature (4.2 K) and high-magnetic-field (14 T) environment. Because of the limitation of the conventional cryogenic dewar, this system has a very long optical path of 1600 mm compared to a typical microscope. As mention above, it will cause a very large aberration. We carefully adjust the lens configuration to reduce the aberration by using ZEMAX simulation. The objective lens, which will be in the low temperature environment, with a 50 mm focal length is composed of two plano-convex and a plano-concave fused silica lenses. The tube lens in the optical head is made up of two plano-convex lenses and with a 200 mm focal length. The magnification of this optical system is about four times. CCD camera device is assisted in monitor the sample and a red light emitted diodes (LEDs) is adapted as the light source of the optical microscope due to the limit of wavelength of the dichroic mirror. We placed these LEDs between the objective lens and sample. In front of the CCD, we install a lens set to control fields of view. Between the tube lens and fiber, we setup a spatial filter to reduce stray light. The sample stage is equipped with a XY scanner and three positioners by making from Attocube, and its housing is totally made of Titanium. The mechanical assemblage and preliminary results will be presented.

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Adsorption and Dynamics of Platinum Atoms on Si(111)-7x7 Surface

中興大學 周哲甫

Che-Fu Chou, Chou-MinYang, Mon-Shu Ho

Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University

In this study, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to investigate the adsorption and dynamics of platinum atoms on Si(111) - 7x7 surface. The hopping paths of platinum on Si(111) - 7x7 surface were proposed. At high temperature, a platinum atom can crossing the boundary of half unit cells. Using Arrhenius plot can calculate the activation energies. The energies are 1.08±0.12eV from FHUCs jump to UFHUCs and 0.61±0.08eV from UFHUCs jump to FHUCs. So that the platinum atoms almost location at the FHUCs. When the Si subtracts heated to 332K, there is a new adsorption states formed by platinum and silicon. And after temperature up to 340K, there was only the new adsorption states could be observed.

The study of electrical and magnetic measurements of C84 molecules embedded in Si(111)

surface by self-assembly mechanism

中興大學 黃國祐

Kuo-You Huang (黃國祐), Fan-Yun Chiu(邱凡芸), Chih-Pong Huang(黃至鵬), Mon-Shu Ho (何孟書)

Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University

The fullerene molecules has been taken seriously and studied extensively because of its special structure and special properties.

C84 is one of the fullerene family ,it composed of 84 carbon atoms ,and it looks like an elliptic ball. In this experiment ,we evaporated the C84 molecules deposited on the Si substrate surface by k-cell in ultra-high vacuum environments. Topography images of C84 embedded in Si(111) substrate were taken by the ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope. The electrical properties were measured by the scanning tunneling spectroscopy to measure.

The previous study indicated that, the structure of rhombohedral polymeric -C60 molecules has a ferromagnetic properties at room temperature, so we use the Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) to measure the sample. We also use magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to observe the magnetic images and found that C84 molecule clusters can form magnetic domains. There were non-uniform distribution of the C84 molecule clusters observed by a wide-range- scanning.

The application of linear and nonlinear optics by using periodically-arrayed silver-island films

嘉義大學 賴巧原

Chian-Yuan Lai(賴巧原)1,&, Chia-Jung Hsu(許家榮)2, Kuo-Pin Chiu(邱國斌)3

Juh-Tzeng Lue(呂助增)2 and Kuang Yao Lo(羅光耀)1,*

1. Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan 2. Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan

3. Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan. We have proven The characteristics of angle-resolved optical second harmonic generation (SHG) reflectance from

periodically-arrayed silver-island films were investigated. The silver-island films were fabricated using micro-spherical lithography. The SHG intensity from these arrays was more than one order of magnitude greater than that of flat silver films for some angles of incidence. This enhancement arises from the excitation of surface plasmon resonance at the pumping frequency. We found this resonance by analyzing the reciprocal lattice phase-matching condition for the silver-island films. The predicted surface plasmon wave vectors are in good agreement with those obtained using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. This work reports the possibility of using periodically-arrayed silver-island films to linear and nonlinear optics. However, more witness is needed for SP wave existing on separated silver-island films. Periodically-arrayed silver-island films will be coated on prism in order to perform attenuated total reflection experiment. The expected result should indicate that the reciprocal lattice of these silver-island films would modify the dip position of ATR spectrum.

* Electronic mail: kuanglo@mail.ncyu.edu.tw

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Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals

彰化師大 詹忠奇

詹忠奇,1 石豫臺 2,陳品叡 3,李振銘 3,

1 Institute of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Zhanghua, Taiwan 2Department of Physics ,National Changhua University of Education, Zhanghua, Taiwan 3Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Zhanghua, Taiwan

In this study, zinc oxide nanocrystals were synthesized by a simple sol-gel method. The size of the nanocrystals was controlled by the molar concentration of zinc acetate dissolved in an ethanol solution. The synthesized nanocrystals were characterized by the measurements of transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The relationship between the quantum confinement effect and the optical properties of the nanocrystals was discussed according to the results of photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, absorption and Raman spectra.

References

[1] K.F. Lin ,H.M. Cheng, Chemical Physics Letters. 409 , 208 (2005). [2] Y. Liu, W. Luo, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112 , 686 (2008).

The study of scattering and thermal properties on Co doped ZnO nanowire

嘉義大學 黃瑞傑

Rui-Jie Huang1,&(黃瑞傑) Chung-Wei Liu2(劉宗維)1, S.J. Chang2(張守進), Peng-Han Wang1(王鵬翰), Yan-Shen

Lin1(林延信) Min-Chia, Su1(蘇泯嘉) and Kuang Yao Lo1,*(羅光耀)

1. Department of Applied Physics, National Chia Yi University, ChiaYi 600, Taiwan 2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Microelectronics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan

Co doped ZnO nanowire was fabricated by hydrothermal method. The quality of the seed layer is the key issue to influence the formation of ZnO nanowire. Post annealing of the seed layer is a process to study the correlation between the seed layer and ZnO nanowire growth. ZnO nanowire samples are also treated with annealing process in order to study the thermal influence to the quality and morphological variation of ZnO nanowires.

