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M998 High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)

The US M998 "Humvee" is a 4 X 4- wheeled tactical vehicle being procured in large numbers to replace several olderlight trucks and cargo carriers in the US Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps. Like the earlier jeep, the Humvee is reliable,sturdy, capable of operating in all types of terrain, and readily adaptable to a variety of missions. Significant improvementsover the Jeep include a better power-to weight ratio, twice the payload, automatic transmission and power steering, and

better ground clearance. The Humvee is also far less likely to roll over in a sharp turn than was the jeep. The basicvehicle is a boxy truck using many commercial drivetrain components. Depending on its role, the HMMWV has atwo- or 4-door cab with either a soft canvas top or a hard roof. In its basic configuration, the HMMWV is unarmoredand unprotected against NBC warfare. The Humvee is large enough to carry several types of weapons systems,and its speed and cross-country mobility have led to its use as a reconnaissance vehicle. The common chassis servesas a weapons carrier as well as utility vehicle, ambulance, squad carrier, shelter carrier, TOW antitank guided-missile carrier, and Pedestal-Mounted Stinger (PMS) surface-to-air missile system carrier. A C-130 Hercules cargoaircraft can carry three HMMWVs, a C-141B Starlifter holds six, and a C-5 Galaxy can transport 15.

VARIANTS M966/M1036/M1045/Ml046 TOW missile carrier, M996/M997/M1035 ambulance, M998/M1038cargo troop carrier, M1025/M1026/M1043/M1044 armament carrier, M1028 AN/TRQ-32 Teammate Comintsystem, M1037/M1042 shelter carrier, M1069 light artillery prime mover, M1097 "Heavy Hummer" with upratedchassis.

DEVELOPMENT competition, the After an early 1980s first AM General Humvee was delivered in 1985. More than 90,000 had beendelivered by 1993, with production continuing. Later variants include the M1097 "Heavy Hummer" with an upratedHumvee chassis permitting a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) raised to 10,001 Lb (4,356 kg) and payload increase forshelter carriers to 4,400 Lb (1,996 kg). AM General also tested the Cab-Over Cargo Truck (COCT) with Heavy Hummerchassis adapted to lightweight, high-payload capacity truck having a GVW of 12,000 Lb (5,443 kg) and 5,000 Lb (2,268-kg) payload.Several other national armies and police forces operate Humvees, including Djlbouti, Israel, Kuwait, Luxembourg, thePhilippines, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Civilian versions have been sold to the Chinese Ministry ofPetroleum and the US Border Patrol, and a $40,000 commercial version became available in 1992.

COMBAT EXPERIENCE

More than 20,000 Humvees were deployed to Saudi Arabia in 1990 under Operation Desert Shield, where they lived up to

their billing as the new jeep. The problems that cropped up were relatively minor, although annoying; these includedsteering gear box seals leakage, broken generator mounting bolts, and failure of a plastic speedometer gear in thetransmission. Flat tires were a problem because the HMMWV doesn't have a spare wheel and tire as standard equipment.After Operation Desert Storm began, "up-armored" Humvee scout cars were used by the US Army and Marine Corps to

probe Iraqi positions. Many were armed with TOW antitank missiles and 12.7-mm machine guns; their passengersalso had laser designators to support coalition air attacks. Marine Combined Antitank (CAT) teams consisted of sixHumvees with TOW launchers. When the ground war began, 50 Humvees of the 101st Airborne Division were airlifted byhelicopter to establish a forward base in Iraq. Humvees of all descriptions accompanied the northern rush into Iraq andKuwait, often taking the surrender of Iraqi units on their own.

SPECIFICATIONS CREW 1 (driver) + 3-7 troops or casualtiesWEIGHT (lightest and heaviest of M998 series)curbbasic cargo/troop carrier: 5,200 Lb (2,359 kg) shelter carrier: 5,424 Lb (2,460 kg)

payloadbasic cargo/troop carrier: 2,500 Lb (1,134 kg) shelter carrier: 3,176 lb (1,441 kg)gross vehiclebasic cargo/troop carrier: 7,700 Lb (3,493 kg) shelter carrier: 8,600 Lb (3,901 kg)

DIMENSIONS

hull length 15 ft (4.57 m) except ambulance 16 ft 9 in (5.11m), shelter 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m)width 7 ft 1 in (2.16m)height (depending on role) 5 ft 9 in (1.75m) to 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m)

ground clearance 16 in (406 mm)wheelbase 10 ft 10 in (3.3 m)

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PROTECTIONArmament, TOW, and PMS carriers have supplemental armor

POWERPLANTDetroit Diesel 150-hp aircooled V-8 diesel, automatic transmission with 3 forward/1 reverse gearsSUSPENSION independent double A-arm with coil spring on all wheels, front stabilizer barSPEED 65 mph (105 km/h), range 300 mi (483 km)

OBSTACLE CLEARANCE vertical 2 ft 6 in (0.76 m), gradient 60%, side slope 40%, fording 2 ft 6 in (0.76 m) withoutpreparation, 5 ft (1.52 m) with preparation

HMMWVCOVERHMMWV, CGO/TRP CARRIER: M1038A1 w/2 PAX TOP

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HMMWV, CGO/TRP CARRIER: M1038A1 w/2 PAX TOP & CARGO COVER

TRAILER,CARGO HIGH MOBILITY, .75T M1101 & 1.25T M1102

Name: M998 High Mobility Multi Wheeled vehicle

Crew: 1 (driver) + 3-7 troops or casualtiesLength 15 ft (4.57 m)Width 7 ft 1 in (2.16m)

Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75m)Ground Clearance 16 in (406 mm)

Turning radius M998 292 in (7.42m), M1025 290 in (7.37M)

Max road speed 55 mph (89 km/in)Fording depth 30 inches (76 centimeters) without a deepwater fording kit and 60 inches (152 centimeters)

with the kit.Gradient 60% (31) and traverse a side slope of up to 40% (22). Vertical obstacleTrench

Armor classArmament M998 no weapon station installed crew small arms onlyAmmunition. No crew served weapons mounted