Manual De Electricidad Industrial

7/21/2019 Manual De Electricidad Industrial

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CONTENIDO

Paginas

INTRODUCCION

JUSTIFICACION

UNIDAD1: MEDICIONES ELECTRICAS 1.1 MEDICION DEL VOLTAJE A TRAVES DEL

VOLTIMETRO....................................... 11 1.2 MEDICION DE CORRIENTE A TRAVES DELAMPERIMETRO..................................15 1.3 MEDICION DE RESISTENCIA A TRAVES DEL OHMETRO YMEGGER......................17 1.4 MEDICION DE POTENCIA A TRAVES DEL

WATTMETRO....................................... 19 1.5 MEDICION DEL ACTOR DE POTENCIA A TRAVES DELACTORIMETRO...............24

UNIDAD 2: GENERACION Y DISTRIBUCION DE CORRIENTEELECTRICA

2.1 GENERADORES DE ENERGIAELECTRICA............................................................35 2.2 EL

TRANSORMADOR.......................................................................................45 2.3 S!"ESTACIONELECTRICA................................................................................61

UNIDAD 3: MAQUINAS ELECTRICAS 3.1 MOTOR DEIND!CCION....................................................................................77 3.2 ARRAN#!E DE MOTOR DE IND!CCION A TENSIONPLENA.................................87 3.3 ARRAN#!E DE MOTOR DE IND!CCION A TENSIONRED!CIDA...........................90 3.4 MOTOR DE CORRIENTECONTIN!A...................................................................92

UNIDAD 4: INSTALACIONES ELECTRICAS 4.1 INSTALACIONELECTRICA...............................................................................103 4.2 CONTROLIND!STRIAL...................................................................................126

RACTICAS PRACTICA $1%MEDICION DE VOLTAJE Y CORRIENTE EN !N CIRC!ITOSERIE..........136

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PRACTICA $2%MEDICION DE VOLTAJE Y CORRIENTE EN !N CIRC!ITOPARALELO.....................................................................................

138

PRACTICA $3%LAMPARAS

INCANDESENTES&OCOS'................................................140

PRACTICA $4%LAMPARASL!ORESCENTES............................................................144

PRACTICA $5%PROYECTO DE INSTALACION DEAL!M"RADO.................................. 147

PRACTICA $(%TECNICAS PARA EL DO"LADO DELT!"O..........................................152

PRACTICA$)% TECNICAS DE

ALAM"RADO...............................................................153

PRACTICA $*%CALC!LO DECARGA........................................................................156

PRACTICA $+%CENTRO DECARGA..........................................................................159

PRACTICA $1,%SELECCI-N DE!SI"LES...............................................................161

PRACTICA $11%SELECCI-N DE

COND!CTORES.......................................................164

PRACTICA $12%CONEI-N ATIERRA.....................................................................167

PRACTICA $13%INSTALACION DE"ALASTROS........................................................170

PRACTICA $14%DIAGRAMAS DECONEI-N............................................................172

PRACTICA $15%SELECCI-N DETA"LEROS..............................................................175

PRACTICA $1(%SISTEMA DEDISTRI"!CION...........................................................203

PRACTICA $1)%S!"ESTACIONELECTRICA..............................................................212

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PRACTICA $1*%CONTROL DE DOS ALAM"RES PARA MOTORESTRIASICOS.............217

PRACTICA $1+%CONTROL DE TRES ALAM"RES PARA MOTORESTRIASICOS...........221

PRACTICA $2,%CONTROL PARA INVERSION DEL SENTIDO DE ROTACION DE!N MOTOR

TRIASICO...................................................................226TA"LAS................................................................................................................

.228

BIBLIOGRAFIA................................................................................................240

ANE!OS..............................................................................................................242

!NIDAD1 M/0iin/s E6ias

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La 7/0ii8n /s a 9a6/ :;n0a7/na 0/ /sa ;ni0a0< 96 ;a n 90/7s iniia6a sin n/6 a i/nia i/6a s;signi=a0< asi=ai8n< i9s 0/ 7/0ii8n< /666/s > 0/7?sin:67ai8n @;/ ns s/6? i > n//sa6ia 9a6a 90/6 /n/n0/6a in:67ai8n @;/ s/ 0a6? /n s sig;i/n/s B/is.P0/7s iniia6 a 0/=ni6 7/0ii8n 0/ a 7an/6a sig;i/n/%

MEDICION:Es a 79a6ai8n :sia 0/ 0s 7agni;0/s< 0n0/;na 0/ /as ns si6/ 7 6/:/6/nia.

S/ 0i/ @;/ /n ;na 7/0i0a Fa> ;n /666 ;an0 /is/;na 0is6/9ania /n6/ / 6/s;a0 B/ni0 > / /60a0/6a6 0/ a 7agni;0 7/0i0a< /s in/iaB/ @;/ /n 0a7/0i0a s/ /nga i/6 /666. P6/isa7/n/ 0/ ni7i/n0/ /s/ /666 s/ 9;/0/n 0/0;i6 in:67ain/s a/s 7 a

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ai0/ 0/ 70 0/ 7/0i0a /79/a0< a 66/i8n /n a;iiai8n 0/ s ins6;7/ns< /n 0as as 7/0i0as s;//in/6/sa6 a7Bin s; 6/0;i8n. E 70 0/ 6/0;i8n0/9/n0/ 0/ i9 0/ /666< 0/ a;/60 n s; asi=ai8n 0/aB/66an/s< sis/7?is > a/a6is. Eis/n ;a6 :;/n/s0/ /666%

E666 F;7an 0/ /;6a% /s /s i796an/ /n sins6;7/ns an?gs. S/ 0/B/ a a a9ai0a0 0/ s/6F;7an 9a6a /si7a6 ;n a6 a 9a6i6 0/ ;na 9anaaan?ga.

E:/s 67is% 0i/6ss 79n/n/s /6is s/ /na:/a0s 96 a /79/6a;6a. Ess /:/s i796/0/iB/s9;/0/n a7Bia6 / a6 a9a6/n/ @;/ s/ 7i0/ 0/ ;n

77/n a 6. E:/s 96 /n//i7i/n% 7;Fs 79n/n/s

/6is a7Bian 0/ a6 n / i/79. Es signi=a@;/ Fa> ;n a7Bi 6/a /n / a6 @;/ s/ 7i0/ /n /i/79.

In/6:/6/nias /n a 7/0ii8n% si/796/ @;/ s/ 7i0/ / a60/ ;na a6iaB/ 79n/n/< a 7/0ii8n /n si 9;/0/asina6 /666.

La 7/0ii8n s/ /a a aB n ;n ins6;7/na0/;a0 9a6a a0a i9 0/ 7agni;0 @;/ s/ a>a a 7/0i6.Ess "#$%&'()#%*$ +) ()+","-# * medidores nsang/n/6a7/n/ 0/ 6/s 9a6/s% 9a6/ s/nsiB/< ni/ 0/g6a0;ai8n > 9a6/ in0ia06a.

Ess s/ asi=an /n 0s i9s%

Ana8gisE a6 0/ a 7/0ii8n /s 6/96/s/na0 /n ;nag6a0;ai8n /saa > g/n/6a7/n/ nsa 0/ 9anaa aiB6ai8n >/n ag;nas asin/s ag;a in0ia06a.

Es/ i9 0/ 7/0i06 96/sa s 0as 0/ /n6a0a > s6/gis6a /n a 9anaa< 7is7s @;/ 7an / a6 0/ a;/60

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a 6ang @;/ s/ /nga s//ina0. E a6 0/ a 7/0ii8na6ia nin;a7/n/. E 0iag6a7a $ 1 ns 7;/s6a /0iag6a7a a B@;/s 0/ /s/ 7/0i06.

DigiaEs/ i9 0/ 7/0i06 g/n/6a7/n/ /sa :67a0 96 ;na

9anaa 0/ 6isa i@;i0 0/ siii< n/6/s< 9;nas >Bn/s. Es/ 7/0i06 96/sa a in:67ai8n > a 0/s9i/ga/n a 9anaa 96 7/0i 0/ 0gis / a6 0/ a 7/0ii8na6ia 0is6/a7/n/. E 0iag6a7a $2 ns 7;/s6a / 0iag6a7aa B@;/s 0/ /s/ 7/0i06.

DIAGRAMA A BLOQUES DE UN MEDIDORANALOGICO

Diag6a7a &1'

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DIAGRAMA A "LO#!ES DE !N MEDIDOR DIGITAL

Diag6a7a &2'

Tan / 7/0i06 ana8gi 7 / 0igia i/n/ ;a6a6a/6sias B?sias< as ;a/s sn%

1' Exactitud %Es a 0i:/6/nia @;/ /is/ /n6/ / a6 7/0i0

> / a6 6/a 0/ ;na ani0a0.

2' Precisin%Es a 6/9/iBii0a0 0/ ;n n;n 0/ /;6as n / 7is7 ins6;7/n 0/ 7/0ii8n.

3' Resolucin%Es / 7ni7 in6/7/n 0/ ani0a0 @;/ s/9;/0/ 7/0i6 n /6/a. Es / g6a0 0/ 0//a6 a6/s0/ 7/0ii8n 7;> 9/@;/s.

4' Sensibilidad %Es / a7Bi in6/7/na 7?s 9/@;/ @;/9;/0/ 0//a6 / 7/0i06< /s 0/i6< /s / g6a0 0/0//i8n 0/ a6ian/s a a /n6a0a< 96 7as 7ni7as @;/s/an.

