Low Energy Wireless Technology and Measurement Solution 低功率無線通訊技術與量測

Philip Chang

Senior Project Manager

2015/01/08

Page Agenda

– Why the Low Energy Wireless Technology Required in

Wearable Device and IOT?

– Relative Low Energy Wireless Technology

• Bluetooth LE

• ZigBee

• Thread

• Wi-SUN

• NFC

– Measurement Solutions

2

Page

– In April 2013, Google announce Google Glass

Explorer Edition and it courage wearable

device development.

– In 2014 CES and MWC show, lot of 3C

company and chipset maker announce

relative product on smart wearable product.

Wearable Device Flash Point

Page

Wireless Technical Challenge in Wearing Device

• Multi-antenna

• Low-frequency

• Current Consumption

• AR Requirement

• Distance

• Multi-Charger

• Bluetooth LE

• ETPA

Energy or Power Saving

Power Charger

Spacing for

Antenna

High Data Rate

Page

IOT Smart City Project

Oceanographic

observation 2G+Loc.+weather

Disaster monitoring 3G+sensors

Wireless

2G/3G

AGW

AGW Smart objects with sensors

Smart objects with sensors

Smart objects with sensors

Warning for yellow dust, disaster, fire, flood, etc.

Monitoring and management center

Smart objects with

sensors

IOT National

IOT Public

IOT R/D

AGW

Healthcare WiBro+Medical devices

Smart metering WiFi + Gas, electricity

Broadcasting 3G+DMB+IPTV

Security 3G+Location+Vehicles

Facilities monitoring WiBro+Sensors

Remote control PLC + Street lights

Fixed net./DMB

FTTx,HFC,PLC

Smart Korea Strong Korea

Safe Korea Sustainable Korea

Wireless access networks

Broadband wireless WiBro

AGW

Meteorological

observation 2G+Loc.+weather

Ecosystem monitoring 2G+Location

Data from : Korea IOT Smart City Project

Page

Smart Home in IOT

Data from : Cadence

Page

What is the Short Range Wireless Technology Looking for in Wearable Device and IOT

Page

7

802.16

Burst data rate bits/s

Po

we

r c

on

su

mp

tio

n i

n d

up

lex

1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 100

1W

0.1W

10mW

802.11a / HiperLAN2

10W

WAN

Proprietary

ISM

802.11b

DECT

LAN

UWB

PAN

RFID

3G

HSDPA/EVDO 3G GPRS

GSM

EDR Bluetooth

BT LE ZigBee Zwave

Battery Friendly Design

Thread

Page Agenda

– Why the Low Energy Wireless Technology Required in

Wearable Device and IOT?

– Relative Low Energy Wireless Technology

• Bluetooth LE

• ZigBee

• Thread

• Wi-SUN

• NFC

– Measurement Solutions

8

Page

Bluetooth Core Spec Roadmap

9

1999 2003 2004 2007 2009 2010

•Many problems

•Difficult making products

interoperable

•Faster Connection/Discovery

•Use AFH

•Up to 721kbps

•Introduction of EDR

•EDR Up to 2.1Mbps

•SSP, EIR

•power consumption

optimization

•Alternate MAC/PHY

•Unicast connectionless data

•Enhanced power control

•HS Up to 24Mbps

•Adoption of Bluetooth LE

•LE up to 260kbps

•Including classic, LE and HS

V1.0

V1.2

V2.0+EDR

V2.1+EDR

V3.0+HS

V4.0

AFH: Adaptive Frequency Hopping

EDR: Enhanced Data Rate

SSP: Secure Simple Pairing

EIR: Extended Inquiry Response

LE: Low Energy

IPSP: Internet Protocol Support Profile

®

2014

V4.2

•LE Data Packet Length

Extension for Speed Up

•LE Secure Connections

•IPSP access directly via

IPv6

Page

Faster

Fewer advertising channels

• Reduce the time to scan over advertising

channels

• 1.4ms totally for scanning and discovery ,

17 times faster than classic

• No need to maintain link

• Shorter duty cycle (10% of BR/EDR)