Traditional analysis instrument are used to realize the physics of Co doped ZnO nanowire. Such as , scanning electron microscope (SEM) is adopted to study the morphological observation, X-ray diffraction(XRD) is performed in the quality inspection, the results of transmission spectrum (TS) and photolumiescence spectrum (PL) revealed the energy diagram, defects and surface morphology of ZnO nanowire. However, more than two variations hides in TS among before and after annealing process. The changes in the quality and structure of ZnO nanowire would reflect to the slope around 3.3eV in TS, but scattering effect would cover some of above region. High surface-volume ratio of ZnO nanowires could be applied to the requirement of high absorption in optoelectronics. Surface morphology of ZnO nanowire induces the scattering and reduces the TS intensity. In this work, we try to distinguish the scattering effect from TS. The results from TS, XRD, SEM and PL would present a detailed information to exclude out the quality change and to make the scattering clear.

* Email: kuanglo@mail.ncyu.edu.tw

Properties of various zinc oxide nanowires fabricated by vapor-liquid-solid method

中興大學 林宥辰

Y.-C. Lin(林宥辰),W.C. Chang(張韋誠), M.-S. Ho(何孟書)

Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

In recent studies, the photosensitive properties of zinc oxide were wildly applied to fabricate various photoelectric devices, such as zinc oxide detectors, zinc oxide photosensitive field effect transistors, etc. In this presentation, we use different lengths and different dopants of zinc oxide nanowires to discuss their effect to photosensitive properties.

Zinc oxide nanowires and nanorods were grown by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method. By adjusting the growing condition, various lengths and morphology of products were produced. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and other analyzing instruments were used to determine the material properties, as morphology, crystal structures, grown orientation, composition of zinc oxide nanowires and nanorods.

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Paper Diagnostic Systems

清華大學 鄭兆珉

Chao-Min Cheng

National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Developing methods to answer specific scientific questions is one of the practical approaches for doing science; optical microscopy, for example, has been a fundamental method of biological or medical discovery for more than three centuries. Building systems or tools to solve current issues existed in the world (e.g., infectious diseases) is also one of the attracting projects that we can involve and contribute. The developing world needs diagnostic devices that have the lowest cost, function without supporting equipment (e.g., electricity, pumps, optics), can be integrated with wireless communication technology for telemedicine, and are portable and easy to operate. Due to this reason, for last few years, we have developed multiple “simple” technologies, which can be used in the developing world. I will talk about what we have done in the Whitesides Research Group at Harvard (and what I will focus at National Tsing Hua University), including 3-D paper-based microfluidics, paper-based ELISA for HIV detection as well as paper-based portable device for biochemical analysis.

Immunoassay for Viruses Uisng Magnetic Nnaoparticles as Labeling Markers

S.Y. Yang (楊謝樂)

MagQu Co., Ltd.(Sindian Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan)

Instead of real-time PCR for quantitatively detecting viruses, a novel assay platform has been demonstrated. The core technology for this novel assay is so-called immunomagnetic reduction (IMR). In IMR, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies are used as labeling markers for target viruses. The ac magnetic susceptibility of magnetic reagent is reduced as particles associate with target viruses. The reduction percentage in the ac magnetic susceptibility depends on the concentration of the target viruses. The experimental results shown that the virus-concentration dependent reduction percentage in ac magnetic susceptibility follows the logistic function. This implies IMR can be applied to quantitative detection for viruses.

The specificity of assaying viruses using IMR is investigated. Due to the rotation of particles under external ac magnetic fields, the viruses binding onto particles experience centrifugal forces. The force strength is proportional to the square of the rotation frequency. Hence, as the frequency increases to a certain value, the centrifugal force can against the binding between the non-target viruses and particles. Thus, a high specificity can be achieved for IMR.

Such characterizations have been explored for swine viruses, orchid viruses, potato viruses, and grouper viruses. The assay results obtained via IMR are compared with that via real-time PCR. A high consistence is resulted.

In summary, IMR can be promisingly applied to assay viruses. Besides, IMR does show several unique merits in practical applications:

1. Only on kind of antibody is used with magnetic reagent. 2. The low-detection limit is very close to that of real-time PCR. 3. The processes for extraction virus particles are simple. It is not necessary to extract DNA/RNA for PRC

processes. 4. The cross reaction is significantly depressed physically, not chemically. 5. The operation for signal detections are easy, just mix the reagent and the extracted virus solution.

References

[1] Chin-Yih Hong, C.C. Wu, Y.C. Chiu, S.Y. Yang, H.E. Horng, and H.C. Yang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 212512 (2006). [2] S.Y. Yang, Z.F. Jian, J.J. Chieh, H.E. Horng, H.C. Yang, and Chin-Yih Hong, J. Virol. Methods 149, 334 (2008). [3] S.Y. Yang, Z.F. Jian, H.E. Horng, Chin-Yih Hong, H.C. Yang, C.C Wu, and Y.H. Lee, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320, 2688 (2008). [4] S.Y. Yang, W.C. Wang, C.B. Lan,C.H. Chen, J.J. Chieh, H.E. Horng, Chin-Yih Hong, H.C. Yang,C.P. Tsai, C.Y. Yang, I.C. Cheng, W.C. Chung, J. Virol. Methods 164, 14 (2010). [5] M.W. Lu, S.Y. Yang, H.E. Horng, C.C. Yang, J.J. Chieh, Y.W. Hong, C.Y. Hong, H.C. Yang, and J.L. Wu, submitted to J. Virol. Mehtod (2011).

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The Application of Nanotechnology on Agricultural Environment

中興大學 林耀東

Yao-Tung Lin

Department of Soil and Environmental Science, National Chunghsing University

The American Ceramics Society has defined nanotechnology as “The creation, processing, characterization and utilization of materials, devices, and systems with dimensions on the order of 0.1 to 100 nanometers, exhibiting novel and significantly enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties, functions, phenomena, and processes due to their nanoscale size.” (Janeway, 2003). Nanotechnology has emerged as a major driver for future industry and economy. Many commercial goods and devices have already been marketed. These nano-products and devices are not only cheaper but also perform better compared with their bulk counter parts. Nanotechnology will have high impact on the industry by differentiating new features from the existing product categories, significant cost reduction, and process advantages. It is predicted that the nano-market will reach $29 billion (USD) by 2008 with an annual growth of >5 % (NanoProduct, 2003).