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Ls ERRORES A"ERRANTES sn a@;/s @;/ a9a6//n ;nn;7/6 6/0;i0 0/ //s< 6/s9/ a a 0/ 7/0i0as 0/ a7is7a 7agni;0 6/aia0as. Ta 7 s;gi/6/n /sas0/n7inain/s< / 6/s;a0 0/ ;na 7/0i0a @;/ /s/a:/a0 96 ;n /666 0/ /s/ i9 s/ nsi0/6a @;/ /s :as.

Ls ERRORES SISTEMATICOS ;66/n ;an0 a 6/aia6s;/sias 7/0i0as 0/ ;na 7is7a 7agni;0 n ;n0//67ina0 a6< > /n as 7is7as n0iin/s< Bi/n9/67an// nsan/< Bi/n a6ia 0/ a;/60 n a />0/=ni0a a a7Bia6 as n0iin/s 0/ 7/0i0a.

N67a7/n/ /n 0 ins6;7/n Fa> si7;?n/a7/n//666/s sis/7?is 7;i9iais< /s 0/i6< @;/ 0/9/n0/n

0/ a6 0/ a 7agni;0 7/0i0a< > a0iis @;/ n 0/9/n0/n0/ a6 0/ a 7agni;0 7/0i0a.

P6 ;i7 /s?n s ERRORES ALEATORIOS @;/ sn s @;/9/67an//n ;na / /i7ina0as as a;sas 0/ /666/ssis/7?is &> /;i0s s /666/s aB/66an/s's/ 7ani=/san;an0 s/ 7i0/ 6/9/i0a7/n/ a 7is7a 7agni;0< n /7is7 ins6;7/n > / 7is7 70.

S/ 0/n7inan a7Bin /666/s ai0/na/s :6;is. La96/s/nia 0/ /666/s a/a6is Fa/ @;/ 0/s9;s 0/ 6/aia6;na a6ias 7/0i0as 0/ ;na 0//67ina0a 7agni;0< s/ /nga;na in/6i0;7B6/ sB6/ / /60a0/6 a6 0/ /sa&a6/a'.

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1.1 M)+","-# +)/ */%) %&$ +)/ */%()%&*.

CONCEPTO%

La TENSION ELECTRICA &'< a7Bin /s ni0a 7 aDIERENCIA DE POTENCIAL ELECTRICO< /s a ENERGIAPOTENCIAL n//sa6ia 9a6a 7/6 a ;ni0a0 0/ CARGAELECTRICA< /n6/ 0s 9;ns 0/ ;n i6;i /6i.

D/ 7an/6a 96aia< 90/7s 0/i6 @;/ TENSIONELECTRICA /s a @;/ 9n/ /n MOVIMIENTO a s ELECTRONES0/ ;n i6;i /6i.

T6a?n0s/ 0/ a /nsi8n /6ia 0/ G/n/6a06/s< 9ias> a;7;a06/s< s/ /79/a /n s; ;ga6< / /67in !ERKAELECTROMOTRIK &:/7.'< @;/ s/ in/696/a 7 a !ERKA @;/ 7;// a //6ii0a0.

E a/ 0/9/n0i/n0 0/ a :;/n/ @;/ 96i/n/ 9;/0/s/6 0/ 66i/n/ a/6na 66i/n/ 0i6/a.

Voltaje de corriente alterna:

E a6 0/ a/ a6a nsan/7/n/ n 6/s9/ ai/79 > /sa 6/96/s/na0 96%

La ;a /sa :67a0a 96 ;na a79i;0% @;/ /s / 7?i7a6 @;/ 7a a s/a< ;n i% /s a 6/96/s/nai8n 0/ ;nas/a 0/ a/ / i/79 @;/ a60a /n :67a6s/ ;n i s/a7a 9/6i0 &' > :6/;/nia /s / n;7/6 0/ is @;/ s/7an /n ;n s/g;n0 : 1. E a/ /n 66i/n/ a/6na n9;/0/ 7/0i6s/ 0i6/a7/n/ 7/0ian/ 7i7i/ns 0/66i/n/ /n BBinas 78i/s.

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Voltaje de corriente directa:E ni/ 0/ a/ 9/67an// nsan/ /n ;n in/6a

0/ i/79 > s/ 6/96/s/na 96

!NIDADES%

La ;ni0a0 0/ 7/0ii8n 0/ a TENSION ELECTRICA /s /VOLT< 0/Bi0 a /< s/ Fa 0a0 /n a7a6 VOLTAJE a a @;/n/7s 7 TENSION ELECTRICA.

VOLTMETRO Y S! CONEI-N%

E a9a6a @;/ 7i0/ a /nsi8n E6ia< s/ a7aVOLMETRO O VOLTIMETRO > s/ n/a /n6/ s 9;ns 0/i6;i< 0n0/ s/ 0/s/a n/6 a 0i:/6/nia 0/ 9/nia. A

/sa 0is9sii8n 0/ 7/6< s/ a7a CONEI-N PARALELOa9a6// /n ;na 9anaa 7;i0igia. Las a6a/6siasB?sias 0/ ;n 7/6 0igia sn as @;/ s/ 7;/s6an /n a=g;6a $ 2. &C;6s D. JFnsn'

15

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E/79 11A% /n / sig;i/n/ i6;i a;a / a6 0/ a/a9ia0< ;an0 s/ i/n/ ;na in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ 0/ ( A > ;na6/sis/nia 0/ 2,.

16

/n6a0a

A79i=a06 >

/saa06

R/i=a06

Cn/6i060/ an?g

a 0igia

C/66

Panaa

Ti/79 >n6

ig. 2


12/201

V IRV &(A'&2,'V 12,V

E/79 11"% /n / sig;i/n/i6;i a;a / a6 0/ a/a9ia0< ;an0 s/ i/n/ ;nain/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ 0/ 3 A >

;na 6/sis/nia 0/ 4,.

V IRV &3A'&4,'V 12,V

Cn;sin/s% a in/nsi0a0 0/66i/n/ /s in/6sa7/n/9696ina a a 6/sis/nia/6ia 0/ i6;i.

1.2 M)+","-# +) / C*&&")#%) %&$ +)/ A()&()%&*

CONCEPTO%La in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ /6ia &I' /s / ; 0/

//6n/s &a6gas /6ias' @;/ 9asan 96 ;n n0;6< /n

17

A

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;n 0//67ina0 i/79. C7 / //68n /s ;na a6ga/6ia 7;> 9/@;/a< ni/n/ ;iia6 6a a6ga /6ia7?s g6an0/< 7 / CO!LOM" @;/ /@;ia/a96i7a0a7/n/ a (.3 6in/s 0/ //6n/s ;ns.C;an0 96 ;n 9;n 0/ i6;i 9as/ ;n ;7B 96 a0as/g;n0< /isi6? ;n a79/6/ 0/ in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n//6ia.

i 0@ L) +) C*'/*( 0

!NIDADES%E A79/6/ &A' /s a ;ni0a0 0/ 7/0ii8n 0/ a in/nsi0a0

0/ 66i/n/. P6 / F/F 0/ 7/0i6s/ /n a79/6/s< a ain/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ a7Bin s/ / n/ 7 AMPERAJE.

AMPERMETRO Y S! CONEI-N%P;/s @;/ s //6n/s sn an 9/@;/s< 6/s;a

i79siB/ /6s 9asa6 /n ;n n0;6 /6i 96 / /F7B6/ Fa in/na0 ;n a9a6a @;/ si/n/Q / 9as 0/0iFs //6n/s > s/ a7a a79/67/6 a79/67/6.

En a sig;i/n/ =g;6a s/ 906? a96/ia6 a CONEI-NSERIE 0/ a79/67/6< @;/ nsis/ /n in/6aa6 /n ;nn0;6 0/ i6;i / 7/0i06< 9a6a @;/ 96 9as/n s

//6n/s.

ig.3La 66i/n/ 9;/0/ s/6 an 0/ 66i/n/ a/6na 7

0/ 66i/n/ 0i6/a< /s 0/9/n0/ 0/ i9 0/ a/ @;/ s/ /a9i@;/.

N*%% 6/aia6 96aias 1 > 2 0/ /s/ 7an;a.E/79 12A%/n / sig;i/n/ i6;i a;a / a6 0/ a 66i/n/ ;na 6/sis/nia 0/)5.

18

A


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15/201

1.3 M)+","-# +) R)$"$%)#," %&$ +)/ O()%&* M))&

CONCEPTO%

La 6/sis/nia /6ia &R' /s a 9sii8n @;/ 96/s/nani/6s 7a/6ia/s a 9as 0/ a 66i/n/ /6ia< a6ia na /79/6a;6a< :67a< 7a/6ia > ngi;0. En ;n i6;i/6i< a in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ IQ< /s 0i6/a7/n/9696ina aa /nsi8n /6ia VQ / in/6sa7/n/9696ina a a 6/sis/nia /6ia RQ 0/ i6;i.

R V L) +) O( I

!NIDADES%

La ;ni0a0 0/ 7/0ii8n 0/ a 6/sis/nia /6ia /s /OHM. E F7 /s a ;ni0a0 @;/ 9/67i/ / 9as 0/ 1 a79/6/ a in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ &I' n;n a79/67/6< 7 s/ 7;/s6a /n a sig;i/n/ =g;6a%

ig.5V 5, VsI 4 A79sPA V I 5, 4PA 2,, VA

POTENCIA REAL &PR'%

Cn/9%

La P/nia R/a< /s a 9a6/ 0/ a 9/nia a9a6/n/ @;//:/ia7/n/ 6/aia ;n 6aBa i< /n a a6ga 0/ i6;i.