Simplicity

• Simplified protocol ensures 6ms to send

data (50 times faster than classic)

• all information about the connection is

contained in one single compact packet, no

need to negotiate again after the link

established

•Optimization on acknowledgement scheme

to reduce duty cycle

•Shortened packet overhead

Lower energy

All “fasters” contribute to saving power

• Faster connection/discovery

• No need to maintain link

• Shorter duty cycle (10% of BR/EDR)

Lower maximum power

• +10 dBm (+20 dBm at BR/EDR)

Lower cost

Simplicity

Lower peak power

•Ppeak ≤ (Pavg + 3 dB)

Dual mode: add-on feature for classic

Bluetooth

Why LE is Faster and Lower Energy? ®

Page

Single-mode (sensor)

devices in health and fitness

Body temperature

) ) )

Body liquid balance

) ) )

Heart ratemonitor

) ) )

Odometer

) ) )

Mobile phone

) ) )

Laptop/desktop

) ) )

Dual-mode host

device

Single-mode

host device

Watch

) ) )

Pedometer

) ) )

Web & tele

services

Weight management

Personal Health

Record

Elderly Monitoring

Blu

eto

oth

low

energ

y t

echnolo

gy

GS

M, G

PR

S,

Blu

eto

oth

, W

LA

N,

Wi-F

i

Weight scale Blood pressure

Glucose meter

Medication

dispenser

) ) ) ) ) ) )) ) ) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) ) ) )

Bluetooth Challenge Dual Mode ®

Page

IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee Alliance

Page

12

Conforms to IEEE 802.15.4 defining physical & MAC layer

PHY Layer

Application & Profiles

Application Framework

Network & Security

Medium Access Control MAC IEEE

802.15.4

Zigbee

Alliance

Defined

User Defined

Some

vendor

specific

– Zigbee can be used in the 868MHz,

915MHz and 2.4GHz ISM bands.

– Low Power consumption

– Low Cost

– High density of nodes per network

– Simple protocol, global implementation

Page

ZigBee Applications

Page

13

ZigBee

Wireless Control that

Simply Works

RESIDENTIAL/

LIGHT

COMMERCIAL

CONTROL

CONSUMER

ELECTRONICS

ZHA TV

VCR

DVD/CD

remote

ZLL,ZHA Security, HVAC

lighting control

access control

lawn & garden irrigation

PC &

PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIAL

CONTROL

ZSE,ZGP,ZRC asset mgt

process control

environmental

energy mgt

PERSONAL

HEALTH CARE

BUILDING

AUTOMATION

ZLL,ZBA security

HVAC

AMR

lighting control

access control

ZID mouse

keyboard

joystick

ZHC patient

monitoring

Fitness

monitoring

Page

– 2014 Nov. ZigBee announce ZigBee 3.0 will release at begin of 2015!

– Combine ZigBee Pro Network layer 6 App profiles(ZLL,ZHA,ZBA,

ZRS,ZHC,ZSE) as one!

– PHY layer support 2.4GHz ISM band only

ZigBee 3.0?

14

Follow IEEE 802.15.4 Std.

ZigBee, MiWi, Thread, ISA

100.11a, WirelessHART Allow select:

Depend on

Network Layer

Chipset support 802.15.4 Structure

Thread announce release at

begin of 2015

Thread designed for IOT in

Home.

Page

– Thread technology was designed for IoT in the home.

– 2014 Dec Thread Group grown to more than 50 members since

membership opened up on Oct 1st.

– Thread is backed by industry-leading companies including Nest Labs

(Google Purchased), ARM, Big Ass Fans, Freescale, Samsung, Silicon

Labs and Yale Security

– Based on the power efficient IEEE 802.15.4

MAC/PHY

Thread

Page

– POWERFUL TECHNOLOGY DESIGNED FOR THE HOME: design

special for Home. Open standard & IPv6 6LoWPAN technology.

Based on a robust mesh network with no single point of failure.

– SIMPLE, SECURE, SCALABLE: scale 250+ device in signale

network.

– BATTERY FRIENDLY DESIGN: allow years of operation even on a

single AA battery.

