Manual 13-9-11 Definitivo

7/29/2019 Manual 13-9-11 Definitivo

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BASIC STAGE

BY PAULINO ARREDONDO ORDENES

English Instructor

First edition DDI 209243


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British English Handbook Basic Stage.

Foreword

BASIC BRITISH ENGLISH has its origin in the southern chileanislanders need of communication with the foreign visitors who

join us every year.

The Chilo Islands offer the foreigners a great opportunity toexplore our native forest finding the exuberant vegetation and

wildlife that Charles Darwin described in 1834 after his stepsby Chile.

Its our duty to take advantage of this moment creating facilities forthe foreigners to have a pleasant and profitable stay.

With good results the visitors may come back and alsorecommend their friends to do the same wonderful travel.

This incipient edition is constructed for adult students that want toremember their knowledge, so, the constant practice ofreading, speaking and writing will be the method.

This Handbook teaches you how to communicate with simplegrammar and vocabulary considering either the street Englishspoken and the one used in formal occasions.

Lets start working then. You are welcome.

God save my relatives, friends and my pupils.

Paulino


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Contents

Personal, possessive, genitive, demonstrative, reflexive and

reciprocal pronouns.

Definite and indefinite articles.

Place, time and directions prepositions.

Quantifier and countable nouns.

Adjectives

General use of verbs and the short forms.

Continuous verb tenses.

Present simple tense.

Present continuous tense

Imperative sentences

Numbers dates and time.

Cardinal and ordinal numbers.

Construction of sentences .

Construction of speeches.


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I yo I am a doctor Yo soy doctor

You tYou are anurse

T eresenfermera

He l He is a turist l es un turista

She ella She is pretty. Ella es linda

It ello (neutro)It is cloudytoday.

Hoy estnublado

We nosotros We are boredNosotrosestamos

aburridos

Youvosotros,ustedes

You are hungryVosotros estishambrientos

They ellos, ellasThey are at thecinema.

Ellos estn enel cine.


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Me m

Can you

help me?

Puedes

ayudarme?

You A ti I can help you. Puedo ayudarte

Him a lCan youhelp him?

Le puedesayudar?

Her a ella Give it to her. Dselo a ella.

It a ello Give it a bone Dale un hueso.

Us a nosotrosCan youhelp us?

Nos puedesayudar?

You a vosotros I can helpyou.

Les puedoayudar

Them a ellos/ellasHe canhelp them.

l les puedeayudar.


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En ingls no existe diferencia entre los pronombres "usted" Y"ustedes" los que son ms formales para nosotros; se usa elpronombre YOU para ambos.

FORMA NEUTRA,

Los pronombres en ingls distinguen entre masculino (he),femenino (she) y neutro (it), tal y como se muestra en la tablade pronombres.

El pronombre personal "it" se usa cuando nos referimos acosas, animales, fechas, horas y clima. Una de lascaractersticas que los diferencian, es que se usan en palabraso sustantivos sin calificacin femenina ni masculina, salvoalgunas excepciones.

Examples

Where is it? = Where is the book?

It is eating the food? = the cat is eating the food.

It is cold to day = the weatheris cold to day

T: ______________________________________________

T:______________________________________________

T: ______________________________________________
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronom.php


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FUNCIONES

Los pronombres personales, se distinguen dependiendo de si

estn en funcin del sujeto o en funcin del objeto.

EL PRONOMBRE EN FUNCIN DE SUJETO.

En este caso el sujeto ser la primera persona

Sentence subject translate

I am angry I ____________________________

You are a student you __________________________

My mother is at home my mother_____________________

My brother is at school my brother_____________________

We are at the stadium We __________________________

She is reading a book She___________________________

SPELLING PRACTICES*

El PRONOMBRE EN FUNCIN DEL OBJETO


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Este pronombre se coloca despus del verbo al que complementay, despus de preposiciones como for, to, with, at. Se dice enfuncin del objeto porque se da a conocer a quien le afecta la

accin.

Mark the subject and the object. Translate and speak :

I can help you_________________________________________

Can you see him? ____________________________________

May I help you? _____________________________________

I want to study with you_________________________________

He is talking with her____________________________________

She is calling you______________________________________

They are playing with us_______________________________

__________________________________________________

Indicate the subject, object and preposition

Complete, Translate and speak


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We are . the stadium__________________________

They went . France______________________________

I wentQuelln____________________________

He is dancing..your sister_________________________

It is waiting.. them_____________________________

It is running the cat_____________________________

He is going to the party .. us________________________

Construct short related sentences

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

estos funcionan como adjetivos y no llevan artculo antes.


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My mi, misThisis my house.

est es micasa

Your tu, tus Thisis your book.

este es tu libro

His su, susThisis his bicycle.

est es subicicleta

Her su, sus This is her dress.este es suvestido

Its su, sus This is its collar este es sucollar

Ournuestro/anuestros/as

These are oursuitcases.

estas sonnuestrasmaletas

Your

vuestro/a,vuestros/as,su,sus

These are your

seats.

Estos son susasientos

Their su, susThese are theirbooks.

Estos son suslibros

El pronombre cambia de forma para enfatizar la posesin.


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Mine Mio / s, ma / sThis book

is mine

este libro es

mio

Yours Tuyo /s tuya/s,Is this bookyours?

este libro estuyo?

Hissuyo/s, suya/s This bicycle

is his.la bicicleta del

Herssuyo/s, suya/s The dress

is hers.

el vestido de

ella

Its

Oursnuestro/s,nuestra/s

The suitcasesare ours.

Yoursvuestro / os,

vuestra / as,

These seats

are yours.

Estos sonasientos son

suyos

Theirssuyo/a,suyos/as

This book istheirs.

este libro esde ellos

Como podemos apreciar en la tabla, los pronombres posesivosvaran segn la primera persona


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speak and translate

His bike is red Her bike is white

My house is small ..

Theirhouse is small

My desk is big

Your bus goes to Cucao..

Our bus goes to Quemchi.

Its name is Pluto..

Our country is Finland.

Her country is France.

Construct sentences changing the form

..............................

...............................

El pronombre reemplaza a los artculos determinativos


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Gramaticlmente funciona como un artculo determinativo delsustantivo que acompaa, por lo tanto siempre va en primeraposicin dentro de la oracin:

My caris blue

His house is big

El genitivo, se refiere a la procedencia de tal o cual persona,

animal o cosa. Se designa con un apstrofe y luego la letra S.

As podemos decir:

Her dress... Andrea 's dress

En ambos casos expresamos un poseedor (HER) y un posedo

(VESTIDO)

Al decir HER DRESS los interlocutores se refieren a la mismapersona.

En el segundo caso el que habla da a conocer el nombre delposeedor.Siempre utilizamos el genitivo para referirnos a personas.


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mark the possessor and possessed, speak and translate

Possessor possessed

Paul's house... Paulhouse.Mary's bike.

Dianas car.

Joels cat.

Pablos helmet.

Cuando nos referirnos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos lapreposicin OF

The wheel OF the bike.

The islands OF Chilo..

The roofOF the house

The capital of Castro.

