Mamma and perineum

乳房和会阴

Ⅰ.Mamma 乳房

The mamma is present in both male and female. However the mamma of male does not develop. So we just talk about the mamma of female.

The mammary glands begin to develop and grow rapidly at puberty. During pregnancy and lactation, they are developing and secreting milk to nourish newborn baby.

(1) The location and features of mamma

Areolar gland 乳晕腺

mamma

Areola of breast 乳晕

nipple 乳头

(2)The structure of mamma

The mamma is composed of skin, subcutaneous fat, connective tissue and mammary gland.

nipple

Areola of breast

Skin of mamma

adipose tissue

of breastLobule

of mammary gland

Lactiferous duct

Lactiferous sinus

Areolar gland

乳头

乳晕

乳晕腺 乳腺小叶

输乳管

输乳管窦

乳房脂肪体乳房皮肤

nipple

Sagittal section of female mamma

adipose tissue of breast

Lobule of mammary gland

Lactiferous duct

Lactiferous sinus

Pectoralis major

intercostales

Orifice of Lactiferous

duct

Suspensory lig. of breast

Fascia of Pectoralis m

ajor

胸大肌

胸大肌筋膜

乳腺小叶

输乳管

输乳管窦

乳头孔

乳头

乳房脂肪体

乳房悬韧带

Ⅱ.Perineum 会阴1. The conception of pe

rineum

The perineum has broad and narrow senses of perineum. The broad sense of perineum means the all soft tissues that close the inferior orifice of the pelvis. The perineum in anatomy is the broad sense of perineum.

The narrow sense of perineum means the soft tissue structure between the external genital organs of female and anus, it is also called obstetrical perineum ( 产科会阴 ).

2.The parts of perineum

(1)Urogenital triangle

(2)Anal triangle

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

Ischial tuberosity

Broad sense of perineum

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

Ischial tuberosity

Broad sense of perineum

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

Ischial tuberosity

Broad sense of perineum

尿生殖三角

肛三角

坐骨节结

广义会阴

Vaginal vestibuleOrifice of

vagina

anus

Lesser lip of pudendum

Orifice of urethra

clitoris

Narrow sense of perineum

(obstetrical perineum)

Narrow sense of perineum

产科会阴

阴道口

肛门狭义会阴 ( 产科会

阴 )

ischiocavernosus

Levator ani

Sphincter ani externus

Gluteus maximus

Superficial transverse m. of

perineum

anus

bulbocavernosus

Ischial tuberosity

Perineal central tendondeep transverse m. of

perineum

Ischioanal fossa

坐骨海绵体肌

肛提肌

肛门外括约肌

臀大肌

会阴浅横肌

肛门

球骨海绵体肌

会阴深横肌

坐骨结节

会阴中心腱

ischiocavernosus

Levator ani

Sphincter ani externus

Gluteus maximus

Superficial transverse m. of

perineum

anus

Ischial tuberosity

Perineal central tendonInferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Ischioanal fossa

Sphincter of vagina

Bulb of vestibul

e

ischiocavernosus

Levator ani

Sphincter ani externus

Gluteus maximus

Superficial transverse m. of

perineum

anus

Ischial tuberosity

Perineal central tendonInferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Ischioanal fossa

Bulb of vestibule

Vaginal vestibuleOrifice of

vagina

hymenLesser lip of

pudentumOrifice of urethra

Greater vestibular gland

Head of clitoris

Bulb of vestibule

Orifice of greater vestibular gland

阴道口尿道口

坐骨结节

坐骨海绵体肌

阴道括约肌

会阴浅横肌

肛提肌

臀大肌肛门外括约肌 肛门

Levator ani

Superior fascia of pelvic

diaphragm

Ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa

rectum

inferior fascia of pelvic

diaphragm

Anal canal

Obturator internusInternal pudendal a

rtery and veinSphincter ani externus

肛提肌

盆膈上筋膜

盆膈下筋膜

坐骨肛门窝

闭孔内肌

直肠

肛门外括约肌 阴部管

阴部内动静脉

Levator ani

Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm

rectum

Urethra of male

Obturator internus

coccygeus

piriformis

hiatus of pelvic diaphragm

肛提肌

尾骨肌

梨状肌

闭孔内肌

直肠

肛提肌腱弓

盆膈上筋膜

男尿道盆膈裂孔

Deep transverse muscle of perineum

pelvic diaphragm

Ischioanal fossaSuperior fascia of urog

enital diaphragm

Superficial fascia of perineum

Obturator internus

inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Bulb of urethra

肛提肌

盆膈下筋膜

盆膈上筋膜

尿生殖膈下筋膜

尿生殖膈上筋膜

会阴深横肌

坐骨肛门窝

尿道球会阴浅隙 浅会阴筋膜

vagina

Orifice of

vagina

Levator ani

Deep transverse muscle of perineum

Superior fascia of pelvic

diaphragm

Ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa

Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Superficial fascia of perineum

urerus

阴道

尿生殖膈上筋膜会阴深横肌

尿生殖膈下筋膜

坐骨肛门窝

前庭球

浅会阴筋膜会阴浅隙

阴道口 阴道前庭

The pelvic diaphragm ( 盆膈 ) is formed by the levator ani, coccygeus together with the superior and inferior fasciae of pelvic diaphragm.

The ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa( 坐骨肛门窝 ) is located between anus and ischial tuberosity. The lateral wall of the fossa is formed by obturator internus and the fascia of obturator, the medial wall is formed by the levator ani and

inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm. The anterior boundary of the fossa is the posterior border of urogenital diaphragm, the posterior boundary is the inferior border of gluteus maximus.

The urogenital diaphragm ( 尿生殖膈 ) is formed by the deep transverse muscle of perineum, sphincter of urethra together with the superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm.