EUROPA ORIENTALIS 16 (1997): 1

BEIEPBYPFCK1 ,12 /7At-111b1f1 61.)11 XIX B. KAK cOAK - 1 MACCOBOÙ KY.T11.31YPLA

17a Tpk1U1151 /]COTTO

lineTywHe 11141313/ , >Kypqaiiin pygen,

3eAcume pomm Aa gyeTw ítaACKO, ilaACK0 CMaHMAH

(UDKe TpakTmphi late nyurbi!

(1). A. HeKpaceB, IleTep6ypr H nerep6yprck-cte aaqH)

C .noBo "inana", ncpBoHaqa.m,Ho 03ilatIaBUICC inapoBaiwylo 3CMJIK),

- cricurtarnecKoc 51I3JICHITC, npricymec narepOyprcKomy Obuy.

tipi fleTpc I rocyaapciRcHHasi c.ny5k6a c - ra.na o6snaTc.nbrion

n1113 f1B0p5IIICTBa. RBOK1111,111 TIC mor, KaK npc>i<Rc, yexam Ha

nero B poiloBoc nomeurbc, Oli 6bui BCC Bpcmsr bC51

B6JIM3I1 riapcKo2 pe3HTIcHumr. flerp 1 LiapHA CROVIM npir6~4<cinium 3CMJ110

Ha OcTpoBax (KamenHom, Bc -rpoBcKom, KpecTorscKom, Enarrwom N inp.) H B

ropoac B/10111, pCK /VIA CTp0111 - ClIbCTBa fiBopiroB, KoTophic nanynrour B

KOHLIC XVIII BcKa yc -ronnHHoc na3Bai1ic "iiatrH". Boi , Hanpumcp, KaK Bbl -

rnsmna iiaga rpaqba CiporaHoRa 13 I IoBoli fICpCBIIC:

HocTpoaky 3mammm cBoe2 mamm, qHCTO 6Aal - Op0AHOLO CFHAA, KaK H pa3-

6~y BCCFO eama C KaHaBkaMH, mpymamm, ropKamm, riga* nopymmn

eBoemy BOCHH -FaHHHKy, H3BCC1HOMy B ACTOHHCAX pyecKovo mcKyccula

apxmTeKTopy Bopommxmuy_CTporamoBa Aama, onta H3 AyMMHX B okpccl-

HOCIAX CTOAHHU, M coxpammeT mocehmac xapakTep macTommero 6ap-

CK0F0 *HAHMa pyccKo2 apmcToKpaTmm. B cany y CTporamoBa

XpaHHAHCb 3aMCMaTCAbHIAC Hp0H3BC,21CHHA mckyccTRa (flummeR 1994: 8).

Ila 3141X natrax mari, nporsonftna Bpcmsi .nclom, roioBasi $1B14 1 IDC51 no

ncpBomy pc6oBal1rw.) BO /1B0pCLI mmnepa topa.

B koime XVIII BCKa Hananoch ripo6.nci1Nc OrpOMIlblX 3CMCJIblIbIX yzraci

KOB; craim 3acIpanaalbcm ilanamn OcrpoRa N fleicprorpcKam Ropora.

11pcinclaru1ciffic o6 giro( natlax Jaci o6b5ImeHric 1791 mila o npo/na>kc

oinion 113 I IHX Ha Re I poRcKom oc r porle

358

Ilarpkt Lfrf ACOTTO

flom Ha 6 KBaLtpa -risbix ca>KeH, B 2 3Ta)Ka, Ha KaMCHHOM cpyHmamessre co

c.ny>K6amm, KaK TO, 6arsell, KyxnCGl, norpe6om, .nso.acxofi, capaem, K011/0111 -

Hen, X0J1OCTO11 14360F1, C 3a6OpOM, TaK*C C 3CMJ1S1F1bIM Ba/I0M, ACCOM, CeH -

Hb1MH noxocamm 14 5 ripmamm (C -rolinsmcKHH 1916: 41).

1'13 3T0r0 06b5IBIleH1151 CfleayeT, LITO 3THE (1)YHT1aMenTallbHble nocTpoil-

KH ("Ra414") 11114Cr0 o6111ero 11e Hmenn C maneribmimn "KaproLniblmn nom“-

Kamn", 13 KOTOpb1X B 40-x rr. Flp0B0/11 ,11114 JICTO ne6oraTble neTep6yp*nT 1

TaK 5y.nrapri nucan:

no Komia XVIII BeKa *NAIA Ha ma4c TO/1 13K0 capii, BIlanCTC111Mble K1-1

3b51, Bell 1,MO*14 H nepBoci- a -refinbie 60Fir4 14H0B1 I 14K14 nporyimnanmcb ny6.n14Hux CailiaX 14/1 14 Hb1e3)Kankt 3a ropom C cemeRci . nom nomA ➢a -rb

glICTIAM 130341yX0M (5. cb. 1837).

110 CBIARCTCJIbCTBy neTep6yprcKo2 neppionuKn, fla411 CTal111 ,E10CTyllF1b1

umpoKomy Kpyry ropo*an TO.T113K0 C }colma 30-x rr. npournoro BeKa. C

3T01-0 BpCMCHI4 BoKpyr ropona IlatlaJ114 110.5113IISITbC.2 "nannbie mecTa", Ha -

gan cpopmnponamcsi 11013b1R "nannbn;t" ObIT, B nanno2 cTaTbe MbI 110fIbl -

TaCMC5111p0allaJ111311p0Balb C Kynb -ryponorvivecKoR T04K14 3perisi 4a414 KaK

Ct/aKT rielep0yprCKOH 6bITOBOA KynbTypu.

C 40-x rr. "Elb1111Hb111 Crp02pb12 rpafl" nyanaincKnx Rpemén pe3Ko MCF131eT

CB011 061111K. B pa2one CC111102 11/10111aR14 11 K0/10MHbl 11033BJ15110TC51 nepBble

noxonnble 111111, KaK 14X "roraa 11a3b1BaJ111, "cneKynsiTkmbie" noma 11J153

*11/113L10B, 2 a 3a roponom nannuaeTcsi nrrrencnnnoe cTponTenbc -rBo Rau

r1/151 ropo*an. FleTepOyp*neR BCC 6onbule nimaneKaer npoc -rop necos,

4FICTb111 B03yX. 1110£114 Manoro ROCTaTKa OTKJIa,E1b1BafIll nenbrn, 4T06131

CHAU) 11agy. KaK nnweT bynrapun, c 30-x rr. 60.nbanmern0 *HTerie171 np0-

Hoi_utrul neTo 3a roponom:

1104T11 BCC cHne.nbrm FOCT14 I 10F0 ne.opa Ilp013CTp14Ba1OTC51 no ripammí-

xam Ha uagax CBOHX X0351C13... He 14111 liTe ACTOM xynua 13 name, arrre-

Kapsi 13 airreKe, Hemerworo macreporsoro 8 MaCTCpCKOO, 6ymawssoro

nenbua B Cr0 Ka6sinc -re! BCC OHM Ha na‘sel... (lì. Ci) . 1837).

