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9

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10

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11

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12

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13

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14

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,lk;nfhLf;f khl;Nld;.

15

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16

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fhj;jpUf;Fk; ehLfSlDk; el;G uPjpahd nfhs;ifiaf;

fld;gpbg;Ngd;.

l ,e;jpah ,yq;if cl;gl rhu;f; tya ehLfSldhd

njhlu;Gfis Nkd;NkYk; gyg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s ehd;

ebtbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l ,e;jpah> rPdh> u~;ah kw;Wk; [g;ghd; Nghd;w el;G ehLfSld;

,Uf;Fk; murpay; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g

njhlu;Gfisg; gyg;gLj;JNtd;.

l kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfs; cl;gl Mgpupf;f kw;Wk; ,yj;jPd;

mnkupf;f ehLfSldk; cs;s ntspehl;Lj; njhlu;Gfis

nkd;NkYk; tp];jupg;Ngd;.

l njw;fhrpa ehLfs; ,ilNa cr;r rl;l MSifAld;

mikjpahd ehlhf cyfpd; ghuhl;Lf;fisg; ngw;w vdJ

ehL tya kw;Wk; cyf gpur;rpidfSf;F rkhjhdj; J}Jr;

Nritahsdhf mDg;GNtd;.

czTg; ghJfhg;Gf;F Kjyplk;

xU ehl;by; czTg; ghJfhg;G vd;gJ me;j ehl;bd; Njrpa

ghJfhg;Gf;F rkkhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ. Vnddpy; xU ehl;by;

rupahd Kiwapy; jukhd> Njitahd czT ifapUg;igg;

NgZtjw;Fj; jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw mjw;F

jilia Vw;gLj;jy; vd;gd ehl;bd; murpay; ];jpuj;jd;ikia my;yJ

17

Njrpa ghJfhg;Gf;F mr;RWj;jiy Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Vida ehLfSf:F

toptFj;JtpLk; vd;gjhNyNa ,J Njrpa ghJfhg;Gld; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

tha;e;jJ vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,yq;if kf;fs; kPz;Lk;

kz;bapl;L tPo;tjw;F ,lkspf;f khl;Nld;.

l ehl;bd; Njitf;F Vw;w tifapy; NghJkhd czT

cw;gj;jpia> tpw;gidia> ifapUg;igj; njhlu;r;rpahfg;

NgZtjw;F Njitahd rl;luPjpahd fl;likg;ig

cUthf;Ftjw;fhf czT ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;ij

ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;F rku;g;gpg;Ngd;.

l ehl;bd; muprp cw;gj;jpia cau; juj;jpy; NgZtJld; md;W

Kjy; vkJ Njrpa czT tifahd jhdpa tiffs;> gyh>

fpoq;F> tw;whis Nghd;w ghuk;gupa nra;iffis

Nkk;gLj;JNtd;.

l Gduikf;fpd;w rfy Fsq;fSf;F mUfpYk;

18

2 KOikahd murpay; kWrPuikg;G - Gjpamurpay; fyhrhuk;

1978,y; rupahd Kiwapy; fye;Jiuahlg;glhj vk;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l

murpay;ahg;G fhuzkhf 36 tUlq;fshf ehk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;Nshk;.

mNjNeuk; xUtUf;F xUtu; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj jw;fhy jpUj;jq;fis

jw;Nghija murpay;ahg;G tpfhukile;Js;sJ vd;gij ehd;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwd;. mjdhy; nkd;NkYk; jw;fhypf jpUj;jq;fisr;

Nru;g;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf kf;fspd; mgpyhi~fisg; gpujpgypf;ff; $ba

Gjpa murpay;ahg;ig xUtUl fhyj;jpDs; epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fj;

Njitahd eltbf;iffis vLg;Ngd;.

l kf;fspd; vjpu;g;ghu;g;Gf;fis ,dq;fz;L Gjpa murpay;ahg;ig

cUthf;Ftjw;fhf rfy murpay; fl;rpfisAk; Nru;e;j

kf;fs; gpujpepjpfis cs;slf;fp KO ghuhSkd;wj;ijAk;

murpayikg;igj; jahupg;gjw;fhd rigahf cUthf;fg;gLk;.

l cupa murpay;ahg;Gf;F gpui[fspd; fUj;Jf;fisAk;

NahridfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;

gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ngwhj fl;rpfs; ,isQu; ghuhSkd;w

gpujpepjpfs;> murpay;ahg;G epGzu;fs;> Gj;jp[Ptpfs;>

njhopy;rhu; epGzu;fis cs;slf;fp gpui[fs; MNyhrid

rignahd;iw epakpg;Ngd;.

l me;jf; fUj;Jf;fis cs;slf;fp murpay;ahg;G tiuG

eilKiwapYs;s murpay;ahg;gpd; gy;tif jd;ikf;F Vw;g

epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rku;g;gpg;Ngd;. mjd;

gpd;du; ,e;j tiuGf;F cq;fsJ mq;fPfhuj;ijg;

ngWtjw;fhf ru;t[dthf;nfLg;ig elj;JNtd;.

l jw;Nghija epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp

Kiwik> Nju;jy; Kiwik> rl;lj;jpd; MSif kw;Wk;

19

ey;yhl;rp Nghd;w Jiwfs; midj;ijAk; Gjpa

murpay;ahg;gpy; cs;slf;FNtd;.

l epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Kiwikapd; ed;ik

jPikfs; gw;wp ,lk;ngWfpd;w thjg; gpujpthjq;fs; Fwpj;J

ehd; kpfTk; nghWikahf nrtpkLj;Njd;. mjdhy;

ghuhSkd;w Kiwikapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gytPdq;fisf;

fise;J rpwe;j gz;Gfis cs;slf;fp epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;

nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Kiwikia murpay;ahg;G rigapd;

jPu;khdq;fSf;F mika nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; jpUj;jp

mikg;Ngd;.

l eilKiwapYs;s tpUg;G thf;F Kiwapy; fhzg;gLk;

Nkhrkhd gz;Gfis ePf;fp cWjpahd murhq;fk; tYthd

vjpu;f;fl;rp kw;Wk; rpWghd;ikf; FOf;fs; cs;spl;l

rKjhaj;jpy; gy;tifik ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; gpujpgypg;gij

Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L tpfpjhrhu gpujpepjpjpj;Jtk; kw;Wk;

njhFjpthup Kiwikia cs;slf;fp Gjpa Nju;jy;

Kiwikia eilKiwg;gLj;JNtd;.

l kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; kf;fSld; njhluhf fye;Jiuahly;fspy;

rl;lj;ijj;

jahupf;Fk; nraw;ghl;Lf;F kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;F Neubahfg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ [dehafj;ij nkd;NkYk; rpwg;ghf;Fk;.

mjw;fhf kfhrhq;fj;jpdu; Vida kjj;jtu;fs; njhopy;rhu;

epGzu;fs;> Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> ,isQu; ghuhSkd;w gpujpepjpfs;>

njhopw;rq;f gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; r%fj;ij mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l mikg;Gf;fspd; Njrpa kl;lj; jiytu;fs; NghNwhiu

cs;slf;fpa gpui[fs; rignahd;iw epakpg;gjw;fhd

Nahridia Kd;itf;fpNwd;.

l kf;fs; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fspy; kfsPu;

gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij mjpfupg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd ahg;G uPjpahd

20

xOq;F tpjpfis Gjpa murpay;ahg;gpy; cs;slf;Ftjw;fhd

Nahridia Kd;itf;fpNwd;.

l mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghL gutyhf;fg;gLtijj; njhlu;e;J

ey;yhl;rp Fwpj;J Gjpa mZFKiw Fwpj;J ftdk;

nrYj;jNtz;ba epiy vkf;F Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy;

ey;yhl;rp Vw;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L

cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s epWtdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gytPdq;fis

Ma;Tnra;J me;j epWtdq;fis kWrPuikg;gjw;Fupa fhyk;

cUthfpAs;sJ vd ehd; fUJfpNwd;. mjdhy;

njhopy;El;gk;> Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; epjpf;fzf;fha;T

vd;gtw;Wf;nfd jpwikkpf;f Njrpa fzf;fha;T

Mizf;FOnthd;iw cUthf;FNtd;. mtu;fs; Rje;jpukhd

Kiwapy; tprhuizfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd epjp

kw;Wk; kdpjtsk; khj;jpuky;yhky; mjpfhuj;ijAk; me;j

Mizf;FOTf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

l murpay;thjpfspd; ,Ug;Gf; Fwpj;J r%fj;jpy;

fye;Jiuahlg;gLk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJld; rfy kf;fs;

gpujpepjpfSk; jkJ gjtpfspd; flikfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F

Kd;du; ey;ypg;igg; ghJfhg;gJ Fwpj;j cWjpnkhopia

toq;Ftjw;F cupa Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;. me;j

cWjpnkhop Fwpj;j fhyg; gFjpapy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh

,y;iyah vd;gJ njhlu;ghf fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fupa

mjpfhuj;ij fzf;fha;T Mizf;FOTf;Fg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

l mikr;ruitf; $l;Lg;nghWg;G kw;Wk; ,ufrpaj; jd;ikia

ghJfhj;jy; vd;gij murpay; ahg;G uPjpahd

nghWg;ghf;FNtd;.

l Njrpa ngWkhdq;fSld; $ba Nahridfs; Fwpj;J

fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpg;gjw;F ,sk;guhaj;jpdUf;F cs;s

cupikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mt;thwhd Nahridia

21

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rku;g;gpg;gjw;F Kd;du; ,isQu;

ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F rku;g;gpj;J mtu;fspd; fUj;ij mwpNtd;.

l vjpu;fhy murpay; Fwpj;J vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

,isQu; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;> ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;