.

Podemos usar el genitivo al final de una oracin queacostumbra a ser la respuesta a una pregunta anterior. Enestos casos no necesitamos el nombre.


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Speak and translate

Question Answer & Speak

Where is your sister? She is at Joels house

Whose house is this? It is Joel `s

What food are you eating ? I`m eating Diana`s food

Wish.

Whose..

Cuando el nombre del poseedor termina en una S, comoLuis, el genitivo se aade a final pero, slo aadiendo elapstrofe:

question answer

Whose is this house this is Luis' house

Whose car is this this is Carlos Car

Question answer

Whose horse is that ?______________________________

Whose store is this ? ________________________________


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Los pronombres demostrativos pueden estar en singular o plural yhacer referencia a su posicin. Sustituyen al nombre en lugar deacompaarlo.

Speak and translate

I like this orange ______________________________________

I like those oranges____________________________________

These pencils are not mine______________________________

Those pencils are not mine______________________________

She painted this wall___________________________________

She painted that wall___________________________________

______birds go to Huillinco /_____________________________

You can borrow _______ horses_/_________________________

I always lend ________ horse_/___________________________

Your own examples :


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(Bird)_______________________________________________

(Persons)____________________________________________

(Clams)______________________________________________

(Mussel)______________________________________________

(Fish)________________________________________________

(Water)_______________________________________________

Podemos usarlos al presentarnos a otra persona por telfono.Hello, this is Melisa_____________________________________

Hello, who is that? ______________________________________

Good morning, this is Pedro from the Hotel, May I help you?

______________________________________________________

Cuando no estamos seguros de con quin estamos hablando alotro lado de una puerta, o en penumbras..

Juan, is that you? _____________________________________

Who is this ?_________________________________________


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Who is around there?__________________________________

Cuando presentamos a personas:

Mary, this is my friend Pedro_____________________________

That is the car driver___________________________________

This is a good place to visit______________________________

These are the horses___________________________________

Para relatar algo que pas:

That pizza was delicious________________________________

That summer was too hot_______________________________

Those restaurants were closed___________________________

This________________________________________________

These______________________________________________

Myselfyo mismo, ami mismo

I cleaned itfor myself.

Lo lav parami mismo


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Yourselft mismo, a timismo

You made it byyourself

Lo fabricastetu mismo

Himself l mismo, a simismo

He cooked ithimself.

El mismo lococin

Herselfella misma, asi misma

She did it herself.Lo hizo ellamisma.

Itselfl mismo, asmismo

The seagull got itby itself

La gaviotacogi eso porsi misma

Ourselvesnosotrosmismos

We made itourselves.

Lo hicimosnosotrosmismos.

Yourselvesvosotrosmismos

Did you paint thehouse yourselves?

Pintaron lacasavosotrosmismos?

Themselves ellos mismosThey speak tothemselves

Ellos hablanconsigomismo.

Los pronombres reflexivos se usan cuando el sujeto y elcomplemento del verbo son lo mismo. Da a entender algunacapacidad de hacer algo para si mismo

Speak and translate


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I did it myself__________________________________________

She talks to herself_____________________________________

We wrote it ourselves__________________________________

They________________________________________________

He__________________________________________________

The dog scratches ____________

The baby has the milk _________________________________

We are ______________________________________________

My mother is__________________________________________

My neighbour cleans the garden__________________________

His boss the letters _____________________

Conjuntamente con 'by' expresan la idea de que algo se hizo sinayuda.

Fill the missing word

______repaired the TV by himself.


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T:

_____cooked their lunch by herself.

T:

The painter is sick, _____ painted the house ourselves.

T:

My watch is spoiled, I am going ti fix it ____________.

T:

The dog found the food ________

T:

She made the dress by________

T:

Estos pronombres se forman con las palabras EACH OTHEREste caso se distingue por la actuacin de dos sujetos hablandouno al otro,


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Speak and translate :

Diana and Joel call each otherevery month.

____________________________________________________

The students talk to each otherin the classroom

____________________________________________________

The boxers are beating each other.

____________________________________________________

We love each other.

__________________________________________________Pablo and his brothers help each other

___________________________________________________

Write some examples, speak and translate

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Designa a una persona o cosa concreta.

USOS


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El artculo THE lo usamos cuando hablamos de un nombregeogrfico como ros, mares, cordilleras, islas, etc. nombres deobjetos con nombre propio como barcos, hoteles,

publicaciones, etc.

The Pacific Ocean, the Skorpios II

The Andes, the Esmeralda Hotel,

Speak and translate

_____ Cucao Lake is not so far from Castro

__________________________________________________

_____ Estrella newspaper has local news

__________________________________________________

The water of _____ Pacific Ocean is too cold

__________________________________________________

.

She likes _____ Esmeralda Hotel to overnight.

___________________________________________________

In winter ______ Andes is full of snow.

____________________________________________________


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The longest river of ____ World is _____ Amazon River.

____________________________________________________

The apples are mixed with _______ oranges.

I want ____ cup of tea

___________________________________________________

She wants to smoke the a cigarette

___________________________________________________

He wants to buy the a milcao

___________________________________________________

Diana wants to buy the an apple

___________________________________________________

OMISIONESSe omite el artculo THE

con nombres propios que se reemplazan por el ttulo, como


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Mr. Mrs. Miss. Dr. King, etc:

The Mr. Brown The Dr. Gonzlez

The King Arthur The Miss Diana

Tampoco se usa con pases , calles, ciudades

The England The Blanco Street

The New York The Castro

Ni con das, meses, horas, aos, colores, y comidas diarias

To day is THE Tuesday.

Diana wants to come on THE December.

Joel was born on THE 1960.

THE green is the color of my football team.

My sister has THE blue eyes

I have THE lunch at noon.

En algunas conjugaciones no se usa con algunas

instituciones pblicas como school, hospital,.

She goes to THE school

He is in THE hospital ( cuando est hospitalizado)

En actividades de entretenimiento, deportes, oficios,


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I study THE medecine

Diana likes to play THE baseball

Joel goes THE fishing in autumn

We play THE chess.

Complete and translate

I couldn't hear him because of _____ noise of the jet

_________________________________________________

I think _____ guitar is the best instrument to play.

_________________________________________________

What is ____ name of this country?

_________________________________________________

Can you tell me____ time?

____________________________________________________

Your brother has* _____ brown eyes and *_____ blonde hair

____________________________________________________


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We play *____ football with our friends on saturday

____________________________________________________

She likes *_____ swimming in the new pool of _____Castro

____________________________________________________

How much does ___ lunch cost?