!ni0a0/s%

La ;ni0a0 :;n0a7/na 0/ a POTENCIA REAL< /s /Wa&W' > ;/na n as sig;i/n/s /@;ia/nias.

ia1W1,,, a 7/gaa1M1,,,Gigaa1G1,,, MCaBa 0/ :;/6aHP)4(Was CaBa 0/a96H)3(Was

T/6aa 1,,,GW

23

V

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WATTMETRO%

E Wa7/6 /s / ins6;7/n @;/ 7i0/ a P/nia R/a. E;a /sa nsi;i0 96 ;n 7/6 > ;n a79/67/6 as9;nas 0/ a79/67/6 /n s/6i/< 7 s/ 7;/s6a /n a=g;6a $ (.

ig.(

ig. (

POTENCIA REACTIVA &P#'%

Cn/9%

La 9/nia R/aia< /s a 9a6/ 0/ a 9/nia a9a6/n/a @;/ / ?ng; 0/ i /s a6asa0

VARMETRO%

E Va67/6< /s / ins6;7/n @;/ 7i0/ a 9/nia6/aia< /n Va6 /n VAR. En 6/ai0a0 /s / WATTMETRO ;n a79/67/6. La =g;6a $ *6/96/s/na a a6?;a 0/ ;n :a6i7/6.

ig.*

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Dn0/%LAG signi=a a6asa0LEAD signi=a a0/ana0POWER ACTOR signi=a :a6 0/ 9/nia.

E)(/* 1=6:!n 76 6i:asi 9;/0/ nsi0/6a6s/ 7 ;na a6ga /nY Baan/a0a< ;n 76 0/ /s/ i9 ns;7/ 5.( W ;an0 a /nsi8n0/ n/a /s 0/ 22,V > a 66i/n/ 0/ n/a 66/s9n0/ a 1*.2 A.D//67in/ / :a6 0/ 9/nia 0/ 76.

A 3 VLIL 3 &22,'&1*.2' (+35.13 VA

R PACs 5(,, W

F PR 5(,, ,.*,)5 PA (+35.13

E)(/* 1=7: Pa6a / sig;i/n/ i6;i n/a0 /n /s6/a0/aBaan/a0 0//67in/ a 66i/n/ 0/ n/a IA< a /nsi8n 0/ a :as/VA" > a 66i/n/ 0/ :as/ IAC< s;9nga @;/ a :6/;/nia 0/ a:;/n/ 0/ :as/ /s (, H.

29

1,,L0

1,,L120

1,,L120


25/201

VA" 3 VP L3, IAB VA" 1)3.2L3,

AB 3&1,,'L3, KA 125.23L3).,1

VA"1)3.2L3, IA" 1.3* L).,1 A

: (, HK&is/g' :6/. ang;a6 &6a0s/g' 2:

I 3 IA" L3, 2.3+L-3).,1AAC 1)3.2L3,L12, 1)3.2L15,VIA 1)3.2L15, 1.3* L112.++ A 125.23L-3).,1

MEDICION DE ACTOR DE POTENCIA CON DOS WATTMETROSO&+*$


26/201

& s/ s;9n/ a s/;/nia 9siia aB'CONEION TENSIONESCORRIENTE

S DE ASETENSIONESCORRIENT

ES DE LINEAVan VPL, VaB 3VPL3,

VBn VPL12, VBVaBL12,

Vn VPLX12, VaVaBLX12,

Y Y Ig;a @;/ as 66i/n/s0/

Ia VAN K>

n/a. IB IaL12,

I IaLX12,

Van VPL, VaB VA" 3VPL3,

VBn VPL12, VB V"C VaBL12,

Vn VPLX12, Va VCA VaBLX12,

Y = IA" VA"K IaIA"3L3,

I"C V"CK IBIaL12,

ICA VCAK I IaLX12,

VaBV9L, Ig;a @;/ as /nsin/s0/

VBV9L12, as/VaV9LX12,

IA" VA"K IaIA"3L3,

I"C V"CK IBIaL12,

ICA VCAK I IaLX12,

VaBV9L, Ig;a @;/ as /nsin/s0/

VBV9L12, as/VaV9LX12,

= Y Ig;a @;/ as 66i/n/s0/ n/a

Ia V9L3, 3 K>IBIaL12,

I IaLX12,Las :67;as si/796/ 9;/0/n B/n/6s/ 0i6/a7/n/ a a9ia6 a LC > a LT /n s i6;is

a969ia0s.

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!NIDAD2

G/n/6ai8n > Dis6iB;i8n 0/ C66i/n/ E6ia

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GENERACION DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA

La 960;i8n 0/ a /n/6ga. a na;6a/a :6// aF7B6/ inn;7/6aB/s :;/n/s 0/ /n/6ga /n :67a 0/>ai7i/ns 0/ a6B8n< 9/68/< 7/an< 66i/n/s 0/ ag;a 6/ain/s @;7ias< > n;/a6/s.

La ;iiai8n in0;s6ia /n :67a 0i6/a 0/ /sas:;/n/s 0/ /n/6ga sa7/n/ /s 9siB/< /n g6an /saa< 9a6a/ a6B8n< / 9/68/ > / 7/an. P6 7/0i 0/ s;7B;si8n 9a6a a 960;i8n 0/ a6.

S/ a;a @;/ 9a6a s 0s 96i7/6s 0/ /ss

7B;siB/s /is/n /n a Ti/66a >ai7i/nsa96i7a0a7/n/ /@;ia/n/s a 1(,,, Bin/s > 13 Bin/s0/ iaisF6a.

P/68/< a6B8n > 7/an n Basan< sin /7Ba6g;iia0s 0i6/a7/n/ 7 7B;siB/s< 9a6a sais:a/6as n//si0a0/s si/796/ 6/i/n/s 0/ /n/6ga. La in0;s6ia 0/0as as as/s< a 6ai8n< / a;7B6a0< insaain/s 0/:;/6a< Fan /nn6a0 sa7/n/< n / a0/ni7i/n 0/ a

//6nia< / i79;s 0/ 7a>6 i796ania 9a6a s;0/sa66. En / 6ans;6s 0/ 9s as s/ Fa ns/g;i0;iia6 in0i6/a7/n/< /n :67a 0/ //6ii0a0< a /n/6ga67ia 0/ s 7B;siB/s > a7Bin g/n/6a6 /n/6ga/6ia 0/ a Fi06?;ia a7a/na0a /n as 66i/n/s 0/ag;a.

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36


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!NCIONAMIENTO EN PARALELO EN GENERADODES CC.

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Ha> ;na B;/na ani0a0 0/ 6an/s in;>/n0 /sas%

1. P06a s/6 i796an/ 0/sn/a6 ;n g/n/6a06 9a6a

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CONEI-N DE TRANSORMADORES

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:67as 0/ n/a6 s 6ans:67a06/s< 7 sn% CONEI-N DELTADELTA

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56


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ig.1+ CONEI-N DELTAESTRELLAEsa n/i8n 0/ /79/a /n a@;/s sis/7as 0/ 6ans7isi8n/n @;/ /s n//sa6i //a6 a/s 0/ g/n/6ai8n. Ensis/7as 0/ 0is6iB;i8n /s n/ni/n/ s; ;s 0/Bi0 a @;/s/ 9;/0/ /n/6 0s a/s 0i:/6/n/s&/n6/ :as/ > n/;6'=g;6a$2,.

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9;/0/ n/a6s/ a Fis 0/ 6/6n. ig;6a $21

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57


53/201

CONEI-N ESTRELLADELTAS/ ;iia /sa n/i8n /n s sis/7as 0/ 6ans7isi8n 0/ ass;B/sain/s 6//96as ;>a :;ni8n /s 6/0;i6 a/. Es//s 9 ;s;a< s/ /79/a /n asin/s 9a6a 0is6iB;i8n 6;6a.ig;6a$22

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CONEI-N DE TRANSORMADORES MONOASICOS EN"ANCOS TRIASICOS.

Eis/n a7Bin ag;nas n/in/s 0/ 6ans:67a06/s7n:asis /n Bans 6i:asis< > @;/ sn ;iia0s

96ini9a7/n/ /n 0s i9s 0/ i6;is% En i6;is 0/ 7;> a a/ En i6;is /n @;/ s/ 6/@;i/6a nin;i0a0 /n / s/6ii.

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58


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OERACIN DE TRANSFORMADORES EN ARALELO

S/ /ni/n0/ @;/ i/n/n 9/6ai8n /n 9a6a/ a@;/s

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RA>ONES ARA LA OERACIN DE TRANSFORMADORESEN ARALELO

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3. Pa6a 0a6 /iBii0a0 0/ 9/6ai8n a ;n sis/7a.

REQUISITOS ARA LA OERACIN DETRANSFORMADORES EN ARALELO

1. Ig;a 6/ai8n 0/ 6ans:67ai8n< a/s ig;a/s /n /a0 96i7a6i > s/;n0a6i.2. D/s9aa7i/n ang;a6 ig;a a /6.

3. Va6iai8n 0/ as i79/0anias n 6/s9/ a asa9ai0a0/s 0/ s 6ans:67a06/s< /n :67a in/6sa.4. Las 6/ain/s 0/ 6/sis/nia > 6/aanias 0/B/n s/6/@;ia/n/s.

UESTA EN SERICIO DE TRANSFORMADORES.

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E 96ini9i :;n0a7/na 0/ :;nina7i/n 0/ s76/s 0/ 66i/n/ nin;a /s / sig;i/n/%

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g/n/6an0 ;na 6ai8n nin;a. ig;6a $34

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/n ;ga6 0/ n/a6s/ :sia7/n/ 96 7/0i 0/n0;6/s. La a6a/6sia @;/ 0ising;/ ;n 76 0/in0;i8n /s @;/ n s/ n//sia 66i/n/ 0/ a79 0/ CC9a6a 9n/6 a :;nina6 a 7?@;ina.

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0/ in0;i8n 7 76/s 0/ in0;i8n.

