1. L thuyt v thc hnh cu hnh Basic disk, dynamic disk( raid 0, raid 1, raid 5..) trn windows server2003Lu ri cha t vit mt bi no cho 2mit.org .Hm nay mnh s trnh Disk management. Bao gm lthuyt v chi tit thc hnh trn windows server 2003. Chy trn trnh my o Vmware wordstation 7.0Cng c cn thit: Chng trnh Vmware 7.0 (hoc 6.0 cng c) ci t HDH windows server 2003.Trong bi ny mnh lm trn wmware, trn thc t nu lm h thng server tht chng ta phi c 4 cng khc nhau. Mt chy HDH v 3 cn li thc hin bi ny.I. Chun b v phn cng:u tin chng ta add thm 3 cng vo my o windows server, bc ny tng ng vi cm thm 3 cng vo server thc.Trn giao din my o cha c khi ng. Click vo Edit Virtual mechine.Trn Hp thoi Virtual mechine setting Chn Add, click vo Hard disk bn tri v chn Next addthm cng.

2. Trong hp thoi Add hardware wizard, Chn Create a new virtual disk to m a cng mi . 3. n next v tip theo chn Store virual disk as a single file v iu dung lng cho cng, y mnhcho 2G. 4. n next tip tc . Disk file in tn file i din cho a, v finish.Cc bn lm tng t vi cc cng cn li, kt qu s c 3 cng mi nh hnh di. 5. II. Tin hnh thc hin ci t a.Khi ng windows server. R-Click (Click chut phi) vo My Computer chn Manage, trn hp thoiComputer Management chn Disk Management. Disk Management l trnh qun l a ca windows,Chng ta s thao tc cu hnh tt c trn trnh qun l ny.u tin bn s thy ngoi a cha HDH, s c 3 a mi vi biu tng mu bn tri. Cc any cha c windows khi to (Not Initialize). 6. Tin hnh khi to bng cch R-click vo biu tng Disk 1 chn Initialize Disk, hp thoi hin lnchng ta tch chn c 3 a .n OK.Kt qu sau khi khi to:Hin gi cc a c khi to, nhng cha xut hin a trn khay h thng ca ca s MyComputer v a vn cha c phn vng v nh dng lu tr.By gi chng ta s to ra cc Basic disk: gm Phn vng primary v extended Dynamic disk: Simple Volume, Span Volume, Stip Volume: (RAID-0), RAID-5 Volume, MirrorVolume: (RAID-1) 7. Lu : Cc bn nn snapshot trc khi thc hin thao tc, nhm backup ti thi im ny, khi n cngon thc hin Dynamic disk, chng ta s quay li thi im ny.Tin hnh snapshot bng cc vo Menu VM -> Snapshot->Take Snapshot. t tn cho snapshot v nOk1. L thuyt c bn:Trong Windows, d liu lu tr trong cc HDD ch yu theo hai phng thc sau: Lu tr cbn (Basic storage) v lu tr nng ng (Dynamic storage). Lu tr c bn oc p dngph bin, l cch lu tr mc nh (default) ca Windows. Cc h thng my tnh chng tathng dng u p dng cch lu tr c bn. Cc HDD trong mt h thng p dng phngthc lu tr c bn oc gi l cc Basic disk . Cn cc HDD trong phng thc lu tr nngng oc gi l Dynamic disk, theo cch gi ca Microsoft.Phng thc lu tr nng ng thng p dng trong cc HH lm Domain, webserver..ng nhin hu nh tt cc OS ca windows (t 2000 n gi) u h tr c hai phng thclu tr Basic v Dynamic.Mt Dynamic disk l mt a vt l. Dynamic disk(s) c nhng tnh nng m a Basic khng c.Th d nh tp hp mt khi d liu (volume) lu tr theo phng thc Dynamic storage c thbao gm trn nhiu a, khng ch mt a. Nhng di mt nhn ca Windows tp hp nyc coi nh ch l mt a logic.Vi cc cng ngh Dynamic, s gip cn bng ti (load Banacing) v Fault Tolerancing (cngi l Fail Over) l kh nng d phng, chu li.2. Thc hina. Ci t Basic disk.