____________________________________________________

You can find _____ cat on _____ roof

___________________________________________________

_____water of ____lake Huillinco is a bit warmer in summer

___________________________________________________

_____ most important place to visit in in Chilo is Dalcahue.

____________________________________________________

OTROS USOS DEL ARTICULO DETERMINADO

Las preposiciones OF o TO pueden preceder al artculo;

OF como posesin y TO como direccin

Fill the empty lines, translate and speak

The months ofthe year ___________________________________


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The hairofthe dog _______________________________________

I am going tothe seaside _________________________________

Diana will go ___the hospital with her mother tomorrow

______________________________________________________

They are going ____the stadium ____________________________

______________________________________________________

The water ____the Maule river is cold ______________________

______________________________________________________

The trees _____the country side __________________________

______________________________________________________

Write your own examples IN SPANISH translate and speak

Joel >___________________________________________

T:

Diana >_________________________________________

T:

Camila >_________________________________________


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T:

Pablo >__________________________________________

T:

Andrea >__________________________________________

T:

Carola >___________________________________________

T:

The > _____________________________________________T:

The > _____________________________________________

T:

Para hacer referencia a ubicaciones como

Right, Left, Top, Bottom y a los puntos cardinalesNorth,

South, East, West

Complete, translate and speak

Every year many people come to the southofChile


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_________________________________________________

The house on the left is my grandmother`s

__________________________________________________The flag is at the top of the building

__________________________________________________

The bus stop is on the right hand side

__________________________________________________

You can find clams at the bottom of the sea

___________________________________________________

Arica

__________________________________________________

Right

__________________________________________________

Con los adjetivos que enfatizan la cualidad del sustantivocomo por ejemplo los superlativos, y, con nmerosordinales

The tallest building

The tallest building of New York is The Empire StateT: ______________________________________________

The fastest train

The japanese train is the fastet of the world


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T: ______________________________________________

The first time

The first time I met Diana was in a trip to DalcahueT: ______________________________________________

The seventh floor

Pablo`s office is on the seventh floor of the building

T: ______________________________________________

The smallest

The smallest marsupial of Chile lives in Chilo

T:______________________________________________

The longest

The longest river of the world is the Amazonas

T:

Construct examples:

The first

__________________________________________________

T:________________________________________________

The second

__________________________________________________

T: ________________________________________________

The last


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__________________________________________________

T:________________________________________

The smallest

__________________________________________________

T:________________________________________________

The best

__________________________________________________

T:________________________________________________

The largest

___________________________________________________

T:_________________________________________________

OMISIONES

Cuando hablamos de algo en forma general.

I like ice cream. I like the ice cream

Chemistry is difficult. The chemistry is difficult

Climbing is a hard sport. The climbing is a hard sport

Cooking is an interesting activity. The Cooking is..

Give some examples, translate and speak

I like ______________________________________________


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__________________________________________________

_________ is an amazing job they do.

__________________________________________________

Diana does`t rent ___________________________________

__________________________________________________

The fishermen always ________________________________

__________________________________________________

German people is famous _____________________________

__________________________________________________

Los trminos A y An

A se utiliza con nombres que comienzan en consonante.

A clam , a crab, a fish, a bird,

An se usa con nombres que comienzan con vocal.

An animal, an apple , an airport , an umbrella


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Complete , translate and speak

Diana is going to by _____ car next week__________________________________________________

I would like to have _____ pear for dessert

______________________________________________

___ Desert is a dry place plenty of sand and without water

______________________________________________

Joel caught _____ anguila in Guaitecas last summer

______________________________________________

The director of the film needs ____ actressT:

Galvarino Riveros was ____ Admiral born in Curaco de Vlez

T:

Seagull

__________________________________________________

T:

Curanto

__________________________________________________

T:

ALGUNAS EXCEPCIONES


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Se usa A antes de las palabras que comienzan por la letras U.

A UniversitySon muy pocas las palabras que usan AN y comienzan conconsonante, por ejemplo

Anhour Anherb of An honour

Anhonest man Anheir

Estos son casos en que la H no se pronuncia

Los artculos indeterminados se utilizan para hablar de algnsustantivo comn general sin distinciones especiales

I spend an hour* to get to Ancud. (starts with H) *T:

We work in auniversity * all the year round (starts with U) *

T:

The kid should go to the sea side with anadult

T:

There is ________________ in this restaurant


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T:

She takes a _____________ every morning.

T:

They have _______________________________________

T:

Note that a university, an hour and an adult dont specify thename, profession, origin, etc.

A o AN se pueden usar en vez de 1 (una unidad)

I want an apple and two oranges. (one apple)

T:

There are a hundred persons on the street. (One hundred)

T:

Girl_____________________________________________________

T:

Avocado

_____________________________________________________


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T:

Engineer

_____________________________________________________T:

Orange

_____________________________________________________

T:

Million

_____________________________________________________

T:

Para hablar del oficio de alguien, o alguna ideologa

A journalist went to Achao to take pictures.

T:

Our friend Mohamed lives in Turkey and he is aMuslim.

T:

Carolina lives in Dalcahue, she is a _________________________

T:

Pablo______________________________________________________

T:

Architect

______________________________________________________


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T:

An >

______________________________________________________T:

A >

___________________________________________________

T :

Existen preposiciones de lugar, movimiento o tiempo.

Hay expresiones que simplemente tendremos que memorizar.Esto se logra practicando lectura y redaccin.

Las preposiciones pueden servir de enlace entre dos palabras odistintos elementos en la oracin

Ex. I'll see you at five o'clock

Pueden acompaar a un verbo sirviendo de enlace a sucomplemento. En este caso, pueden no alterar el significadodel verboo alterarlo con lo que constituyen una palabra distinta.


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To look Mirar (no altera)To look after Cuidar de (se altera el significado del verbo)

To go irTo go on continuar

To close cerrarClose to cerca de

IN / AT / ON

Son los ms comunes. Se usan para indicarlugar o tiempo.

IN

Para indicar espacios cerrados y abiertos, (lugar). Para indicarque algo est dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en elinterior de algo. Tambin se utiliza para indicar que se est en unlugar geogrfico.

Complete, translate and speakI live in Castro near the supermarket.

T:____________________________________________

The cat is sleeping in the brown box.


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T:____________________________________________

I found your address in the phone book.

T:_____________________________________________

My parents are

T:_____________________________________________

We were waiting for you in __________________________

T:______________________________________________

The secretary is ___________ office.T:______________________________________________

INCon meses, aos, pocas, momentos del da, y perodos detiempo.

We went to Santiago in May.

T:

I always run in the morning.

T:

I see him in ______________ every Sunday.


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T:

She was born ...____________________________________

T:It s too cold ______________________ in Chilo.

T:

I`m going to meet you______________________________

T:

AT

en, a, al, cerca de, con contactodirecto

AT se refiere a la ubicacin en un punto determinado,

Se usa en diferentes conjunciones verbales y se escribe

Antes del lugar, ex. Casa, aeropuerto, universidad, parte dearriba de.


He is at home every Saturday afternoon.T:

I always visit my sisterat work.

T:

We never play cards at the table.

T:

The flag is at the top of the building


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T:

The clams are ________bottom of __________ .

T:You can find the teacher ______________ tomorrow

T:

AT

Antes de la hora, eventos o momentos.

Joel has breakfast every morning at 6 oclock.

T:

We will see them at Christmas.

T:

The bus to Ancud leaves at 8 o`clock.

T:

The bank opens ___________________________

T:

The last bus to Dalcahue leaves ___________________

T:

Ill meet you at the end of the party


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T:

The football players get a showerat the end of the game

T:The singers ____________________ folkloric festival now.