MNyhrid FOf;fSf;F gpujpepjpfis epakpg;gjw;F

murpay;ahg;G uPjpahd tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

,yq;if-,e;jpa jj;Jthu;j;j uPjpahd kuGupikAld; $ba

ey;yhl;rp nfhs;ifj;jpl;lk;

ey;yhl;rpnad;gJ Gjpa ypguy; fhyzpj;Jtj;jpd; gQ;rPyj;jpd; Nghyp

mbfs; my;y. mJ cz;ikahd mbg;gil Mjhukhf kuQ;nrb

nfhbfisAk; capupdq;fisAk; khj;jpuky;yhky; #upad; re;jpud; fhw;W

kio nta;apy; ePu; G+kp Mfpa midj;JlDk; gpd;dpg; gpize;j

,yq;if ,e;jpa jj;Jthu;j;j uPjpahd kuGupikiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ

vd ehd; ek;GfpNwd;. mjdhy; ey;yhl;rpapd; %yf;$w;iw ehd; Gjpa

ypguy; thjj;jpd; MNyhridfis toq;Fk; mikg;GfsplkpUe;Njh

my;yJ Jiz epWtdq;fsplkpUe;Njh ngw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. tokhd

ehl;bd; RgPl;rkhd r%fj;jpd; ,aw;ifAk; ew;gz;GfSk; ,ize;j

r%fj;jpd; xUtUf;fpilNaahd gpizg;GfisAk; tuyhw;W

kuGupikAld; $ba ,e;jpa ,yq;if newpkpf;f Ml;rpapypUe;Nj

ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;. Rkhu; 5000 tUlq;fs; goikahd me;j

kuGupikahdJ mopahj rf;jpahf ,d;W khup vk;ik

xOq;FgLj;jpAs;sjhf ehd; czu;fpNwd;. jdpegiu ikag;gLj;jpa

rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; njhluhd ju;kj;jpd; MSiftiu

cau;j;jpg;gpbf;ff; $ba ey;yhl;rpapd; mbg;gilapd; nrhe;jf;fhuu;fshf

,yq;ifauhf ehk; khWNthk;. ehDk; ePq;fSk; me;j cupikapd;

ngUikf;Fupa nrhe;jf;fhuu;fshFk;. me;j kuGupikapd; mbg;gilapy;

vkJ jha;ehl;Lf;F jPq;F Vw;glhj tifapy; cz;ikahd ey;yhl;rp

Kiwia Vw;gLj;JNtd; vd;gij cq;fSf;F cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwd;.

22

$l;L [dehafKk; r%f Ml;rp KiwAk;

,e;j ehl;by; ehDk; ePq;fSk; jdpikg;gl;ltu;fs; my;y.

Mapuf;fzf;fhd tUl tuyhw;wpy; vkJ %jhijapdu; xd;wpize;j

$l;LwT fhg;G> ghJfhg;G> Ngh~hf;F> nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk; Mz;kPfk;

vd;gtw;Wld; xUtUf;F xUtu; gpd;dpg;gpize;J vopy; kpF tsk;

epiwe;j fyhrhuk; vk;kplk; ,Ue;jjhy; rpwg;ghf tho;e;jdu;. mjdhy;

FLk;g> r%fk;> fpuhkk;> gpuNjrk; efuk; cs;spl;l ,itaidj;Jk;

rq;fpypf;NfhitNghd;W ,d;W gpd;dpg;gpize;J tho;fpd;wdu;. Fpuhkj;jpy;

efuk;> efuj;jpy; fpuhkk; vd ehk; fz;lfdTk; $l ,d;W ehk;

mDgtpf;Fk; ajhu;j;jkhf khwpAs;sJ. xUtUf;nfhUtu; Rakhf

,ize;j rpwpa kpfr;rpwpa r%f mikg;Gfs; fk;gdpfs; vd;gd vkJ

ehl;bd; r%f tho;tpy; r%f murpay; uPjpahd Row;rpAw;Ws;sJ. cyfpy;

ve;jnthU ehl;bYk; ,y;yhjijtpl xd;wpize;j xOf;f mikg;G kpf;f

kf;fs; ,q;F tho;tjhfTk; mjw;Fj; Njitahd #o;epiyia

Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLj;jtd; vd;w tifapYk; Neu;ikahff; $WfpNwd;>

ehl;bd; rka epWtdq;fSk;> rptpy; r%f mikg;GfSk; cs;spl;l

xd;wpize;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf fpuhkj;ijAk; efuj;ijAk; $l;L

[dehafj;ij tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ehd; eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;. rka

mikg;Gfs; r%f kw;Wk; fpuhkpa kl;l r%fj;ij mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l mikg;Gfs;> r%f epWtdq;fs;> rptpy; r%f epWtdq;fs; mur

mikg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; jiytu;fs;> cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk;

nraw;ghl;lhsu;fis xd;wpizj;J fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kl;lj;jpy;

fpuhkrig Kiwia cUthf;Ftjw;F ahg;G uPjpahfTk;> epu;thf

uPjpahfTk; Njitahd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;. mjw;fhf

Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mjw;Fupa Muha;r;rpfSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;

jw;NghJ epiwtile;Js;sd. me;j mwpitAk; Gupe;Jzu;itAk;

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L $l;Lupikia cWjpg;gLj;jp fpuhkrig

kl;lj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp Fwpj;j r%f fyhrhu uPjpapy; jPu;khdq;fis

vLg;gjw;Fk; mjid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kf;fSf;F tha;g;ig

Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

23

ghuhSkd;wk; khfhzrig kw;Wk; gpuNjrkl;l epu;thfj;ij

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gpujpepjpj;Jt [dehaf nraw;ghl;il

cWjpg;gLj;jp r%f kw;Wk; fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; KbTfis vLg;gjw;fhf

Neub [dehaf kw;Wk; gq;Fgw;Wjy; [dehaf Kiwikia

gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Cf;Ftpg;Ngd;. mjd; Clhd vdJ ehl;bd; rNfhju

kf;fis [dehaf ey;yhl;rp nraw;ghl;bd; ikag; gq;fhsu;fshf;fp

,e;j ehl;bd; murpay; fyhrhuj;ij ntw;wpfukhd epiyf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd kl;lj;Jf;Fk; cau;j;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd Vw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;. r%fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l $l;L

tiyaikg;ig xd;wpizj;J $l;Lj; Njrpa Nguitnahd;iw

cUthf;fp mjid ehl;bd; nfhs;ifiaj; jahupg;gjw;fhd

mDruizf; fl;likg;ghf Nkk;gLj;JNtd;. mNjNghd;W

Ngr;R Rje;jpuKk; Clfr; Rje;jpuKk;

Ngr;R Rje;jpuj;ij mbg;gilahf Rje;jpukhf tpNrlkhf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk; [dehaf r%fj;jpy; thOk; ehk; Clf epWtdq;fs;

Rje;jpukhf nraw;gLtij ehq;fs; vg;NghJk; ghJfhg;Nghk;. ve;NeuKk;

r%fj;jpd; rfy gpui[fSk; Ngr;Rupikapy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; Clf

Rje;jpuj;ij ehk; vg;NghJk; ghJfhg;Ngd;. mNjNeuk; ntF[d

Clfj;Jiw Rje;jpukhfTk; RahjPdkhfTk; ,Ug;gijj; njhlu;e;Jk;

ghJfhg;gjw;F mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gLNtd;. Clfj;jpd; mbg;gilg;

nghWg;G njhlu;ghly; nraw;ghLfSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W mjid Njrpa

mgptpUj;jp gq;fhsuhf;f KbAk; vd ehd; ek;GfpNwd;. ehk; ,d;W thOk;

b[pl;ly; Afj;jpy; mr;R Clfq;fs;> ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs;> ,iza

Clfq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; [dehafj;Jf;Fk;

,Ug;Gf;Fk; mj;jpahtrpakhd fhuzq;fs; vd;gij ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;.

l ghuk;gupakhf ,Ue;JtUk; mr;R thndhyp kw;Wk;

njhiyf;fhl;rp Mfpa JiwfSf;F njhopy;El;g gapw;rpfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis

mwpKfg;gLj;JNtd;.

24

l Clftpayhsu;fis njhopy;rhu; epGzu;fshf

cUthf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd nraw;wpl;lq;fis

nraw;gLj;JNtd;.

l Clftpayhsu;fis rfy trjpfSk; Fwpg;ghf mwpT kw;Wk;

njhopy;El;g gapw;rpapy; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Clf

gy;fiyf;fof mwptpay; epiyankhd;iw ];jhgpg;Ngd;.

l Clftpayhsu;fSf;fhf nfhOk;G efUf;F mUfpy; etPd

jdpahd tPlikg;Gj; njhFjpnahd;iw epu;khzpg;Ngd;.

l Clfk; vd;fpd;w tpahghu Nehf;fk; ,y;yhj Njrpa

mgpyhi~fis ikakhff; nfhz;L nraw;glf;$ba Njrpa

nghWg;Gf;fSld; $ba JiwahFk;. mjw;fhd ntF[d

Clf fyhrhunkhd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

25

3 ew;gz;Gfs; epiwe;j r%fk;ehl;bd; ngsjPf mgptpUj;jp %yk; ngWfpd;w ntw;wpfis ew;gz;Gfs;

epiwe;j r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjd; ClhfNt mtw;iw rupahd

Kiwapy; ghJfhf;f KbAk; vd ehd; cWjpahf ek;GfpNwd;. ehk;

cyfpy; kpfg;goikahd ghuk;gupa tpOkpaq;fspd;

nrhj;jf;fhu;fshNthk;. mJ njhlu;ghd ngUik vkJ ehl;bd; rpq;fs>

jkpo;> K];ypk; Mfpa rfyUf;Fk; mjdhy; ehk; ,yq;ifau; vd;w

tifapy; ngw;Ws;s ghuk;gupa ntw;wpfis ehk; cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s

Ntz;bajd; fhuzk; vq;fsJ

26

Nfhapy;fs; rl;lk; cl;gl Vida midj;Jr; rl;lq;fSk;

Fwpj;Jk; Jupjkhff; fye;Jiuahb epiwNtw;w eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

l ,yq;ifapy; 2300 tUlq;fs; tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;l ngsj;j

fyhrhuj;jpd; gpujhd gFjpahf tpsq;Fk; ngsj;j E}y; kw;Wk;

Mtzq;fspd; RgPl;rj;Jf;Fk; ngsj;j kjk; Fwpj;Jk; Mu;tk;

fhl;Lfpd;w ntspehl;ltu;fSf;F khj;jpuk; my;yhky; Vida

rkaj;jtu;fspd; gad;ghl;Lf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf etPd

fhyj;Jf;F Vw;w tifapy; mtw;iwg;ghJfhf;fntd Njrpa

ngsj;j E}yfnkhd;iw mEuhjGuj;jpy; ];jhgpg;Ngd;.

l ghlrhiy gps;isfspd; ew;gz;Gfis Nkk;gLj;Jtij

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27

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28

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29

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30

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31

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Nritapy;

32

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33

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34

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35

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36

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37

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re;ijtha;g;G ,Uf;Fkhdhy; tpisepyj;jpy; epd;whYk; rfy

tptrhapfSk; xU muridg; Nghy ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;gij ehd;

fhz;fpNwd;.

tpisr;rYf;F fhzpfs;

l rupahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;glhj fhzpfis czT

cw;gj;jpf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F kf;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;fntd fhzp njhlu;ghd ghuhSkd;w njupTf;FOtpd;

gupe;Jiuia eilKiwg;gLj;JNtd;.

l ,t;thwhd fhzpfis ,dq;fz;L mtw;iw gjpT

nra;tjw;fhfTk; fhzp xd;iw vjpu;ghu;j;J ,Ug;gtu;fs; gjpT

nra;tjw;Fk; vd fhzp tq;fpnahd;iw cUthf;FNtd;. ,q;F

rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;F fhzpfs;

Fj;jifs; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gLk;.

38

kuQ;nrb nfhbfs; kw;Wk; td[PtuhrpfSf;F jz;zPu;

ePu; vd;gJ vkJ jha;ehl;by; Gdpjkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. rptndhypghj

kiyapd; cr;rpapypUe;J gha;e;JtUk; jz;zPu; kfhtyp> fSfq;fis>

fsdp Nghd;w fq;iffshf ehl;bd; ehyhGwKk; gputhfk; vLj;J me;j

Gdpjj;Jtj;jpd; ajhu;j;jj;ij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. vdNt k`h

guhf;fpukghF murd; $wpaijg;Nghy xt;nthU ePu;j;JspAk; tPzhff;

$lhJ vd ehDk; ek;GfpNwd;. kdpju;fSf;F kl;Lky;y kuQ;nrb

nfhbfs; capupdq;fs; midj;Jk; jz;zPu; njhlu;ghff; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

cupikia cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwd;.

aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F MW MidapwTf;Ff; Fsk;

njd;gFjpapYs;s tptrhapfs; kpsfha;> ntq;fhak; vd;gtw;wpd;

tpisr;ry; njhlu;ghf aho;g;ghzj;jpYs;s tptrhapfsplkpUe;Nj fw;Wf;

nfhz;lhu;fs;. mg;gbnahU Afk; ,Ue;jJ. aho;g;ghz tptrhapfSf;Fj;

Njitahd jz;zPu; Njitia KOikg;gLj;j Ntz;ba nghWg;G

vdf;F cs;sJ vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. 1970 fspy; fdfuhad; MW

Clhf MidapwT fsg;Gf;F nrd;w ePiu Nrkpj;J ed;dPu; Fsnkhd;iw

cUthf;f Kd;G jpl;lnkhd;W ,Ue;jJ. ,j; jpl;lj;ij Muha;e;J mjd;

cz;ik epiyia mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;.

l Rkhu; 19 Mapuk; Vf;fu; gug;gsitf; nfhz;l MidapwT

fsg;gpd; fpof;Fg; gFjpapy; ePz;l kz; miznahd;W

%bapUg;gjhy; Rz;bf;Fsj;jpd; mUNf fsg;Gf;Fs; tUk;

fly;ePiu jLf;f KbfpwJ. fly;ePu; cl;GfhjthW MidapwT

Fsk; fl;Lk; jpl;lj;ij ehd; Muk;gpg;Ngd;. ,jw;fhf cs;ehl;L

epGzj;Jtj;ij gad;gLj;jp Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;s vkJ

ePu;g;ghrd epGzu;fisg; gad;gLj;JNtd;.

l tTdpahtpypUe;J MidapwT Fsj;Jf;F Rkhu; 90 fpNyhkPw;wu;

J}uj;Jf;F kioePiu nfhz;Lnrd;W ghupa ePu;ghrdj;jpd;

Clhf fdfuhad; Mw;iw tp];jupj;J aho;g;ghz Mw;iw

39

epu;khzpg;Ngd;. ,jD}lhf jz;zPu; gw;whf;Fiwapy; thLk;

tlgFjp kf;fspd; tpisr;rYf;Fj; Njitahd ePiug;

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

ehL KOtjw;Fk; jz;zPu;

l nkhuf`hfe;j fSfq;if ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;

tlkj;jpa ePNuhilj;jpl;lj;ij 2015Mk; Mz;by; Muk;gpg;gjd;

%yk; me;j ePu;tsj;ij tlkj;jpa khfhzj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L

nry;Ntd;.

l fPo; ky;tj;J Xah ePiu jpirjpUg;Gk; jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf

kd;dhu; khtl;lj;Jf;F ePiu toq;FNtd;.

l ,yq;ifapy; KjyhtJ Foha; %yk; ePu;toq;Fk; jpl;lj;jpd;

fPo; jpUNfhzkiyapypUe;J tPzhf flYf;Fr; nry;Yk;

jz;zPiu kPz;Lk; ePu;g;gha;r;ry; KiwA+lhf fhypq;fEtu>

mq;fkby;y> kpd;Ndupah Mfpa gFjpf;F ePu; toq;FNtd;.

,jD}lhf tlkj;jpa khfhzj;Jf;Fj; Njitahd jz;zPiu

toq;FNtd;.

l 2014Mk; Mz;by; kf;fsplk; ifaspf;fg;gl;l njJWXa

ePu;g;ghrdj; jpl;lk; NkYk; tpupTgLj;jg;gl;L tlNky; khfhz

kf;fspd; jz;zPu; Njitia KOikg;gLj;j KbAk;.

l ckh Xah jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf nkhdwhfiy kw;Wk;

`k;ghe;Njhl;il Nghd;w khtl;l kf;fs; kPz;Lk; jz;zPu;

gQ;rj;jpw;F Kfq;nfhLf;fhj epiyia Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

l [pd;fq;if jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf njd; khfhz jz;zPu;

gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;j;Jitg;Ngd;.

l vkJ ehl;bd; epyf;fPo; jz;zPu; njhlu;ghf ,JtiuAk; xU

kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gltpy;iy. mjdhy; Kjy;Kiwahf epyf;fPo;

40

jz;zPu; njhlu;ghf Kiwahd tiuglnkhd;iwj; jahupf;f

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;. ePu;tsj;ijNah my;yJ #oiyNah

Nrjg;gLj;jhjthW Nkw;$wg;gl;l jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf jz;zPu;

jl;Lg;ghlhd gFjpfSf;Fk; epyf;fPo; jz;zPiu toq;f

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l rfy gpujhd MWfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; ,U Gwq;fspYKs;s

mizfis Rj;jg;gLj;jp nrg;gdpLk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij

Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

l ehL KOtJk; cs;s Fsq;fs;> Xilfs;> ePu;g;ghrd Xilfs;

me;je;j fpuhkq;fspy; trpf;Fk; kf;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld;

Gduikj;J ghJfhg;gjw;F mjpfhupfsplky;yhJ mtw;wpd;

ngWkjpfis ed;F czu;e;j tptrha mikg;Gfsplk;

xg;gilg;Ngd;. me;j ePu;g;ghrdf; fl;likg;ig xOq;fhd

Kiwapy; guhkupf;Fk; Ntiyfis Kd;ndLj;Jr;

nry;tjw;fhf Njrpa Fsq;fs; epjpaj;ij cUthf;FNtd;.

l jptpneFk jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf 30 Mapuj;Jf;Fk; mjpfkhd

rpwpa Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fis xd;W tplhky;

Gduikg;gjd; %yk; fpuhkq;fspd; fkj;njhopYf;Fj;

Njitahd jz;zPu; Njitia ePf;FNtd;.

l ,jD}lhf tuz;l gpuNjrq;fSf;F epyf;fPo; ePu; gad;ghl;il

Nkk;gLj;jp kdpju;fSf;F kl;Lky;yhky; Vida

capudq;fSf;Fk; kuQ;nrb nfhbfSf;Fk; ePu; fpilf;Fk; xU

#oiy cUthf;FNtd;.

tpisr;rYf;Fj; Njitahd tpij kw;Wk; cu tiffs;

l tptrhapfSf;Fj; Njitahd tpij cupik kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; tpij cw;gj;jp kw;Wk;

tpepNahfk; njhlu;ghf murpd; nghWg;G nkd;NkYk;

41

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; tifapy; Gjpa rl;l tiuaiwAld; $ba

Njrpa Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Kd;itg;Ngd;.

l cz;ikahd ,yq;if RitAld; $ba fyg;G tpij

tiffis cs;ehl;bNyNa cw;gj;jp nra;af; $bathW tpij

Muha;r;rp kj;jpa epiyankhd;iw etPd njhopy;El;gj;Jld;

KOikg;gLj;JNtd;.

l ,urhad cutiffspd; ghtidiaf; Fiwj;J ,aw;if

tptrha Kiwapd; Clhf Njrpa tpij tiffis

Cf;Ftpf;fntd jiyikj;Jtk; toq;FNtd;.

l cukhdpaj;jpd; fPo; 50 fpNyh cuj;ij 350 &ghTf;Fj;

njhlu;e;Jk; toq;FNtd;. mj;Jld; ,aw;if cu cw;gj;jp

kw;Wk; mjd; ghtidia Cf;Ftpg;Ngd;. mjw;fhd

Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ijAk; Kd;ndLg;Ngd;.

tptrhapfSf;F %yjdk;

l tptrhapfs; fldpy; %o;fptplhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf mtu;fis

mjpypUe;J tpLtpg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L tptrhaf;

flDf;fhd tq;fp jpl;lj;ij kPz;Lk; eilKiwg;gLj;JNtd;.

fkey Nrit jpizf;fsj;jpd; tsq;fisf; nfhz;L kpff;

Fiwe;j nrytpd; fPo; Jupjkhf fld;toq;Ftjw;fhf tq;fp

nghwpKiwia Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

tpisr;ry; kw;Wk; re;ij tha;g;G

l vkJ tptrhaj;Jiw jw;NghJ mjpf njhopy;El;g

,ae;jpukakhf khwp tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,ae;jpuq;fisg;

ghtpj;J eLif> fis gpLq;Fjy;> mWtil> #Lkpjpj;jy;

Nghd;w cw;gj;jp eltbf;iffSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; ,ae;jpu

cgfuz cw;gj;jpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk; mtw;iw

42

Nkk;gLj;Jk; njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;F Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F

tup epthuzk; toq;fg;gLk;.

l ,aw;if tptrha Kiwia ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd; %yk;

Nkk;gLj;jp tptrhaj;jpy; nfsg;gp>

Nrhah> Fuf;fd;> kpsfha; kw;Wk; cOe;J cs;spl;l

cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspy; jd;dpiwit milar; nra;Ntd;.

goq;fs; kw;Wk; kuf;fwp cw;gj;jp

l ,yq;ifapy; tptrhaj;Jiwia 46 tyaq;fshfg; gpupj;J

xt;nthU tyaj;jpYk; xU gotif xU kuf;fwp vd;w

43

tifapy; cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;ff;$ba tifapy; fhy

ml;ltiznahd;iwj; jahupg;Ngd;.

l ,f;fhy ml;ltizapd; gb tptrhak; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

tptrhapfSf;F topfhl;Ltjw;Fk; njhopy;El;g cjtpfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;Fk; cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L re;ijia

,yf;Fitj;J kuf;fwp kw;Wk; gotiffspd; cw;gj;jp tUlk;

KOtJk; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; tpisr;rypy;

44

l kpUfitj;jpa gl;lg;gbg;Gf;fhf gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;F

Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk; khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

mjpfupg;gjd; Clhf ,j;njhopy;Jiwia mgptpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhd njhopy;rhu; ty;Ydu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

mjpfupg;Ngd;. ,jD}lhf fhy;eil gz;izfspd; tpUj;jp

nra;aTk;> gRf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Neha;fspypUe;J mtw;iwf;

fhf;fTk; eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l ghy; cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;nfd fy;tp gapw;rp

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iwAk; Ma;T uPjpahd jpl;lnkhd;iwAk;

Kd;ndLj;Jj; njspTgLj;Jtjd; Clhf gRk; ghy; njhlu;ghd

,sk; njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fis cUthf;f Njrpa

kl;lj;jpyhd Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

l fhy;eil czTfSf;Fj; Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fshfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Gz;zhf;F> jtpL kw;Wk; Nrhsk;

Mfpatw;iw Nghl;b tpiyapd; mbg;gilapy; cs;ehl;bNyNa

nfhs;tdT nra;tij Cf;Ftpf;fj; Njitahd epthuzj;ij

muR %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l ,d;W vkJ ehl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd Nfhop cw;gj;jpapd; msT

cs;ehl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd msT KOikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;epiyapy; vkJ cw;gj;jpfSf;F ,e;jpah njd;dhgpupf;fh

kw;Wk; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ey;y re;ijtha;g;G

fpilj;Js;sJ mjdhy; Fwpg;gpl;l tu;j;jfu;fSf;F

,r;re;ijia ntw;wpf;nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd #oiy

cUthf;fpf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

l tlf;F> fpof;F kf;fspd; ghuk;gupa fhy;eil tsu;g;G

MLtsu;g;G Nghd;w njhopy;Jiwia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fj;

Njitahd Ml;Lf;Fl;bfis rfy FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W

tho;tpd; vOr;rp jpizf;fsj;jpd; Clhf

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

45

l nkhdwhfiy> mk;ghiw> tTdpah> Ky;iyj;jPT kw;Wk;

`k;ghe;Njhl;il Mfpa ghuk;gupakw;w gpuNjrq;fspy; ,wg;gu;

cw;gj;jpia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf me;jg; gFjpfspy; ,wg;gu;

ehw;W Nkilfis muR epWtpAs;sJ. mj;Jld; mtw;Wf;Fj;

Njitahd Gjpa cuf; fyitnahd;iwAk; mwpKfg;gLj;j

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l ,wg;gu; cw;gj;jpia rpwpa tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy;

tpupTgLj;Jtjw;fhf mjw;Fj; Njitahd epthuzg;

nghjpnahd;iw mwpKfk; nra;Ntd;.

l gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; ,wg;gu; gjdpLk; epiyak;

Muk;gpf;fg;gLtJld; njhopy;El;gj;ij tpupTgLj;jp ngWkjp

Nru;f;fg;gl;l ,wg;gu; cw;gj;jpfis Nkk;gLj;j cjtp GupNtd;.

njq;F cw;gj;jp

l xU kuj;jpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf cau;uf fd;Wfs; njhlu;ghd

Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;g njq;F Muha;r;rp

epiyaj;ij gyg;gLj;JNtd;.

l njw;F cw;gj;jpj; JiwapDs; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid

eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;tUk; tu;j;jfu;fSf;Fj;

Njitahd mwpT kw;Wk; gapw;rpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l Njapiy ,wg;gu; njq;F nra;iffSf;Fupa rfy rl;lq;fSk;

etPd Afj;jpw;F Vw;w tifapy; jpUj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

l etPd njhopy; El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,wg;gu; ghy; ntl;Ljy;

Njapiy nfhOe;J gwpj;jy; kw;Wk; Njq;fha; gwpj;jy;

Nghd;wtw;Wf;nfd Gjpa eilKiwia mwpKfg;gLj;JNtd;.

46

l cyfj; jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Njapiy ,wg;gu; kw;Wk;

njd;dq;; fhzpfis tiuglj;Jf;Fl;gLj;j eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

ngUe;Njhl;l nghUshjhu njhopy;El;gj; Jiw

Njapiy nra;if

,yq;ifj; Njapiy vd;gjd; ClhfNt Muk;gfhyk; Kjy; ,yq;if

cyf muq;fpy; ngau; ngw;wpUe;jJ. Njapiy cw;gj;jpNa ,jpy; gpujhd

gq;if tfpj;jJ. vdNt Njapiy cw;gj;jpia NkYk; Nkk;gLj;jp

vjpu;fhyj;jpYk; ru;tNjr re;ijapy; ,yq;ifapd; ew;ngaiu

Kjyplj;jpy; jf;fitg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd eltbf;iffis vLg;Ngd;.

l Njapiy nra;iff;F tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd mwpTk;

cau;njhopy;El;gKk; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf ngUe;Njhl;l

Njapiy cw;gj;jpahsu;fis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F murpd;

gq;fspg;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

l cw;gj;jp nryit Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ,ae;jpuq;fspd;

ghtidia rpW Njapiy Njhl;l nrhe;jf;fhuu;fspd; kj;jpapy;

tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F murpd; mDruiziag; ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;Ngd;.

l mjpf tpisr;riyg; juf;$ba jukhd xl;Lf; fd;Wfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f VJthd tifapy; ehw;W Nkilfis

mgptpUj;jp nra;tJld; mtw;wpd; Ma;Tfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; Njitahd eltbf;iffis

Kd;ndLg;Ngd;.

l rpW Njapiyj; Njhl;l cupikahsu;fspd; mikg;ig

gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; rq;fj;Jf;Fupa mjpfhug;

gpuNjrj;Jf;Fs; nfhOe;J Nrfupf;Fk; kj;jpa epiyankhd;iw

mikg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis nra;J nfhLg;Ngd;.

47

,wg;gu; nra;if

l ,wg;gu; tpiy tPo;r;rpailtjw;F khw;wPlhf nr]; tupapy;

jpUj;jk; nra;J epu;za tpiy Kiwia ];jpug;gLj;jp

njhlu;r;rpahf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Ntd;.

l ntspehLfspd; gq;fspg;Gld; Njapiy Njq;fha; kw;Wk; ,wg;gu;

njhlu;ghd rfy Muha;r;rp epiyaq;fisAk; etPd

njhopy;El;gj;Jld; KOikg;gLj;JNtd;.

Vw;Wkjp gapu;r;nra;if

l ru;tNjr re;ijf;F cau;juj;jpyhd fWthit toq;Fk; ehL

,yq;if vd ngau; ngw;Ws;sJ. vdNt fWth nra;ifia

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

,jd;fPo; fWth gjg;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd Msdpg;

gw;whf;Fiwia eptu;j;jpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;

cau;njhopy;El;gj;Jld; $ba Gjpa cgfuzq;fisj; Njbr;

nry;Yk; Njrpa Ma;thsu;fSf;F KOikahd

xj;Jiog;Gf;fis toq;FNtd;.

l fz;b kw;Wk; khj;jis khtl;lq;fspy; fpuhk kf;fspd; gpujhd

tUthahf tpsq;Fk; rhjpf;fha; nra;ifia nkd;NkYk;

tpupTgLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjd; cw;gj;jpj;jpwid mjpfupg;gjw;Fk;;

Njitahd trjpfis toq;FNtd;.

l fuhk;G> nfhf;Nfh kw;Wk; ghf;F nra;ifia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fh

tptrhapfSf;Fj; Njitahd tpNrl epthuzf; fld;

jpl;lnkhd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

l Njq;fha; kw;Wk; ,wg;gu; fhzpfspy; ntspehl;L

re;ijtha;g;ig bg;gilahff; nfhz;L J}Jtis>

Nrg;gq;fpoq;F> ts;spf;fpoq;F Nghd;w gapu; nra;iffis

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F tuTnryTj;jpl;l epthuzj;Jf;F

Nkyjpfkhf KjyPl;L epthuzf; fld; jpl;lnkhd;W

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

48

rKj;jpu nghUshjhuk; fiuNahu kf;fspd; tho;f;if

rpg;gpf;Fupa ngupa nrhj;J mjd; cs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; Kj;J. mNjNghd;W

jhd; vkJ jPTf;F cs;s xNu nrhj;J fly;tsk;. vd;whYk; ,e;J

rKj;jpuj;jpd; Kj;jhf ,d;dKk; mjd; gaid ruptu ngw;Wf;

nfhs;stpy;iynad;gNj vdJ ek;gpf;if. 2020Mk; Mz;L MFk;NghJ

,yq;ifia xU rKj;jpu nghUshjhuj;ijf; nfhz;lnjhU ehlhf

Mf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w ,yf;iff; nfhz;L gazpf;fpNwd;.

l 2007 ,NyNa ,yq;iff;Fupa flw;gFjpia mse;JKbg;gjw;F fpilj;jik Aj;jk; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;dNu ehk;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;l ghupa ntw;wpahFk;.

l ,yq;iff;Fr; nrhe;jkhd flw;gFjpia tpupTgLj;Jtjw;Fvd;dhy; If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;Gf;F tpLj;j Ntz;LNfhs;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lijapl;L ehd; ngUikailfpNwd;.

mjD}lhf vjpu;fhyj;jpy; vkf;Fupa fly; vy;iy vkJ

,yq;ifiatpl 23 gq;F mjpfkhff; fpilf;fk;.

l ,e;jf; flw;gFjpapDs; ,Uf;Fk; vz;nza; tsk; ,aw;ifvupthA fdpk kzy;fs; Nghd;w tsq;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F vq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; nghUshjhu

ngWkjp mnkupf;f nlhyu; l;upy;ypaidtpl mjpfkhf

,Uf;Fk;.

l kd;dhu; flw;gLifapy; jw;NghJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ,aw;ifvupthA tu;j;jf uPjpahf fzpf;fg;gl;L mjd; gpujpgyd;fis

kf;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l fly; rhu;e;j kUe;J cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; kPd;> fly;tho; jhtuq;fs;cw;gj;jp ngWkjp Nru;f;fg;gl;L JiwKf Nrit kw;Wk; mdy;

tYrf;jp njhopy;El;g cw;gj;jpf;F murpd; gq;fspd;gpd; Clhf

Kd;Dupik ngw;Wf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

l %Nyhgha ifj;njhopyhf upd;kPd; njhopw;rhiy mgptpUj;jpnra;Ntd;. ,jw;fhf jFe;j kPd; cw;gj;jp fpilf;Fk; Ie;J

gpuNjrq;fspy; Ie;J njhopw;rhiyfis Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

49

edthd gl;Lg;ghij fdT

l nfhOk;G kw;Wk; `k;ghe;Njhl;ilia mz;kpj;j gFjpfspy;

KOikahf JiwKf efuq;fs; ,uz;L cUthf;FNtd;.

mjD}lhf ehl;bDs; tu;j;jf fg;gw;JiwAld; njhlu;Gila

ghupa KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;F mYtyf njhFjpia

Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

l Rw;Wyh N`hl;ly;fs;> filj;njhFjpfs;> nghJNghf;F

epiyaq;fs;> fz;fhl;rp kw;Wk; khehl;L kz;lgq;fs; Nghd;w

trjpfSld; $ba tu;j;jf tyaf; Nfe;jpuq;fs; ,uz;L>

JiwKf efuj;ij mz;ba gFjpapy; Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

l Rje;jpukhd JiwKf vz;zf;fU vd;gij ehd;

ajhu;j;jG+u;tkhf;FNtd;. nfhOk;G `k;ghe;Njhl;il vd;gd

Rje;jpukhd JiwKfkhf Vw;gLj;jpaijg; Nghd;Nw

jpUNfhzkiy JiwKfj;ij NkYk; mgptpUj;jp nra;J

NkYk; Rje;jpukhd Jiwkhf khw;wp cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L

KjyPl;lhsu;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw

eilKiwg;gLj;JNtd;. ,jD}lhf nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp>

kPSUthf;fk; kw;Wk; ngWkjpNru; gpuhe;jpakhf ,yq;ifia

khw;wpaikg;Ngd;.

l ghupastpyhd fg;gy; kw;Wk; JiwKf njhopy;Jiwf;Fj;

Njitahd fg;gy; kw;Wk; JiwKf njhopy;Jiwiar;

rhu;e;jtu;fSf;F cjtpr;Nrit toq;Ftjw;fhf rpwpa kw;Wk;

eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jk;

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;JNtd;.

l vkJ Njrpa czTfs; njhlu;ghf ntspehl;L fg;gy;

Msdpapdu; mjpf Mu;tk; fhl;Ltjhy; gyhf;fha;> fpoq;F>

tw;whis fpoq;F> ,jD}lhf tptrhapfSf;F

mjpf tUkhdj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;ff; $ba njspthd

50

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw jw;NghNj Muk;gpj;Js;Nsd;. ,jd;gb

jahupf;fg;gl;l czT tiffisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; 10

kj;jpa epiyaq;fis ehL KOtJk; Vw;gLj;jTk; eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

l jw;nghOJ jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s fhyp JiwKf mgptpUj;jp

Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf cy;yhr gazpfis ftu;e;jpOf;ff;

$ba gpuNjrkhf fhyp JiwKf gpuNjrj;ij Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

mjd; Clhf tho;f;ifj; njhopyhff; nfhz;l njd;gFjpapy;

cs;s mNdfkhNdhupd; tUthia mjpfupg;Ngd;.

l Gjpjhf epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l xYtpy; JiwKfk;> etPd

kag;gLj;jg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfk;

kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiy JiwKfk; Mfpatw;iw gad;gLj;jp

tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; tho;fpd;w kf;fspd;

cw;gj;jpfis nfhOk;G gpujhd tzpf Nfe;jpu epiyaj;Jf;F

,yFthf kw;Wk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;F top

Vw;gLk; tifapy; fly; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritia Vw;gLj;j

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l JiwKf Jiwf;F mz;kpj;jjhf ,e;j mgptpUj;jpfs; Clhf

cau;e;j rk;gsj;Jld; 3 ,yl;rk; Neub Ntiytha;g;Gfis

kw;Wk; 2 ,yl;rk; kiwKfkhd Ntiytha;g;Gfs; vjpu;tUk;

6 tUlj;Jf;Fs; Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

l ,e;j midj;J mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; Clhf

vjpu;tUk; 6 tUl fhyj;Jf;Fs; vkJ nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fg;

Gjpjhf ,izf;Fk; tifapy; ntspehl;L KjyPLfspd;

msit 10 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyUf;Fk; mjpfkhf;f

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l JiwKfk; kw;Wk; flw;gil Jiwia mz;kpj;jjhf fly;rhu;

tpQ;Qhdpfspd; mwpit Nkk;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; ,isQu;

AtjpfSf;fpilapy; mjid gfpu;e;jspj;jy; kw;Wk; me;jj;

JiwfSf;Fs; Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; gupNrhjidfis

51

elj;Jtjw;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; fly;rhu; gy;fiyf;fofj;ij

tYg;gLj;JNtd;.

l nfhOk;G JiwKfj;ij mjpfkhd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w JiwKfkhf;FtJld; mjdhy; Vw;gLfpd;w

Nritfspd; guk;gYf;F Vw;g ntspapy; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gLk;NghJ Vw;gLk; jhkjq;fisj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fj;

Njitahd eltbf;iffis Kiwahf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;. mjd; %yk; rhujpfspd; kw;Wk;

mjDld; njhlu;Gila Nritahsu;fspd; NeuKk; fhyKk;

vkJ kdepiyiaAk; mjpUg;jp jd;ikiaAk; Nghf;Ftjw;F

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l nfhOk;G kw;Wk; `k;ghe;Njhl;il gpujhd ru;tNjr

JiwKfq;fs; ,uz;bYk; ngsjPf tsq;fisAk;

trjpfisAk; ru;tNjr JiwKfq;fspd; NjitfSf;F Vw;g

me;j mstpw;F njhlu;e;J etPd kag;gLj;Jtjd; Clhf

,yq;ifia cyfj;jpd; flw;gilj; Jiwapy; gpujhd Nfe;jpu

epiyakhf khw;Wtjw;F eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

kPdt r%fj;Jf;F Gjpa tho;f;if

ehDk; gy tUlq;fshf ,e;j ehl;by; kPd;gpb mikr;ruhf

,Ue;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. mjdhy; fly;rhu; tho;f;ifiaf; nfhz;l Fiwe;j

tUkhdj;jpd; fPo; thOfpd;w kPdt kf;fspd;> kPdt r%fj;jpd; ngWkjp

czu;e;J mjD}lhf Gjpa tho;f;ifnahd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf

mtu;fisg; nghUshjhu uPjpahf cau;j;jp Gjpjhff;

fl;bnaOg;gg;gLfpd;w ,yq;ifapy; midj;Jf; fjTfisAk;

mtu;fSf;fhfj; jpwe;Jitg;Ngd;.

