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M91 第五組 The Cardiovascular System
組長 9101104 盛少廷 組員 9101005 黃馨慧 組員 9101019 馬兆緯 組員 9101024 陳志安 組員 9101027 方科智 組員 9101028 黃崇勝 組員 9101029 陳叡逸 組員 9101033 王植諄 組長 9101042 蔡昊澐 組長 9101048 林廷翰 組員 9101051 陳奕彰 組員 9101076 謝明宏 組員 9101084 馮富鈺 組員 9101090 張凱淳 組員 9101091 許耘誌 組員 9101097 潘相甫 組員 9101125 顏凡偉 組長 9101144 黎美雪 組員 9101156 葉婉婷 組員 9101157 蔡為迪 組員 9101158 葉秋瑜
胚胎心血管發育想念我嗎
太初之時• splanchnic mesoderm primodial myocardium • 四原始腔室
Aortic arch衍生物
原始心臟血液循環
胎兒的血液循環
Further development of heart
Tubular heart elongates and develops dilations and constrictions :
AtriumSinus venosusVentricleBulbus cordisTruncus arteriosus
Partitioning of Primordial Heart
Partitioning of Atrioventricular Canal Cardiac jelly → endocardial cushion (by the e
nd of 4th week) Atrioventricular canal → left and right atriove
ntricular canal Endocardial cell → AV valves (mitral valve & tric
uspid valve)
Partitioning of Primordial Atrium
Foramen primum - becomes smaller & disappears
Foramen secundum – becomes larger (fusion of perforations in the central part of septum primum)
Septum secundum overlaps foramen secundum → oval foramen formed
Septum primum - cranial part disappears - caudal part → valve of oval foramen → oval
fossa (after birth)
Changes in Sinus Venosus
Initially right and left sinus are the s
ame size. 4th week - Right horn enlarge (1)anastomosis (2) righ
t vitelline vein change into IVC
sinus vanarum (smooth part of RA)
- Left horn – size decreases coronary sinus - Caudal part of sinuatrial va
lve valve of IVC and coro
nary sinus
Partitioning of Primordial Ventricle
Muscular part of the IV septum
enlarging ventricle myoblast
- ( 6th) IV foramen still exists
- ( 7th) IV foramen closed — right & left bulbar ridges+ end
ocardial cushion
Membranous part of the IV septum
right side of the endocardial cushion
Complete partitioning - aorticopulmonary septum + membranous part of IV septum +
muscular part of IV septum
Partitioning of Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus
Fusion of bulbar ridges and truncal ridges
aorticopulmonary septum
180 degree spiraling of aorticopulmonary septum
divides aorta & pulmonary trunk
Formation of semilunar valves - by 3 swellings of subendocardial tissue
- aortic valve post., right & left cusps - pulmonary valve ant., right & left cusps
CongenitalCongenital cardiovascular cardiovascular defectsdefects
What is congenital cardiovascular defects?What is congenital cardiovascular defects?What causes congenital heart defects?What causes congenital heart defects?What are the symptoms of congenital What are the symptoms of congenital
defects?defects?How are congenital defects diagnosed?How are congenital defects diagnosed?How are congenital heart defects treated?How are congenital heart defects treated?
Types of congenital Types of congenital defectsdefects
Obstruction defectsObstruction defectsSeptal DefectSeptal Defect
Cyanotic defectsCyanotic defects
Obstruction defectsObstruction defects
Obstructions are called stenoses Obstructions are called stenoses and can occur in heart valves, arand can occur in heart valves, ar
teries or veins teries or veins
common forms
Pulmonary stenosis Aortic stenosis Coarctation of the aorta
Related but less common forms
Bicuspid aortic valve Subaortic stenosis Ebstein's anomaly
Septal DefectSeptal Defect
• atrial septal defect (ASD)atrial septal defect (ASD)• ventricular septal defect (VSD)ventricular septal defect (VSD)• Eisenmenger’s complexEisenmenger’s complex• A-V canal defect (endocardial cushion deA-V canal defect (endocardial cushion de
fect)fect)
• Cyanotic defectsCyanotic defects Another classification of heart defec Another classification of heart defects is congenital cyanotic heart defects. In these defects,ts is congenital cyanotic heart defects. In these defects, blood pumped to the body contains less-than-normal blood pumped to the body contains less-than-normal amounts of oxygen. This results in a condition called camounts of oxygen. This results in a condition called cyanosis , a blue discoloration of the skin. The term "blyanosis , a blue discoloration of the skin. The term "blue babies" is often applied to infants with cyanosis.ue babies" is often applied to infants with cyanosis.
• Examples of cyanotic defects are:Examples of cyanotic defects are:• Patent ductus arteriosus Patent ductus arteriosus • Tetralogy of Fallot, Tetralogy of Fallot, • Transposition of the great arteries, Transposition of the great arteries, • Tricuspid atresia, Tricuspid atresia, • Pulmonary atresia, Pulmonary atresia, • Truncus arteriosus Truncus arteriosus • Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
TranspositioTransposition of The n of The Great Great ArteriesArteries
Total Anomalous Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Pulmonary Venous ConnectionConnection