T:

ON

Sobre, encima de algo, con contacto directo.Antes de nombres de lugares con base y superficies comomesas, suelos, techo, pared, piso de un edificio, en un medio detransporte .


Your coffee is on the table.

T:

Your father has a picture of his aunt on the wall.

T:

Hello Diana, it`s Joel calling you, am travelling on the bus now.

T:

Her apartment is on the second floor.

T:


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The passengers are on ______________ now

T:

The Curanto is cooked ___________________T:

ON

Con fechas, das, meses, celebraciones.

She went to Puyehue on the first of May.

T:

He plays babyfootball on Monday afternoon.

T:

I will visit Pablo ____ ____ birthday.

T:

I was born in _____________ ______1965.

T:We will finish the classes on November.

T:

All these students go to church______ _____________.


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T:

The folkloric festival of Dalcahue is ___________________

T:

NEXT TO or BESIDE = al lado de, junto a.

Se colocan despus del verbo principal, generalmente TO BE

en cualquiera de los tiempos presente, pasado, o futuro, en

sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.

Next to y beside se pueden usar indistintamente a libre

eleccin,


The supermarket is next to the school

The supermarket is ___________the School

__________________________________________________

The dog stayed beside its master all night.

The dog stayed _________ its master all night__________________________________________________

There is a woman standing __________your car.

There is a woman standing next to your car


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_________________________________________________

Diana sat beside me without speaking.

Diana sat __________ me without speaking.

T:.

They have built a beautiful house beside the lake

They have built a beautiful house ____________ the lake

T:

The horse _______________next to __________________

The horse _______________ ________________________

T:

Diana likes to be beside me when we are in a meeting

Diana likes to be_________ me when we are in a meeting

T:

House > ________________next to __________________

T:

_______________________beside___________________.

T:


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BY

Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a

Los contextos son parecidos a next to pero el significado de by seusa ms para referirse a algo o alguien que est cerca oalrededor de.

The dog was lying asleep by the fire.

T:

Our house is by the river

T:

I left my umbrella and my shoes by the door

T:

Joel leads his horses to drink water ___________________

T:

Tambin para describir el medio de locomocin que usamos

When I travel by plane I sit by the window

T:

We want to travel to Santiago_________________________.T:


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BETWEEN

Entre dos objetos o personas.

The shop is between the bank and the bus station.

T:

She is standing between Joel and Pablo.T:

The house ___ ___________ the tree and the river

T:

The car is between those two buses

T:

The city Council is between the museum and the crafts exhibition

T:

The police station ___ _______ the school and _____________

T:

Piruquina ___ ___________ _________ and ________________

T:

The picture you are looking for is between pages four and five

T:


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BEHIND Detrs de

The park is behind the school.

He is standing behind you.

When we are in the classroom Joel sits behind Diana

T:

When I go to the park with my dog it _____ ______ ___

T:In the car

___________________________________________________

T:

The tree

___________________________________________________

T:

The wall

___________________________________________________

T:

The horse race

___________________________________________________

T:


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IN FRONT OF vs OPPOSITE ubicaciones

The mall is in frontofthe station.

The mall is opposite the station

T:

The store is in frontofthe market.

The store is opposite the market

T:

She is standing in front ofyou.T:

She is sitting opposite you.

T:

I am

__________________________________________________

T:

You are

__________________________________________________

T:

The boat

__________________________________________________


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UNDER - BELOW bajo, debajo, sin contacto.

The eraser is underthe chair

The eraser is below the chair

T:

The sheep is grazing underthose tall trees

T

The boat is underthe palafito

T:

The divers catch the clams underwater

T:

Can you see that __________ ________ ____ clouds?

T:

The cat is ________________below ______ tableT:

Curanto_____________________________________________

T:

The shoes

_____________________________________________________

ABOVE OVER por encima, sobre de, sin contacto.


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The roof is above the floor

The roof is overthe floor.The plane is flying _______ the clouds

T:

Castro is 328, 08 feet _________ the sea level

T:

To avoid the rain we use an _________ _________ ________

T:

What`s the name of those leaves ________ ____ Curanto?

T:

Hut____________________________________________________

T:

The second floor____________________________________________________

T:

Over > ______________________________________________

T:

BEFORE antes, antes de.

Despus de verbos, nombres o sustantivos.


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Letter A is before letter B

Im going to buy the newspaperbefore going homeT:

They arrived at Castro before us.

T:

The famous Dalcahue Festival is _________ _____ __________

T

Is there any ___________ ___________ Achao?

T:

Diana _______________________________________________

T:

Pablo _______________________________________________

T:

Carola ______________________________________________

T:

Camila _____________________________________________

T:

AFTER despus, despus de,

Se coloca despus de verbos, nombres o sustantivos.


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Letter B is afterletter a

We will see you afterthe game.

T:My wife ironed my trousers afterwashing them

T:

Its not advisable to go swimming afterlunch

T:

Is there any activity _________ __________ ______________ ?

T:

It`s advisable to drink some _______ _______ ____________

T:

Dinner

__________________________________________________

T:TV news

__________________________________________________

T:

DURING


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During + sustantivo: seala el momento durante el cual se

desarrolla la accin, NO la duracin de sta. Indica un periodo

de tiempo que tiene nombre propio.

I was sleepy during the concert

I just rested during my winter holidays

T:

Dont talk to the driverduring the trip.

T:I dont like to watch television during the day.

T:

Diana likes to _______ _________ ________ a trip

T:

Are there enough policemen in Castro ________ ____ ______ ?

T:

Football game_________________________________________________

T:

TV program

________________________________________________?

T:

FOR


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For + (periodo de tiempo): describe la duracin temporal deuna accin.

I lived in London fortwo yearsT:

You can enjoy our festival fortwo days

T:

Hi`s been sick for three weeks

T:

We have a real summer in Chilo forone month

T:

The bus

___________________________________________________

T:

Earth

___________________________________________________T:

Visitors

___________________________________________________

T:

For se usa tambin para referirse al destino de algo


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I bought a gift forDiana on her birthday

T:

They always invite us to have dinnerforChristmasT:

Will you be in Chile for the New Year party?

T:

Diana writes a beautiful poem for Joel

T:

People

________________________________________________________T:

Flour

____________________________________________________

T:

Meat

___________________________________________________

T:

Lettuce

___________________________________________________

T:

WHILE mientras


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I will play while you read

T:

He cooked the lunch while we were studying.T:

Please hold the child while I buy the bread.

T:

Pablo was singing while ________ ________ _______ _______

T:

He is going to ride the horse _________ you _______ _________

T:Listen

____________________________________________________

T:

Sleep

____________________________________________________

T:

Tomatoes

____________________________________________________

T:

Preposiciones de direccin o movimiento

TO hacia. a..


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Despus de los verbos de movimiento como ir, venir, volver,caminar, volar,

They come to Castro very often.

Joel flew to Santiago this morning.