TOJ11)K0 COCTOSITCJIblible nionn cunmann nany, coxpansu 3a. C06011

KBaplHpy 13 ropo,ae; a te *e, KOMy 11C 1103B011511111 cpencTna, 11a11.2B nany,

lloissirste /lampi Kax "Kaprollingl fIOMMK" vacTo BCTpegaCTC51 13 .nwrepa -rype

130 Hropoll 110/10131MC XIX B. (C14MaHCKII13, flpy)KHilisH 14 np.).

2 0 CUICKyIlAT14131 1b1X 4omax B C.-Ile -rep6yprc CM. "XyamKeci - BeHHasi ra3eTa"

1840, 15 ceHisi6p5, c. 25-29; o 11 1.1C0104X L10MaX 13 C.-Flerep6ypre CM. "CeBep-

tiasi rimena." 1840, 29 aBrycra.

neTep6yprcKHH AcuinbfH 6bIT XIX 13CKa KaK tpaKT MaCCOBOR KynbTyphi 359

noKHRanH neTepOyprcKoe *lume, ciapaBcb np0>KHTb Ha Raqe KaK MO*110

ROJThIlle (C anpenB no ce11TB6pb H Ra>Ke oKTB6psn, H60 3a Hee FiflaTHIIH

He HOMeCA4110, a 3a BCCb Ce3OH.

Y>Ke B 10 - X rr. "KpecTswe CTa.TH1 OTTgBaTb CBOH rp53Hue XaTKH Ha

JleTO HeOoraTimm >KHTellAM CTOJIHUbl" crIb► ngeB 1994:10). Ho no epe Toro

KaK cnpoc BO3paCTafl, 3eM.TfeBflarieflblAbi CTafIH 3aCTpal4BaTb CBOH yt-tacTKH

[Lavar«, H313.TICKaA 113 3T01"0 3aMeTtly10 npH6bInb.

Ynommiatme o noRo0ubix [1a4HbIX nocerpokKax tlacTo BCTpet-laeTCA B

AHTeparype. B ocHosHom, 3T0 wano6bi Ha npH>KnmpicrocTb RayeBnanenb

Kolopme CTp0HITH ReweBble, HeKa3HCTble Roma 113 cnynakHoro MaTe -

pHafia, Maf10 npHcnocoOneurible qnA >KHJIbA, 4TO6b1 B HFIX FlOMeCTFUTOCb

KaK MO>KHO 601IbIlle RaLHIHKOB, H coBepuieHno He 3a6oTkumcb O KomcpopTe

H 3,T10p0Bbe, J1HWb 6b1 3apa60TaTb. B 3THX p0MaX, KaK oTMeuaeT coBpemen-

HHK, "1-10J1HbIR npociop armi CR1303110E- O BeTpa B ropuHne H RyTbe B IlleJIH"

(CHmancKHR 1892: 19).

B KOHLW 30 - X rr. 0KpeCTHOCTH CTOJIHUbl, pacnono*cHHble 13/10./lb peK,

KaHallOB H Ha OCTpOBaX, CTalal H311106J1e1Mb1MH MeCTaMH RaHHHKOB: npn-

B.neKano yRo6Hoe napoxoRHoe coo61neHme c neHTpom ropoRa, 0006eHHo

TCX, KFO e>KeillieBHO e3RHJ1 Ha cny>K6y B Heerep6ypr. MaCCOBIA OTTOK

neTom *HTenc2 3a ropoj cnoco6crsoBan pa3BHTHIO TpaucnopTa H no-

5113.neHHIO o6meRocryn1bix yBeCe.THITCAbliblX CaROB (Konet-mbiR 1996). PaHb -

me naHlIHKH mori-m 11011b30BaTbCA J1H60 He60.TIblEHMH napoxoRamH, KOTO -

pbie c npllcTaIill y JleTHero caga flepCB031411H HX B 3apetfilbla HeTep6ypr H

Ila OCTp0Ba, 111460 H3B03 14HKaMH, HO nocneRHHe 11nA 60J1b111WICTBa 6b1J114

CJIHRIKOM a0p0FH.

C nera 1832 r. 6blf1H npoBeReHbi /113e nepBbie RHAH>Kaucnbie .nHHHH B

CaMble nonynsipnble 0KpeCTHOCTH FOpOila — KpecToBcKHR ocTpos H Ho-

Bylo RepeRmo. B 1837 r. 6w-1a BBeRena B cTpoR Tperbsi IIHHHA, Ha (Tomo-

cTpoRo, rRe TOTIbK0 IATO 01KpbUICA "BOKCafi" 11./151 KoHnepToB H TaHlAe -

BallbHbIX BeLiepoB (OT KOHKII /J0 TpaMBa5I 1994: 68). rIOABJICHHe ,QH.THDEaFIC -

11b1X ITHHH .H. 6b1J10 ABHO CBA3aF10 C He06X0f(HMOCTIA0 06ecne4niTh BO3M0* -

HOCTb He6oranbIM neTepOyp*nam nocemaTb 3aropoRnble mecTa, H, B nacT-

HOCTH, yBecenHTenbtme caRbi.

Y>Ke B cepeRHHe 40 rr. FIOABHAHCb HOCTOAHHble omHH6ycHwe mapni-

pyThi B 3ape4mbie /1a4Hble Mecra H B EKaTepunrott). nOCIle/THAA JIHHHA

Hanimana RencTBoBa b B camom nanane masi, a HHorria. Ra*e B anpene, 3a-

pe4nble — 15 maB, Kor,ria y>Ke Hacrynan neRoxoR H HaBoRHAH nnallwo-

ymbie MOCTbl (AOMOCe,/10B 1858, 3acocoB - 11bl3H11 1991).

360

naTpFIUH51 aCOTTO

11pHropoimbie pe2cm o6c.ny>mlusa.nH HeTbipe KOMTIal1H41, y Ka>Kjiog H3

HPIX RHAIDKal-ICb1 Obl.T1H pa3Horo HaeTa Kpacume, >KCJVIble, 3e.nerible, CH -

HHC. 31H RHAH>kancbi OTTIpaBTI5IIIHC13 e)KeRlICBHO C HeBCKOTO npocneKTa,

OT FOCTV11101-0 )1B0pa (J1OMOCC) OB 1858: 140). BHOBb OTKpb1Tble J1HHHH

nan63oaa.nHcb ycnexoM y ropo*an no pa3Hum npwrimam. Flpe*Re acero

Mx HPHBJ1CKaJIHRellleBH3Ha npoema (01 15 i-to 30 KOHCCK 3a 61111CT B 3aBH -

CHMOCTH or paccioamm H 1 ,136aB.TICHHC OT M01101-1011HH H3B03HHKOB, KOTO -

pue J1CF0M, KOTRa Cflp0C Ha 1114X 1-10B131111aJICSI, 11a6aB115111H LleHy. 3 143B03 1IHKH

Tepriemi y6biTKH OT RH.TT>Kaucoa, KOTopue npe3p1Te.nauo 11a3b1BaJIH

"4CPTOBb1MH KyKnamm". ropo>Kaue, Hecmorpa na yao6cTao T011bK0 HTO

nomaHameroca o6atecraerworo TpaHcnOpTa, B CBOIO otrepeab, Ra.nvi [num->Karicy KI114 ,1KY "COpOK myireHHKoa", a CJ1OBO "OM111,16ye" 11aCMCIIII1HBO

neperniaHHAH B "061114MyCb": Tp0M03f1KHC 3KHna>KH nofinpurriaanH H pacKa-

HHaanHcb Ha yxaOax H nacca*Hpoa lo H Reno KiTriano B 06bATHA Rpyr K

iipyry (01 KOIIKII a0 rpamBasi 1994: 10).

