Lowprotein Diestsfor Pigs

7/28/2019 Lowprotein Diestsfor Pigs

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ohn ODohert

University College Dublin


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Environmental reasons

Cost of protein sources


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Crude Protein %Crude Protein %Crude Protein %Crude Protein % Lysine %Lysine %Lysine %Lysine %

Lactating diets 17.5-19.9 0.9 1.1

Dry sow diets 13.3 15.0 0.6-0.7

Weaner diets 20-21.5 1.25-1.4

Finisher diets 18-19.5 1.0-1.1 %

* Across a number of mills/home mixers


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CostCostCostCost 350350350350 450450450450 550550550550 600600600600

Crude protein 18.8 % 16.4 % 14.2 % 14.1 %

SBM inclusion 23 % 16 % 8.4% 8.3 %

Lys-HCl 1.2 kg 3.8 kg 6 kg 6 kgnc us on

DL Methion 0 0.28 kg 1 kg 1 kg

Threonine 0 0.7 kg 2.3 kg 2.3 kg

Tryptophan 0 0 0.27 kg 0.27 kg

* Based on 1.1% lysine and 13.8 MJ/DE


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The balance in which amino acids are supplied in thediet differs greatly from the balance in which they arerequired

about 25% of the ingested protein is supplied by" " .

Unbalanced amino acids are degraded, and are usedas an expensive source of energy, and contribute to Nexcretion with urine.

Just under half of N excretion can be attributed to thepoor amino acid balance in the pigs diet.


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Percent of requirement using high protein diets

0 50 100

Arginine

Histidine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Methionine

oacids

L sine

Phenylalanine

Threonine

Tryptophan

ValineEssentialam

i

Methionine

Non essential amino acids


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Percent of requirement using low protein diets and

supplemented with some amino acidsArginine

Histidine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Methionine

oacids

L sine

0 50 100

Phenylalanine

Threonine

Tryptophan

ValineEssentialam

i

Methionine

Non essential amino acids


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Le Bellego et al., 2001


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Crude protein

Lysine %

20%

1.15%

17%

1.15%

15%

1.15%

12%

1.15%

Composition (g.kg-1)

Wheat 462.4 558.7 628.4 770

Soya bean (Hi-pro) 235.6 129.5 51.9 0

Peas 100 100 100 0

Pollard 150 150 150 150

Tallow 28.7 31.7 33.8 37.5

Feed individually and wet fed twice dailyCarpenter et al., 2004


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Crude Protein 20% 17% 15% 12%

Analysis %

Lysine 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

S-amino acids 0.73 0.65 0.65 0.65Threonine 0.78 0.75 0.75 0.75

Tryptophan 0.2 0.19 0.19 0.19

Synthetic lysine 0 3.7 6.3 9.6

Synthetic methionine 0 0.5 1.3 1.9

Synthetic threonine 0 1.45 2.7 4.1

Synthetic tryptophan 0 0 0.31 0.7

Amino acid inclusion (kg/tonne)

Feed individually and wet fed twice daily


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Crude protein % 21%(1.15

lysine)

17%(1.15

lysine)

15%(1.15

lysine)

12%(1.15

lysine)

Daily gain (kg/d) 0.860 0.861 0.945 0.866

Feed conversion ratio 2.47 2.39 2.38 2.59

Feed intake (kg/day) 2.11 2.04 2.22 2.23

Carcass lean % 58.0 58.1 56.6 56.5Cost (/kg) 100 96 104 125

Cost (/kg:Oct 2012) 100 93.5 92.6 101

Carpenter et al., 2004 Feed individually and wet fed twice daily


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Crude Protein % 21% 17% 15% 12%

N intake (g/day) 71.3 61.5 55.6 49.5

Relative excretion 100 78.5 66.1 62.8

Effect of crude protein on nitrogen intake and output

Carpenter et al., 2004


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Crude protein %

Lysine

Lysine-HCL inclusion (kg/t)

19.7

1.1

0.9

14.5

1.1

6.4

SEM

Daily gain (kg/d) 0.853 0.858 0.009 ns

Feed conversion ratio 2.53 2.50 0.031 ns

Feed intake (kg/day) 2.16 2.15 0.028 ns

Carcass lean % 58.0 57.8 1.5 ns

Cost (/kg:Oct 2012) 100 94.3 -4 c/kg

Reynolds et al., 2005Group housed on single space feeders


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Crude protein %

Lysine

Lysine-HCL inclusion (kg/t)

21.5

1.1

0

14.2

1.1

6.5

SEM

Daily gain (kg/d) 0.882 0.945 0.016 *

Feed conversion ratio 2.36 2.30 0.037 ns

Feed intake (kg/day) 2.07 2.17 0.033 *

Carcass lean % 58.0 57.4 0.61 ns

Cost (/kg:Oct 2012) 100 94.0 -4 c/kg

Carpenter et al., 2005Group housed on single space feeders


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Effect of crude protein on finisher pig

performance, and carcass characteristics


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5.65

55.5

66.57

7.58

s/day

25%25%25%25%25%25%25%25%

3.45

4.15 .