T:

I `m going to wash my car this Saturday

T:

Pablo was _________to the office at that time

T:

Train

_________________________________________________

T:

Letter

_________________________________________________

T:Office

_________________________________________________

T:

Proposiciones ms usadas


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about alrededor de, sobre

above por encima de

after detrs de, despus de

among entre (tres o ms)

at en, junto a

before antes de, delante de

behind detrs de

below debajo de

beneath debajo de

beside junto a

between entre (dos o ms)but excepto, pero

by por, junto a

down hacia abajo

except excepto

for para, por, durante, desde hace


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from de, desde

in en, dentro de

into en, adentro

like como, igual a

near cerca de

of de

off de (alejndose), fuera de

on en, sobre

over por encima de, al otro lado

since desde

through a travs de

throughout por todo

till = until hasta

to a, hasta, hacia

under por debajo de up hacia arriba

upon (poniendo) sobre, encimawith con

without sin


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Los nombres se usan para referirse a personas, animales, cosas,objetos, eventos, lugares o ideas abstractas. La gran mayora notienen gnero.

teacher , dog ,knife ,table, fork ,house, happiness

Los plurales

A la mayora de nombres se les agrega sencillamente una S alfinal para formar el plural.

Camera / cameras pen / pens

House / houses car / cars

Bird / birds mussel / mussels

Boat / boats girl / girls

Duck / ducks coin / coins

I have a coin in my pocket

I have ten coins in my pocket

Excepciones:


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Palabras que terminan en consonante + Y

y cambia a i + es

+

party / parties

city / cities

dirty / dirties

A lady called me this morning, she wants to know meTwo ______ ______________________________

T:

There is a party in Castro tonight so I will go with the lady.

There are two parties in castro tonight ____________________

T:

The baby cried all the night round

The babies cried all the night roundT:

A lorry is carryng salmon from Quelln

Two _______ ________________________________________

T:

Palabras que terminan en vocal +Y aadimos una S


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boy / boys day / daystoy / toys way / ways

I have to finish the work in one day

I have to finish the work in ________________

T:

I went to Arica last winter and spent two days

T:

Diana has only one way to solve the problem

T:

There are two _________ to get to Dalcahue

T:

Boy

__________________________________________________

T:

Toy

__________________________________________________

T:


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Hero / heroes

There were many heroes in the Pacific War.

T:

brush / brushes

She has two brushes to clean her teeth

T:

watch / watchesHow many watches do you have to be sold?

T:

box / boxes

I sent to Santiago fourboxes with 120 wool bonnets

T:

Fox / foxes

___________________________________________________

T:

Bus / buses

Puerto Montt

___________________________________________________

T:

Palabras que terminan en F o FE Cambia a VES


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leaf / leaveswife / wives

I need a sharp knife to cut a piece of that nice roast lamb

She will bring enough __________ for us.

Pleasebring a loafof bread to us

We need you to bring some ________of bread for the barbecue

A calfwas born this morning at Pablo`s farm

There are some _______ grazing under those trees

Its essential to keep the life of this animal

In Chilo we keep the LIVES of our environment

( THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW EXCEPTIONS)

Irregular Plural Nouns

Sustantivos que se pluralizan de un modo irregular.Hay dos tipos

Cuando el singular y plural son iguales

Singular Plural


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fish fish fishes

sheep sheep sheepscod cod codes

deer deer deers

No existe regla que se pueda seguir. Es necesario simplementememorizar.

Man men

Woman women

Child children

Person people

Tooth teeth

Mouse mice

Indican cantidades.

Utilizamos los cuantificadores para expresar la idea de cantidad onmero


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Existen los contables, incontables.Son repuestas a la pregunta Cuntos? o Cunto?

Some algunos / asSe refiere a una cantidad indefinida. Se usa en frasesafirmativas e interrogativas.

Leave us some apples

T:

Dont worry; I have some money to pay the taxi

T:Would you like some milk in your coffee?

T:

Pablo has some British friends at the university

T:

Wine?

A little, un poco

Little, poco

con sustantivos incontables singulares que no tienen pluralTea, sugar, coffee, water

I always drink a littlewine for lunch.

T:


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Do you have a littlesalt left?

T:

There is a littlesnow on the mountainsT:

With a littlehelp of my friends. (Joe Coker)

T:

Money

The car has _________ _______ so can not go up the hill

T:

Flour

T:

Love

____________________________________________________

T:

A few unos pocos

Few pocos

Con sustantivos contables en plural

In fact I have just a fewbooks at home

T:

There are a few flamencos at this moment


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T:

The bus will not leave because there are fewpersons

T:That Island has fewtrees

T:

Animals

_________________________________________________

T:

Stones

_________________________________________________

T:

Glasses

_________________________________________________

T:

Any Para cantidades indefinidas.

En frases interrogativas o negativas refirindose a la ausencia decantidad. Las respuestas sern afirmativas o negativas.

Are there any Argentinians here?

T:

You can not use the toilette, there is not any water.


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T:

There are a lot of jackets, buy any one you want.

T:Do you have to do any thing this evening?

T:

Are there any bread left for me?

T:

Horses

_________________________________________________

T:Fish

_________________________________________________

T:

Any >

_________________________________________________

T :

NO. Tiene valor negativo.El verbo se usa infinitivo.

I have no money now. (I dont have any money)

T:Are there any people at the festival? No, theresno one.

T:

The weather was too bad yesterday so we haveno fish now.

T:


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Pablo cant cook today because___ _____ ____ ingredients.

T:

To day we cant watch TV, there is no electricity.T:

Rain

____________________________________________

T:

Music

_____________________________________________

T:

No > ________________________________________

T :

Much So much, Too much, How much?

Se usan con sustantivos incontables.

Diana loves so much Joel, she wants to marry him.

T:

He likes so much chilean food, he always talks about it.

T:


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You had too much milk, you will get sick.

T:

Dont buy too much sugar, we have some at home.

T:

Your horse ran too much, it needs to rest now.

T:

Dust

_____________________________________________T:

Wine

______________________________________________

T:

Con las consultas de precios se hace una excepcin ya que lospesos s se pueden contar.

How much is it? Its twenty thousand pesos.

T:These are good cars, how much ______ _________?

T:

House

______________________________________________


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T:

Books

______________________________________________T:

Much solo ocombinado con very significa simplemente MUCHO

The trip was very nice. Thank you very much.

T:

I haven't drunk much but, anyway Ill not drive my car.T:

I dont have much time so hurry up.

T:

A lot A lot of

Se usa alternndose con MUCH.

He's got a lot of money. = He has much money

I have a lot of milk = I have much milk.

They have a lot of work = _________________________

T:


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I dont have much patience with you.

I dont have a lot ofpatience with you.

T:

They dont spend much electricity in winter.

They dont _______ _________ ______________

T:

There was no much music at the festival as I expected

There was no ______ ______ ______ ___________________

T:

Wind

__________________________________________________

Many

Se usa con sustantivos contables

This room has many chairs

Pablo has many sheepI saw that film _________ _____________

T:

How many people are there at the stadium?


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T:

I ate ______ ______ at the restaurant.

T:Mrs. Carolina made _______ _______ for the Curanto.