C npoaefteHHem *C/1E3110H /IOpOrH OWHB111111Cb H ompecruocrH Ile-

repOypra, pacnono*enlible nonanbine or ropoRa: aHatra.ne FlaanoacK,

KOHCHHa51 C farnuist flepB02 *C.T1C3F102 froporH B POCCHIA (1837), 3aTCM parkni

BROIlb IIHKOIlaCBCK02 *eJ1C311011 ROpOTH (1851), a 1-103/111Ce --- BRO.T1b COHH -

J1511RCKOTO 3w-11113a. B J1CTHCC apema 3TH mecTa npHBJIEKdnH CT01114 ,111b1X

*HTelicH HMC11110 CBOCH OT,Ralle11110CTb10 OT ropoila, KaK Han60nee 11011C3 -

11b1C, C VIX 10 11K11 3peruísi, /via 3RopoBb51.

B nsumnecA tue roRbt noewa Ha Aagy RocTHr.na laKo2 nonynap-

110CTII CpCRH nerepOyp)Kuea, Hro cran Ra>Ke BbIXORHTb cneumanbublit

cnpaaoHHHK c pacnricaurtem omHH6ycoa, napoxoRoa H noe3Roa Ha neTep-

rocp, LlapcKoc Ceno, Ilaa.noacK H ralunmy ("Cnpasolmaa '<mira )1i1 JIHL(,

nocentaionmx [(atm H 3aropoimue yaecenrure.nbubie mecTa, /via arbe3)Kalo-

uulx BO BuytpcHubie roporta Hmnepurt H oinpaanalownxca 3a rpaHHuy Ha

napoxotiax 1-10 1 -110BbIX H HacIllblX", cnO 1850L FlpocmalpHaaa pacnHcaume

r paicnopra, y6eAutaetabca, 4'ro ono cocrawneHo c yirelom nmpe0HocTe2

.rnofw2, paOolarunktx B FleiepOypre: 13 yrpeHHHe Hacbi coo011tenHe 6b1.no

6o.nee uacrblM 1,13 RaL1111,1X mecr B ropoji , trem H3 ropoaa, ocoOenrio me>K4y

3 1lekpacoB ronopHT H O Apyirix upcHmylirccmax omi46ycoB: "BMecTo T01 -0

4ro6 Topronamcsi C 143B034 14Ka M H, KOTOpbIX K TOM y * 0 Ile BO BCSIK00 Bp0M51

MO*1 10 OThICKaTI, Ha 141 I bl X Raqax... BbI 110 3a6OTHT0C6 1114 O 40M, HpHxonHTe B

143BCCTHbIA qac K nynxTy OTRICCTRII SI omnH6yca, 1 -1110.THT0 40130pTaK H caL114-

TCCI, 13 CIIOKOAIIblr1 14 HpocTopnwi /114/1 11>Kal1C; BaC HC Tpsicer, KaK Ha aypt1b1 X

143B034 11 ,-1 1,14X itpo*Kax; ne I 1,1111,1TC 51 Barile HilaTbc; ne HaOHRae -rcsi rsam Il bVlb 13

po -r, noc H yuiri..." (1966: 357).

cic

p)y

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362

Ila Tp14 LIMA 11COTTO

BOCbMb10 14 ,E1e13SITb10 nacam“, Korna ne -rep6yp>Kubt OTHpaBJ151J114Cb Ha pa6o-

Ty. C naca /Bui ao Recsrrn 4acoB Benepa 6bIJlo 6o.nbuie peficoB 143 ropoja

13 MagHble MeCTHOCTH. ERHIICTBeHHIAM NCKn104etlneM 6bIlla HOBa.53 gepeBH.51,

rfte ruinkmancbt KypcktpoBani Ka*Abie nannaca, jjo ,aBenanna -rn tiacoB

110411, rlaBa51 BO3MO*HOCTb neTepOypontam 3aCH*14BaTbC51 B TpaKTI4paX 14

npoBormTb spemsi B camom niony.nsipliom yBece.nwreimnom caay N. 143.nepa.

nppi CbeMKC mann YLIHTblBallileb Ile TO.J11>K0 ee OT,RalICHHOCTb OT ropo-

2-1a, HO nna -ra 3a CC3OH H R0poroBn3na >K1131111 B 3TOM paRone. BoKpyr fle-

TepOypra nem)! ila rtatm 6b11114 pa311ble. Cambie O:i -mune, 3a ncKi -nonennem

lloBoR JlepeBl-IH, 6bunt ,RopcoKe, nopromy ne6ora -rb117 CTIY>K14Bb12 n10 jj

o6bl4no npeanonnTan yaamennble /lagrime mecTa 3a Ilepnoil PenKoPi —

flecnoe, FlapranoBo, 3amann.noma H T. A. B MeCTFIOCTAX pBmom c fle -rep-

Oyprom napicn, Cajjbl , npyabi H KynamAin 6b1J11114acTriumH 14 3a 1-10J1b30Bahlile

HMH Haf10 661110 11.TlaTI4Tb, B TO BpCM.S1 KaK B OTAaJleHHIAX MeCTaX nanyna -rb

YROBOIlbCTBIle OT npmponbt He CTOHJ10 1114 KOrlef1K14. ECJ111 r0B0p11Tb O TH -

rionorum mecT, TO He06X0/111M0 y ,114TbiBaTb cpaK -rop cperm 06I4Ta -

H1451 H Obira. n0 C110BaM .H0TMal1a (1994:12), "ObIT — 3T0 He 10.flbK0 *143Hb

Bemen, 3T0 H o6b14an, BCCb pyrryan e*erineBnoro noBenenne.

FIcpBonananbno caMblM npec -ikoioon Rannbim mecTom 6b111 Kamernmifi

oc -ipoB, r-mc npoBoan.no ACTO 3a>K11104110e ABOPSIFICTBO. 3ToT OCTPOB Bbl -

T1C/15311CS1 cpeRvi jipyrux Kpacom2 ABopnoB H Twilinno2 a.n.rie'n, a 3a npene-

namm /iati MO>K110 61.11J10 BCTpeFFITb TOJI1>K0 nplic.nyry. CBeTCKa.53 ny6.nnica

npeAnonkia.na npoBoAn -rb BpemB B caRax npn manax, rne tlyBc -rBoBana

cc6B C13060[1110 N nenpnify*/ -tenno; Begb 13 ropoiie npnrwopuble yBece.ne-

11HB (Temp, macKapailbi, 6a.nbi T. g.) BX0/114511,1 B ce 06513a11110CT11. Benepom

Ild 3aKare colutna. 3FlaTb moOnna e3jjHTb B Kaperax lia c -rpenKy Enarnna

ocTpoBa (Flui.nBeB 1994: 17).