CONSTRUCCION DEL MOTOR DE INDUCCION

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MOTOR SINCRONICO O SINCRONO

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76 /ga a ;n 0/sia7i/n 0/ 5 a * Z< s/ a9ia / a79CD a 66 > /s 7i/na a :;nina6 sin68nia7/n/.

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En;/n6/ as sig;i/n/s 7agni;0/s 0/ 76%

a' /i0a0 /n 67in

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3.2 ARRANQUE DE MOTOR DE INDUCCION A TENSIONLENA

En /s/ i9 0/ a66/g< s/ ;iia ;n in/66;96 0/a66an@;/ 7an;a a;7?i< 9a6a n/a6 / 760i6/a7/n/ a 6as 0/ a 66i/n/ 0/ n/a &;/'. S/;iia ;an0 s /:/s @;/ 960;/ / 76 a n/a6s/0i6/a7/n/ a a n/a 0/ 0is6iB;i8n n sn i796an/s ;an0 s/ 6/@;i/6/n 77/ns 0/ 6@;/ 6/aia7/n/g6an0/s a inii 0/ a66an@;/ 9a6a /n/n0/6 9n/6 /n7a6Fa 7a@;ina6ias /@;i9 @;/ 6/@;i/6/n 6@;/s iniia/s

nsi0/6aB/s.

ARRANQUE DE RESISTENCIA RIMARIA

En /s/ sis/7a s/ ;iia ;na ;ni0a0 0/ 6/sis/nian/a0a /n s/6i/ n / /sa6< 9a6a 6/0;i6 a 66i/n/ 0/a66an@;/.

94


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97/201


98/201

Pa6a anaia6 / 796a7i/n 0/ ;n 76 s/6i/ sa;6a0< s/ /sg/n9;ns a a6g 0/ a ;6a 0/ 9/6ai8n > s/ Faan / 9a6 > a/i0a0 9a6a a0a 9;n. La ;6a 0/ 7agn/iai8n /sa 0a0a /n;ni0a0/s 0/ :;/6a 7agn/76i &AMPERIOSV!ELTA' n6a EA 9a6a

;na /i0a0 12,, 67in.Pa6a IA 5, A.

EA VTIA&RAX R' 25,V &5, A'&,.,*'EA24( V

')$%* ') IAHIFH50A@ / ')& (#)%*(*%&" )$:

F= NI &25 ;/as'&5, A' 125, A;/a

D) / ,'& +) (#)%","-# )#F=1250 A=')/%@ EAOH 80 .& *%)#)& / )/*,"++ ,*&&)"+ +)/ (*%*& &),'&+)$)')@

# EA n EAO

n 24( V &12,,67in' *,V

# 3(+, 67in.

Pa6a /nn6a6 / 9a6 in0;i0 s;7inis6a0 96 / 76 a /sa /i0a0s/ ;sa%

,*# EA IA Tin0 W

103


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T"#+ EA IA W

&24(V'&5, A'

&3(+, 67in'&17in(,s/g'&26a06'

T"#+ 31.* N.7

MOTORE CC TIO COMUESTO

!n 76 0/ CC 79;/s i/n/ ;n a79 /n0/6iai8n > ;n /n s/6i/. !na 66i/n/ @;/ ;>/ Faia ;n9;n 66/s9n0/ a ;na :;/6a 7agn/76i 9siia< >

;na 66i/n/ @;/ ;>/ Faia :;/6a 0/ 9;n 66/s9n0/ a;na :;/6a 7agn/76i n/gaia.

Ci6;i /@;ia/n/ 0/ s 76/s 0/ /n /iai8n 79;/sa. Cn/i8n /n0/6iai8n a6ga.

ig.41

E)(/* 3=6:;n 76 79;/s< 0/ 1,,HP< 25, V< n 0/ana0s 0/79/nsai8n< i/n/ ;na 6/sis/nia in/6na< in;i0s s 0/ana0ss/6i/< 0/ ,.,4. Ha> 1,,, ;/as 96 9 /n / a79 /n 0/6iai8n >

104


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3 ;/as 96 9 /n / 0/ana0 s/6i/. La 7a@;ina s/ 7;/s6a /n asig;i/n/ =g;6a. En a< a 6/sis/nia 0/ a79 Fa si0 a;sa0a 9a6aFa/6 gi6a6 / 76 a 12,, 67in. Las 9/60i0as /n / n/< 7/?nias> 7is/?n/as s/ 9;/0/n 0/s96/ia6.

a' C;? /s a 66i/n/ 0/ a79 /n 0/6iai8n 0/ /sa 7a@;ina< /naB' si / 76 /s 79;/s a;7;ai< /n;n6/s/ s; /i0a0;an0 IA 2,, A.' si / 76 /s 79;/s 0i:/6/nia< Fa/ s; /i0a0 ;an0 IA2,, A.

a' En a a 66i/n/ 0/ in0;i0 /s ig;a a /6< 0/ 70 @;/ /a/ in/6n /s ig;a a VT< ;a signi=a @;/ /s 25, V. !na

66i/n/ 0/ a79 0/ 5 A 960;i6? ;n a/ EA0/ 25, V a 12,,67in. S/ saa / a6 0/ a ;6a 0/ 7agn/iai8n @;/ /sa /n ///79 0/ 76/s /n s/6i/.

C*&&")#%) +) ,(* )# +)&","-# 5 AB' EA VT IA&RAX R' 25, A &2,, A'&,.,4 '

EA 242 V.

L ,*&&")#%) )),%" +) ,(* +)/ (*%*& ,*(')$%*

,'('/+* )$

IPF IX NS IA 'AR N N

5 A X 3 2,, A 1,,,

105


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102/201


103/201

Las a9iain/s 9ias 9a6a /s/ i9 0/ 76 sn as7?@;inas as9i6a06as< s aa06s > 6as F/66a7i/nas96?i/s s/7/an/s< > s a9a6as 0/ ina.

ARRANCADORES ARA MOTORES DE CCPa6a @;/ ;n 76 CC :;nin/ a0/;a0a7/n/ /n /

6aBa< 0/B/ /n/6 asia0 i/6 n6 /s9/ia > ;n/@;i9 0/ 96/i8n. Ls 9698sis 0/ /s/ /@;i9%

1. P6/g/6 / 76 n6a 0as a;sa0s 96 6si6;is /n / /@;i9.2. P6/g/6 / 76 n6a 0as a;sa0s 96 sB6/a6gas96nga0as.3. P6/g/6 / 76 n6a 0as a;sa0s 96 66i/n/ 0/a66an@;/ //sis.4. "6in0a6 ;na 7an/6a n/ni/n/ 9a6a n6a6 a/i0a0 0/

:;nina7i/n 0/ 76.

ROBLEMAS EN EL ARRANQUE DE CC

Pa6a @;/ ;n 76 0/ CC :;nin/ a0/;a0a7/n/< 0/B/

/sa6 96/gi0 n6a 0as :sis 0;6an/ / 9/6i0 0/a66an@;/. En as n0iin/s 0/ a66an@;/< / 76 n /sagi6an0. Ya @;/ a 6/sis/nia in/6na 0/ ;n 76 n67a 0//sa as/ /s 7;> Baa /n 79a6ai8n n s; a7a&3 a (Z 96 ;ni0a0 9a6a s 76/s 0/ a7a 7/0ian'< i6;a6a;na 66i/n/ 7;> aa.

!na s;i8n 9a6a / 96B/7a 0/ 66i/n/ //sia0;6an/ / a66an@;/ @;/ nsis/ /n ins/6a6 ;na 6/sis/nia

0/ a66an@;/ /n s/6i/ n / in0;i0 9a6a i7ia6 / ; 0/66i/n/. Esa 6/sis/nia n 0/B/ /sa6 /n / i6;i 0/70 9/67an/n/< >a @;/ / 906a asina6 9/60i0as//sias > Fa/6 a a6a/6sia 77/n 0/ 6si8n/i0a0 0/ 76 Ba/ //sia7/n/ n ;n 77/n 0/a a6ga. La =g;6a $43 7;/s6a / i6;i 0/ a66an@;/7an;a 0/ ;n 76 0/ CC.

108


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ig.43

ARRANQUE DE LOS MOTORES DE INDUCCION

Ls 76/s 0/ in0;i8n n i/n/n a as/ 0/96B/7as 0/ a66an@;/ @;/ i/n/n s 76/s sin68nis. En7;Fs ass< s 76/s 0/ in0;i8n s/ 9;/0/n a66ana6n/?n0s si79/7/n/ a a n/a 0/ 9/nia. Sin/7Ba6g< a //s< Fa> B;/nas 6an/s 9a6a n Fa/6 0//sa :67a< 96 //79< a 66i/n/ @;/ s/ n//sia 9a6aa66ana6 9;/0/ a;sa6 a a0a 0/ a/ /n / sis/7a 0/9/nia @;/ n s/ 9/67i/ / a66an@;/ 0i6/ n a n/a.

Pa6a 76/s 0/ in0;i8n 0/ 66 0/ 0/ana0< /a66an@;/ s/ 9;/0/ g6a6 6/aia7/n/ n Baas 0/66i/n/< ins/6an0 ;na 6/sis/nia a0iina /n / i6;i66< 0;6an/ / a66an@;/. Esa 6/sis/nia a0iina nsa7/n/ a;7/na / 77/n 0/ 6si8n 0/ a66an@;/< sin@;/ a7Bin 0is7in;>/ a 66i/n/ 0/ a66an@;/.

Es i796an/ /n/6 /n ;/na @;/ 7i/n6as a 66i/n/

0/ a66an@;/ s/ 6/0;/ /n 9696i8n 0i6/a a a 0is7in;i8n0/ a /nsi8n 0/ s B6n/s< / 77/n 0/ 6si8n 0/a66an@;/ 0is7in;>/ /n 9696i8n a ;a06a0 0/ a /nsi8n@;/ s/ a9i@;/. P6 an< si / 76 a a a66ana6 n a6ga/n / //< sa7/n/ s/ 906? 6/0;i6 ;na 0//67ina0aani0a0 0/ 66i/n/.