l kPdtu;fspd; kidtpkhu;fs; jkJ fztu; flYf;Fr; nrd;w

NtisapypUe;J kio kw;Wk; ngUq;fhw;W Mfpatw;wpd;

gaj;jpNyNa tho;fpd;wdu;. md;whl kPdtj;njhopypy;

52

khrp kw;Wk; [hb Nghd;wtw;wpd; cw;gj;jp

njhopYf;fhf kfspu; Jiwrhu;ghd gapw;rpnahd;iw

Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F jptpneFk tq;fpapd; fPo; Ntwhf epthuz

fld; jpl;lnkhd;iw mwpKfg;gLj;JNtd;. me;j cw;gj;jpfis

ru;tNjr re;ijf;F nfhz;L nry;tjw;F Vw;g mjd;

ngWkjpia mjpfupj;J mjpy; Eiotjw;F kPdt ,sk;

r%fj;jpw;F re;ju;g;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhLg;Ngd;.

l fly;top kw;Wk; kPd; njhlu;ghf Ma;Tnra;J kPd;tsj;ij>

fly;tsk; njhlu;ghf tiuglnkhd;iw jahupg;Ngd;.

l mfpy ,yq;if uPjpahd re;ijtha;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjd;

Clhf kPd; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tpw;gid njhlu;gpy; Vw;gLfpd;w

rthy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLg;gJ njhlu;ghf Gjpa re;ij

tha;g;Gf;fis Njb Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw

Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

l ed;dPu; kPd;tsu;g;Gj; njhopiy Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cs;sf

jlhfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; tpupthd ePu;tho;

mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Nkw;nfhs;SNtd;.

53

6 Njrpa njhopy; epfo;r;rp epuy;tptrhaj;ijg;Nghd;W ifj;njhopy; JiwapYk; ehl;il Kd;Ndw;WtNj

vjpu;tUk; tUlq;fspy; vdJ ,yf;fhFk;. mjw;fhf ehl;bd;

nghUshjhuj;Jf;F topfhl;bahf Kf;fpakhd ifj;njhopy; Jiwfis

,dq;fz;L me;j ifj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F Vw;gLfpd;w gy;NtWgl;l

jilfis ePf;fp mtu;fis Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;. 3 ,yl;rk;

njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fisAk; [PtNdhgha tha;g;Gf;fs; 5 ,yl;rj;ijAk;

Vw;gLj;Jjy;. Njrpa ifj;njhopy; epo;r;rp epuiy jahupj;jy;. mjw;F

Vw;w tifapy; Gjpa rl;ljpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;l fl;likg;nghd;iw

mwpKfg;gLj;jy;. mJ njhlu;ghf KOikahd mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;l

ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp rl;l%ynkhd;iwf; nfhz;LtUNtd;.

l tupia NkYk; ,yF gLj;Jtjw;fhf murhy;

ngw;Wf;nfhLf;ff; $ba midj;J mDkjpfisAk; xNu

$iuapd; fPo; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F mJ njhlu;ghf Vw;gLfpd;w

fhy epu;zaj;ij epu;zapj;jy;. %y nghUl;fis toq;fp

,yF gLj;jy;. kdpj tsq;fis Kfhikj;Jtg;gLj;jy;.

#oiy ghJfhj;jy;. Gjpa mwpit kw;Wk; etPd

njhopy;El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ,wf;Fkjp re;ij tha;g;gpd;

trjpfis Vw;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf ,e;j rl;l%yj;ij

jahupg;Ngd;.

l mur epWtdq;fspd; fzf;fha;T KjyhtJ %yjhukhf

Ntz;baJ. epWtdq;fspd; Nritfs; my;yJ epjp tsq;fs;

vt;tsT Jupjkhf Njrpa Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf

gad;ghLs;sjhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gNjahFk;.

mjdhy; ,e;j Nehf;fq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; midj;J

epWtdq;fisAk; jpl;lq;fis 2015,y; Gjpjhfj; jahupg;gjw;F

MNyhrpj;Js;Nsd;.

l ghupa ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; cgha khu;f;fq;fis

ifj;njhopy;JiwfSf;F cs;s+u; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L

54

tq;fpfspd; epjp %yjdj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Ff; $ba

tifapy; ghJfhg;G nghWg;G kw;Wk;

55

l fw;gpl;b> Fr;rntsp> ahy kw;Wk; ghrpf;Flh MfpagpuNjrq;fspYs;s fly;tpisahl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

flw;fiu cy;yhrj;njhopy;Jiwf;F Vw;wtpjj;jpy; trjpfis

toq;fp Kd;Ndw;WNtd;.

l tptrha Rw;Wyh njhopy;Jiwia #oy;Rw;Wyhj;njhopy;Jiwf;F tdhe;juk; rhu;ghd

Rw;Wyhj;njhopy;Jiwia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,sk; rf;jpfis

kw;Wk; Ntiyahsu;fisAk; Cf;fg;gLj;JNtd;.

l ,sk; cy;yhrg; gazpfspd; kdijf; ftu;e;jpOf;Fk;tpjj;jpy; tpisahl;Lf;fis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

l vq;fsJ ehl;Lf;F tUfpd;w cy;yhrg; gazpfSf;F vq;fsJcwTfis cgrupf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; fPu;j;jpf;F

Vw;g mtw;iw cyfpy; tpuptilar; nra;Ak;

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;GNtd;.

l fhgd; czTfis cs;s+u; czTfisAk; kw;Wk; Fspu;ghdtiffisAk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSf;F toq;Ffpd;w rpW

tpahghupfSf;F 5 ,yrl;k; &ghtiu epthuzf; fld;toq;fp

Cf;fg;gLj;JNtd;.

l Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSf;F Nritfis toq;Ftjw;F Kiwahdgapw;rpia toq;FNtd;.

l cs;s+u; Njrpa itj;jpa Nritia toq;Ftijmbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Rw;Wyhj;Jiwia tpNrlkhf ehL

KOtjpYk; tpupTgLj;Jtjw;fhf cs;s+u; itj;jpau;fis

Cf;fg;gLj;JNtd;. mjw;fhf epthuzq;fis toq;Ftjw;F

fl;lisfis ,Ltjw;F nghwpKiwnahd;iw jahupg;Ngd;.

epu;khz njhopy;Jiw eltbf;if Kiw

l Njrpa epu;khzpg;G njhopy;Jiw jw;NghJ mile;Js;s

ntw;wpfSf;F Vw;g Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F Gjpa epu;khzpg;G

56

mgptpUj;jp rl;lnkhd;wpd; fPo; midj;J Nritahsu;fisAk;

epu;khzpg;ghsu;fisAk; fl;ll fiyQu;fisAk; KOikahd

gq;fspg;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Njrpa epu;khzpg;G

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw epu;khzpg;Ngd;.

l gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s Vida ehLfis Ke;jpf; nfhz;L

Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;yj; Njitahd rthy;fis ntw;wp

nfhs;sntd cs;SH epHkhzf; ifj;njhopy;

nfhs;ifnahd;iw ntspapLNtd;.

l ,f; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; Gjpa rHtNjr re;ij tha;g;ig Njbr;

nry;yTk; vd Mil ifj;njhopw;rhiy cupikahsHfSf;F

murhq;fj;jpy; g+uz mDruiz toq;FNtd;.

l Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rfy Glit (Medical

Textiles) cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf

gad;gLj;Jk; tpNrl Glitfs; (Geo Textiles) cw;gj;jpf;

57

ifj;njhopiy ,yq;if Milf; ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy;

mwpKfg;gLj;JNtd;. ,f;ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;Fj;

Njitahd trjpfisAk; murhq;fj;jpd; Clhf toq;f

cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.

l kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; cs;SH Mil cw;gj;jp

ifj;njhopy; Jiwia etPd njhopy;El;gj;Jld; $bajhf

Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F ,sk; njhopy; Kaw;rpahsHfSf;Fj;

Njitahd %yjdk; kw;Wk; mwpit ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f

eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

%Nyhgha ifj;njhopy; fl;likg;G

l tUlhe;jk; ntspehLfSf;F nry;Yk; Mdhy;> vk;khy;cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpfis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ifj;njhopy; fl;likg;nghd;iw

cUthf;FNtd;. mt;thwhd ifj;njhopy;fSf;F mur

mDruiziaAk; ehl;bd; caH jdpahH

ifj;njhopyhsHfspd; gq;fspg;igAk; mspg;Ngd;.

l rfy gpuNjr nrayhsH gpuptpYk; jyh xU ngWkjp NrHifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L %yg; nghUs;rhH ifj;njhopy;

mlq;fshf 325 ifj;njhopy; epiyaq;fis Muk;gpg;gjw;fhf

gq;Fr; re;ijapy; Kd;dzpapy; cs;s 200 fk;gdpfs;

mlq;fshf vkJ ehl;bd; rpwe;j tpahghupfSf;F miog;G

tpLf;fpNwd;.

l ,jw;nfd mtHfSf;Fj; Njitahd trjpfisAk;> rfy tpjCf;Ftpg;G nfhLg;gditAk; toq;FNtd;.

l ,j; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jhk; thOk; gFjpfspy; ,Ue;NjNkw;nfhs;sf;$ba 100>000 njhopy;tha;g;Gfis

cUthf;FNtd;.

l Njrpa ifj;njhopy; fl;likg;gpw;Fs; etPd mwpitAk;cs;Supd; Gjpa fz;L gpbg;GfisAk; nkd;NkYk;

58

Cf;Ftpf;fTk;> njhopy;El;g Ma;Tf;fhd Ma;T$lj;

njhFjpnahd;iw ehL g+uhfTk; cs;s

gy;fiyf;fofq;fSld; ,ize;jjhf ];jhgpg;Ngd;.

l tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; Ma;thsupd; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kw;Wk;

Ma;Tfis mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspd;ghy; nrtdfy kw;Wk; `pq;FuhdrPdpj;njhopw;rhiyfis KOikahf etPdkag;gLj;JNtd;.