* To phn vng Primary:R-click vo Disk 1 chn new partion to phn vng mi. 8. Chn Primary partion . 9. in dung lng phn vng cn to, y mnh cho 100Mb. n next cho cc ln tip theo v Finish.Chng ta c mt phn vng primaryTrn Disk 1, chng ta ch th lm tng t nh trn to ra ti a 4 phn vng primary, nhng khngth to c thm. 10. Nh vy, nu cn trng dung lng m khng th to thm phn vng, vy l b ph dung lng cn lihay sao??? . gii quyt vn ny, bin php t ra l to phn vng Extended.** To phn vng Extended. Disk 1,Tin hnh xa bt mt phn vng primary, Trn vng cn trng, to thm mt phn vng..n bc Select Partion type, chng ta chn Extended Partion. 11. n next, chn full dung lng cn li v Finish. Kt qu c mt phn vng Extended 1.69MBBy gi chng ta s to ta cc phn vng logic trn phn vng Extended ny. Trn phn vng ExtendedR-click v chn New logical driver. Hp thoi hin ra chn Logical driver v n next.Chn dung lng cho phn vng, sau hon tt. 12. Lm tng t, ta s c nhiu phn vng Logic trn phn vng ExtendedNh vy, vi Basic disk, chng ta c th to ti a 4 phn vn primary trn mt cng, mun to thmphn vng trn cng ny chng ta phi to ra phn vng Extended v to cc phn vng Logical trn tha mn yu cu cn s dng. 13. b. Dynamic disk *So snh Basic Disk v Dynamic Disk:- Mt Basic Disk l mt cng vt l bao gm cc phn vng chnh (Primary Partition), ccphn vng m rng (Extended Partition) hoc cc a lun l (Logical Drive). Cc phnvng v cc a lun l trn cc basic disk cn c hiu nh l cc Basic Partion.S phn vng (Partition) ta to trn mt Basic disk tu thuc vo loi phn vng ca a(Disks Partition Type). i vi MBR (Master Boot Record) disks, chng ta c th to c nhiu nht 4 phn vng chnh (Primary Partition), hoc 3 phn vng chnh v mt phn vng m rng (Extended Partion). Trong phn vng m rng ta c th to v hn cc a lun l (Logical Drive). i vi GPT (GUIDs Partition Table) disks, chng ta c th to ln n 128 phn vng chnh (Primary Partition). Bi v GPT disks khng gii hn 4 phn vng chnh nn chng ta khng cn to phn vng m rng hay cc a lun l.- Mt Dynamic Disk cung cp cc tnh nng m Basic Disk khng c, nh kh nng to nhngvolume m rng trn nhiu a vt l (Spanned and Striped Volumes) v kh nng to ranhng volume Fault Tolerance (Mirrored and Raid-5 Volumes). Cc volume trn DynamicDisk ta gi l Dynamic Volumes, v mt Dynamic Disk c th h tr ln ti 2000 Volume trnmt a (d vy Microsoft gii thiu s lng Dynamic Volumes l 32 hoc t hn trn mt a). C 5 loi Dynamic Volume l: Simple, Spanned, Stripped, Mirrored v Raid-5. Trong Mirrored v Raid-5 ch chy trn my tnh c h iu hnh Windows 2000 Server, Windows2000 Advanced Server, Windows 2000 Datacenter Server, Windows 2003 Server....Thc hin trn windows 2003 server:Thc hin tr li thi im snapshot trc bng cch vo VM -> Snapshot -> chn snapshot thchin. Ch trong giy lt Vmware s a server n thi im trc (thi im convert 3 a quaDynamic).Trong ca s Disk Management , click chut phi vo biu tng a chn Convert to Dynamic Diskv 3 a (tr HDH). Sau khi ng li server. By gi cc a c convert qua Dynamic, ccphn vng trn Dynamic disk c gi l cc Volume. Ti a s l 2000 Volume. By gi s thc hin ccloi Dynamic disk.