COBCeM mpyras aTmoccpepa napvula tia cocemnem KpecroscKom oc -rpo-

Be, or,Bbixa.no H pa3B.neKarioci, npocTonaporme. HPOCI-ble /110 0E114 npo-Boan.nn Bpemm 13 TpaKTnpax (oco6clino nonymipen 6bui "Pycciollì TpaK-

Tnp"), c.nywarin MY3b1Ky H Fila3C1111 Ila BbleTyll./1e111151 OpOJIALIIIX aKTCp0B. Ha

3TOM oorpoBe e>Keroano fic -rom ncrep6yprcKne nemnbi o -rmenann CBOli

npa3R11AK "Ky.n.nep6epr", 4 a Kynnbi J10B14./114 pbl6y B TO1131X CFlePPIallbHbIX

npmax. HPIICyFCTBVIC HeML1CB npktfiaBa.no ocrpoBy 0006131k KO.TIOPHT, 11TO

6b1110 oTmeneno H cppanny3cnim 1114CaTelICM FOTbe:

4 llompo6isec cm. FclicAcp H. C. K yfifiep6Cpr, 11J114 riCTC136ypTCKI1C HCMUM. - B raficpuon ramanti. C116. 1908.

neTCp6yprCKIII4 2la4Hblig 61.IT XIX BCKa KaK OaKT MaCCOBOR Kynb -ryphi 363

il contient un charmant village de chalets ou petites maisons de campagne, habité pendant la belle saison par une colonie de familles généralement allemandes... Les maisonnettes de Krestovskij, travaillées dans ce style helvé-tico-moscovite, doivent étre de delicieuses habitations d'été. Un grand balcon, ou pluted une terrasse inferieure formant comme une chambre ouverte, occupe sur la faode tout le premier étage. C'est là qu'on se tient dans les jours sans fin de juin e de juillet, au milieu des fleurs et des arbustes (Gautier 1978: 108).

ara Hr11111/114 11eCKaA KapTHHa >10131111, 6e3 BCAKOP 3KCTpaBaraHTHOCT14,

4PICTb1C, ytortible ROM14K14 C 6aIIKOHaM11, rrte KHF1AT 110 yrpam CaMOBapb1,

pa3Raercsi ReTcKH2 CMCX, a Betrepom nom - CO.TIOBb11, Obuia xapawreprra H

Tinsi LI CpHON PC 11101, rrie Flp0B0/111J111 J1CTO 4HHOBIIHK11 H Kynnbi. B lloBok RepeBne BCC kluage. Tyr 06IJ10 Ma.710 3WICH14 H IlBeTOB,

061.110 Fp513H0BaTO H HbIllb110, HO 3aTO Bece.no, oco0enno B 1.3,K 11a3b1BaeMOM

"*H4OBCKOM mBapTane", r -Re npne3*ne "Kamemm" BlIOCHJ111 neKylo FIHKatIT -

110CTb B pa3mepennyio Ratrnyto *H311b. 3T0 661110 nio6nmoe MCCTO X0/10 -

CTSIKOB, KOTOpbre CHHMallk1 natly noi py6.nell copok 3a CC3011.

X0110Cible 4HHOB1114101 51BILAJIH C0602 oco0b1n Tvfn RannmKa. Y muori« 143 11HX ornyem fl.TIHJICS1 BCCFO 7-10 AlICH, F103TOMy 01414 Flpe/1110 11HTallH Re-nieBylo Ragy B TenTenenok f1CpeBHC, B 1-1013011 H CFapOli iiepentolx, B

3aMal1H.TIOBKC, rRe >K11.T1H, pajin 3K0110MHH, B Of111011 KOMIlaTC no liCCKOJIbKy

nenoReK. Bo BpCM51 3TOr0 KOpOTKOF0 oTnyeKa 01114 FlOCCIllallH oKpecTrible na414 CBOVIX ropoRcmix 311aKOMblX, B naRe*Re, 4T 0 HX npnrnacAT oTo0e-RaTb 14J114 flepelIOLICRaTb.

11enmyurne X0110C1ble Ka111.1CIlApHCFb1 HC MOF1111 CCOC 1103BOJIHTb HatISITb

Ra*e Komnary. OF1H mnpaB.nsimici, lia petiKy KapnoBKy, noLleBalul na 6e- pery nom OTKpb1IIIM neBom HJ1H rRe-11m6yRb B poille, 110 TaK, 4TO6b1 yTpom Bb1F11512CTI) 13110.1111C IlpHJ114 11110:

BCC 011H H OneBatOTCA el)paHTaM14, XOTA ripH 3TOM IlpHX0,411TCA camomy CTIApaTI, R nane, a TO H npocTo B kap1-1011 KC, CBOIO C/IITHCTACI 11 lyk/ py-nallIKy, rIJIaTOK H 11CCKOJ1 1,K0 Mal 11411ICK (KyllICACKH 13 1875: 181)

B rpex BepcIax OT IiOBOH RepeBrui 11aX0,[11,11114Cb K0110M511- 14, Kyria

C3)111/1a FseCC/IHTI,C51 IICB3bICKalariblIa51 nynntwa: macTeponue — CT011Sipb1,

FlOpTHb1C, CaTIO*1111K11, KOF0phIC 110 BOCKpeCCIlbSIM npeFspantanneb B nano- ma*erniux cpparrroB (IleKpacoB 1966: 375).

3a LlepiroFt PeLiKon cci)opmnpoRa_rincb Rfla Rannux mecTa — flecnon ntt- CTItryT (TICCHOC) 11 flapF0.TIOBO, rjje OT,(41,1Xalla, B OCHOBHOM, HIITC/1/111 -

1- CHH1451. TICCHOC CTa/10 0>4048./1511 bC51 B Tp11/11.FaTbIX roriax, HplIBACKa.S1 cBoe2 *HBOFIHCHOCT1310 H CM01114C1b1M ap0MaTOM cocen. flapF0J10130, moropoe nanane XX B. y>ke He orAntranocts oco6o kpacoTon, TorRa npnBneKano

364

17a7pla(1151 12COTTO

npeKpacnok pa3iloo6pa31lo1 npvtpoRo2 H CBOVIMI4 ROBOIlb110 y1106numn pt

cpam111iCflb[10 RCIlleBb1MH Ratiamkt. 06pa3oBannbic C.TION CPopmlipoBarn4

noByK) 3CTeTliKy Ra411o2 cpcabi. 3Rech nocTpoilKu H CaRbI OTJINtIalINCb

0co602 113bICKa11110C11910 1,1 aKKypaTII0CF1,10. 5

HenoRancky OT BToporo flapranoBa, B 3aMal-11,1110BKC, oTRuxankt

cKpomnbic LINHOB1114KH C CCM13 SIMH, a le KOTOpble nanynanki "ReCATb C 110A -

tHno2 >4<aRoBanb5I" cummaRm Ratm R mcpTe ropoRa, Na ileerepByprcxofi

cropotic, rRe RcpcBsumbie Roma c canamil co3RaBanH 11/1111031410 3aF0p0Ra.

3 -fa tlaCTb F0p0Ra FlIDCRCTaBASI.fla flnA 6CRII0F0 KalillefISIpHeTa ,q13a FlpekIMy

LIICCTI3a: 011 MOF XORIATb 11C111K0M fia pa6oTy N lia KpCCTOBCKHR 0CTp0B.