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4.1 INSTALACION ELECTRICA

!na insaai8n /6ia 66/a7/n/ 0is/a0a /79/an67a7/n/ 7a/6ia/s a96Ba0s /6i=a0s 96 asn67as naina/s & in/6naina/s /n ag;ns ass'< /ss7a/6ia/s in;>/n a6is i9s 0/ anaiain/s< aB/s >n0;6/s< aas 0/ n/i8n > 0is9siis 0/ 96/i8n.

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108/201

DISPOSITIVOS DE PROTECCION

En6/ s 0is9siis 0/ 96/i8n > n6 /n asinsaain/s 6/si0/nia/s &insaain/s 0/ Baa /nsi8n' @;/0/B/n ;79i6 n as 0is9siin/s 0/ a NOM,,1SE1++4.

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S/ 9;/0/n 7/nina6 7 :;nin/s g/n/6a/s assig;i/n/s%

S/ 0/B/ 96//6 0/ i6;is s/9a6a0s 9a6a a;7B6a0

g/n/6a< 9a6a nas > a9iain/s /s9/ia/s. Las 6a7as 0/ s i6;is n 7as 0/ ;na sai0a n 0/B/n

/n/6 ;na a6ga @;/ //0a a 5,Z 0/ a a9ai0a0 0/n0;i8n 0/ as 6a7as in0ii0;a/s 0/ a0a i6;i.

E a7a 7/n6 0/ n0;6 /n a;7B6a0 n 0/B/ s/67/n6 0/ $ 12.

D/ a;/60 n a a9ai0a0 0/ a6ga 0/ a0a i6;i s/0/B/n insaa6 aB/6s 0/ 0is6iB;i8n n ans i6;is7 s/a n//sa6i.

Pa6a /s /s n//sa6i na6 n s sig;i/n/s 0is9siis%

In/66;96/s /n aa 0/ a7ina. Ta7Bin ni0s 7 0/s/g;6i0a0< sn in/66;96/s% 0/ naaa n 9;/6a > 9aana//6i6 9a6a a 9/6ai8n 0/ in/66;96< in/66;96/s/677agnis &B6/a]'.

TaB/6s 0/ 0is6iB;i8n. Cni0s 7 /n6s 0/ a6ga 7n:?sias &4*,< 44,< 22, . 6i:asi' >

12) . 7n:?si.;siB/s. Ls :;siB/s sn //7/ns 0/ 96/i8n @;/nsan 0/ ;n aa7B6/ ina 0/ ;na a/ai8n 0/ 97 >/sa n ;n Ba 9;n 0/ :;si8n< @;/ s/ :;n0/ ;an0 s///0/ / i7i/ 9a6a / ;a :;/ 0is/a0< in/66;79i/n0 /i6;i. s/ :aB6ian 9a6a 9/6ai8n 0/ 0s i9s%

114


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111/201

asi=a6 /nn/s 96 n;7/6 0/ 9s > 96 a 7an/6a /n7 s/ ainan /s 9s%

D/ ;n 9 > i6 s/ni. D/ ;n 9 > 0B/ i6. D/ 0s 9s > i6 s/ni. D/ 0s 9s > 0B/ i6.

Ta7Bin s/ asi=an 0/ a;/60 a s;s a6a/6sias :sias 96 s; ;s 7n< as =g;6as 0/ as 9aginas 11( > 11)7;/s6an /ss i9s 0/ a9aga06/s.

C/n6:;gs D/ B8n D/ 9aana

I;7ina0s Cn B@;/ Cn n6 0/ i/79 D/ na 77/n?n/ D/ s/6ii 9/sa0

C*#%,%*$ * %*($ +) ,*&&")#%). La i0/a B?sia 0/ snas /s a 0/ ;n 9a6 0/ nas 7/?is a0a ;nn/a0 a a0a ;n 0/ s aa7B6/s 0/ a ai7/nai8n. S/

ai7/na a s a9a6as 96 7/0i 0/ aias @;/ a /n6a6 /nna n / 96i7/6 9a6 i/66an / i6;i > 9asa a66i/n/ /6ia a 6as 0/ /s. E na /s /nn/s;na 79n/n/ 0is/a0a 9a6a a70a6 ;na aia 9a6a/n6/ga6 9/nia a ag;na 79n/n/ /6ia a9a6a.

E na 0/ 0s /67ina/s Fa si0 0;6an/ 7;Fi/79 / 7as ;sa0< 9/6 s/ Fa s;si;i0 g6a0;a7/n/ 96/ 0/ 6/s /67ina/s< @;/ 9/67i/ a n/i8n a i/66a. Lasn/in/s s/ Fa/n g/n/6a7/n/ Basa0 /n 6nis. La9agina 11* 7;/s6a s i9s 0/ nas.

D/n6 0/ as insaain/s /6ias /is/ a7Bin a9siBii0a0 0/ i0/ni=a6 :aas 0/ a;7B6a0 > 0/ :;/6a. Las:aas a aia6 9;/0/n i6 0/s0/ 0//67ina6 / /sa0 /n @;/s/ /n;/n6a ;na a79a6a > s;s a/s6is< Fasa /6i=a6 //sa0 0/ 9a6/s /s9/i=as 0/ a insaai8n< 7 sa9aga06/s< as aas 0/ n/in/s< / aB/a0< /. Pa6a

116


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/s s/ 0/B/n 6/isa6 ag;ns n/9s B?sis 7 sn s96ini9is 0/ as a79a6as > s;s 9a6/s ns6;ias.

La 7/0ii8n 0/ a/ a9ia0. E a9a6a 9a6a 7/0i6 /a/ /s / 7/6. S/ n/a 7 7;/s6an /n as9aginas 12, > 121.

E/)()#%*$ +) +"$)* +) /*$ $"$%)($ )/,%&",*$.

S/ 7/nina6an s n/9s B?sis 0/ a 7/0ga0/ 0is/ 0/ s sis/7as /6is< Bas?n0s/ /n a n67a=ia 7/iana NOM,,1SE1++4.

E 960; =na 0/ 96/s 0/ 0is/ 0/ ;nainsaai8n /6ia /s ;n n;n 0/ 9ans ;na s/6i/ 0/ 0;7/ns 0/ 0is/< s;a/s 9696inan a in:67ai8n n//sa6ia a sn6aisas 9a6a 96/s;9;/ss.

a6/s @;/ 0/B/n s/6 nsi0/6a0s /n ;n 0is/ 0/sis/7a /6i%

Cnsi0/6ain/s a6@;i/8nias. C60inai8n n as insaain/s 7/?nias< 0/ 97/6a

> //:8nia.

R/@;/6i7i/ns 0/ 969i/a6i.

T/)&*$ ,)#%&*$ +) ,&.

Ls aB/6s > /n6s 0/ a6ga 6/96/s/nan / /n6n/6is 0/ s /n6s 0/ 0is6iB;i8n > ni/n/n s0is9siis 0/ 96/i8n n6a sB6/ 66i/n/ @;/96/g/n a as 79n/n/s 0/ sB6/a6gas 6 i6;i.

117


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114/201


115/201

//6ii0a0< s/ si6/n n a 66i/n/ a /nsin/s @;/a6an /n6/ 12, > 22, is 9a6a / a;7B6a0< > /n6/3*, > 5,, is 9a6a a in0;s6ia.

DEECTOS EN LAS INSTALACIONES Y PRINCIPIOS GENERALESDE PROTECCION SELECTIVA

Las 6/0/s 70/6nas Fan as;7i0 a0a / :67as 7as7;nia0as n n/in/s > 7aas > ai/nain/s si79/s 7i9/s ;a a;7/na a 9siBii0a0 > as a;sas 0/ sini0/n/s as 6/ain/s 0/ s a9a6as sn 96 /0i/6sas< an s/ 6a/ 0/ n/as 6i:?sias n n/;6 aisa0 9;/s a i/66a 0i6/a7/n/ a 6as 0/ 6/sis/nias 0/in0;anias.

Entre los defectos m(s comunes se encuentran:La 9;/sa a i/66a ai0/na 0/ ;na :as/.E na /n6/ 0s :as/s a a i/66a.E na /n6/ 0s :as/s sin 9;/sa a i/66a.Ls 0/:/s 6i:?s/s sin n 9;/sa a i/66a.

)efectos mas frecuentes son:P;/sa a i/66a 0/ ;na :as/ *, a *5 Z

C6 i6;i 6i:?si c *, ZPa6a as/g;6a6 ;na 96/i8n 7?s 6?9i0a > s//ia 9siB/s/ /79/an s 0is9siis 7as a6ia0s< /n6/ s ;a/sia7s%

1. La 96/i8n a79/6i7/6ia a 7?i7a 66i/n/ n/san/s 0/ i/79< 6/s/6a0a /n g/n/6a a as 6/0/s6a0ia/s /n ag;ns ass s/ 9;/0/ a9ia6 /sa 96/i8na7Bin /n 6/0/s n 7aas.

2. La 96/i8n @;/ ;iia a 79n/n/ F79a6 0/ a66i/n/ 0/ a 9/nia &/s /s< 0/ a 66i/n/ @;/ /nas 0/ a/6as s/ i/66a a 6as 0/ /66/n' /s/ i9 0/96/i8n s/ /79/a a 7/n;0 n6a a 9;/sa a i/66aai0/na.

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3. La 96/i8n 0i6/ina @;/ ;iia / s/ni0 a 0i6/i8n0/ 0i/6sas 7agni;0/s /6ias.