Consumer spending throughout the world has been reduced under the impact of global financial crisis. Taiwan’s total exports this year have also decreased dramatically, but the export of Taiwan fruits has maintained its growing trend. Between January and July 2009 the amount and value of fresh fruit exports grew by 48.7 and 11.6% to 23,257 metric tons and US$331.16 million, respectively. And pineapple, mango, tangerine, guava, carambola, sugar apple, wax apple and jujube exports have increased significantly. Taiwan fruits have become more and more popular on the world market due to their high quality and diversified varieties. In Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, mainland China, the United States and Canada, Taiwan fruits have increased their market shares, with Japan accounting for more than 50% of Taiwan fruit exports. “Taiwan fruits are of high quality and the price is more reasonable than local produce, so they are very popular in Japan. The price of Taiwan Irwin mangos is second only to mangos produced in Miyazaki Prefecture on the Japanese market,” noted Dr. Shu-hsien Chang of International affairs Department, the Council of Agriculture (COA). The export of Taiwan fruits to mainland China has been increasing since cross-strait direct flights began, with the January-July export value growing by almost 20% compared with the same period in 2008 (COA, 2009).

However, post-harvest fruits are prone to deterioration in tastes and appearance due to the ripening process which is triggered by self producing ethylene. Currently, ethylene can be controlled by biological and/or by environmental methods. The biological control in essence is to slow the self-production of ethylene in fruits post harvest. This is done by lowering the temperature of the storage space such as cooling or genetically altering the gene that controls the production of ethylene in fruits. Cooling is a common practice as long as the fruits are in storage, but it is impractical during shipping and therefore is energy intensive. Genetic engineering control has low public acceptance due to the fear for long-term health risk. Atmospheric control of ethylene is generally performed by using physical-chemical methods such as chemical oxidation with potassium permanganate or the adsorption with activated carbon and charcoal incorporated with Pd (Abe & Watada, 1991). But adsorbents, especially the Pd-impregnated one, can have large environmental footprint. Recently photocatalytic TiO2 has also been investigated as a means to remove ethylene by oxidation (Lin et al. 2010). Catalysts in the form of multivalent-metal oxides have also been suggested (Conte et al. 1992). Photocatalytic TiO2 is effective, but it only works in the presence of (solar) light. There is need to develop effective adsorbents and catalysts of small environmental footprint for the removal of ethylene.

The research aim at developing nanomaterials for the control of the post-harvest ripening process of fruits. The goal is to develop innovative methods for the removal of ethylene in-situ using nanomaterials, namely, nano-adsorbents and nano-catalysts. Nanosensor, specifically for on-line real-time monitoring of ethylene molecules will also be attempted. The responses of plants and animals to these newly synthesized nanomaterials will also be assessed in vivo using plants and animal cells. Benchmark dose approach will be used to establish the reference dose or concentration (RfD or RfC), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) of the new nano-materials to be synthesized.

13

Detecting the variation of Zein protein with TiO2 photocatalyst reaction by attenuated total

reflection

嘉義大學 鄭閔鴻

Yi-Yuan Jheng (鄭伊淵), Ming-Hung Cheng (鄭閔鴻) and Kuang Yao Lo* (羅光耀)

1 Department of Electrophysics, National Chia Yi University, ChiaYi 600, Taiwan

A biosensor is an analytical device for the detection of biomolecular interaction analysis and is helpful to the development of medical appliance. The biosensor has high sensitivity and selectivity with combining photoelectric technology and biochemistry. The technique of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is commonly used for monitoring the micro-adsorption of biomolecules among numerous biosensors. The SPR-based sensors have many advantages, such as label-free, real time, high sensitivity and accuracy so that it widely applies in many areas.

In this study, we developed a novel SPR biosensor that can acquire the data of full SPR spectrum in real time, called full-SPR-spectrum image sensor. This system was improved from attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique. It was utilized convex lenses to generate a cone-shaped beam and cause the multi-angle of incident light. A dark line which indicates the dip position of the SPR spectrum was shown in the full-SPR-spectrum image. This system is applied to detect the variation of Zein protein with TiO2 photocatalyst reaction. By analyzing the data of images, we observed the shift of SPR dip and estimated the various adsorptions.

* Email: kuanglo@mail.ncyu.edu.tw

The characters of focused and unfocused ocelli of insect: ocelli are simulated by

electronic circuit and optical setup

中興大學 方盈智

Ying-Chih Fang1 (方盈智), and Ming-Chih Shih1, 2 (施明智)

1Institute of NanoScience, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 2Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

Many insects have two or three ocelli on the front of their heads. They are considered to assist compound eyes

detecting light intensity. However, they are unfocused seriously (farsightedness)1, so it is difficult to form clear image by ocelli. The poor resolution of ocelli is associated with helping to balance the insect during flight2. We study their characters through electronic circuit and optical setup to simulate focused and unfocused ocelli. It is found that unfocused ocelli have stronger signal, larger range of detection, and poorer angular resolution than focused one when viewing wide range of light source in our experiments.

Reference

1R.P. Berry et al., Vision Research 47, 1382 (2007).

2M. Wilson, J. Comp. Physiol. A 124, 297 (1978).

Applications of tip apex modification on scanning probe microscopy

中興大學 古硯涵

Y.-H. Ku,1 and M.-N. Chang,1 P.-L. Chen,2 C.-C. Yang,2 and C.-Y. Su2

1Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 2Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan

In this work, we have modified dull tips by electron beam induced deposition (EBID) in order to improve the

measurements of scanning probe microscopy. For atomic force microscopy (AFM), a high-aspect-ratio tip is capable of precisely acquiring the topographic images of deep trench structures. For field-sensitive scanning probe microscopy, such as electric force microscopy (EFM) and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), a high-aspect-ratio tip may obviously reduce the stray field effect on experimental results, improving the spatial resolution of measurements. The AFM images also revealed that the EBID-modified tip is capable of analyzing trench profiles with higher spatial resolution. In addition, the tip apex modification is also helpful to recycle and to reuse the used AFM tips.