11CKOMpble 113 1111X OCTaBajbleb Ha KapflOBKC 311M0BaTb. nyeTble X0 -

AORIlble Ra414 CRaBa/111 06bIKHOBC11110 3a 6CCLICII0K 1,1111,1 pa3peilla.1111 B HI4X

>.NH, BOBCC /japOM, J11,111112 61,4 01111 IIC nycroBanTi, a IICTOM, KOFRa BO3Bpa

mannci) B.naRanbubt, >K14.11bilbI nepecansuici, Ila ticpRaKvi, B Capa0 1114KVI,

flyCTbIC K011101111111. nO4ICKH N CbeMKa Ragli flpeBpalllafINCb B COObITHe, B

BCCCIIIIK)10 0/111CCCI0. ACHTC/111 Ficicp(ypra oTnpamsunicb n0c3R0m 11)111

0M11116yCOM R pa311bIC MeCra, FRC Ila1114MaJ114 KNCTI3A11 - 1136034NK0B, KOTO

pbic 80311./111 kIX B IC.T1CFaX no RcpcRuslm B FIONCKaX IlaK.FICC1111b1X Ila OKIIaX

6yMa.>KCK 14.110 4CpliblX ROIIICLICK C 6C/101.1 IlaRFINC1310 !la Ka111,11 - KaX ROMOB

CRatIC BIlaCM. 110 gale BCCFO y KpCCTI,5111 6b1/11 ,1 CB011 aRpeca, KyRa 01111

ROCtaBIISIJIM FlpliC3>K11X, 3a IITO nanytianvi Ol X0351CB RomoB Bo3narpa>x-

Apyro2 cnoco6 IIaNTN Ratiy 61,11111 O66ARncI1NA R Fa3CFaX, KOMpbIe IIC

BCCFRa OTRCLIanN 0>K1Ral11451M CbCMII1HKOB, KaK 3TO Cfly414.TIOCI),

c repommil paccKa3a aaLta rio o6bstanenkno:

CKammo, 'no ycanb6a fiala B 4 ncpclax OT cTaHuHH, a Ha camom

JICJIC n onwmanHaTH nepcTax. floporm Bel" HmKaKo2... Hpo cmcpo npm ycanb6c HanpaHo... Cany rapii ycanb6c Jlccy nporyAoK m HcKamisi rpH6on TO*C IICT... UIC11K1,111 1912a: 236).

Idnorna X0351CBa, tiroOLI 3aman11 i b KJINCIIT0R , Hpemenno o6clamsuni /Tally

xopowc2 mcfícimo, KOlOpa51 HCIIC3aila KaK FaIlbK0 >KH.TIblAbl FlOCC.T151/11-1Cb:

C3/114J111 B i laB/10BCK, 4TO6bl OCM0 rperb na‘iy N O6biIBIlTI, O Hamem

cKopom IICKC3fIC 110i1OBNI la X01)0IIICIII,KO11 MC6C/114, C Koropoll A Hal-114

5 Buxonmno CHC111121A1ARAC 143AMIHR, HOCRAMCMHWC 04)01)MACI11110 nammix no-cwocK. CM., HaupHmcp, Illpeancp K. 14.11.1110MH11alp451. MiCylIKH BCCX Aexo-

paTHImoro ocnewelmR N y6pancina maumg N cation micaAmKawf, OonapAmpt,

6CHra"CKIIM orncm HCKyCCTBCHHMMH NCTCHHAMH H nneramm H Hp04. CE16

1856.

HeTcp6yprcKHR AaRRNR 61,1T XIX neKa KaK OaKT macconoR Kyin,Typm 365

maJi Ramy, He4e3ila: ec Hepellecinl B mpyryro magy loro >Ke xo3sunia, H

BMCCTO xoponieHbKon KywerKH , HOCTaBHJIH pBaliblP1 11130RaBACHHHH

— 11ey*e.m4 *e Ty MC6Cilb OCTaBliTb, C KoTopOVI 110Ka3b1BalOT!

Flpetia.HB110 06bACHHJ1 MHC ABOpHP1K. — 3TO 3ancerma TaK 6b1BaCT:

Qua me6enb finsi r10Ka3a, a /VIA iloRep*aHH.2 RpyraA. Ta MC6C.71b, 'TO

BaM 110Ka3b1BaAH 6Wila 113 remepaJfficKoti KBapTiipm B3ATa, HCy*C/114 - >KC

CC 4,1151 noRep*aribB OCTaBHTL, 3a 75 py6Ileil. (111151 11017PaBKH 3,a0p0B1,51,

K yin eBcK tin I 881 : 149- 1 50)

FICKOTOpb1C nelep6yp)Kub1 TAlly)111 RO cepefuntbi 11101151, 4T06b1

„aany 3a LICTBCp1 b HCHbl, HO TaKIKIX 61,1./10 11CM110r0, 60J1b1IIIIHCFB0 onaca-

110C13 OCTaTbC51 6e3 3aroponnoro *un'Ida na nero.

f1pOTHB0110J10>Klib12 npoLtece HMCJi MCCTO OCC111,10, KOFRa neTep6yp>K-

L1b1 yCIpCMJ154JIHCb B ropon, HCKaTb KBapTnpy Ha 314My (pela, HRCT O 1CX,

KTO nepee3)Kan Ha Ragy, OTKa3b1BaSICI, OT 1 -0pORCK0i4 KBaprupbo. TyT Ha -

HHHallacb "neenocnam nponertypa crpancTBoBarnTB no ynkmam, fla3aH1431 no

meT13epTbIM H nsublm 3Ta)KaM, OCCROHCLilible H ontfo06pa3IIble Oecenbi c

RBOpIIHKaMH H T. n." (CirmaticKnk 1892: IV).

1]1151 COCTOSIFCJibillAX L111 HOBIIHKOB nepee3n Ha [(any nnorfla )(e:m*-

1151/1CA newenannem npmcnyrn cnenoBarb 3a IINMN. rOpiii44Hb1C yB011b1151 -

▪ KaK npaBnno, no flaym npwrriffam: 111160 14M 11C npaBnnocb jjagHoe

MCCTO, Bbi6pailmoc X0351HHOM, FRC Ha HX B3rJ1SIR 6b1J10 MaTIO BO3MO*HOCTC2

111151 npuBTfloro BpemBnpenpoBo>Knenkni (TaKHMH MCCTaM14 CLIHTaJIHCb, 11a -

ripmmep, fla13110BCK H HapcKoe CC110), J11160 orto 6b1J10 C11NIIIKOM OTRanC11 -

1161M OT ropofta N neyft06111,1m nn51 o6inein4A c noffpyramn 111114 C *erlxamH

(/lei:(141f 1897). KyKapKnnpennolinTann nalinble mecTa, B KOTOphle ne nano

6b1./10 B0311T13 npoftyKTbi H3 ropofta, a MO*110 6b1J10 BCC Kyr1HTb B MCCT1 -1b1X

MACHbIX H 3CJICH1161X JiaBKaX, 3a UTO 01111 KaK HOCTOffillIbIC KTINCIITb1

• M3Ry OT Ilp0RaBHOB. X035121{11 3T0 311a1111 14, 1-11 0661 yOna*HTb Ky -

XapKy, yroBoprtrb ee OCraTbC.S1 Ila JICTO nOBblwanH >KaJI0BaHbe.

YeTpemnelfrte neTep6yp*LteB 3a ropofl 0311w-fano finsi 11HX yxoft 413

HCKyCCTBCHHO opratrinoBatinoro npocTpancrBa, nartynaero rpomanamn

ROMOB H 6ypflum I- CMHOM >K1431114, lia npocTop npnpoftbi. Hprt nanme /tagli

IWCRTIOLITCHHC OfflaBallOCb TCM, Kolopble HMCJIH CaR H flaX0R111114C1, B61114 -

31,1 reca, o3epa 141114 peKm.

hia /lane LICJIOBCK 61,1J1 CBO6ORCH OT BCCX roponcKmx 06513aHHOCTCA,

caM peinan, KaK pacnpepenrITt, CBOC BpemB, KoTopoe OH mor HOCB.SITHTb

J 110611MbIM 3a.1151T1151M: ry./151T12 B necy, coOktparn rp1161,1 H 5:11-0Rb1, yftTlfb pb1 -

6y, 110BHTI, 6a6ofreK, paK0B. Ha Rane mo*no 6b1110, ne roponBcb, nponn-

TaTI, ra3eTy C nepBon HOCJICRIICH CTp0K11, IlaCJIa>KRalbCSI 3R0p0BOH

ftepeBeticKon nnuten — napubtm M0)1OKOM, RH 111,10, 3CJICI1b10 tcnapoKon,

366

naTp141114.9 11COTTO

1..113CTHOil KanyeTo2). ,E1a4Ha51 )KH3rlb npoTeKana B camy HJ1H Ha Teppace, no-

c.neRHIolo 4acTo 3amensuba napycmHoBasi nanaTKa, npHc -rpoeHrtasi K Romy.