T:

Windows

_________________________________________________

T:

Tickets

__________________________________________________

T:

Several Varias cosas, personas o animales

He visit us several times a year

T:

I told you several times to get out this dog from here

T:

Trips

_________________________________________________

T:

Nights


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_________________________________________________

T:

Certain para referirse a un sustantivo en singular o plural. Algocierto, preciso, seguro.

The princess lives I a certain castle near Aberdeen.

T:

A certain Mr. Lpez called you this morning.

T:

A certain day when I was a child.T:

Car

___________________________________________________

T:

Nombres o sustantivos que se pueden contar:

One [a] pencil two cats three houses

Nombres o sustantivos que no podemos contar:

Salt, wood, tea, wine, sugar, bread, furniture, hair, information,

Weather, rice. no hay cantidad definida de la forma como


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Nos referimos a estas palabras.

How much salt do you use? I use three salts

T:

Tom has a lot of wood . Tom has five woods

T:

She wants some tea She wants four teas

T:

Lgicamente se podrn contar si agregamos alguna medida

Five grams of salt I use five grams ofsalt

Five pieces of wood Tom has five pieces ofwood

Two cups of tea she wants two cups oftea

Nombres contables plurales

Egg / eggs Bicycle / bicycles

Dress / dresses apple / apples

Rice rices milk milks

Ya sabemos que a o an se usan con nombres contables ensingular.


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He needs to buy ten _______ ___ wood

T:

We are producing _____ ________ ____ milkT:

According to the number of people, we need ____ ____ __ teaT:

Some people eat too ___________ meatT:

How _________ fish you have to sell me?T:

Flour_____________________________________________________T:

There + beindican la existencia de algo.

There + be se usan con todos los tiempos verbales.

A veces vara la conjugacin para algunos singulares y plurales.

Singular

There is a book There is one book

There is milk There one milk


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There an apples There is one apples

Plural

There are five books there are two books

T:

There are three books there are a hundred people

T:

There is a boat on the sea there is a party this eveningT:

There is a storm in Chilo there is a bus over there

T:

Open questions leave room for a description or opinion.

There are eight forms

What, when, where, which, who,

Whom, whose , why andhow .


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What, when you are asking for information about something.

When, to ask about the time that something happened or will

happen.Where, to ask questions about place or position.

Which, when you are asking for information about one of a limitednumber of things.

Who, orwhom when you are asking about someone's identity.

Whose, to ask about possession.

Why, to ask for a reason.

How, to ask about the way in which something is done.

Examples

What is your name? My name is Carole.

When is the party? The party is onTuesday.

Where are you from? I'm from England.

Which is your car? The red car is mine.

Who are you? I'm the manager.

Whose is this web site? It's Joels.


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Why are you in a hurry? Because my bus leaves now.

How are you? I'm fine thanks.

Her name is Debora.Q:

My boat is the black one over there.

Q:

I`m going to Chepu tomorrow morning.

Q:

They were born in Tasmania.Q:

Im the cooker in charge

Q:

They are words that modify the nouns, changing their featuresincluding amounts, dimensions, looking, etc.

The white house the white ball

A happy girl a narrow street

A brown cat a warm weather

There are six types of them:


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Descriptive / QualitativeThere is a nice girl in the auditorium.T:

There are three fat guys walking on the streetT:

Chile is a long and narrow country.T:

The officers were evacuated from the White House

T:Long

_________________________________________________

T:

Bad____________________________________________T:

Cold_____________________________________________T:

Wet

_____________________________________________T:

Demonstratives


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This is a quite city that ship is going to AisnT:

These chocolates are yours those persons are diversT:

These ________________ this_________________T:

Mountains_________________________________________________T:

Seats__________________________________________________T:

QuantitativeMany quantifiers are also adjectives, e.g. FEW, certain,several. most, whole.

Do you want some salt? Does any one want a drink?

T:

Many years ago I came here There is no much bread for all

T:I have little money He does`t have enough time

T:

We have internet in the whole world.

T:


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I bought a few biscuits for you.

T:

Some_______________________________________________

T:

Any

_______________________________________________

T:

Much

_______________________________________________T:

Interrogatives

The interrogatives we saw in the Open Questions are alsoadjectives.

Which seat do you want?

T:

Whata hell are you doing?

T:

How long is that rope?

T:

I dont know where the cat is

T:


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PossessivesThe possessives pronouns act as adjectives as well.

My next trip is going to be to Tenan

T:

Yourneighbour is a bit noisy

T:

His boat is not appropriate to cross the channel.

T:One ofournatural attractions are the wetlands.

T:

Numerical

One of the nice cities to visit in Chile is Dalcahue.

T:

We need fourpieces of meat for lunch

T:

The first bus to Puerto Montt leaves at 6.30 am

T:

The thirdCommandment is to sanctify the holidaysT:

The first Region of Chile is Arica.

T:

Row


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_________________________________________________

T:

Hundred_________________________________________________

Punta Arenas

_________________________________________________

T:

Chilo

_________________________________________________

T:Times

_________________________________________________

Uses of more than one adjective

When using more than one adjective to describe a noun we

place them in the following orderbefore the noun.

Usually no more than three adjectives are used.

1- Opinion or value Cheap, wonderful, nice, pretty...

2- Dimension short, large, small, tall................

3- Age y temperature new, modern, old, cold, hot


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4- Shape y surface round, fat, thin, square.

5- Color red, black, blue, green...

6- Origin Spanish, American, Columbian

7- Material wool, wood, plastic, metal,

8- Use electric, automatic

9- Noun toilet, towel, house, girl, bird

EXAMPLES OF MORE THAN ONE ADJECTIVEOpinion-dimension

This is a delicious large apple

T: _______________________________________________

Opinion-age

Diana has a wonderful modern carT: _______________________________________________

Opinion-shape

Diana is a pretty thin girl


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T: _______________________________________________

Opinion-color

Chilo has many nice green landscapes

T: _______________________________________________

Shape-color-origin

Look at that fat blackAmerican guy

T: _______________________________________________

Dimension-color-origin

Joel is riding a large brown Arab horse

Opinion-dimension-age

In Dalcahue you can find a_____________________ church

T:

Opinion-dimension-temperature

We like the _______________________________ empanadas.

T:

Dimension-color-material

I only have _________________________________ sweaters.

T:


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Opinion-dimension-origin

_________________________________________________

T:

Age-origin-material

__________________________________________________

T:

Dimension-origin-use

___________________________________________________T:

These words are used to express actions in the present past andfuture.

Before the verb we write the preposition

TOTo make to take to get to go to come

To begin to end to finish to stay to change

To be to have to do to know to like


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At the end of this handbook you will find a list of the most usedverbs.

Like all the languages there are diferents times of use,

PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE, and even, with each one of themwell find diferent types as well.

Now lets concentrate in the simple present tense.

As the sentence says this time of the verb indicates what is

happening just NOW.

We already have seen some examples of the verbs times, and,the one we are talking about works as follows.

Taking the preceding examples of verbs, we have the followingexamples in the simple present tense: (translate and speak)

I make fifty empanadas every day.