14

Nanomechanical measurements of type 2 diabetes erythrocytes

中興大學 洪子玉

T. J. Hong1, Y. J. Chao2, C. J. Chen1, Y. S. Lee1, F. J. Kuo1, C. T. Chiang1, M. H. Fan1, M. S. Ho1

1Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University 2Institute of Biophysics, National Chung Hsing University

Diabetes is one of the common diseases of people, especially type 2 Diabetes. According to the previously studies,

type 2 Diabetes have found that human red blood cell from patients appear abnormal morphology. In this study, we utilize atomic force microscopy to observe the morphology of the normal and the abnormal

erythrocytes from type 2 Diabetes. The comparison and analysis for normal erythrocytes and type 2 Diabetes human red blood cells were discussed. We can also get a relation between the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values with erythrocytes. From this research, maybe facilitate the future work about type 2 diabetes.

Low-frequency Noise Properties of Liquid-gated Poly-Silicon Field Effect Transistors

中興大學 陳益霖

Y. L. Chen1

1Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

We study the low-frequency noise properties of poly-silicon liquid-gate field effect transistors (FET). The device is used as a sensor to detect different pH value variation. There are two kind of different source-drain channels. One is the single-wire channel and another is the multi-wire channel. The channel lengths are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 µm, respectively. The typical resistances of the drain-source channels are from few kΩ to hundreds of kΩ at room temperature. The gate voltage (Vgs) is provided by a home-made battery bank. The drain-source voltage (Vds) is given by the internal DC voltage source of the current amplifier (SR570). The drain-source current (Ids) is amplified by SR570 and then fed into a low-noise voltage preamplifier (SR560). Finally, the time-domain signal is detected by a network signal analyzer (SR780). We can deduce the noise spectral density from the time-domain data by computer programming. We examine the noise behaviors at various Vgs or Vds conditions. At same Vgs, we find that the higher Vds is, the larger the noise becomes. The excess noise of the source-drain channels is also investigated.

The specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements by 3ωωωω method 中興大學 蘇稜皓

L. H. Su

Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C

The 3ω methods are general used to measure the thermal conductivity and specific heat of a substrates adjoining to strip heater or a suspended wire. We will present the general case of a line heater that is also used to sense temperature. The heater create a temperature fluctuation and as a sensor to measure its thermal response. The heater wire is heated by applying a sinusoidal current at an angular frequency ω, which causes a temperature and resistance variation at an angular frequency, 2ω, leading to a voltage signal at 3ω. The sample is connected as a four-terminal resistor to a digital lock-in amplifier, which is used to detect the in-phase and out-of-phase 3ω voltages resulting from the applied 1ω current. With a modern lock-in amplifier, no common-mode voltage subtraction is necessary, which simplifies the experiment compared to the common practice of balancing a bridge or using a multiplying digital-to-analog converter. The preliminary results and mechanical parts will be presented.

[1] David G. Gahill and R. O. Pohl, Phys. Rev. B 35, 4067 (1986)

[2] Chris Dames and Gang Chen, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 124902 (2005)

15

Surface plasmon polaritons assisted transmission in periodic superconducting grating

彰化師大 李晃銘

Huang-Ming Lee (李晃銘), Jia-Hong Shyu (徐嘉宏), Lance Horng (洪連輝), Jong-Ching Wua (吳仲卿)

Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan

a phjcwu@cc.ncue.edu.tw To overcome the drawback of dielectric losses, optical devices composed of superconductors have been proposed

[1-4], in which the dielectric function of the dispersive superconductor is governed by frequency and temperature. Herein, we demonstrate the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) assisted transmission in periodic Nb grating numerically. The near-field profile shows that the transmission maximums and minimums are due to the formation of SPPs in symmetric and asymmetric arrangements. We perform numerical calculations using finite element method [5] in conjunction with a two-fluid model [6]. The drawing of Nb grating surrounded by vacuum is displayed in Figure (a), where the cross-section of Nb grating is assumed to be circle with diameter D and period a. Figure (b) shows the transmission spectra of the Nb grating as a function of normalized frequency ω* with D = 0.4a and temperature T = 8.9 K. As ω* swept from 0 to 1, the 100% transmission is gradually decreased approaching to zero transmission except for two very sharp transmission peaks appeared at ω* of around 0.45. The two sharp transmissions denoted as SPP1 and SPP2 are observed due to the formation of SPPs that are symmetrically formed along the surface of Nb grating as displayed in the near field profiles in the insets of Figure (b). On the contrary, the deep dips between two sharp transmission peaks are attributed to the asymmetric formation of SPPs that block electromagnetic wave propagating through Nb grating. The simulation results apparently indicate that dynamic formation of symmetric SPPs can assist the transmission in the periodic Nb grating.

(a) (b)

[1] H. M. Lee. C. Y. Lin, Lance Horng, J. C. Wu, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 09E119 (2010). [2] H. M. Lee, J. C. Wu, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 09E149 (2010). [3] H. M. Lee, J. H. Shyu, L. Horng, J. C. Wu, J. Va.c. Sci. Technol. B 29(4), 04D105 (2011). [4] H. M. Lee, J. H. Shyu, L. Horng, J. C. Wu, Applied Optics 50, 3860 (2011). [5] COMSOL RF module user’s guide, 2010. [6] M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).