2

2.53

3.544.5

12% 15% 17% 21%

Dietary CP

lit

r

0.025 0.030.031

0.041

Carpenter et al., 2004


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16

17

18

19

20

5.56

6.57

7.588.5

9

g/day/pig

10

11

12

1314

22% CP 19% CP 16% CP 13% CP

22.5

33.5

44.5

22% CP 19% CP 16% CP 13% CP

40% decrease

Hayes et al., 2004

Every 1 % decrease in CP,

ammonia reduces by 10%


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Offering grower finisher pigs a high crudeprotein diet can interfere with the acid basebalance thus affecting bone ash, bone Ca andbone P concentration.

CP diet is fed in combination with a low Ca,low P, phytase supplemented diet.


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560

580

600

620

/kg

CP Phos: P < 0.05

500

520

540

Low CP

Low P

High CP

Low P

Low CP

High P

High CP

High P

Treatment

g

Varley et al., 2011

CP 130 vs 200 g/kg

TP 4 vs 6 g/kg

Dig P 1.6 vs 2.9


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8.5

9

9.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

20% CP 14% CP

logC

F

BifidobacteriaLactobacilli

Lynch et al 2006


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Low protein diets

Higher acidifying capacity

Low pH

Restricted proliferation ofpathogenic bacteria

Better digestion of protein

Fewer residue in the hind gut


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Increase in Ecoli levels (ETEC);

Decrease in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria;

Increase in inflammatory cytokines;

Decrease in villus height;

Increase in protein fermentation in LI; Increase in branch chained fatty acids and other protein

fermenting by-products;

Increase in scours and morbidity


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1) 160 g/kg crude protein with 212 g/kg lactose

2) 185 g/kg crude protein with 212 g/kg lactose 3) 210 g/kg crude protein with 212 g/kg lactose

4 160 k crude rotein with 125 k lactose

5) 185 g/kg crude protein with 125 g/kg lactose 6) 210 g/kg crude protein with 125 g/kg lactose

10-34 days post weaning

Diets formulated to have identical DE (15 MJ/kg) and lysine (14.5 g/kg)

Pierce et al., 2006


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0.6

0.7

/d

lactose x Protein P


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420

430

440

450

360

370

380

390

400

410

19.5% CP 17.7% CP 17.7% CP + try 17.7% CP + Try

+ Val

g/kg

Jansman et al., 2010


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Need to know actual growth rate of your pigs at

various stages at minimum Need to know actual protein deposition rates at

Need to know feed intake Formulate diets to match requirements

Precise Nutrition


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Growth rate 890 g/d (800 to 920)Protein deposition 146 g/d (132 to 152)

Lysine requirement 21.2 g/d (18.7 to 22.2)Feed intake 2.2 kg/d (1.8 to 2.6)

Lysine concentration 0.95 % lysineProtein concentration 14-15%

Garry et al., 2007


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1. 1.1 % lysine (40 to 95 kg)

2. 0.95% lysine (40 to 95 kg)

3. 1.05% lysine for 28 days and 0.85% for 28 days4. 1.1% lysine for 14 days, 1.0% lysine for 14 days,

0.9% lysine for 14 days and 0.8% lysine for 14ays

40 kg to 95 kg live weight

Group fed on single space feeders

(15 pigs/feeder)


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0.9 0.9120.921

0.8750.9

0.95

1

day

0.7

0.75

0.8

.

1.1% lys 0.95% lys 1.05-0.85% lys 1.1-1.0-0.9-0.8% lys

Dietary regime

K

g

Garry et al., 2007


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2.312.37

2.432.48

2.352.4

2.452.52.55

2.6

/kg

22.05

2.12.15

2.22.25

.

1.1% lys 0.95% lys 1.05-0.85% lys 1.1-1.0-0.9-0.8% lys

Dietary regime

K


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100

95.795.196

979899

100

92.9

9091929394

1.1% lys 0.95% lys 1.05-0.85% lys 1.1-1.0-0.9-0.8%lys

Dietary regimes

Garry et al., 2005


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Promotes a steadier rate of maternal growth

A higher level of sow body fat

Better physical condition for the animal

ncrease eve o ee n a e ur ng ac a on

Saves energy costs and allows the energy to beutilised for extra fat and increased birth

weight


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16% CP

0.65% lysine

13.2 MJ/kg

13% CP

0.55% lysine

13.2 MJ/kg

Total litter birthweight (kg) 17.45 19.97

Piglet birthweight (kg) 1.35 1.50

% piglets born at 1 kg or less 16.1 5.3

ODowd and Edwards 1995


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Litter weight

(kg)

Lactation feed intake (kg/day)

21 d 28d 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 Lysineg/day

45 55 1.05 0.9 0.8 0.7 36

50 61 1.2 1.05 0.95 0.85 0.75 42

55 68 1.20 1.05 0.95 0.85 0.80 48

60 75 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.85 55

65 81 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.92 0.85 60

70 88 1.20 1.10 1.05 0.95 67


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Amino acid Protein accretion(growth)

Milk synthesis

Lysine 100 100

Threonine 60 58

Methionine andcysteine 55 45

Tryptophan 18 18

Isoleucine 54 55Leucine 102 115

Valine 68 85


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Great potential to reduce crude protein in

finisher pig diets in Ireland Depends on cost of protein sources and

synthetic amino acids Use ileal digestible amino acids and NE


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Lowprotein Diestsfor Pigs