4. La 96/i8n 0i:/6/nia @;/ 79a6a 0s 7agni;0/s /nas /6/7i0a0/s 0/ 6 nsi0/6a0< /s 7;> ;sa0a /n96/in/s 0/ aB/s< g/n/6a06/s > 6ans:67a06/s.Es/ i9 0/ 96/i8n s/ a7a a7Bin longitudinal. En /as 0/ n/as< a 96/i8n 0i:/6/nia ngi;0ina6/@;i/6/ a insaai8n 0/ Fis 9is @;/ an 0is9;/ss a a6g 0/ a n/a< 9a6a 9/67ii6 a 79a6ai8n 0/ as66i/n/s & 0/ as /nsin/s @;/ sn a /as9696ina/s'< 96 7/0i 0/ 6ans:67a06/s 0/ 7/0i0a s inn/ni/n/s 0/Bi0s a /ss aB/s< s/ /79/a

7 n/ni/n/ 9a6a as 6/0/s n a6ias n/as /n9a6a/< a 96/i8n 0i:/6/nia 6ans/6sa @;/ 79a6a/n6/ s< a /sai8n 0/ 9a6i0a< a 66i/n/ 0/ as 0sn/as. Mi/n6as an< / s/6ii s/ 0/sa66an67a7/n/< 0iFas 66i/n/s /s?n /n6/ s /n ;na i/6a6/ai8n @;/ a7Bia B6;sa7/n/ /n as 0/ a/6a.

5. La 96/i8n 0/ 0isania< @;/ s/ Basa /n a 7/0i0a 0/ a

0isania 0/ a a/6a n 6/s9/ a in/66;96.

(. La 96/i8n 0/ aa :6/;/nia< @;/ ;iia as n0as 0/aa :6/;/nia &0/ 1(,


117/201

4.2 CONTROL INDUSTRIAL

E n6 in0;s6ia Fa ;ga0 ;n 9a9/ ia /n / aan/0/ a i/nia > 0/ a ing/ni/6a. P6 //79< / n6a;7?i 6/s;a /s/nia /n / n6 n;76i 0/ as7?@;inas > F/66a7i/nas /n as in0;s6ias 7an;:a;6/6as.

D/=niin/s% a a6iaB/ n6a0a /s a ani0a0 n0ii8n @;/ s/ 7i0/ > n6a. La a6iaB/ 7ani9;a0a /sa ani0a0 n0ii8n 70i=a0a 96 / n6a06 a =n 0/0//a6 a a6iaB/ n6a0a< n67a7/n/ /sa a6iaB/ /sa sai0a 0/ sis/7a.

Cn6 signi=a 7/0i6 / a6 0/ a a6iaB/ n6a0a0/ sis/7a > a9ia6 a sis/7a a a6iaB/ 7ani9;a0a 9a6a66/gi6 i7ia6 a 0/siai8n 0/ a6 7/0i< 6/s9/ aa6 0/s/a0.

ACCIONES "ASICAS DE CONTROL

Casi=ai8n 0/ s n6a06/s 8gis in0;s6ia/s.S/ 9;/0/n asi=a6 0/ a;/60 n s;s ain/s 0/ n6 s/ns6&//7/n 0/7/0ii8n'. E n6a06 0//a a s/a 0/ /666< @;/ s;///sa6 a;n ni/ s;=i/n/7/n/ a. Ta7Bin ;/na n ;ni6;i 0/ 6/6ai7/nain. E a;a06 /s ;n 0is9sii 0/9/nia @;/ 960;/ a /n6a0a a a 9ana< 0/ a;/60 n as/a 0/ n6< 0/ 70 @;/ a s/a 0/ 6/6ai7/nai8n66/s9n0a a a s/a 0/ /n6a0a 0/ 6/:/6/nia.

La sai0a 0/ ;n n6a06 ai7/na a ;n a;a06 aina06< @;/ Bi/n 9;/0/ s/6 ;n 76 ;na ?;an/;7?ia< ;n 76 Fi06?;i ;n /6i. E s/ns6 //7/n 0/ 7/0ii8n /s ;n 0is9sii @;/ ni/6/ a

a6iaB/ 0/ sai0a /n 6a a6iaB/ a0/;a0a n ;n0/s9aa7i/n< 96/si8n a/ @;/ s/ ;iian 9a6a79a6a6 a sai0a n a s/a 0/ /n6a0a 0/ 6/:/6/nia. Es///7/n /s / a7Bi 0/ 6/6ai7/nai8n /n / sis/7a 0/a /66a0.

CONTROLADORES NE!MATICOS

Ls ;i0s< >a s/an @;i0s gas/s< sn / 7/0i 7?s

/6s?i 9a6a a 6ans7isi8n 0/ s/a/s > 9/nia< > i/n/n;na a79ia ;iiai8n /n a in0;s6ia. En / a79 0/ aing/ni/6a< / /67in n/;7?i 0/s6iB/ sis/7as ;0is@;/ ;iian ai6/ gas/s< 7i/n6as @;/ / /67in Fi06?;is/ 6/s/6a 9a6a s @;/ ;iian a/i/.

Ls sis/7as n/;7?is s/ ;iian 7;F /n aa;7aiai8n 0/ 7a@;ina6ia 0/ 960;i8n > /n / a790/ s n6a06/s a;7?is.

C7 s sis/7as Fi06?;is > n/;7?is s/ 79a6ann :6/;/nia< a nin;ai8n s/ 6/aia6a ;na B6//79a6ai8n 0/ /ss 0s i9s 0/ sis/7as%

1 E ai6/ > s gas/s s/ 9;/0/n 796i7i6< /n an @;/ /a/i/ n.

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120/201

En as ;i7as 0a0as s/ Fa is ;n g6an 0/sa66 0/n6a06/s n/;7?is 0/ Baa 96/si8n 9a6a sis/7as 0/n6 in0;s6ia > /n a a;ai0a0 s/ /s ;iia a79ia7/n//n 96/ss in0;s6ia/s. Las 6an/s 0/ s; g6an 96/:/6/niain;>/n s;s a6a/6sias 0/ in7;ni0a0 a /9sin/s< s;s/ni/ > s; :aii0a0 0/ 7an/ni7i/n.

CONTROLADORES HIDRA!LICOS

Sis/7as Fi06?;is. D/Bi0 a 0i/6ss :a6/s 7 s;9siii0a0< 96/isi8n< /iBii0a0< //a0a 6/ai8n /n6/9/nia > 9/s< a66an@;/ 6?9i0< 6?9i0a 0//ni8n< in/6si8nn s;ai0a0 > 96/isi8n< > si79ii0a0 0/ 9/6ai8n< si6;is Fi06?;is i/n/n a9iai8n a79ia /n 7a@;inasF/66a7i/na< sis/7as 0/ n6 /n a/6na/ > 9/6ain/ssi7ia6/s. Cn sis/7as Fi06?;is 0/ aa 96/si8n< s/ 9;/0/nB/n/6 :;/6as 7;> g6an0/s. !iian0 /ss sis/7as s/9;/0/n g6a6 6?9i0s 96/iss 9siina7i/ns 0/ a6gas

9/sa0as. S/ ;iian sis/7as 7Bina0s //68nis /Fi06?;is< 96@;/ /s 7Binan as /naas 0/ n6/6i > 0/ a 9/nia Fi06?;ia.

V/naas > 0/s/naas 0/ s sis/7as Fi06?;is.

V/naas1 E ;i0 Fi06?;i aa 7 ;n ;B6ian/< a0/7?s /a

/ a6 g/n/6a0 /n / sis/7a a ;n in/6a7Bia06 0/a6 a0/;a0

2 Ls aina06/s Fi06?;is 9/@;/s 79a6aia7/n/9;/0/n 0/sa66a6 :;/6as 9a6/s g6an0/s.

3 Ls aina06/s Fi06?;is i/n/n ;na /i0a0 0/6/s9;/sa 7as ?gi< n a66an@;/s 6?9i0s< 0//nin/s /in/6sin/s 0/ /i0a0.

125


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4 Ls aina06/s Fi06?;is 9;/0/n 9/6a6s/ sin s;:6i60a /n :67a nin;a< in/67i/n/< /n 6//6sa :6/na0.

5 La 0is9niBii0a0 0/ aina06/s an in/a/s 76ais B6in0a /iBii0a0 /n / 0is/.

( D/Bi0 a a Baa 9/60i0a 0/ s aina06/s Fi06?;is< aa0a 0/ /i0a0 a a9ia6 a6gas /s 9/@;/a.

D/s/naas%

1 N s/ 0is9n/ 0/ a 9/nia Fi06?;ia an :?i7/n/7 0/ a 9/nia /6ia.

2 E s 0/ ;n sis/7a Fi06?;i 9;/0/ s/6 s;9/6i6 a 0/;n sis/7a /6i 79a6aB/ @;/ 6/aia6a ;na :;ni8nsi7ia6.

3 Si n s/ ;iian ;i0s 6/sis/n/s a :;/g Fa> 6i/sg 0/in/n0i > /9si8n.

4 C7 /s 7;> 0i:i 7an/n/6 ;n sis/7a Fi06?;i iB6/ 0/:;gas< / sis/7a i/n0/ a s/6 s;i.

5 E a/i/ na7ina0 9;/0/ a;sa6 :aas /n /:;nina7i/n 66/ 0/ ;n sis/7a Fi06?;i.

( C7 6/s;a0 0/ as n in/ai0a0/s > 6asa6a/6sias 79/as< / 0is/ 0/ sis/7as Fi06?;iss=sia0s /s s;7a7/n/ 79/.