16

Magnetization reversal in the hundred-nanometer-scaled hollow permalloy cylinders array

彰化師大 徐嘉宏

Y. C. Huang, C.Y. Kou, J. H. Shyu, C. M. Lee, Lane Horng and J. C. Wu* Graduate Institute of Photoncs, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan

Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Techgnology, Douliou, 64002,

Taiwan

* Corresponding author: J. C. Wu, Phone:+886-4-7232105#3343, E-mail:phjcwu@cc.ncue.edu.tw

Highly anisotropic magnetic properties of nanostructures, such as infinite hollow/solid magnetic cylinders, are

scientifically and technologically interesting for fundamental physics understanding and potential applications in spintronics. However, infinite hollow cylinders are not suitable to be connected with electronic device in reality. The

solution is using finite cylinders to instead of infinite cylinders. In this report, magnetization reversal in hundred-nanometer-scaled permalloy hollow cylinders arrays have been investigated by using an alternating gradient magnetometer. The dimension of a permalloy hollow cylinder was fabricated as a diameter of 300 nm, a height of 800

nm, and a wall thickness of 20 nm as shown in Fig. 1. The arrays are arranged in hexagonal lattices with periods in ranging from 500 to 1500 nm. M-H loops reveal magnetization reversal behaviors of permalloy cylinder arrays when the hexternal magnetic fields are perpendicular and parallel to the long axis of a cylinder. Figure 2 shows the easy axis

of a individual permalloy cylinder is perpendicular to the long axis of cylinder and the coercive field is about 15 Oe that is smaller than permalloy sheet film (is about 50 Oe). With increasing the inter-coupling between cylinders, the coercive

fields of a permalloy cylinder array is increased.

Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs showing the hollow permalloy cylinders array with a diameter D = 300 nm, a height h = 800 nm and a period P = 750 nm.

-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

P = 1300 nm

M/M

S

H(Oe)

M/M

S

H(Oe)

P = 500 nm

-2000 0 2000

-1

0

1

Figure 2. M-H loops of permalloy cylinder arrays with period P = 500 nm and 1300 nm, respectively, for perpendicular fields. Insert: M-H loops of permalloy cylinder array with period P = 1300 nm for perpendicular and parallel fields, respectively.

17

Study of Pinning Phenomena in Nb Thin Films with Regular Composite Pinning Arrays

彰化師大 曹嶸

R.Cao,1 Lance Horng,1, T. C. Wu,3 C. M. Chen,1 J. C. Wu,1 T. J. Yang 2

1Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

3Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei 632, Taiwan

Superconducting films with composite pinning sites are made with electron-beam lithography and reaction dry etching techniques. Two series of samples with different kinds of composite arrays are made. These composite pinning arrays consist of relatively large pinning sites and relatively small pinning sites. In all the samples, the distance between the neighboring pinning sites is 400 nm. For the first series of samples (series A), the large pinning sites are positioned on a honeycomb grid and the small pinning sites are positioned at the center of every hexagonal cell formed by the large pinning sites. For the second series of samples (series B), the small pinning sites are positioned on a honeycomb grid and the large pinning sites are positioned at the center of every hexagonal cell formed by the small pinning sites. In these samples, the diameter of the large pinning sites is kept as 300 nm, and the sizes of the small pinning sites are 150 nm, 200 nm and 250 nm respectively. Magnetotransport measurements are carried out by a four-probe technique. Special critical currents matching peaks are observed for these films at different temperatures. The positions and structures of the matching peaks seem irregular and are very different from those for previously explored films, such as films with triangular, square or honeycomb pinning arrays. There are prominent 50 and 100 Oe intervals between the matching peaks which are corresponding to the density of the large and small pinning site density. By considering the multiple-vortex filling of different pinning sites and simulations of the film with different pinning sites, we could give a reasonable explanation to this interesting phenomenon.

Fig. 1 SEM images of the Nb films on top of the hole array after patterning.

Study of the rectified vortex motion in the arrays of defect sites on Nb films

彰化師大 王聖豪

Sheng Hao Wang(王聖豪) 1, T. C. Wu(吳添全)2, Lance Horng(洪連輝)1, J. C. Wu(吳仲卿)1

1Departmen of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan

2Departmen of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei 632, Taiwan

Superconducting niobium thin films with spacing-graded array of submicrometer-scaled holes had been fabricated by sputtering and electron-beam lithography techniques. The electrical characteristics and magnetoresistance measurements were realized with the external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the film plane by the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), in which commensurable effects were observed in both experiments. It was obvious that rectified voltage was exhibited in the measurements when the vortex lattice is driven by an injected alternating current. The magnetoresistance with positive/negative directions of direct current revealed the same curves except the dips at matching fields separated.Two different current-voltage curves, which resulted from the positive and negative applied current directions, were discerned when the external magnetic field was fixed at the matching fieldIt is believed to be due to asymmetry pinning potential in the spacing-graded array of holes. [1] T. C. Wu, L. Horng, J. C. Wu, C. W. Hsiao, Jan Koláček, T. J. Yang, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08M515 (2006) [2] T. C. Wu, R. Cao, T. J. Yang, L. Horng, J. C. Wu, Jan Koláček, Solid State Commun. 143, 171 (2010) [3] D. Perez de Lara, et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 174503 (2010)

A1 B1

18

Thickness Dependent Transmission Spectra of Gold Nanoring Arrays 彰化師大 歐奕欣

Neil Ou, Huang-ming Lee, Jia-Hong Shyu, and Jong-Ching Wu

Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan 50007

Optical transmission properties of periodic gold nanoring arrays fabricated on a free-standing silicon nitride membrane have been investigated experimentally and numerically. The transmission dips caused by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are observed and the simulated results show pretty good agreement with the experimental data. The analysis of the electric field distributions indicates the existence of symmetric bonding modes and asymmetric anti-bonding modes of LSPR in the gold nanoring arrays. In addition, the electric field may be enhanced not only at the center of the gold nanorings but also in the spaces between the rings. Moreover, a transition from the anti-bonding mode to bonding mode is achieved by increasing the thickness of the ring. This phenomenon could be interpreted by the effect of linewidth-thickness ratio successfully. These properties may provide valuable and promising applications of advanced LSPR optical devices.

References

[1] J. Aizpurua, P. Hanarp, D. S. Sutherland, M. Käll, Garnett W. Bryant, and F. J. Garcı´a de Abajo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 057401 (2003).

[2] Elin M. Larsson, Joan Alegret, Mikael Kall, and Duncan S. Sutherland, Nano Lett. 7, 1256 (2007). [3] Jian Ye, Pol Van Dorpe1, Liesbet Lagae, Guido Maes and Gustaaf Borghs, Nanotechnology 20, 465203 (2009).