**Simple volume: L nh dng volume n gin, d liu ch lu trn mt cng. Khng lin quan n2 cng cn li.R-click ln Disk 1 chn New volume. 14. Hp thoi trn cho php chng ta chn a cn to Volume, chn dung lng volume trn a . y mnh chn 100Mb. Nh trn hnh chng ta thy, Nt Add> b n, v vy ta c th bit c simplevolume ch cho php thc hin mt volume trn mt a. Khng th mt volume hn 1 a c. Vvy s khng h tr load banlacing v kh nng backup. Nu a ny hng th d liu s mt tt c.Sau khi to xong, trn khay h thng My Computer ta thy dung lng c to ra vn 100Mb, ngha lkhng b gim***Span volumeKhc vi simple volume, span volume cho php to mt volume trn nhiu a cng. Nhng vnkhng h tr cn bng ti gia cc cng v d liu khi chp y th nht ri mi chp sang th 2.Cng khng h tr kh nng Fault Tolerancing. Chng ta hiu n gin l volume ny gp t nhiu akhc nhau.R-Click ln Disk chn new volume. n next n bc chn loi volume, tch chn Spanned volume 15. n next: 16. hp thoi trn chng ta c th chn c ht 3 a , v mi a c th cho dung lng khc nhau(Disk1 200Mb, Disk2 200Mb, Disk3 150MB).Trn khay My Computer, ta thy dung thng Volume by gi l tng ca 3 dung lng ly t 3 acng (200+200+15MB).****Strip volume (cn gi l Rain 0 )y l dng RAID ang c ngi dng a thch do kh nng nng cao hiu sut trao i d liu caa cng. i hi ti thiu hai a cng, RAID 0 cho php my tnh ghi d liu ln chng theo mtphng thc c bit c gi l Striping. V d bn c 8 on d liu c nh s t 1 n 8, ccon nh s l (1,3,5,7) s c ghi ln a cng u tin v cc on nh s chn (2,4,6,8) s cghi ln a th hai. n gin hn, bn c th hnh dung mnh c 100MB d liu v thay v dn 100MBvo mt a cng duy nht, RAID 0 s gip dn 50MB vo mi a cng ring gip gim mt na thigian lm vic theo l thuyt. T bn c th d dng suy ra nu c 4, 8 hay nhiu a cng hn na thtc s cng cao hn. Tuy nghe c v hp dn nhng trn thc t, RAID 0 vn n cha nguy c mt d 17. liu. Nguyn nhn chnh li nm cch ghi thng tin x l v nh vy d liu khng nm hon ton mt a cng no v mi khi cn truy xut thng tin (v d mt file no ), my tnh s phi tng hp tcc a cng. Nu mt a cng gp trc trc th thng tin (file) coi nh khng th c c v mtlun. Tht may mn l vi cng ngh hin i, sn phm phn cng kh bn nn nhng trng hp mtd liu nh vy xy ra khng nhiu.C th thy RAID 0 thc s thch hp cho nhng ngi dng cn truy cp nhanh khi lng d liu ln,v d cc game th hoc nhng ngi chuyn lm ho, video s.Thc hin:Dung lng ca Strip Volume nm trn t 2 cng vt l tr ln v bt buc dung lng mi cngphi bng nhau:R-click ln Disk 1 chn New Volume, trong ca s New Volume Wizard chn Striped 18. hnh trn ta thy bt buc dung lng ca 3 cng phi bng nhau. y, d liu khi nghi vo a s c chia ra lm cc phn v cc phn ny s chp vo cc a khcnhau, d liu s khng ging nhau ti cc cng 19. Khi d liu c tuy xut trn volume, s truy xut n c 3 a cng, v vy dng strip volume h trload balancing. Nhng khng h tr kh nng chu li v d liu c chia ra, khi mt mt th d lius khng ton vn -> hng.