,g;gFjpfspy; xU n`f;NlaUf;F fpilf;Fk; mWtilia

100 nkw;wpf;njhd; tiuapy; caHj;j Njitahd mjpf

tpisr;riy jUk; tpij tiffisAk; etPd gapuply;

KiwiaAk; mwpKfg;gLj;JNtd;.

l mEuhjGuk;> tTdpah> kl;lf;fsg;G> Ky;iyj;jPT> kd;dhHkw;Wk; gpgpiy Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; 120>000 n`f;Nlaupy;

Gjpjhf fUk;G nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;. ,e;j rfy

gpuNjrq;fspYk; mjp etPd ifj; njhopy;rhiy fl;likg;ig

Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

l ,g; Gjpa ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Clhf 25>000 Neub njhopy;tha;g;igAk; cUthf;FNtd;. ,J jtpu jw;nghOJ

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tptrhaj;jpd; Clhf cupa gyd;

59

fpilf;fhj gFjp tptrhapfspd; Clhf Gjpa fUk;G

gapHr;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;.

l Fiwe;jgl;rk; 100>000 tptrha FLk;gq;fSf;F Nkyjpf

tho;thjhu top cUthf;fg;gLk;.

l rPdp cw;gj;jpapd; Clhf fpilf;Fk; Nkyjpf cw;gj;jpfshd

vjNdhy;> Nghijg;nghUs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf md;wp vupnghUs;

fyit xd;iw cw;gj;jp nra;ag; gad;gLj;j Njitahd

%Nyhghaj;ij jahupg;Ngd;.

l fljhrp ml;ilfs;> fljhrp kw;Wk; gpsh];bf; Clhf ,il

cw;gj;jpfs; gytw;iw ehl;bDs; Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

l rPdpf; ifj;njhopy; njhopw;rhiya+lhf GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jp

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,izg;Ngd;.

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60

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Vw;WkjpahsHfis

61

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njhopy;El;gk;> ,yj;jpudpay; njhopy;El;gk;> NuhNgh

62

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63

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64

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65

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66

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67

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68

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69

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70

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gapw;rp epiwe;j fw;wwpe;j guk;giu cUthf;fg;gLk;.

Kd;gs;sp Gul;rp

Njrpa MSik tsHr;rpapd; RgNtis Kd;gs;spapy; ,Ue;Nj

Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> ehd; Kd;gs;sp fy;tp Fwpj;J kpfTk; ftdk;

nrYj;Jfpd;Nwd;.

l midj;J gps;isfSf;Fk; Kd;gs;sp fy;tpia

fl;lhag;gLj;JNtd;.

71

l jw;NghJ jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kd;gs;sp Njrpaf; fy;tpf;

nfhs;ifia kPz;Lk; EZf;fkhf Ma;T nra;J jhkjkpd;wp

nraw;gLj;JNtd;.

l ghlrhiyf;F Kd;gs;sp vd;w vz;zf;fUtpd; fPo; xt;nthU

ghlrhiyAlDk; ,ize;jjhf Kd;gs;spnahd;W

mg;ghlrhiyf;F mUfpNyNa Muk;gpg;Ngd;. mjd; %yk; rfy

Kd;gs;sp MrpupiafSf;Fk; Njitahd etPd Kd;gs;sp

fy;tp gapw;rpia ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

rfyUf;Fk; rkkhd mwpTg; ghf;fpak;

l ,yq;ifapy; Muk;g tFg;Gfs; elj;jg;gLfpd;w nkhj;jg;

ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifia 10>000 tiu mjpfupg;Ngd;.

l fpuhkpa gps;isfSf;F rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l 1000

k`pe;Njhja ,uz;lhk; epiy ghlrhiyfis ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;Fk; eltbf;ifia 2016,y; KOikg;gLj;JNtd;.

l k`pe;Njhja tskhd ghlrhiy vz;zf;fUtpd; fPo; 5000

ghlrhiyfis rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l ghlrhiyahf

Nkk;gLj;JNtd;.

l iftplg;gl;Ls;s fpuhkpa ghlrhiyf; fl;likg;G> kpd;rhuk;>

mbg;gil Rfhjhu trjp cs;spl;l midj;J ngsjPf

trjpfisAk; cs;slf;fp gps;isNea ghlrhiyia

cUthf;Fk; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 2016 rfy Muk;gg;

ghlrhiyfisAk; gps;isNea ghlrhiyfshf

khw;wpaikg;Ngd;.

l rhjhuz juk; tiu tFg;Gfisf; nfhz;l midj;J

ghlrhiyfSf;F tpQ;Qhd Ma;Tf;$lq;fis ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;gJld; tpQ;Qhd fw;if newp nfhz;l ghlrhiyfspd;

vz;zpf;ifia 1000 tiu mjpfupg;Ngd;.

72

l xt;nthU gpuNjr nrayfg; gpuptpYk; tpQ;Qhdk;> tHj;jfk;>

fiy kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g fw;ifnewpfSldhd rfy

trjpfisAk; nfhz;l k`pe;Njha ,uz;lhk; epiy

ghlrhiyfis cUthf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jw;NghJ

100 ghlrhiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; 2016Mk;

Mz;lhFk; NghJ me;Nehf;fk; KOikg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

l 2020Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ khtl;lj;Jf;F xU ghlrhiy vd

rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l 25 ghlrhiyfis Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

2015 ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Etnuypahtpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

fzpjj; jilia cilj;njwpjy;

l VNjh xU fhuzj;jpdhy; vt;tsNth cgha khHf;fq;fis

Nkw;nfhz;Lk; vkJ gps;isfspy; miuthrpg;NgH ,d;Dk;

fzpj ghlj;jpy; NjHr;rp ngWfpwhHfs; ,y;iy. mt;thwhd

gps;isfspd; tho;T Nkk;ghl;Lf;F vt;tpj jilAk; Vw;glhj

tifapy; Njitahd eltbf;iffis nraw;gLj;JNtd;.

l ghltopfhl;b> fw;gpf;Fk; tpjpKiw> Mrpupau;fspd; kdg;ghd;ik

kw;Wk; etPd fw;gpf;Fk; Kiw vd;gd Fwpj;J gps;isfs; kPJ

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;w r%f cstpay; uPjpahd

fhuzq;fs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; Fwpj;J ePz;l tpupthd

mbg;gilapy; Ma;T nra;J ,g;gpur;rpidf;F cWjpahd

jPu;it ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf [dhjpgjp nrayhsupd;

jiyikapy; [dhjpgjp Mizf;FO xd;iw epakpg;Ngd;.

l cau;juj;jpy; fw;gjw;F jFjp ngw;wpUe;Jk;> fzpj ghlj;jpy;

rpj;jp ngwhj khztu;fSf;F njhopEl;g fw;ifnewpNah

my;yJ fiy fw;ifnewpNah fw;gjw;fhd tha;g;ig

Vw;gLj;jpj; jUNtd;.

l MW ghlq;fspy; rpj;jp ngw;W fzpjj;jpy; Nju;r;rp ngwhj

khztu;fs; ,uz;L tUl fhyg;gFjpapDs; mg;ghlj;jpy; rpj;jp

73

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; cau;juj;jpy;

fw;gjw;F tha;g;G Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gLtJld;> me;j

,uz;L tUlj;jpDs; fzpj ghlj;jpy; Nju;r;rp ngWtjw;fhf

tpNrl tFg;Gf;fis elj;Jtjw;fhf eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

tuyhw;W mwpTg; Gul;rp

l njhopEl;g fw;ifia cau;jughlj; jpl;lj;jpy;

cs;slf;fpaik vjpu;fhyj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhz;L vkJ

murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhz;l tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kpf;f

eltbf;if vd;gJ xU ehs; tuyhw;wpy; nghd; vOj;jhy;

gjpag;gLk; vd ehd; cWjpahf ek;GfpNwd;. NkYk; ,jd;

%yk; gy;fiyf;fofj;Jf;F nry;y KbahJ cau;fy;tpia

,oe;J ngU %r;R tpLk; gps;isfSf;F cau; fy;tp tha;g;Gk;

njhopy; tha;g;Gk; KOikg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

l njhopEl;g fw;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xt;nthU khztDf;Fk;

Njrpa njhopy; jifikr; rhd;wpjo; (NVQ) toq;fg;gLk;.

me;jr; rhd;wpjo; cau;fy;tpia fw;gjw;F tpUg;gk; mw;w

xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; njhopiy ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd

mDkjpg;gj;jpukhFk;.

l khtl;lj;jpw;F xU gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}up vd;w mbg;gilapy;

25 gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}upfis Muk;gpg;Ngd;. 2015y;

cau;juj;jpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;W gy;fiyf;fof Eioitg; ngwhj

7500 khztu;fs; 2016y; mt;thwhd fy;Y}upfSf;F Nru;j;Jf;

nfhs;sg;gLtu;.

l njhopEl;g fy;tp fw;ifia fw;Fk; nghUshjhu f\;lj;jpw;F

Kfk; nfhLj;Js;s gps;isfSf;F k`pe;Njhja njhopEl;g

Gyikg;guprpy; epjpaj;jpd; %yk; khjhkhjk; 1>000 &gh gb

Gyikg;guprpy; toq;FNtd;.