Fig. 1. (a) is a SEM micrograph of the hexagonal gold

nanoring array with gold thickness of 100 nm. (b) and

(c) are the corresponding AFM images with the gold

Fig. 2. Simulation results of transmission spectra with

varied ring thickness. The anti-bonding mode (M2)

transits to the bonding mode as ring thickness is

increased from 20 nm to 100 nm.

19

Efficiency Prediction and Interface Effects of Organic/Crystalline Silicon Hybrid Solar Cells

交通大學 黃柏瑜

Bo-Yu Huang1, Ting-Gang Chen1, En-Chen Chen2, Peichen Yu1, and Hsin-Fei Meng3

1 Department of Photonic & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University,

1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

2Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

3Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells are cheap alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells. Due to the composition of both organic and inorganic materials, the devices take the advantages of inorganic semiconductors, such as high optical absorption and high carrier mobility, while maintaining the easy processing attributes of polymers and other soft materials. However, the interface characteristic has become a major technical barrier to advance the development of such novel devices. In this study, we employed a self-consistent drift-diffusion and Poisson solver to theoretically investigate the interface effects on the device performance using poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and Si as the hypothetical material system. A very thin interface layer with a large number of defect states distributed within the silicon bandgap is assumed and inserted in the model. Moreover, the ultimate power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of hybrid solar cells based on n- and p-type silicon are also predicted for different band gaps and band alignment with respect to the crystalline silicon. For n-type silicon, an organic material with a bandgap of 1.2-2eV and an electron affinity of 3-3.5eV achieves a PCE of 16% efficiency. Then, the simulated PCEs with different thickness of organic layer show that the thinner organic layer we have, the better PCEs it will be. We also observe a decreased PCE when the interface density of states increases, mainly resulting from open-circuit voltage decreasing.

Figure 1 N-type silicon base efficiency map.

1E10 1E11 1E12 1E13 1E140.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

FF

Jsc(

mA

)

Voc

(V)

Effi

cien

cy (

%)

Interface density o f states (cm -2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

26

28

30

Figure 2 Interface density of states versus efficiency,

open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor.

References

[1] Serap Gunes et al., “Hybrid solar cells”, Inorganic Chimica Acta 361, 2008, pp. 581-588.

20

Near-field Optical Beam Induced Current (NOBIC) Characteristics of a GaAs Solar Cell with

Biomimetic Antireflective Structures 交通大學 楊承穎

Cheng-Ying Yang(楊承穎)1, M. A. Tsai(蔡閔安)

2, Wenche Tsai(蔡文哲)

2, Peichen Yu(余沛慈)

1and Wen-Hao Chang(張文豪)

2 1 National Chiao Tung University (Department of Photonic & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Hsinchu, Taiwan)

2 National Chiao Tung University (Department of Electrophysics, Hsinchu, Taiwan)

Sub-wavelength structure (SWS) used as the antireflective layer has offered a new possibility in suppression of the

Fresnel reflection. Due to spatially graded structural profile in a single layer, the SWS antireflective coating exhibits not only

broadband and omnidirectional antireflective characteristic, but also polarization insensitivity. The conversion efficiency of

solar cell is affected by the SWS antireflective coating. But the nanoscale photovoltaic effect of SWS under light illumination

has not yet been investigated in detail.

Scanning near-field microscopy (SNOM) with the near-field optical beam induced current (NOBIC) technique is

introduced to investigate the nanoscale photovoltaic effect of SWS. SNOM is a powerful technique that scan the metal-coated

tapered fiber, illuminating only that area of the sample that lies directly under the tip aperture. By shear-force feedback, the

sample is always illuminated in the near-field. Combining with lock-in amplifier, the photovoltaic response can be measured.

As such , SNOM provides the 2D mapping of both topographic and optical or photovoltaic information simultaneously.

Thus, Photoelectric conversion characteristics of a tri-junction solar cell with biomimetic antireflective nanostructure are

investigated by using SNOM incorporating the NOBIC technique. The mappings of the topography and photocurrent induced

by incident light with different wavelengths can be obtained simultaneously. By analysis the measured data from SNOM, the

photovoltaic response of SWS is observed. The measured results of NOBIC show the optical conversion efficiency is mostly

harvested near the valley of the nanostructures, which serve as light guides for incident light with three different wavelengths.

The observation is also consistent with the simulation results using a rigorous coupled wave analysis.

Figure 1. (left) morphology of biomimetic AR structure (right) NOBIC signal

References

[1] S. Smith, P. Zhang, T. Gessert, and A. Mascarenhas, Near-field optical beam-induced currents in CdTe/CdS solar cells:

Direct measurement of enhanced photoresponse at grain boundaries, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 85, No. 17, 25 (2004)

[2] K. Bittkau* and T. Beckers, Near-field study of light scattering at rough interfaces of a-Si:H/mc-Si:H tandem solar cells, Phys. Status Solidi A 207, No. 3, 661-666

21

Ferromagnetic Resonance Properties of Ni3Fe Nanowire Arrays

中興大學 林育正

Y.C. Lin(林育正)1,Y.W.Suen(孫允武)

1

1Departmemt of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C

In this study, we report the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of Ni3Fe nanowire array by using microwave (MW) reflectometry. Nanowire arrays with porosities of 28 %、45 %、100 % and 6 % were grown by electrodeposition into the pores of anodic aluminum oxide membranes and commercial film, respectively. The diameter of the nanowires grown on the anodic aluminum oxide membranes is about 50 nm and the length is 3 µm. For those grown on the commercial film, the diameter is 200 nm and the length is 4 µm. The sample is placed on a 1-mm-wide copper ribbon, which connects the central lead and the grounded shielding at the end of a flattened SMA connector and forms a short- circuit detection test fixture. We applied the MW signal with frequency ranging from 1 GHz to 13 GHz and detected the magnitude of the reflected signal at magnetic fields from 4.5 kOe to -4.5 kOe by using a vector network analyzer. The angle between the growth direction of nanowires and the magnetic field can be tuned from 0° to 90°. The magnetic field where FMR exists increases as the MW frequency increases. When the angle between the magnetic field and the growth direction of nanowires increases, the magnetic field of FMR decreases. As the angle increases, the sample with smaller porosity possesses a larger change in the resonance magnetic field. When the porosity of sample is close to 33%, the resonance magnetic field is independent of the angle