) En g/n/6a s i6;is Fi06?;is i/n/n a6a/6sias 0/a76ig;ai8n 9B6/s. Si ;n i6;i Fi06?;i n s/ 0is/aa0/;a0a7/n/< 9;/0/n a9a6//6 > 0/sa9a6//6 ag;ns:/n87/ns 0/ in/saBii0a0< s/gn as n0iin/s 0/9/6ai8n.

126


122/201


123/201


124/201

6/96/s/na /n a sig;i/n/ =g;6a< ;n n s n7B6/s >aB6/ia;6as 0/ s;s /67ina/s.

An0 2&MT2' An01&MT1' C79;/6a&G'

C;an0 / TRIAC/s a9aga0< n 9;/0/ ;i6 66i/n//n6/ as /67ina/s 96ini9a/s< sin i796a6 a 9a6i0a0 0/a/ //6n a9ia0. E TRIAC< 96 an< aa 7 ;nin/66;96 aBi/6. C;an0 / TRIAC s/ /ni/n0/< Fa> ;na6a>/6ia 0/ ; 0/ 66i/n/ 0/ 7;> Baa 6/sis/nia 0/;na /67ina a a 6a< 0/9/n0i/n0 a 0i6/i8n 0/ ; 0/ a9a6i0a0 0/ a/ //6n a9ia0. C;an0 / a/ /s7?s 9sii /n MT2< a 66i/n/ ;>/ 0/ MT2 a MT1. C;an0

/ a/ /s 7?s 9sii /n MT1< a 66i/n/ ;>/ 0/ MT1 aMT2. En a7Bs ass< /n TRIAC s/ 796a 7 ;nin/66;96 /66a0.

Ls TRIACi/n/n as 7is7as /naas @;/ s SCR > s6ansis6/s sB6/ s in/66;96/s 7/?nis. N i/n/n6/B/s 0/ na< n /is/n a6s /n6/ nas9a6ia7/n/ aBi/6s > 9/6an n 7;Fa 7a>6 6a9i0/ @;/s in/66;96/s 7/?nis< 9696inan0 96 an ;nn6 0/ 66i/n/ 7as 96/is.

Ci6;i 0/ n6 0/ 79;/6a &i6;i 0/ 0is9a6' s/ni 9a6a

;n TRIAC

E DIAC /s B?sia7/n/ ;na 7Binai8n in/6sa /n9a6a/ 0/ 0s /67ina/s 0/ a9a s/7in0;6/s @;/9/67i/ 0is9a6a /n ;a@;i/6 0i6/i8n. La a6a/6sia 0/

129


125/201


126/201


127/201

PRACTICA $1

MEDICION DE VOLTAJE Y CORRIENTE EN !N CIRC!ITOSERIE

OBJETIO:E a;7n a67a6a > //;a6a as 7/0iin/s /6ias66/s9n0i/n/s /n / i6;i 7an0 /n ;/na asa6a/6sias 0/ s /@;i9s 0/ 7/0ii8n.

MATERIAL Y ERRAMIENTA:

1 aia Pinas 0/ 6/ > 9;na5 ?79a6as D/sa67a06/s 0/ 6; > 9a/a5 6/as Naaa 9ina 9/a aB/s1 in/66;96 s/niaB/ 0/ $ 12 &n/g6 > Ban'

ina aisan/

INFORMACION REIA:S/ 9;/0/n 96/s/na6 n :6/;/nia ass 7 96

//79< / @;/ ;n a9aga06 n6/ 0s 7?s ?79a6as sis/ n/an a 6as 0/ a6is s]/s Bas/s 9a6a ?79a6a Baa< n /ni/n0an. Ta7Bin si ag;na ?79a6a s/ 6/i6a 0/ s]/ s/ 679/ s; =a7/n s/ in/66;79/ a i6;ai8n 0/ a66i/n/ /n 0 / i6;i.

PROCEDIMIENTO%1. A67a6 / sig;i/n/ i6;i

2. Cn/a6 a :;/n/ 0/ ai7/nai8n a i6;i.3. Cn / 7/6 n/a0 /n 9a6a/ n a ?79a6a6/gis6a6

/ a/ B/ni0.ddddddddd4. Cn / a79/67/6 n/a0 /n s/6i/ n a ?79a6a6/gis6a6 a

66i/n/ B/ni0a.dddddddd5. A67a6 / sig;i/n/ i6;i.

133


129/201

(. Cn/a a :;/n/ 0/ ai7/nai8n a i6;i.). Cn/a6 / 7/6 /n 9a6a/ n a0a ;na 0/ asa6gas > 6/gis6a6 / a6 B/ni0.*. Cn/a6 / a79/67/6 /n s/6i/ n a0a ;na 0/ asa6gas > 6/gis6a6 / a6 B/ni0.+. Ei7ina ;na ?79a6a > ana @;/ 9asa n / i6;i.

PREG!NTAS%

1. #;/ 9asa a /i7ina6 ;na 0/ as ?79a6as2. S/6ia 96?i ;iia6 /s/ i9 0/ n/i8n

PRACTICA $ 2MEDICION DE VOLTAJE Y CORRIENTE EN !N CIRC!ITO

PARALELO

OBJETIO:E a;7n a67a6? > //;a6? as 7/0iin/s /6ias66/s9n0i/n/s /n / i6;i 7an0 /n ;/na asa6a/6sias 0/ s /@;i9s 0/ 7/0ii8n.

MATERIAL Y ERRAMIENTA:

1 aia Pinas 0/ 6/ > 9;na5 ?79a6as D/sa67a06/s 0/ 6; > 9a/a5 6/as Naaa 9ina 9/a aB/s1 in/66;96 s/niaB/ 0/ $ 12 &n/g6 > Ban'ina aisan/

INFORMACION REIA:Es/ i9 0/ n/i8n /s a 7?s 7n &9a6a/' 6/gis6a6

/ a/ 7/0i0.4. Cn/a6 / a79/67/6 /n s/6i/ n a a6ga > 6/gis6a6a 66i/n/ 7/0i0a.5. A67a6 / sig;i/n/ i6;i.

(. Cn/a6 a :;/n/ a i6;i.). Cn / 7/6 n/a0 /n 9a6a/ /n a0a ;na 0/ asa6gas 6/gis6a6 s a6/s 7/0i0s.*. Cn/a / a79/67/6 /n s/6i/ /n a0a ;na 0/ asa6gas > 6/gis6a / a6 7/0i0.

+. R/gis6a6 @;/ 9asa si s/ 6/i6a ;a@;i/6 a6ga&:' 0/s]/ n a :;/n/ a;n n/a0a.

REGUNTAS:1. Dn0/ s/ 9;/0/n /79/a6 /s/ i9 0/ n/in/s a9a6/0/ ;na insaai8n 07/sia.

135


131/201

2. S/ 906a n6a6 a0a ?79a6a n ;n a9aga06in0/9/n0i/n/< s nddddddddd 96 @;/ ddddd.

PRACTICA $3LAMPARAS INCANDESCENTES &OCOS'

OBJETIO:E a;7n s/6? a9a 0/ i0/ni=a6 s 0i:/6/n/s i9s

0/ ?79a6as inan0/s/n/s.MATERIAL:

Di:/6/n/s i9s 0/ ?79a6as.INFORMACION REIA:LAMPARAS DE ILAMENTOS&OCOS'

La 96i7/6a =nai0a0 0/ ;na :;/n/ 0/ ; nsis/ /n960;i6a< > a /=i/nia n @;/ ;na ?79a6a 6/aia /s/6aBa s/ /96/sa /n 7/n/s /7ii0s 96 ais

ns;7i0s< 6/ai8n a7a0a /=i/nia ;7insa. Las?79a6as 0/ =a7/n 960;/n ; /n i6;0 0/ ;n Fi =a7/n a/na0 Fasa a inan0/s/nia 96 / 9as 0/;na 66i/n/ /6ia a 6as 0/ /.

PARTES PRINCIPALES DE !NA LAMPARALas 6/s 9a6/s 96ini9a/s 0/ ;na ?79a6a &:' sn%

E/ '/*P;/s @;/ ;n =a7/n inan0/s/n/ 0/B/ 9/6a6

/n / a /n ;na a78s:/6a 0/ gas in/6/ 9a6a /ia6 a6?9i0a 0/sin/g6ai8n 0/Bi0 a a i0ai8n< s/ / /ni/66a/n ;na /n;6a 0/ 6isa a7a0a a79a B;B. Ea7a > a :67a 0/ s B;Bs 0/ as ?79a6as s/0/signan 96 ;na /6a /6as s/g;i0as 0/ ;n n;7/6.Las /6as in0ian a :67a 0/ B;B%

136


132/201

S a0 6/< a7a< G 6/0n0 gB;a6< T;B;a6< PS 0/ ;/ 6/< PAR 9a6aB8i< R6//6< A 0/signai8n a6Bi6a6ia a9ia0a a s B;Bs;sa0s 9a6a ?79a6as 0/ s/6ii g/n/6a.

E n;7/6 0/0/signai8n 0/ B;B

in0ia / 0i?7/6 0/ B;B /n as 0/ 9;ga0as. P6//79% T1,e in0ia ;n B;B ;B;a6 @;/ i/n/ ;n0i?7/6 0/ 1,*.

L $):La Bas/ as@;i i/n/ 96 7isi8n n/a6 a a79an / 96a?79a6as. Pa6a =n/s 0/ a;7B6a0 g/n/6a6a 0/ as ?79a6as 0/ a;7B6a0 g/n/6a 0/ 3,,ais 7/n6 /an as@;is 0/ 6sa 7/0ia6/s 0/ 3,, aisi/n/n as@;is 0/ 6sa Mg;.

