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    Personal Protective Equipment -Whats it all about?

    Gurdeep Singh

    PGDSHE

    PPT Courtesy :: University Safety Council

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    Personal Protective Equipment

    Definition: Devices used to protect an

    employees from injury or illness resulting

    from contact with chemical , radiological,physical, electrical, mechanical, or other

    workplace hazards (OSHA)

    The need for PPE and the type of PPE usedis based on hazard present; each situation

    must be evaluated independently

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    Some Caveats

    PPE is used as a last resort

    The use of PPE signifies that the hazard

    could not be controlled by other methods,

    such as:

    administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation)

    engineering or industrial hygiene controls

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    Engineering & IH Controls

    Design (remove hazard from process)

    Substitution (of less hazardous materials)

    Process modification (how and where)

    Isolate the process or the worker

    Wet methods for dust reduction Local exhaust ventilation (at source)

    Dilution ventilation (area)

    Good housekeeping

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    Back to the caveats...

    The use of PPE signals that the hazard still

    exists in the workplace

    Unprotected individuals in the same area

    will be exposed

    Failure of PPE means that the worker will

    be exposed

    PPE can be combined with other controls

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    So, what is it???

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    PPE

    Head protection

    Eye and Face protection

    Hearing protection

    Respiratory protection

    Arm and Hand protection Foot and Leg protection

    Protective clothing

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    Head Protection

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    Hard Hats work by dissipating

    force

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    Eye Protection

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    Eye Protection

    Common Uses:

    Impact Protection

    Chemical Hazards

    Radiation Protection

    welders goggles

    laser goggles UV

    Infrared

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    Eye Protection - Selection

    Visitor specs are only appropriate for non-

    employees with no true exposure to hazards

    Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes

    from flying objects (no face protection)

    Chemical splash goggles protect against

    fluids by sealing tightly against the face

    Face shields provide highest level of

    protection

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    Face Shield - the highest level of

    face protection

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    Hearing Protection

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    Hearing Protection Basics

    Noise induced hearing loss can occur with

    exposures >90 dBA

    A hearing conservation program becomes arequirement at exposures >85dBA

    Higher levels of noise exposure have

    shorter allowable exposure times

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    Noise levels versus Duration

    Sound Level (dBA)

    90

    92

    95

    100

    105110

    115

    Exposure (hours)

    8

    6

    4

    2

    10.5

    0.25

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    Hearing Protection

    Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a

    conversation in a normal tone of voice with

    someone at arms length, you are likely near90dBA

    All hearing protection devices should have

    a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # ofdecibels they will reduce noise levels

    Be conservative when using NRRs

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    A couple examples

    Example 1

    Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA

    exposure = 105 dBA

    105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay

    Example 2

    same plugs

    exposure = 125 dBA

    125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable; must be

    below 90 dB

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    Hearing Protection - Types

    Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good

    ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes

    difficult to tell if employees are wearingthem

    Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable,

    typically higher NRRs than plugs, moreobvious

    Can be used together in very high noise

    areas

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    Arm and Hand Protection

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    Gloves - Typical Uses

    Chemical protection

    Biohazard protection

    Abrasion protection

    Friction protection

    Protection from extremes of heat and cold

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    Gloves - more caveats

    No glove is good against all hazards;

    consult laboratory safety link on EHS web

    page for glove selection chart Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be

    periodically replaced

    When donning gloves, examine them forsigns of tears, cracks, holes and dry rot

    Hands should always be washed after

    removing gloves

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    Foot and Leg Protection

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    Protective Footwear

    Steel-toed footwear, preferably with

    metatarsal guards, is used to protect feet

    from crushing injuries caused by heavyobjects

    Rubber boots are often used to protect feet

    from exposure to liquids Chaps or leggings are used in certain

    applications (i.e., using a chainsaw)

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    Other Protective Clothing

    Used to protect street clothes from hazards

    in the workplace

    Often hazard specific

    To be considered effective, protective

    clothing must prevent the contaminant from

    reaching the clothing or skin of the wearer!

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    Respiratory Protection

    Protects users by removing harmful

    materials that may enter the body via the

    lungs Inhalation is one of the quickest, most

    efficient ways to introduce lethal levels of

    hazardous materials into the body

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    Respirators

    Does not include:

    surgical masks

    dust masks

    N-95 respirators are a special class of

    respiratory protection primarily used in the

    health care field

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    Respirators - A Big Caveat!!!

    Employees should not wear a respirator

    unless they have been medically cleared to

    do so! This clearance may take the form of a

    questionnaire, physical examination,

    pulmonary function testing, chest X-Ray, ora combination of the above

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    Facial hair

    The respirator cannot form a tight seal

    against the cheeks and chin, resulting in air

    leaks which can allow airbornecontaminants to be inhaled

    Specially designed PAPR hoods can be

    used for employees with facial hair small amounts of facial hair that fit inside of

    the respirator facepiece are acceptable

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    PPE Usage

    PPE that is required to safely conduct

    University work should be purchased by the

    work unit Supervisors are responsible for ensuring

    that PPE is available and worn

    Employees are responsible for wearing &maintaining PPE, and reporting worn or

    defective PPE to their supervisor

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    Recap

    PPE is only considered effective if it

    prevents the contaminant from reaching the

    wearer Respirators should not be worn by

    employees unless they have been medically

    cleared to do so

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