Thread Features

Page

Thread vs. ZigBee

Thread Pro1

Thread

Pro2

Thread

Pro3

Page

Smart Energy Systems Overview

Sub-

station

Transmission Distribution

Data

Concentrator

Generation

18

Smart

Meter

Neighborhood

Area Network

Field-Area Network

Wi-SUN

Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network)

Home

18

Page

Smart Energy: Key Communication Standards Name / Consortium Standard Media PHY Application

FAN* / NAN*

WiGrid (WiMAX) 802.16e RF OFDM FAN

Wi-SUN (now) 802.15.4g RF FSK NAN

Wi-SUN (later) 802.15.4g RF OFDM NAN

Netricity PLC IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM NAN + FAN

G3-PLC IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM NAN + FAN

PRIME IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM NAN

HAN*

HomePlug

- GP (Green PHY)

- AV / AV2

IEEE1901

(BPL)

WB-

PLC OFDM

HAN (10 Mbps)

HAN + MM* (200+ Mbps)

G.hn ITU-T

G.9960

WB-

PLC OFDM HAN + MM (100+ Mbps)

Zigbee (now)

Zigbee SE (soon)

802.15.4

802.15.4g RF FSK

HAN (<1 Mbps)

HAN + NAN (<1 Mbps)

Today’s topic

*FAN: Field Area Network, NAN: Neighborhood Area Network, HAN: Home Area Network, MM: Multimedia 19

Page

Introduction to Wi-SUN

• Wi-SUN Alliance promotes interoperability based on IEEE 802.15.4g-2012 standard for Wireless Smart Utility Networks

• Responsible for defining conformance, interoperability, and certification testing

• Promoter companies:

Analog Devices Cisco Systems Fuji Electric

Murata NICT Omron

Osaki Renesas Silver Spring Networks

• >40 members including Agilent as Contributor

• 2 observer companies including TUV Rheinland, Wi-SUN approved test lab

20

Page

IEEE 802.15.4g Standards • 3 physical layer (PHY) standards supported:

• MR-FSK*: 2FSK and 4FSK modulation used

• MR-OFDM: 4 options with different FFT size and bandwidths

• MR-O-QPSK*: DSSS and multiplexed DSSS used

• Frequency bands depend on regulatory requirements, may include

bands around 169, 450-510, 780, 863-870, 896-960, 1427-1518, and

2400-2483 MHz

• Wi-SUN Alliance PHY conformance tests and profiles being developed

for MR-FSK PHY.

21

*MR: Multi-rate and multi-regional, O-QPSK: Offset QPSK

Data Rate (kpbs) Modulation Index (h) Channel Spacing (kHz) Region

50 1 200 Japan, US/BZ

100 1 400 Japan

200 1 600 Japan

100 0.5 200 US/BZ

150 0.5 400 US/BZ

200 0.5 400 US/BZ

300 0.5 600 Japan, US/BZ

Page

NFC Operating modes

NFC Device

NFC Card Emulation Mode

Mobile local Payment Public Transport Access Control Identification

NFC Reader/Writer Mode

Smart Object access

NFC Peer-to-Peer Mode

Peer File Sharing

Page

NFC Technologies

NFC-A(based on ISO / IEC 14443 A

MiFARE, proposed by NXP)

NFC-B(based on ISO / IEC 14443 B,

proposed by Infineon)

NFC-F(based on JIS X 6319-4 FeliCa,

proposed by Sony)

Page

Standard Certification Schemes

NFC Forum

- Require Device R/W, P2P and CE (optional)

- Require Device requirements and DTA

- Accredited certification labs performing

- Wave 1 Certification including Digital Protocol

- Wave 2 Certification * including RF Analog, SNEP, LLCP

ISO/IEC 14443

- 1 operating mode on Proximity Standards for cards (PICC) and readers (PCD)

- Test fixture required by ISO/IEC 10373-6 test methods

- Ask to generate up to 12A/m

Page

Feb 2013

Agilent Technologies

* Additional coils admitted to amplify reception of very small signals (Planned for 2013) * Source NFC Forum, EMVCo

Standard Certification Schemes

EMV contactless (EMVCo)

- Contactless testing (ISO/IEC 14443)

- L2 according to each payment scheme

NFC Forum and EMVCo may mutually recognize L1 certification > NFC Forum, EMV test up to 4 cm

Page Agenda

– Why the Low Energy Wireless Technology Required in

Wearable Device and IOT?