l ehl;by; cs;s xt;nthU ghlrhiyapYk; jfty; njhlu;ghly;

njhopEl;gj;ij fw;gpg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

74

tpNrl Njit cila gps;isfSf;F rpwg;ghf

l tpNrl NjitAila gps;isfspd; fy;tp cupikiacWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l ts

kj;jpa epiyak; xd;iw nfhOk;gpy; ];jhgpg;Ngd;.

l mg;gps;isfSf;fhf xt;nthU fy;tp tyag; gpuptpYk; xUtpNrl Nghjdh kj;jpa epiyaj;ij Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

l mLj;J tUk; 6 tUlq;fspy; 500 murhq;f ghlrhiyfspy;tpNrl Njit cila gps;isfSf;fhd ts kj;jpa

epiyaq;fis ];jhgpg;Ngd;.

l rfy ghlGj;jfq;fisAk; gpiuy; nkhopf;F nkhop ngau;j;Jghu;it kw;Wk; nrtpg;Gyd; mw;w gps;isfSf;fhf ghu;it

kw;Wk; nrtpg;Gyd; cgfuzq;fs; midj;ijAk; ,ytrkhf

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l mt;thwhd ghlrhiyfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; khztu;fSf;fhdkhjhe;jf; nfhLg;gdit 500 &gh tiu mjpfupg;Ngd;.

ePz;l fhyk; jq;fpapUe;J rpfpr;ir ngWk; gps;isfSf;Ffy;tp

l nfhOk;G Nyb upl;[;Nt rpWtu; M];gj;jpupapYk; k`ufkGw;WNeha; M];gj;jpupapYk; ePz;l fhykhf rpfpr;ir ngw;W

tUk; gps;isfSf;F njhluhf fy;tpia toq;fntd Rfhjhu

mikr;rpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F Vw;g> mg;gps;isfs; rpfpr;ir

ngWfpd;w ntsp khfhz M];gj;jpupfspy; ghlrhiy trjpia

Vw;gLj;jpf;; nfhLg;Ngd;.

l tPjpr; rpWtu;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;fhf elkhLk; g]; ghlrhiyxd;iw mwpKfg;gLj;JNtd;. mtu;fs; trpf;Fk;

gpuNjrq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W g]; ghlrhiyapDs; mtu;fis

tuNtw;W Fwpf;fg;gl;l Neuj;jpw;F mbg;gilf; fy;tp> fzdp

mwpT kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lf; ifj;njhopy; vd;gd njhlu;ghd

mwpit ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

75

l elkhl KbahJ xNu ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gps;isfis

ghlrhiyfSf;F mioj;Jr; nry;yntd mtuJ ngw;Nwhu;

mDgtpf;Fk; Jd;gq;fis ehd; mwpNtd;. mtu;fsJ

Ntjidfis Fiwg;gjw;fhf mt;thwhd gps;isfs; ,Uf;Fk;

tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W mtu;fSf;F fy;tpia toq;fntd 5

fpuhkq;fSf;F xU Atjp gb njupT nra;J Njitahd

gapw;rpia toq;FNtd;. Fwpj;j jFjpia ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jjd;

gpd;du; me;j AtjpfSk; Mrpupa cjtpahsu; gjtpapy;

Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtu;.

rka newpiag; ghJfhf;Fk; fy;tp

l KO MrpahTf;F mwpitg; gug;gpa kfh tpfhiuapd; kuG

cupikapd; vjpu;fhy rq;f guk;giuapdUf;fhf mu;g;gzpj;j

gpupNtdhjpgjp kfh rq;fj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gl;l khehl;by;

vd;dplk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l MNyhridfis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L Njrpa gpupntd; nfhs;ifia ehd; jahupg;Ngd;.

l ,jd;gb gpupntdhf;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;nfd rig

xd;iwAk; mjd; mgptpUj;jpfSf;fhf epjpak; xd;iwAk;

epWTNtd;.

l gpupntdhf;fspy; kw;Wk; cau;fy;tp ngWk; ,sk;

gpf;Fkhu;fSf;fhf khjhe;jk; 2>500 &ghit rka newpiaf;

fhf;Fk; khztu;fs; epjpahf ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;. ,jw;fhf

kfhnghy epjpaj;Jf;F rkkhd xU njhif toq;fg;gLk;.

tpz;izAk; fliyAk; ntw;wpnfhs;Sk; cj;jk guk;giu

ghuk;gupa Nkiyj;Nja Kiwapyhd gy;fiyf;fof fy;tpapNyNa vkJ

gy;fiyf;fof fy;tp KiwikapNyNa ngUk;ghyhNdhu; fw;Wj;

NjwpAs;sdu; vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. ,d;W vkJ ehL ngw;Ws;s

mgptpUj;jp mjdhy; ntt;NtW Jiwfspy; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; gl;ljhupfspd;

gw;whf;Fiw> Jiwrhu; njhopy;; epGzu;fspd; FiwghL vd;gd ehk;

76

Kfk;nfhLj;Js;s gpujhd gpur;rpidahFk;. mjd; fhuzj;jpdhy; vkJ

ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpia Kd;Ndhf;fp nfhz;L nry;tjw;nfd mt;thwhd

Gj;jp [Ptpfis ,e;ehl;bNyNa cUthf;Ftjw;fhf gy;fiyf;fof fy;tp

Kiwikapy; tpupthd fy;tp Kiwia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Nahridia

ehd; Kd;itf;fpd;Nwd;.

l ,e;Nehf;fj;jpd; fPo; jw;NghJs;s gy;fiyf;fofq;fis

tpupTgLj;jp 2020 MFk; NghJ tUlk; xd;Wf;F 1>00>000

khztu;fs; gy;fiyf;fof Eioitg; ngw eltbf;if

vLg;Ngd;.

l cau;juj;jpy; rpj;jp mile;j rfy khztu;fSf;Fk; cau;

fy;tp tha;g;G fpilf;fg;ngWk; tifapy; murhq;f

gy;fiyf;fof fy;Y}up Kiwikia ehl;by; ];jhgpg;Ngd;.

l gfpbtijia fle;j fhyj;NjhL khj;jpuk; tiuaWj;J

khztu;fs; Rje;jpukhf fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd

cupikiag; ghJfhg;Ngd;.

l gy;fiyf;fof Eioitg; ngWk; xt;nthU khztUf;Fk;

tpLjp trjp> Gyikg;guprpy; my;yJ epjp cjtpia ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;gij cWjpg;gLj;JNtd;.

l njupT nra;ag;gl;l 7 gy;fiyf;fofq;fis Mrpahtpy;

Kd;dzpapy; cs;s 20 gy;fiyf;fofq;fspDs;

nfhz;LtUtjw;F Njitahd Ntiyj; jpl;lk; xd;iw

jahupg;Ngd;.

l gy;fiyf;fof Nritf;fhf jdpahd Nrit ahg;G xd;iw

Vw;gLj;JNtd;.

l gy;fiyf;fof fpuhk Kiwikapd; Clhf xt;nthU

gy;fiyf;fofj;jpYk; tpupTiuahsu; gy;fiyf;fofk;

fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s ,y;yj;jpy; tho;tjw;fhd

cupikiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

77

l Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;F gy;fiyf;fof tpupTiuahsu;;fspd;

Neubg; gq;fhspg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mtu;fsJ

Muha;r;rp eltbf;iffSf;Fupa ghuhl;Lf;fis mq;Fs;s

tpupTiuahsu;fshy; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

l Njrpa gl;lg; gpd; gbg;G gy;fiyf;fofj;ij Muk;gpj;J

Gjpjhf Nritapy; Nru;fpd;w tpupTiuahsu;fSf;F ru;tNjr

nfsutj;Jld; $ba gl;lj;ij ngWtjw;fhf tha;g;ig

ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Ngd;.

cj;jk Mrpupag; guk;giuf;F

l ,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit ahg;ig 2015y;

eilKiwg;gLj;JNtd;. mjd;%yk;; Mrpupau;fSf;Fupa gjtp

cau;T kw;Wk; rk;gs mjpfupg;G Nghd;wd njhlu;ghf

,w;iwtiuAk; epytptUk; midj;Jg; gpur;rpidfisAk;

jPu;j;J itg;Ngd;.

l njhopEl;g ghlj;ij fw;gpg;gjw;fhf Njrpa fy;tp gPlk; xd;iw

jhkjk; ,d;wp Muk;gpj;J mjD}lhf 2>000 Mrpupau;fSf;F

gapw;rp mspg;Ngd;.

l rfy Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; kbf;fzpdpia

ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f eltbf;if vLg;Ngd;.

l rfy Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; Mrpupau; ifE}y;fis njhlu;ghly;

njhopEl;gj;jpd; %yk; ,yFthf ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Njitahd

eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Ntd;.

l [g;ghd;> kNyrpah> nfhupah Nghd;w ehLfspy; gapw;rp

ngWtjw;fhf tUlhe;jk; Kd;Dupikg; gl;baypd;

mbg;gilapy; Gyikg;guprpy;fis toq;FNtd;.

78

9 Nehaw;w tho;T Fiwaw;w nry;tk;nrsghf;fpaj;jpd; mbg;gilNa Nehaw;w r%fk;. 2006Mk; Mz;bypUe;J

Rfhjhuj;Jiwf;F murhq;fk; ngUe;njhifahd KjyPLfisr;

nra;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; fpuhkpa gpuNjrq;fspy;$l Rfhjhu Nrit

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NjNghd;W vQ;rpa 6 tUlq;fSf;Fs;

mgptpUj;jp mile;j ehLfSf;F

79

ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd itj;jpau;fSf;F tpNrl

gapw;rpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;fhf tpNrl %d;W tUl

gapw;rpj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Muk;gpg;Ngd;.

l Nkw;gb Gjpa mwpit gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd

cgf