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Personal Protective Equipment -Whats it all about?
Gurdeep Singh
PGDSHE
PPT Courtesy :: University Safety Council
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Personal Protective Equipment
Definition: Devices used to protect an
employees from injury or illness resulting
from contact with chemical , radiological,physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
workplace hazards (OSHA)
The need for PPE and the type of PPE usedis based on hazard present; each situation
must be evaluated independently
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Some Caveats
PPE is used as a last resort
The use of PPE signifies that the hazard
could not be controlled by other methods,
such as:
administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation)
engineering or industrial hygiene controls
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Engineering & IH Controls
Design (remove hazard from process)
Substitution (of less hazardous materials)
Process modification (how and where)
Isolate the process or the worker
Wet methods for dust reduction Local exhaust ventilation (at source)
Dilution ventilation (area)
Good housekeeping
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Back to the caveats...
The use of PPE signals that the hazard still
exists in the workplace
Unprotected individuals in the same area
will be exposed
Failure of PPE means that the worker will
be exposed
PPE can be combined with other controls
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So, what is it???
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PPE
Head protection
Eye and Face protection
Hearing protection
Respiratory protection
Arm and Hand protection Foot and Leg protection
Protective clothing
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Head Protection
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Hard Hats work by dissipating
force
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Eye Protection
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Eye Protection
Common Uses:
Impact Protection
Chemical Hazards
Radiation Protection
welders goggles
laser goggles UV
Infrared
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Eye Protection - Selection
Visitor specs are only appropriate for non-
employees with no true exposure to hazards
Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes
from flying objects (no face protection)
Chemical splash goggles protect against
fluids by sealing tightly against the face
Face shields provide highest level of
protection
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Face Shield - the highest level of
face protection
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Hearing Protection
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Hearing Protection Basics
Noise induced hearing loss can occur with
exposures >90 dBA
A hearing conservation program becomes arequirement at exposures >85dBA
Higher levels of noise exposure have
shorter allowable exposure times
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Noise levels versus Duration
Sound Level (dBA)
90
92
95
100
105110
115
Exposure (hours)
8
6
4
2
10.5
0.25
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Hearing Protection
Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a
conversation in a normal tone of voice with
someone at arms length, you are likely near90dBA
All hearing protection devices should have
a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # ofdecibels they will reduce noise levels
Be conservative when using NRRs
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A couple examples
Example 1
Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA
exposure = 105 dBA
105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay
Example 2
same plugs
exposure = 125 dBA
125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable; must be
below 90 dB
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Hearing Protection - Types
Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good
ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes
difficult to tell if employees are wearingthem
Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable,
typically higher NRRs than plugs, moreobvious
Can be used together in very high noise
areas
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Arm and Hand Protection
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Gloves - Typical Uses
Chemical protection
Biohazard protection
Abrasion protection
Friction protection
Protection from extremes of heat and cold
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Gloves - more caveats
No glove is good against all hazards;
consult laboratory safety link on EHS web
page for glove selection chart Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be
periodically replaced
When donning gloves, examine them forsigns of tears, cracks, holes and dry rot
Hands should always be washed after
removing gloves
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Foot and Leg Protection
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Protective Footwear
Steel-toed footwear, preferably with
metatarsal guards, is used to protect feet
from crushing injuries caused by heavyobjects
Rubber boots are often used to protect feet
from exposure to liquids Chaps or leggings are used in certain
applications (i.e., using a chainsaw)
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Other Protective Clothing
Used to protect street clothes from hazards
in the workplace
Often hazard specific
To be considered effective, protective
clothing must prevent the contaminant from
reaching the clothing or skin of the wearer!
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Respiratory Protection
Protects users by removing harmful
materials that may enter the body via the
lungs Inhalation is one of the quickest, most
efficient ways to introduce lethal levels of
hazardous materials into the body
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Respirators
Does not include:
surgical masks
dust masks
N-95 respirators are a special class of
respiratory protection primarily used in the
health care field
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Respirators - A Big Caveat!!!
Employees should not wear a respirator
unless they have been medically cleared to
do so! This clearance may take the form of a
questionnaire, physical examination,
pulmonary function testing, chest X-Ray, ora combination of the above
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Facial hair
The respirator cannot form a tight seal
against the cheeks and chin, resulting in air
leaks which can allow airbornecontaminants to be inhaled
Specially designed PAPR hoods can be
used for employees with facial hair small amounts of facial hair that fit inside of
the respirator facepiece are acceptable
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PPE Usage
PPE that is required to safely conduct
University work should be purchased by the
work unit Supervisors are responsible for ensuring
that PPE is available and worn
Employees are responsible for wearing &maintaining PPE, and reporting worn or
defective PPE to their supervisor
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Recap
PPE is only considered effective if it
prevents the contaminant from reaching the
wearer Respirators should not be worn by
employees unless they have been medically
cleared to do so
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