– Relative Low Energy Wireless Technology

• Bluetooth LE

• ZigBee

• Thread

• Wi-SUN

• NFC

– Measurement Solutions

26

Page

Cellular

• LTE-Advanced, LTE FDD/TDD

• HSPA+, W-CDMA

• 1xEV-DO, cdma2000

• GSM/EDGE/EDGE Evo

• TD-SCDMA

Wireless connectivity

• 802.11a/b/g/n/ac

• Bluetooth 1.0 to 4.0, Zigbee, Thread

• GNSS: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, Beidou,

SBAS, QZSS

• Digital video, FM

MIMO (2x2, 3x3) & carrier aggregation

• Switched MIMO for manufacturing test

• True MIMO (multi-TRX) for design validation

• LTE-A CA Inter- and intra-band

E6640A EXM Broadest Multi-Format Coverage Easily test multi-format devices

27

Page

E6640A EXM Software Architecture - SCPI-compatible

28

Sequence Analyzer

PC Controller Host

Signal Studio ARB files

WLAN

App

GUI

SCPI (includes source control)

Sweep

Engine

Source

Control …

Bluetooth

App

GUI

Test Executive

DUT

DUT control driver

RF MXG+PXA

E6640A EXM

Page

E6640A EXM Bluetooth Measurements

29

Basic Rate

EDR

Low Energy

Page

Demodulation 2.4 GHz ZigBee/Thread

Page

30

Page

Wi-SUN Signal Generation Keysight New Signal Studio for IEEE 802.15.4g – N7610B

- Create signals compliant to 802.15.4g which can support

Wi-SUN PHY standards

- Full channel coding, flexible configuration of MAC headers

and data types for receiver PER tests

- Support multi-rate and multi-regional frequency and multi-

data rates defined in 802.15.4g specifications

- Support Wi-SUN MR-FSK and MR-OFDM formats

- Support the waveform generation on EXG/MXG, PSG, ESG

and PXIe VSG*

N7610B Configuration and Pricing:

- N7610B - QFP: Advanced MR-FSK

- N7610B - RFP: Advanced MR-OFDM

AFS date: Aug-1-2014

Web go-live: Aug-6-2014

New image with KeySight logo

* Note: only support waveform export/import for PXIe VSG at August 2014 release.

31

Page

2FSK Demod with N9064A VXA Application

32

Page

Wi-SUN MR-FSK (802.15.4g)

33

Digital Demod on 89600 VSA

Solutions:

VSA 89601B-AYA Digital Demod

VXA N/W9064A-2FP Flexible Demod

Modulation Format = 2FSK

IEEE 802.15.4g specific results are

added in 89600 VSA and VXA

- 2FSK symbol clock error (ppm)

- 2FSK zero cross error rms (%rms)

- 2FSK zero cross error peak (%pk)

MR-OFDM Demo

Page

RIDER T3111S NFC/EMV Conformance Tester

January 5, 2015

Confidentiality Label

34

NFC Forum

• Digital Protocol

• Analog RF

• LLCP

• SNEP

T1142A Automated Positioning Robot

• Enables device characterization at user-defined positions

• Fulfils NFC and EMV Contactless test specifications requirements

• Free guard area with no metallic parts

• 0.15mm positioning accuracy

ISO/IEC

• 14443 A/B

• 18092

• 15693

• 18000-3

EMV

• EMV L1 DP PICC/Mobile

• EMV L1 DP PCD

• EMV L1 RF PICC/Mobile

• EMV L1 RF PCD

RF and Protocol Test Suites

supported with T1141A Test Set

Page

THANK YOU!

AEO Taiwan

Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Philip-sh_chang@agilent.com

35 Mobile World Congress 2014