Major depressive disorder and Bipolar disorder

B9902087 歐又齊B9902097 謝易穎

Major depressive disorderSymptoms and Signs

Insomnia (influence 80%) Hypersomnia (influence 15%)

Headaches Fatigue

Cause

Pressure from work Social factors

serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene serotonin transporter

serotonin

norepinephrine

dopamine

neurotransmitters

Diagnosis

Clinical assessment

DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria

Subtypes (1) Melancholic Depression(2) Atypical Depression(3) Catatonic Depression (4) Postpartum Depression(5) Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Prevention

Work Together instead of working on one’s own

Join some activities that you love

Say no to the negative thoughts

Positive thinking

Cure

To control the amount of neurotransmitters

-TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants-MAOIs, monoamine oxidase inhibitor-SSRIs, selective reuptake inhibitors-norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors-noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant

Bipolar disorder 跡象與症狀

concentration problem

Mania

Hypomanic

violent

delusions

•Bipolar disorder 的過程•ManicManic phasephase ： high self-esteem , increased energy , over talkativeness•Depressive phaseDepressive phase ： comes with lowered ability to feel pleasure, loss of motivation , sleep disturbances , and feeling of worthless

CauseGenetic ：genes related to serotonin (SLC6A4 and TPH2),

dopamine (DRD4 and SLC6A3)

Physiological ：Abnormalities in the structure and/or function of certain

brain circuits could underlie bipolar. A general reduction of brain volume and anatomically specific differences in areas such as the prefrontal cortex and the globus pallidus are most commonly found

Environmental

Bipolar disorder 藥物治療

Lithium( 鋰鹽 )Divalproex Sodium(Depakote) CarbamazepineSeroquel Zyprexa

DiagnosisCriteria and subtypes

Bipolar I disorder 、 Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymia 、 Bipolar Disorder NOS

Rapid cycling ： is a course specifier that may be applied to any of the above subtypes.

Differential diagnosis ： Many mental disorders involve similar symptoms to bipolar disorder.

Challenges ： Not easy to be understood and recognized

Prognosis

Functioning Recovery and recurrence Mortality

1/3 people with bipolar disorder report past attempts of suicide or complete it,and the annual average suicide rate is 0.4%, which is 10 to 20 times that of the general population

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorderhttp://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/bipolar_c.htmlhttp://www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-md01.html

參考資料