Ha none npvipoRbi ropo>KaHH11 oLabixa.n, "ocae*a.ri nepey -rom.neHHoe

re.no H mo3r"(Xo3sitiKa ,a1gma 1895: 62). 3Tomy oco6ernio cnoc06e -rBoaana

BORA — 0/1110 143 rnaanbix nac.na)K,nernin nannnKoa. ropo*aue muoro Ka-

-Fanne!) Ha JIOLIKaX, 3aropaim 1111H CHaCaJIHCb OT )Kapbl B KynaJIbHAX, KOTO -

pble cnennannuo yeTpaHaarnich Ha peKax H HpyMaX:

beni:4e na.naTicit, Ha3HWICHlibIC fusi npox.na,EiHoro far niente npit*anktch

3CJICHH 6Cper0B, KaK COHI1bIC JIC6CMH, no Hcemy ripo -rsoKeHino HeBOK...

3TH LIOJ101HRHbIC nomellieniim 66111H 11060J11,11111C... HO B 1111X 6b1J10 2:10BOIlb -

HO MCCTa, 4TO6b1 HO rop.no B BOJ1C, 110 - 11y6HACKH, OTnHCaTb Ha mia-

Hytem npo6KoHom CTOJ1HKC nynbky epa.naina. 6 (Llomoceriors 1858: 154)

CTyMCHTb1 no Bellepam yeTpanBann JI 106HTellbCKVIC CfleKTaKJIH, TaHLke -

Banbublie Benepa. /1)151 3 -ror0 manone*n co6npana (He 6e3 Tpy,aa) y Raul-

HHKOB iTertnrH, Ha Ko -ropme apeuRosana capafi, oRa.n*nna.na nocyfy,

CT0J1bl, CTynhsl , My3b1Kall III 161C nuerpymeurbi. Capan yKpawancA COCHO -

BbIMH BCFBAMH H 3CJICF1b1M11 rnp.nswilamm, OCBC111alICA C EIOMOI11b1O CaMO -

Mellbl1b1X Oyma>lolux cpoHapen. Y BXOfa B gro -r "3a.n" npncTpamBalw pae

napycHnoame nariaTKH; B oRHon Hrparul B KapTiA, a FS apyron liaX0MHJICA

6ycl)e -r C npoxnarm -re.nnHbimn HannerKamm, Haem, 6y.nKamm, cppyKeramm —

Rb1H51M11, rpyinamii, B6JI0KaMli (TIC2K11 II 1897).

ORnaKo, ne [osi BCCX Ma4 1 1dA )KH3Hb Oblila HfHnnne11. 1.0111DKO >Kelibl H

MeTH 110J1b30Ba.T1HCb 130 - HaCT051 111CMy BCCMH yMOB011 13CTBHAMH nei-nero OT-

fblxa. KaK yTaep*maeT MHxneButi, Bviaribin neTep6yprcKnn AcypHafincT

JuT6epannuo-Haporwm4ecKoro To.nKa, MJIA MHOFHX neTep6yp*Ltea )KH3Hb

Ila npripoRe 6bina "nonTu u.runo3ne2". 06 3TOM cBruerenncisytoT 14 10M0 -

pl4C1HLICCKHe paecKa3bi, rie E'llaBHIAM repoem LlaCTO BbicrynaeT TaK Ha3b1 -

BaCML,111 "Raunibin My)K", KOTOplA e*eariernio noilaepraeTcsi BCCM T511- 0TaM

110C3/1K11 B rOport H o6parno Ha Liany, a *CIld H Mel H H3BOMAT ero MHO -

*CCIBOM nopon ne.rienbix nopyneunk. OceHnio Ha n.neHri "AanHoro my*a"

CBaJ114BaCICA H 3a60Ta O noricKax roponcKon KaapTripm (flePnctit 1897).

TeM He menee, noe3pKa 3a ropoil cyfuTfla nerepOyp>Kuy He TallbK0

nac.na*RenHe npupojoi, He TOTIbK0 1436aa.neHne OT ropoRcKoro 6brra,

>KéCIKO pernameirrupoaarnioro H Hepapxn3npoBarmoro (Cp. florman 1994),

HO 14 mnp 141 IbIX OTHOIIICIIHA. Ha fate, Ha none npupoRm, MCH51110C13 14 6bITO -

6 Epa.naui — KaperomHafi !Arpa (pa3nommiocem rincra watt npeq)epaHca).

Fluorita /Ia411HKH urpajii 13 KapTbi, cnnsi B npymy, 3a CI1CLIHallbHb1M CTOJ1HKOM.

TleTep6yprmikl Aatilibtkl an- XIX BCKd KaK (PaKT macconoR KyfibTyphi 367

Boe noBoaerine Aroaen, oc.na6eBa.nn krepapxwiecKne paMKH. 3T0 npoBB.nm-

.n0Cb H B 3THKeTe: "flomn.nynre, LITO 3a Lrepemortmi Ha aatre! 3aect., y Hac

nonpoc -ry. SI H caM B py6axe" (Ileffickm 1912b: 217-218).

Koraa HHHOBVIIIK npne3>Kan Ha aatry, OH meHB) MyllnHp 14 CPypa>4<icy tra

xa.naT H canomerwyro numny, a Kyneu naaeBan ry(lmn H nanoTHArrylo

copoHKy B3aMCH CWILieeoll py6axn C KOCb1M BOPOTOM (JICCIK1411 1912b: 227).

)1(C11111Hlibl HaneBann pacnaurnbre KanoThr H Ha ynnue HOCHI1H He nunny, a

cfm.neffilyro KOCb11104Ky 14.1111 Kpy>KeBrIon (PaHILIOH.

HCCKO.TIbK0 nrraule o6c -romo Treno Ha KamenHom ocTpoBe, rje cBer-

cKast ny6.nliKa Hac.na)Kaa.nacb, KaK H BCC, RaTIHOH >K1,1311610 — npoBoanna

BpemB B caay, yB.neKa.nacb Kynarthem H nporynKamn, 7 110 6./1H3OCTb ne -

Tep6ypra He 1103130/151/1a HapywaTb npnaBopHbin 3THKCT. 3FH J110,E1H ne no-

Ka3b1Ba/114C13 Ha ynnue 6e3 neptraToK, a Rami 6e3 numn. Henpn.nnyno 6b1110

HaXORHTbC51 Ha 6a.nrcolie B xa.na -re H B pacnaurnom KanoTe, aa)Ke Ha nage

HOCHIWI ropoacKme aomanwne KOCTIOMbI. H TallbK0 rp1S1 aam TIOrlyCKallOCb

oaeBa -rn 6e.nbin nernmap, Koraa oirkt tranparmsunicn 113 caaa B KynannIno,

HaxoaktawyrocB o6w4no npoini3 aarrn, 4ope3 aopory (./1e2KHH 1912b: 267).