You take the hot kettle with care

He gets the bus at 7.00 o clock

She goes to school from monday to friday

It comes to eat in the night


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We begin to play at thirty past three

You end your work at seven oclock

They finsh painting the house on Friday

You just stay here

AUXILIARY VERBS

TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

They may be used like principal orauxiliary verbs.

Sometimes known as helping verbs are verbs that are used toassist the verb.

They can not be used without a main verb.

They are used to make negative sentences.

Auxiliary verbs are used to ask questions.

Auxiliary verbs are used in the sentence structure of the verbsentence.

To be


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The verb "to be" is the main verb used in the sentence.

Subject I you he -she - it we you - they

S. present am are is are

Diana is cooking now.

Tom is living in Chile; he is working in Los Lagos region.

They are going to the party tonight night.

I was cooking dinner when you callled.

How many tourists are having lunch now?

We are sad because we lost our mascot?

It is at home now, it came back this morning.

The boats _____ ________ on the Dalcahue Channel.

She is at home.


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We are ___________ ______ ____________ in the classroom

The students _____ _________ _________ at the Alameda

The tourists are ____________ for a restaurant.

The weatheris _______ _________, summer is comig soon.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH TO BE

We just mentioned the verb to be is used to ask and answerquestions

Now we are going to ask typical questions youll find frequently.

Am I a handsome man?

No you are not, you are too ugly.

_T:

_T:

Is he going to drink something for lunch?

Yes he does, he wants some light milk for drinking

_T:

_T:

Is she feeling sick?No she is not, she feels perfect.

_T:

_T:

Is it a tramp dog?


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Yes It is , it has no owner,

_T:

_T:Are we going to sleep in Castro tonight?

No you are not, you have to sleep in Dalcahue

_T:

_T:

Are you french visitors?Yes we are , we come from Calais.

_T:

_T:

Are they going to have dinner soon?

No they are not, they will have a shower before..

_T:

_T:

Rodeo

________________________________________________

T:

Stars

_________________________________________________

T:Sun

_________________________________________________

T:

Tide


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________________________________________________

T:

Sidra________________________________________________

T:

Short forms of the use of To beIn the every day English, people use short forms.

I am Im I am not Im not

You are YoureYou arenot

You`re not You aren`t

He is Hes He is not He`s not He isn`t

She is She`s She is not She`s not She isn`t

It is Its It is not It`s not It isn`t

We are Were We are not We`re not We aren`t

You are YoureYou arenot

You`re not You arent


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They are TheyreThey arenot

They`renot

Theyaren`t

The questions with verb to be

Example 1

Am Ione of the players?Yes, you are

Yes, you`re going to play with number six

No, you`re not

No, youre not going to play this time

No, you aren`t

No, you aren`t going to play this time

Example 2

Are you the bus driver?

Yes, I am

Yes, Im the bus driver

No, Im not.

No, I m not the bus driverNo I`m not

No, Im not the bus driver.


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Example 3

Is he having lunch now?

Yes, he is.

Yes, hes having lunch now

No, he` s not.

No, hes not having lunch now.

No, he isn`t

No, he isn`t having lunch now, he is

T:

Example 4

______ ______ to Tenan tomorrow?

Yes, she is.

Yes, she` s going to Tenan tomorrow.

No, shes not.

No, she isn`t.

No, she isnt, she prefers to stay.

T:


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Example 5Is it the mongrel I sent to France?

Yes, it is

Yes, it s the mongrel.

No, ________ __________

No, it s not the mongrel you sent to France.

No, it __________ the mongrel you sent to FranceNo,____________the mongrel you sent to France.

T:

Example 6

Are we invited to play music at the Festival?T:

Yes, _____ _______.

Yes, you`re invited to play music at the Festival.

No, ______ _______ _______

No, youre not invited to play music at the Festival

No, you arent._______ __________ __________ _____________________


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Example 7

Are you the first partner riders at the rodeo?

Yes, _______ _________.Yes, _________ __________ __________ _____________

No, ___________ _________

No, we`re not the first partner riders at the rodeo.

No, _________ _________.

No, we ________ __________ ___________ _____________

Example 8

Are they the people who want to visit Puuhuil?

Yes, they are.

Yes, they re the people who want to visit Puihuil. (They`re)

T:

No, _______ _______ ______

No,______ ___________ _______ _______ ______________No, they arent

No, _________ ___________ _______ ________________

To haveWhen we use this verb as a principal verb, means tener inSpanish.

When we use it as an auxiliary verb means haber.

As an auxiliary verb it is followed by another verb.


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Subject I you he -she - it we you - they

S. present have have has have

The students want to do a barbecue next weekend.

I have to fast the day before..

You have to look for the place.

He has to cooperate with the wine.

She has to buy and cook the potatoes.

It has to take care ofmy house.

We have to prepare the room for all of us.

You have to bring the lamb, the cuttlery and the music.

They have to _____________ ________ ______________

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH TO HAVE

The verb to have is also used as an auxiliary verb.

These kind of verbs are basic in the english language.

The past participle is used with this verb.The past participle finishes in ED with the regular verbs.

Check the list of verbs at the end of this manual.

Have I danced properly the Cueca?


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No, you have not, you have to practice it.

_T:

_T:Has he donethe dishes after lunch?

Yes he has, he has done the dishes after lunch . (Hes)

T:

T:

Has she cooked potatoes before?

No, she has not, you have to indicate her how to do it.

_T:_T:

Has it eaten its food to day?

Yes It has, it likes that trademark very much.,

_T:

_T:

Have we seen this woman before?

No, we have not, she just moved to Dalcahue yesterday.

_T:

_T:Have you met the french visitors? *

Yes we have met them one hour ago._T:


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_T:

Have they travelled by plane?

No, they have not, they boarded a bus in Santiago._T:

_T:

Lamb meat

_______________________________________________

T:

Flowers

_______________________________________________

T:

Friends

_______________________________________________

Short forms of the use of to haveIn the every day english, people use short forms.

I have Ive I have not Ive not I havent

You have YouveYou havenot

Youvenot

Youhavent


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He has HesHe hasnot

He`s not He hasnt

She has She`s She hasnot She`s not Shehasn`t

It has Its It has not It`s not It hasnt

We have WeveWe havenot

Weve notWehavent

You have Youve You havenot Youvenot Youhavent

Theyhave

They veTheyhave not

Theyvenot

Theyhavent

Short forms of TO HAVE.

Many times HAVE GOT is used to replace:

Do you have? or, did you get? or to do something that isnecessary.

Example 1

Have I got to clean the floor?

T: ____________________________________________


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Yes, you have.

Yes, you have to do it perfectly.

T:_____________________________________________

No, youve not.

T: _______________________

No, youve not, you just clean the toilets this time.

T: ______________________________________________

No, you havent.No, you havent, do the dishes first.

T: ______________________________________________

Example 2

Have you ever been to Punta Arenas?

T:

Yes, I have.

Yes, Ive been there several times.

T:

No, I`ve not.

No, I`ve not been there, I would like to visit it some day.

T:


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Example 3

Has he ____________ _______________ _______ __?