*****Mirrored Disk (RAID 1)y l dng RAID c bn nht c kh nng m bo an ton d liu. Cng ging nh RAID 0,RAID 1 i hi t nht hai a cng lm vic. D liu c ghi vo 2 ging ht nhau(Mirroring). Trong trng hp mt b trc trc, cn li s tip tc hot ng bnh thng.Bn c th thay th a b hng m khng phi lo lng n vn thng tin tht lc. i viRAID 1, hiu nng khng phi l yu t hng u nn chng c g ngc nhin nu n khng phil la chn s mt cho nhng ngi say m tc . Tuy nhin i vi nhng nh qun tr mnghoc nhng ai phi qun l nhiu thng tin quan trng th h thng RAID 1 l th khng ththiu. Dung lng cui cng ca h thng RAID 1 bng dung lng ca n (hai 80GB chyRAID 1 s cho h thng nhn thy duy nht mt RAID 80GB).Thc hin:R-Click vo a chn New Volume 20. Chn Mirrored . hp thoi trn, chn 2 a v n next cho n khi Finish. 21. Ta thy 2 100Mb tr thnh 1 100Mb.Khi hng mt cng, volume ny vn hot ng bnh thng v vn cn mt hot ng, d liu sging ht nhau 2 cng. Trong trng hp ny khng h tr load banlancing nhng h tr FaultTolerancing. Tc truy xut s chm hn bnh thng.Nh vy chng ta s yn tm vi Raid 1 v d liu s c an ton, nhng tc truy xut li chmtrong khi Raid 0 tc truy xut rt nhanh nhng li khng m bo an ton d liu. m boc va truy xut nhanh va m bo an ton ra bc vo cng ngh Raid 5.*****Raid 5:y c l l dng RAID mnh m nht cho ngi dng vn phng v gia nh vi 3 hoc 5 a cng ringbit. D liu v bn sao lu c chia ln tt c cc cng. Nguyn tc ny kh ri rm. Chng ta quaytr li v d v 8 on d liu (1-8) v gi y l 3 a cng. on d liu s 1 v s 2 s c ghi vo a 1 v 2 ring r, on sao lu ca chng c ghi vo cng 3. on s 3 v 4 c ghi vo 1 v3 vi on sao lu tng ng ghi vo a 2. on s 5, 6 ghi vo a 2 v 3, cn on sao lu cghi vo a 1 v sau trnh t ny lp li, on s 7,8 c ghi vo 1, 2 v on sao lu ghi vo 3nh ban u. Nh vy RAID 5 va m bo tc c ci thin, va gi c tnh an ton cao. Dunglng a cng cui cng bng tng dung lng a s dng tr i mt . Tc l nu bn dng 3 80GBth dung lng cui cng s l 160GB.Thit lp:Thc hin tng t nh trn n hp thoi select volume type, chng ta chn RAID 5 22. n next. 23. Dung lng la chn mi l 100M, dng total volume cho thy tng ca volume ny l 200Mb, nghal bng 2/3 tng dung lng tht v dung lng trn cc a b ra phi bng nhau (100MB).Kt qu:Nh vy vi Raid 5 dung lng mt i l 1/3. H tr c c 2 u im ca Raid 0 v Raid 1.TNG KTGi tr m RAID mang li cho h thng l khng th ph nhn - s an ton, hiu nng cao hnty cu hnh. Thc t cho thy RAID 0 v 0+1 c a chung nht trong mi trng gia nh.RAID 0 nhanh nht nhng cng nguy him nht, ch cn mt trc trc l coi nh mi chuynchm dt. Trong khi RAID 1 mc d em li kh nng bo m an ton thng tin nht nhngcng thng em li cho ngi dng cm gic lng ph (chi tin cho 2 cng m hiu nng vdung lng ch c 1). RAID 5 em li hiu nng cng nh an ton cao nhng thit b iukhin thng kh t, l cha k n s tin chi cho cng cng nhiu hn nn t ngi quantm tr khi cng vic cn n. Chnh v th, mt s ngi dng li quay sang hng s dng cc a SCSI gii quyt vn hiu nng/an ton thng tin, tuy nhin chi ph cho mt h thngSCSI loi tt c th cn t hn na.Nu k hn, chng ta s thy chun IDE c nhiu vn v d cc a khng c thit k chy lin tc (rt quan trng i vi cc h thng my ch), dy cp ATA hin ti cn qucng knh nn khi s dng nhiu a s dn ti hin tng cht kn case v trong trng hpxu nht, nhit lng ta ra s dn ti trc trc h thng. Nhng vi cng ngh ngy cng phttrin v nhng chun mi nh SATA ra i, chc chn RAID s c mt tng lai ti sng vtr thnh ngi bn ng hnh l tng cho cc h thng my tnh c nhn cao cp.Tham kho bn so snh cc loi Raid: 24. Nu c thi gian, bi tip theo s cu hnh trn linux (Fedora 13 hoc CentOS 5.5).