/1/151 OCTanbubtX ropmKaH cynreclBoBann KaK 6b1 f1Ba ropoaa: 311MH1111

H .TleTHH1-4, Ka*J11,12 113 KOTOpb1X OTAHHaJICA CBOHMH npaaamrt N 06614aSIMH.

(6y.nrapnH 1837). B"frairHom Relep6ypre" 661 -roBoe noBeaerine 110380/151110

OTKAOHATI3CA OT npnBugHoro nepapxwrecicoro nopBaKa, OT TpaamumoH-

H0F0 4HHOHOLINTaHH51. ORHaK0 3TOT nepexo1 or ropoacKoro 6m -roBoro

noBeaerinsi K Ra. 14110My ire Bceraa nponcxoakin 6e360/1e3lie11F10. flpktmep

TOMy paCCKa3 J1C2Klilla BHHTep (1912a), repon KoToporo CTarCKH11 CO -

Beft1HK C BIlaRVIMIlpCKHM opaeHom. OH *a.nyeTcsr, Luro y>Ke aBe He/1C.T1H,

KaK Oti >f<I4BeT Ha Ralle, HO erge He HaIIICII C KeM CblrpaTb B BHHT. Ero *afa,

)111111CHHa53 COCJIOBHbIX npeapaccyaKoB, npearlaraer emy pa3HbIX napTHe-

poB: noBapa, napnKmaxepa, ypsrairriKa, yLIPITC.TIA rIlMliaCTHKII, HO OH OT -

Ka3b1BaerC51, TaK KaK emy 3T0 lre no.naraeTcm FIO urnry. OH cHnTae -r ansi

ce6B aonyernmbrm napTnepom CF15111161111HKa HJ111 yLIHTCJISI, HO TarlbK0 .11a -

THHCK0r0 H.1114 rpeHecKoro 513b1KOB H MaleMalk1Kk1. B KOHLje KOHLIOB OH

caae -rcB, y6eanB ce6B, 4TO Ha aaHe npnem.nembr apyrne HOpMbI noBe-

7 "YroA me*Ay Kamennum m AnTeKapcKHM ocTponamn_. 3mccb ryinma

ny61Inka BbICIBCTO neTep6yprcKoro o6ulecTna no ampoKon, yCblflaHHOVI

KpacnoBaTiAm neckom nopmiuce, 06CTaBACIIFIOPI 3ene11bimm i1epeBAHHUM41

cKaMenKaMH. B 3TO niTemm 118021 B ncTep6yprcKom offiaecTne BX0/114/10 B moAy

nemexoAcTno — caM rocynaph noAanaA Tomy npmmep"(11mAmca 1994: 24).

368

naTpHLZH51 IICOTTO

[IC111451. 8 OpilaKo oli TaK po Komia He npeoponemaer CBO14 "mepapxmliecKne"

nonsn MS1. CHH3ORRA /10 o6111eimm C 1110/1bMVI FIC cBoero Kpyra, OH penaeT

1311[1, HTO HMCCT peno C paBlibIMM no nanowennio napTnepamm H KaK 6b1

nopunimaeT HX po cBoero ypomilm, npocm BO Bpemm mrpm Ha3bIBaTb nomapa

"3KOHOMOM",

no epe Toro, KaK .TICTHASI *H3H6 3a ropopom CTaJla npmBbignof,"1 f(J151

neTep6ypwnem, paumbnì 6bIT CTaHOBH1C54 OJ1HOII 143 FilaBliblX TeM RJ151

mnornx AmTepaTopoB H wypnarincToB, KoTophie no pa3nomy OTHOCHJ1HCb K

3TOMy noBomy ymnemenmio ropowan. Opiin mpownmpomalim nap 6C41-1b1MH

TINHOBHI4KaM14, pByawimmcsi lia pagy, ppyrne cocrpapanm mm. FlopBepranneb

ocTpaKH3My npcccbl e*C2HCBUILI2 nepee3p ropowan B 1- 0pOrI H o6paTHo:

PaliIIHM yTpOM, macom B BOCCM6, HCBSITH, 3TH 3.TIOC4aCTFIble K04CBHHKI4

orpomnbimm TO.71flaM14 611TKOM mancini-15116T TCCHble, Myunibie Bal-OHbl

110C3110B, KOHHO*CJ1C3HbIC KapeTbi N mapoxombi 14 HallpaBASHOTC51

3aTX.T1 NH, 11b1/1bHb1H HCKpaC1413bli1 IICTOM IleTpono.mb (Mmxnemmm 1887: 28)

Nx metiTa o >KH31 114 na npmpope:

EIO11 CJIOBOM "iiepembm" mamo nompa3ymeman, mme-Tpm cyxMx 1-0J1b1X

p031- 11, BOTKIlyThle B 3CM.T110... 3C.TICI 1 1. MO*1 10 BHACTH TO.T1bK0 B CaJlaTHH -

KC, Korfia OHa monacTcsi K o6cmy, a LiBeTbl, TaK *C KaK H B fleTep6yp-

re, ITBCTyT TO.T1 1,K0 Ha itamcKmx IIIIIAHax (Kyllicmckma 1875: 141).

O L-111CrOM BO3TlyXC: patminKoB nepe/wo npecnepoBanm 3anaxx Fiamma

H Kyxnn, mcnaperimm 6onoT. 'buio noKpmmana cajui flam, pacnonowennux

6/1 143 yJIHLF. KymemcKnft CTaBHF nop comnenme natialteio paqmOk *113HH,

ocywpam Bpave2, peKomenpyloulmx BCCM ye3waTb Ila pamy, LiTo6b1 pbumaTb

TIVICTbIM Bo3pyxom, 3a6b1Ba5I O TOM, HTO 6011b111 H FICTBO nerep6ypwilem

Inopm C MaIlbIM ROCTaTKOM, 14 Bb111y*fiCIIbl nposopmTb nero B capamx, B

XIICBaX, rpe yCJI0BH51 >1(1431111 nopoio xywe MCM B ropopcKnx KBapmpax H

Bomyx OCTaBlISIeT *eJlaTb nyinuero. OH oimegaeT, LITO fIll5I psipa TIHHO -

BHHKOB palla 6bina H penom npecrpoKnocrm, noBbunana kix counanbumil

cTaTyC. 3114 mopm 6b11111 VOTOBbI ranopaTb 3HMOH, TITOObl J1CTOM 110*HTb

3a ropopom, pemoncTpmpym, 4 ro 01111 "ne npocTbie KaKme-rim6ypb 1110, I, a

>KmByT Ha prive".

8 K npmmepy o6 ypsimmliKe 11141 10BI 1MK pa3Mbi11i.TIACT TaK: "OH ymTep-ociammep, a

CTaTCKHH COBCTHHK, IATO nepemo omm Ila BOCHHble 111411b1 BbIXORHT 110J1KOBHIIK.

YnTep-ocimmep 14 H011KOBI 141K — pa3HHIla rpomaiimam, HO ripmtimmam B coo6pa-

*ClIPIC namilyto *11311b 14 ripmypommmam EHHT K CCMCHHOMy 6b1Ty... " (49).