Yes, he has.

Yes, hes _________ __________ ____________ _______

No, hes not.

No, hes not _________ ________ ______ __ _________

T:

No, he hasn`t.

No, he hasn`t, he has _____ ___ _______ _____________

T:

Example 4

Has she got to work tomorrow?T:

Yes, she has.

Yes, shes to work tomorrow until 20.00 o clock

No, shes not.

No shes not, she is free.

T:

No, she hasn`t.

No, she hasnt, she is free tomorrow


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T:

Example 5

Has it eaten all its food?T:

Yes, it has

Yes, it` s eaten all of it and wants more.

T:

No, its not.

No, it `s not, it may be sick.

No, it hasnt.T:

No, it hasn`t, I think it ate elsewhere.

Example 6

Have we got to cook this evening?

Yes, _____ _______.

Yes, youve got to cook the potatoes and the rice.

T:

No, ______ _______

No, _________ _____ ______ _______ _______________

No, you havent.

No_______ __________ __________ __________________

T:

Example 7


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Have you ever ridden a horse before?

Yes, _______ ______.

Yes, weve ridden horses sometimes in Cucao.T:

No, weve not.

No, weve not, we need to learn how to do it.

No, _________ _________.

No, we havent done it before, where can we rent horses?

T:

Example 8

Have they tasted the roast lamb last week?

Yes, they have.

Yes, theyve tasted it at the barbecue done by the students.

T:

No, _______ _______

No, they` ve not tasted it yet,

T:

No, _________ ___________

No, they havent tasted it, they just have eaten fish.


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To do

Do and Does are used as part of the sentence structure for

questions, with the present simple tense

To do is necessary to construct negative and interrogatives

sentences, and, is also used in imperative sentences.Do, is used with the present simple tense.

Do-Does are used as part of the sentence structure for negative

statements or sentences with the present simple tense

Subject I you he -she - it we you - theyS. present do do does do

I do my homework after dinner every day.


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T:

You do the washing up yourself

T:He does the work perfectly

T:

She does the dishes at the restaurant

T:

It does not bite, dont worry.T:

We do our business quite well

T:

You do many things we dont like

T:

They do bad examples for the children

T:

Questions and answers with TO DO

Do I speak fluently the english language?

No, you have to practice more.

T:T:

Do you want to have lunch now?

Yes, I am too hungry, lets go now.

T:


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T:

Does he go to church on Sunday?

No, he goes sometimes but on other daysT:

T:

Does the horse run fast?

Yes it does, it participates in the Chilean races.

T:T:Do we need to keep the luggage at the hotel?

No, after visiting Achao we go back immediately

T:T:

Do you want to try lamb meat for lunch?

No, we are going to ask for some fresh fish.

T:

T:

Do they like swimming?

Yes they do but, not here in Chilo, the water is too cold.

T:


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T:

Short forms of to do

I do I do not I dont

You doYou donot You dont

He doesHe doesnot

Hedoesnt

She doesShe doesnot

Shedoesnt

It does It does not It doesnt

We do We do not We dont


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You doYou donot

You dont

They doThey donot

They dont

Example 1

Do I need to go more elegant for the party?Yes you do.No, you dont.No, you dont, you may ware informal clothT:

T:T:

Example 2

Do you have lunch at home during the week?Yes I do.No, I dont.No, I dont, I have lunch at a small restaurant near here.

T:T:T:

Example 3


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Does he ride his horse on weekends?Yes he does.No he doesnt

No he doesnt, he just rest and read.T:T:T:

Example 4

Does she like go on dancing on Saturday?Yes she does.No, she doesnt.No, she doesnt, she prefers to go to the gym.T:T:T:

Example 5

Does it sleep in the garage during the night?Yes it does.No, It doesnt, it sleeps in the house.T:T:T:

Example 6

Do we sing louder than the the girls?Yes, you do.No, you dont.


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No, you dont, the girls sing louder.T:T:

T:

Example 7

Do you go fishing to the lake on summer?Yes we doNo, we dont.No we dont, because is not the legal season.T:T:T:

Example 8

Do they enjoy the summer Dalcahue Festival?Yes, they doNo, they dont.No, they dont, they always have little time because the job.T:T:T:

There are some other words that can be used as short forms:


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Where's the concert? Who's that?

How's your father? Here's the book

That's mine Whens your birthday?Theres a book Thats my car

Present SimpleI, you, we, they use just the infinitive verbHe, She, it need an S at the end of the verb

It is used in permanent situations and frequency of events.

(Always, never, every day, etc)

Affirmative Sentences

Structure

Subject + principal verb

To talk

I talk, you talk, he talks, she talks,

It talks, we talk, you talk, they talk

To go

I go, you go, he goes, she goes,

it goes, we go, you go, they go


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To guess

I guess you guess he guesses she guesses

it guesses we guess you guess they guessNote that we add ES to verbs that end with O or SS

To tryI try you try he tries she tries

it tries we try you try they try

When the verb ends withY, change to IES for 3 person

Negative Sentences

Structure

Subject + aux verb + (to do) + negative aux (not) + principal verb

(you may use short forms i.e dont doest)

To talk

I do not talk you do not talk He does not talkshe does no talk it does not talk we do not talk

you do not talk they do not talk

To cross

I do not cross you do not cross He does not cross


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she does not cross it does not cross we do not cross

you do not cross they do not cross

To eat

I do not eat you do not eat He does not eatshe does not eat it does not eat we do not eat

you do not eat they do not eat

Note that in negative sentences, the verb is used in its infinitiveform. We dont have to add any letter at the end

Interrogative Sentences

Structure

Aux verb (to do) + subject + principal verb

To walk

Do I walk? Do you walk? Does he walk?

Does she walk? Does it walk? Do we walk?

Do you walk? Do they walk?

To sing >

____________________________________________________

To try >


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____________________________________________________

Note that the verb remains infinitive

When we talk about events that are actually happening now, weuse the present continuous tense.

Affirmative sentences

I`m working at a salmon farm near Curaco de Vlez

T:

You are working at the new Dalcahue SchoolT:

He is working in Santiago for a great company.

T:

She`s talking about her family

T:

It is running trying to hunt a rabbit

T:We are preparing dinner for all of us.

T:

You are going to see how nice Chonchi is.

T:


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They are going to sing at the Summer Festival of Chonchi

T:

Negative sentences

I`m not working now, Im looking for a job.

T:Are you working at the new School?

T:

Hes not working in Santiago, he found another job in Castro.

T:

She is not talking about her family, shes talking about her .

T:

It`s not running to hunt any animal, it`s just playing.T:We`re not preparing dinner, we are watching football on tv.

T:

You are not going to Chonchi today, there is a heavy frost.

T:

They are not going to sing, they are going to dance.

Interrogative Sentences

Am I working in a barn or what?

T:


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Are you working at the school?

T:

Is he working in Santiago?

T:

Is she talking about her family?

T:Is it running to hunt some rabbit?

T:

Are we going to prepare dinner or watch the football game?

T:

Are you going to Chonchi this afternoon?

T:

Documents

Manual 13-9-11 Definitivo