Properties of High-Tc YBCO nanobridges

中興大學 陳宏年

HN Chen(陳宏年)1, CH Wu(吳秋賢)2

1Department of NanoScience, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan 2Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

A 175 nm-thick YBa2Cu3O7-x film with a 120 nm Au layer was deposited on a polished SrTiO3 substrate by RF

magnetron sputtering. The Au layer was used as a fabrication mask, a protective layer on the YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film, and to increase the accuracy of milling. The bridge was patterned from a 5 µm YBa2Cu3O7-x microbridge which was predefined by a standard photolithography with argon ion milling. We have fabricated a superconducting nanobridge from an YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film by a focused ion beam method. The superconducting properties of the nanobridges were determined by electrical characterizations, consisting of resistance versus temperature and critical current versus temperature measurements. We analyze the experimental result of the different nanobridges to fit the model.

Josephson Effects in High-Tc YBCO Variable-Thickness Bridges

中興大學 蘇于宗

This work introduces the method of variable thickness bridges (VTB) for fabricating high-Tc Josephson junctions

and DC SQUIDs. Focused Ion Beam (FIB) is used to control the thickness of the junction under a nanometer. The

region that links the two electrodes exhibits the weak link effect.

YBa2Cu3O7-X (YBCO) VTBs were fabricated with widths of 1-3 µm and a thickness of 150 nm using the standard

techniques of photolithography and Ar+ ion milling. The thickness of the junctions was maintained between 40 and 90

nm. When the thickness of the junction was close to 80 nm, the voltage-current curve revealed RSJ-like behavior at 77

K. The critical current vs. temperature curve satisfies the general equation, ( )α−∝ cc TT1T ,with α=2 near Tc and 1 at low temperature.

Shapiro steps were observed in a single junction at frequencies from 3.02 to 14.64 GHz. The widths of the current steps

revealed oscillatory behavior with irradiation intensities.

22

Robustness of quantum Hall effect at increased measurement current

嘉義大學 李永慶

Yungching Li (李永慶)1, Li-hung Lin (林立弘)1

1Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan

Quantum Hall effect has been observed by K. v. Klitzing1, and plateaux of Hall resistance is now employed in building standard of resistance.

We perform the measurement of magnetoresistance for the chips cut from the same GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure wafer at low temperature (Fig. 1). The 0.5-µm layer of undoped GaAs was deposited on a semi-insulating GaAs (100) substrate, in series covered by undoped 20-period superlattice of 2-nm Al0.3Ga0.7As/2-nm GaAs, and a 1-µm layer of undoped GaAs, a 20-nm layer of undoped Al0.3Ga0.7As, a 50-nm layer of n-type Si-doped Al0.3Ga0.7As, finally a 10-nm layer of undoped GaAs on the top. The two-dimensional electron system is predicted to be formed near the heterojunction between 1-µm undoped GaAs and 20-nm undoped Al0.3Ga0.7As. Both longitudinal and Hall resistance are measured (Fig. 2, 3). The robust quantum Hall phenomena are observed even when the measurement current is increased to 40 µA (Fig. 3), or when the temperature is raised to 4.3 K. The calculated carrier concentration is 3.5×1011/cm2 at 2 K.

The Hall measurement is performed in Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), and we wish to acknowledge C.-F. Huang for technical support and helpful discussions.

References

[3] K. v. Klitzing, G. Dorda, and M. Pepper, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 494 (1980).

Figure 1. GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure employed in the Hall measurement.

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Rxx ΩΩΩΩ

T=1.96 KI=40 µAsample: HH138g

T=1.95 KI=40 µAsample:HH138e

T=1.92 KI=1 µAsample:HH138g

B(T)

( )

Figure 2. Longitudinal magnetoresistance Rxx of two

chips HH138g and HH138e (cut from the same wafer) at

measurement current 1 µA and 40 µA. All temperatures

are approximately 2.0 K.

T=1.92 KI=40 µ ASample:HH138g

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

B(T)

Rxy

(Ω

)

Figure 3. Hall magnetoresistance Rxy measured

at temperature 1.91 K. Measurement current

is 40 µA.

23

桌餐分配

第一桌 第二桌 第三桌 第四桌 第五桌 第六桌 第七桌 第八桌 第九桌 第十桌 第十一桌 第十二桌 第十三桌

劉宗維 王帥 賴明泓 方盈智 陳益霖 孫允武 李明威 林宥辰 黃品琇 王新斐 扈桂彰 黃柏維 楊育森

黃瑞傑 施華偉 吳峻維 謝昀璉 李國誌 吳仲卿 郭華丞 周哲甫 陳韋豪 黃郁宸 黃靖智 陳宏年 闕成昌

賴巧原 許泱泱 黃重浩 蔡宗存 林育正 洪連輝 吳憲昌 蘇志川 許文馨 劉依旻 劉秀凰 張傑評 盧奕丞

楊世豪 李秉辰 洪苓瑋 江丞偉 蘇稜皓 簡世森 林立弘 黃國祐 伍建華 曹嶸 許嘉榕 邱政中 楊育哲

曾彥鈞 謝承恩 劉瀚元 王文峰 何宜融 羅光耀 吳秋賢 邱凡芸 劉邦軒 黃昭憲 楊婕妤 張為淳 林鑫茂

鄭閔鴻 余政德 劉騏輔 劉少勳 楊承穎 林耀東 張茂男 曾紀維 歐奕欣 王聖豪 蕭貿聰 蘇于宗 詹忠奇

王鵬翰 林延信 陳玫蓉 朱娟慧 黃柏瑜 鄭建宗 徐嘉宏 杜隆琦 郭政宜 張家齊 周宏宇 古硯涵 陳品叡

蘇泯嘉 許詩怡 徐家儀 蘇萬生 何孟書 李晃銘 余彥模 李彥琦 林瑋崗 李永慶 胡晉瑋 李振銘

余沛慈 蕭輔力蕭輔力蕭輔力蕭輔力 洪子玉洪子玉洪子玉洪子玉 李函倫李函倫李函倫李函倫

吳貞慧吳貞慧吳貞慧吳貞慧

第 1車(車長:李國誌)