TICTCp6yprCK111:1 61.!T XIX SeKa KaK CpaR7- maccoBog kyfibTyphi 369

110 CyllieCTBOBall H npyro2 B3FJ1AR Ha fla4Hy10 >KH3Hb. ElanpuMep, ,Elpy-

>I<HHHH naeT Hnku -inkieckoe onHcaume nati B 3ape4Hom IlerepOypre:

OrpomHbin paa MHHHaTIOpliblX 40MHKOB, C MHKpOCK0F1HHCCKHMH CaiIHKaMH,

FJ151/1C91H MHJ1 O H FlpHBCTJIHBO. Ca,LIUKH 61,1J111 "raK MaIlbl, 4T0 13 HHX CilBa

MOFJIH CHJICTb 4 LICAORCKa; TCM He MCHCC 13 KaNCEIOM 1104 TH I H H3 FIHX CTOSIJ1

3CJ1CHbffi CTOJI H X0351C13a nagli C rocTsimm, cHnsi FlOn TeliblO pa3BCCH -

CTOR aKaLl 1411, HrpanH B KapTbi (1850: 60).

OH BbICTynaeT H B 3ampry MellKHX 4HHOBLIHKOB, OTCTaHBa51 1,1X npaEo

110/1630BaTbCA jjageN, na>Ke ecJlM 3TO H "KapTotmaA .nauyra", H60 presi no-

enenumx 3T0 He ,C(aHb MORO, a FIOTpeOHOCTb yxona OT HeBbIHOCHNIbIX

yenougt >KH3F111 B ropone. Flpe6bH3aHHe Ha palle 6J1aF0ElpHATHO CKa31,1Ba -

J10Cb Ha 3nopoEbe ("cmepr1IocT6 me>(ny 1,1X ileTbMVI yMellb111HflaCb") H

BHOCKTIO "Ue.11)710 nepeMeHy B o6pa3e )KH3H14, cnacano OT y6H2ciEeHHoro

on11oo6pa3HA 3a1151THA..." (py>f(itiviti 1861: 767), H 6b1J10 f(J151 MHOTHX B03 -

MO>KHOeTb10 Ilaarla*LialbC51 npocrumm W1OBOJfigeTBHAMH >f<1431-114:

KJ104CK nomammero 3anyineinioro cammKa, oropmKemmoro 3a6opom OT

IOCTOp0H1 1HX FJ1a3, IleflpliT513aTCJ1blibla HOTTypF10 B Kpyry mo6pmx apy-

3ell H -rmxasi 6CCCaa 3a KOp3H1 102 ociymmeToil KJIy6HHK1,1 CROMOCC.a0B

1858: 61).

B 3aKJ1104e1 -1He CJ1Cayel CKa3a1b, LITO HeeMOTp51 Ha TO, LITO CyllieCTBO -

BafTH /Be cpenbi 0614TaHH51 (ropon - 3Hmo2, palla - .fleTOM), KaK y>Ke roEo-

pHAOCb Ebnlle, Bee - TaKH f(a411a51 >KH3111, He 03Hallajla RJ15 ropo>KaH pe3KHH

nepexon B npyryK) cpopmy CyllleCIBOBaHH51. 13b1Hy*ileHlible i1J151 MHOrYIX

e*Cf11-1e131-1ble noe3nKH Ha cny>K6y 13 flerepOypr, F10110E10110 pernameumpo-

BaJTH 3aroponmAk nocyr. KpoMe coro, ilatfila51>K11311b He Beerna MOBJleF -

B0p5Illa nerep6yp*H0E, KOTOpEAM Tpyrwo 6b1J10 OTKa3aTbe5I OT roponcioix

yno6cTE H flpHBLILleK. ropo>KaHe ne c -rpempumcb nepecanumcm HaEcerna

3a ropon, XOT51 Hmeim Tempi, TakyK) BO3M0>K110C113. kix Enorme yerpan-

Rano EpemeHHoe nono*enHe naLuniKoE, npc6bn3aHHe B norpaHHHHom coc-

FOSIHHH me>Kny roponom H nopemicH. OnHaKO nal-n-asi >K113Hb FlpHBHOCHila

onpenenemnA KoppeKTHE B rpankinHoHHoe 6brroBoe noBeneHme: panne-

HeHHA M aocyr 3a1-114Ma511,1 i-fiamme MeeTO B 3aropojlHoO *H311H, H 3T0 CF10 -

CO6eTBOBaJI0 yeTaHOBJ1e111410 ,E1pyrktx, 60nce OTKpblTblX, LleM E ropone,

oTHouicHH2 mewny n 10pbMH.

370

17a Tpl1L11151 ,12COTTO

11111. EPATYPA

lì. CID. (Bynrapnin

1 837 pavN. — CeBepnasì nmena (1837), 9 arnsycTa.

AomocemoB N. I KpeB1es 11. DI

I 858 IleTep6ypr 3apeinibiR. PyccKrai unniocTpmponannbirt anbmanax

(1858): 139-162.

12lpy*riri A. B.1

I 850 CCIITHMeHTallbH0e llyTellleCTBNC 11Bana gepHOKFIEDKHNKOBa no ne-

Tep6yprcKmm nal-1am. — CoBpemeninix (1850) M 7. Orn. VI: 54-74.

186 1 HOBble 3aMCTKI1 neTep6yprcKoro Typmc -ra. FIELITO B 3aa1mTy neTep-

6yprcKmx nav. — Bel( (1861) N' 24: 761-768.

3acocon n. A.- FI613rin B. 11.

1991 H3 *4131111 Ilerep6ypra 1890-1910-x ronom. nennurpan 1991.

KoncLurbgi A.

1 996 Fleicp6yprcKme 061.1.1C/TOCTy1111b1C yBeCCIIIITeJlbHble Ca.)1b1 B XIX BCKe.

— Europa Orientalis XV (1996) 1: 37-50.

Kyalencluiri H. A.

1875 paccKa3bl. CF16 1875.

1 881 Hen3nal1Hble paccKa3m. C116 1881.

flePnorn H. A.

1 897 Aarnibie cTpananbribi. CF16 1897.

I 9 I 2a Ha nagnom npo3316anirm. CF16 1912.

1912b lIcyribmatoinme Poccmsule. C116 1912.

floTman 10. M.

1994 Becenbi o pyccmoti Kynurype. CanKT-FleTep6ypr 1994.

MHX11CBliq 6. 0.

1887 Fnem tta navy! — IleTCp6yprCKOC JICTO. chellbeTOHFIble na6pocKm. CFI6

1887, c. 22-32.

FleKpacoa H. A.

1966 Flercp6yprcKme nani 11 OKKCTHOCTH. — Co6panue covi-mem-in B 8-M

ToMax. MocKBa 1966, T. 5, c. 355-386.

OT K 011K H 110 TpaM13,25I.

199 4 OT KOngli no TpamBam. H3 mc -ropmm neTep6yprcKoro TpancnopTa.

CanKT-FleTep6ypr-MocKBa 1994.

1 -161115-1EB M. N.

1994 3a6brroc npownoe okpecTnocTek Her -ep6ypra mocrrpo-

m3menenene 1889 rosa. C.-FleTepóypr 1994.

IlerepUyprcroM Aa4H61N 6bIT XIX BeKa KaK OaKT macconoR KynbTypm 371

CHmanckmil B. K. 1892 Kyna exaTb Ha nagy7. CF16 1892.

CT0/111AFICK1111 11. H. 1916 C -raphiti IleTep6ypr. Ilerporpan 1916.

Xo350fica Aoma

1895 Xo35111ka noma. C[15 1895.

Gautier Th. 1 978 Oeuvres complètes. Voyage en Russie. Voyage en Espagne. Voyage en

Italie. Genève 1978.