第 2車(車長:蘇志川)

第 3車(車長:黃柏維)

1 孫允武孫允武孫允武孫允武 21 洪苓瑋

1 何孟書何孟書何孟書何孟書 21 王新斐

1 詹忠奇 21 楊承穎

2 陳益霖 22 劉瀚元

2 林宥辰 22 黃郁宸

2 陳品叡 22 吳秋賢吳秋賢吳秋賢吳秋賢

3 李國誌 23 劉騏輔

3 周哲甫 23 劉依旻

3 李振銘 23 黃柏維

4 林育正 24 陳玫蓉

4 蘇志川 24 洪連輝洪連輝洪連輝洪連輝

4 吳憲昌吳憲昌吳憲昌吳憲昌 24 陳宏年

5 蘇稜皓 25 許詩怡

5 黃國祐 25 曹嶸

5 蕭貿聰 25 張傑評

6 李明威李明威李明威李明威 26 余彥模

6 邱凡芸 26 黃昭憲

6 周宏宇 26 邱政中

7 何宜融 27 簡世森簡世森簡世森簡世森

7 曾紀維 27 王聖豪

7 李函倫 27 張為淳

8 郭華丞郭華丞郭華丞郭華丞 28 王帥

8 杜隆琦 28 張家齊

8 羅光耀羅光耀羅光耀羅光耀 28 蘇于宗

9 方盈智 29 施華偉

9 黃品琇 29 林瑋崗

9 劉宗維 29 古硯涵

10 謝昀璉 30 許泱泱

10 陳韋豪 30 扈桂彰

10 黃瑞傑 30 胡晉瑋

11 蔡宗存 31 李秉辰

11 許文馨 31 黃靖智

11 賴巧原 31 楊育森

12 江丞偉 32 謝承恩

12 伍建華 32 劉秀凰

12 楊世豪 32 闕成昌

13 王文峰 33 余政德

13 劉邦軒 33 許嘉榕

13 曾彥鈞 33 盧奕丞

14 劉少勳 34

14 洪子玉 34 楊婕妤

14 鄭閔鴻 34 楊育哲

15 朱娟慧 35

15 吳仲卿吳仲卿吳仲卿吳仲卿 35 蘇萬生

15 王鵬翰 35 林鑫茂

16 徐家儀

16 徐嘉宏

16 林延信

17 賴明泓

17 李晃銘

17 蘇泯嘉

18 吳峻維

18 歐奕欣

18 林立弘林立弘林立弘林立弘

19 黃重浩

19 郭政宜

19 李永慶

20 鄭建宗鄭建宗鄭建宗鄭建宗

20 李彥琦

20 黃柏瑜

24

房型房型房型房型 房號房號房號房號 房客房客房客房客

研習中心 2 人房 209 蘇萬生

研習中心 2 人房 207 徐嘉宏 李晃銘

房型房型房型房型 房號房號房號房號 房客房客房客房客

楓林山莊 4 人房 151 郭政宜 王新斐

楓林山莊 4 人房 152 李彥琦 歐奕欣 黃郁宸 劉依旻

楓林山莊 4 人房 153 劉秀凰 許嘉榕 楊婕妤 邱凡芸

楓林山莊 4 人房 155 詹忠奇 陳品叡 李振銘

楓林山莊 4 人房 156 蕭貿聰 周宏宇 李函倫

楓林山莊 4 人房 157 楊承穎 黃柏瑜 施華偉 余政德

楓林山莊 4 人房 158 許泱泱 鄭承恩 王帥 李秉辰

楓林山莊 4 人房 160 林宥辰 周哲甫 黃國祐 何宜融

楓林山莊 4 人房 161 蘇志川 劉少勳

楓林山莊 4 人房 165 杜隆琦 陳韋豪 伍建華 劉邦軒

研習中心 4 人房 212 許詩怡 陳玫蓉 許文馨 黃品琇

研習中心 4 人房 216 朱娟慧 謝昀璉 徐嘉儀 曾紀維

研習中心 4 人房 312 陳宏年 蘇于宗 張傑評 黃柏維

研習中心 4 人房 316 李國誌 陳益霖 林育正 蘇稜皓

房型房型房型房型 房號房號房號房號 房客房客房客房客

研習中心 8 人房 201 劉宗維 黃瑞傑 賴巧原 楊世豪

曾彥鈞 鄭閔鴻 王鵬翔 林延信 蘇泯嘉

研習中心 8 人房 202 曹嶸 黃昭憲 王聖豪 張家齊

林瑋崗 扈桂彰 黃靖智

研習中心 8 人房 203 洪苓瑋 劉瀚元 余彥模 劉騏輔

胡晉瑋 古硯涵 邱政中 張為淳

研習中心 8 人房 205 吳峻維 黃重浩 賴明泓 方盈智

蔡宗存 江丞偉 王文峰

楓林山莊 8 人房 603 楊育森 闕成昌 盧奕丞 楊育哲 林鑫茂 李永慶

房型房型房型房型 房號房號房號房號 房客房客房客房客

溫泉校友會館 2 人房 A Ono 教授(9/6)

林耀東(9/7)

溫泉校友會館 2 人房 D 蕭輔力老師夫妻

溫泉校友會館 2 人房 E 簡世森

溫泉校友會館 4人房(露天) B 吳仲卿 洪連輝

溫泉校友會館 4人房(露天) C 羅光耀 林立弘

溫泉校友會館 4 人房(VIP) G 吳憲昌 郭華丞

小木屋 4 人房 701 孫允武 李明威

小木屋 4 人房 702 鄭建宗 吳秋賢

小木屋 4 人房(9/7) 703 何孟書 余沛慈

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