137


133/201

E/ /()#%*: E =a7/n /n ;na ?79a6a /s / 960;6 0/ ; >

as 96i7/6as nsi0/6ain/s /n s; 96>/ sn s;sa6a/6sias /6ias. La 9/nia 0/ ;na ?79a6a 0/=a7/n /s ig;a a a /nsi8n ai7/na06a 0/96a?79a6as /n is &' 7;i9ia0a 96 a in/nsi0a00/ 66i/n/ &I' /n A79/6is @;/ 9asa 96 / =a7/n

/n 0a s/0/signan 96 ;na 7as /6as @;/ in0ian si / Fi /s 6/ a66a0< s/g;i0as 0/ ;n n;7/6 @;/ /s9/i=a a :67ag/n/6a 0/ =a7/n.

La S 7 96i7/6a /6a 0/ a 0/signai8n 0/ ;n=a7/n in0ia @;/ s/ 6aa 0/ ;n Fi 6/.

La C in0ia ;n Fi a66a0 /n /s9i6a. La CC in0ia 0B/7/n/ a66a0 /n /s9i6a

138


134/201

La R ;n Fi 9an /n :67a 0/ ina

Na% s n7/6s > 6as /6as asigna0as a as 0i:/6/n/s :67as 0/ =a7/nsn a6Bi6a6ias.

Las ?79a6as inan0/s/n/s s/ :aB6iaBan /n ;n96ini9i n B;Bs /n s ;a/s s/ /s FaBa F/F / a / Mg;. Las?79a6as 0/ /n/n0i0 insan?n/ 6/@;i/6/n s ;na 9aia/n a0a /6/7 a si7in/Q i/n/ as@;i 0/ ;na sa9aia.

ROCEDIMIENTO.1. Ea7in/ ;na ?79a6a%

142


138/201


139/201

7?i7as 9a6a 0i/6ss i9s 0/ /@;i9 /n :;ni8n 0/ a a;6a0/ 7na/ 0/ /F.

E 9an /s9/i= /n / @;/ s/ a a s;7inis6a6 ai;7inai8n 9an 6aBa< a7Bin 0/B/ /n/6s/ /nnsi0/6ai8n. s :a6/s @;/ in/6i/n/n /n a ai0a0 0/ ai;7inai8n sn 7;Fas > 79/as< 9/6 /0/s;7B6a7i/n< as 6/ain/s 0/ B6i< a 0i:;si8n > / 69;/0/n nsi0/6a6s/ 7 s 7as i796an/s.

Es;0is //nss 0/ 96/s is;a Fan 0/7s6a0@;/ a si;ai8n i0/a 9a6a ;na B;/na isi8n /s ;n B6i 0/:n0 ig;a a 0/ B/ 0/ 6aBa.

La B/ni8n 0/ B6i 870 9a6a ;a@;i/6 si;ai8n0a0a 6/@;i/6/ ;n /s;0i ;i0a0s 0/ 0s s :a6/si79ia0s< in;>/n0 n s as :;/n/s 0/ ; > as;7ina6ias< sin a7Bin as a6a/6sias 6//6as 0//Fs< 9a6/0/s< s;/s > 7;/B/s > a i;7inai8n 0/ s7is7s.

!na i;7inai8n 0/ B;/na ai0a0 > 0/ a0/;a0a

ani0a0 9;/0/ B/n/6 n ;a@;i/6a 0/ s 0i:/6/n/s i9s0/ ;7ina6ias< asi=a0as n a66/g a a 0is6iB;i8n/6ia 0/ ;. La s//i8n 0/ i9 7?s i08n/ 9a6a;a@;i/6 a9iai8n 9a6i;a6 0/9/n0/ /n 9a6/ 0/ asa6a/6sias :sias 0/ a FaBiai8n< 0/ i9 0/ 6aBa a6/aia6 > as n0iin/s 0/ 7an/ni7i/n @;/ s/ 0/s/anns/g;i6.

METODOS DE IL!MINACIONLa 0is6iB;i8n 7?s ;ni:67/ s/ Bi/n/ 7/0ian/ a

ai8n si76ia 0/ as ;7ina6ias n//sa6ias 9a6a960;i6 a ; 0/s/a0a 96 an s/ 0/B/6? /s;0ia6 ;naai8n a96i7a0a 0/ as ?79a6as< a;s?n0as 0/:67a @;/ / n;7/6 /a 0/ ?79a6as s/ 0//67ina0ii0i/n0 a ngi;0 0/ a FaBiai8n 96 / n;7/6 0/;7ina6ias 0/ ;na =a< 0an0 ;na /6ania 0/ a6/0/06 0/;n /6i 0/ 0iFa 0isania /n6/ a 9a6/0 > a 96i7/6a

144


140/201

;ni0a0. D/ 7an/6a si7ia6< a 0isania /n6/ =as /s aanF;6a 0/ a FaBiai8n 0ii0i0a 96 / n;7/6 0/ =as a96i7/6a =a.

METODO DE CALC!LO DE L!MENESA /79/a6 / 70 0/ s 7/n/s Fan 0/ 7a6s/ /n

;/na in 9;ns :;n0a7/na/s.P;n $1

D//67ina6 / ni/ 0/ i;7inai8n 6/@;/6i0. &Ca9i; 50/ 7an;a /singF;s/'.P;n $2

D//67ina6 / /=i/n/ 0/ ;iiai8n.

E /=i/n/ 0/ ;iiai8n /s a 6/ai8n /n6/ s7/n/s @;/ aanan / 9an 0/ 6aBa > s 7/n/sa/s g/n/6a0s 96 a ?79a6a. Es ;n :a6 @;/ 7a /n;/na a /=i/nia > a 0is6iB;i8n 0/ a ;7ina6ia< a;6a as 6//anias 0/ as 9a6/0/s< /F> s;/. La 6/ai8n 0/ ai0a0 0/ a &RCL' 9;/0/a;a6s/ 7 sig;/%RCL 5&H7' &ngi;0 XanF;6a' & Lngi;0' &anF;6a'

P;n $3D//67inai8n 0/ :a6 0/ ns/6ai8n 9/60i0a 0/

;.A 9a6i6 0/ 0a /n @;/ ;na insaai8n 0/ a;7B6a0

n;/a s/ 9n/ /n :;nina7i/n< a i;7inai8n a s;:6i/n0a7Bis nsan/s a 7/0i0a @;/ as ?79a6as /n///n< as?79a6as a;7;an s;i/0a0 > s/ Fa/ s/ni6 / /:/ 0/6s :a6/s @;/ n6iB;>/n a as 9/60i0as 0/ ;.

E :a6 0/g6a0ai8n 9a6a ?79a6as ;6/s/n/s /sa0a0 7 a 6/ai8n /n6/ a /7isi8n ;7insa 0/ a ?79a6a;an0 Fa 6ans;66i0 / ), Z 0/ s; i0a > / a6 iniia 0/1,, F6as 0/ 0iFa /7isi8n.

145


141/201

La 0is7in;i8n 0/ s 7/n/s /7ii0s 96 ?79a6as;6/s/n/s 0/ =a7/n&:s' s/ 7;/s6a /n as aBasa;iia6/s.

La 0is7in;i8n 0/ /7isi8n ;7insa 96 s;i/0a0 a6ian / i9 0/ ;7ina6ia > / a7Bi/n/ /n @;/ 6aBaa. Las;7ina6ias 0/ 0ii0/n /n s/is a/g6as%

!na / 0//67ina0a a a/g6a< / :a6 0/0/g6a0ai8n 96 s;i/0a0 0/ as ;7ina6ias s/ 9;/0/ //6 /nas ;6as 9a6a a0a a/g6a @;/ s/ 7;/s6an /n as aBasa;iia6/s.

P;n $4

Ca; 0/ n7/6 0/ ?79a6as > ;7ina6ias 6/@;/6i0as.

N;7/6 0/ &ni/ ;7ins /n ;/s' &?6/a'L?79a6as &7/n/s 96 ?79a6a'&C.!'&:a6 0/ ns/6ai8n 7an/ni7i/n'

146


142/201

N;7/6 0/ n;7/6 0/ ?79a6asL;7ina6ias ?79a6as 96 ;7ina6ia

P;n $5

iai8n 0/ /79aa7i/n 0/ ;7ina6ias.

N;7/6 0/ &ni/ ;7ins /n ;' &?6/a'L;7ina6ias &?79a6as 96 ;7ina6ia'&7/n/s 96 ?79a6a'&C!'&:a67an/ni7i/n'

Ni/ ;7ins &7/n/s 0/ a ?79a6as' &C!'&:a6 0/7an/ni7i/n'/n ; 6/a

6/a &?79a6a 96 ;7ina6ias'&7/n/s 96 ?79a6a'&;'&:a6 0/7an/ni7i/n'96 ;7ina6ia ni/ ;7ins /n ;

CALCULO DEL NIVEL DE ILUMINACIN

IDENTIICACI-N

NIEL DE ILUMINACIN

1. DATOS COMLEMENTARIOS DEL LOCAL ALT!RA ANCHO

147


143/201

LARGO MESA DE TRA"AJO

2. SELECCIN DEL TIO DE ALUMBRADOTIPO DE IL!MINACI-N TIPO DE L!MINARIA

DEGRADACI-N DE LA L!MENES PORMISI-N L!MINARIA L!MINARIA

3. SELECCIN DEL COEFICIENTE DE UTILI>ACINRELACION DE CAVIDAD DEL TECHO

RELACION DE CAVIDAD DE LAS PARDES

RELACION DE CAVIDAD DEL LOCAL

4.CALCULOS EN DISTRIBUCIN DE LASLMARASN!MERO DE LMPARAS N!MERO DE L!MINARIAS

L!MINARIAS POR ILA

DISTANCIA ENTRE LMPARAS A LO LARGO DEL LOCALDISTANCIA ENTRE LAPARED Y LA LAMPARA DISTANCIA ENTRE LMPARASA LO LARGO DEL LOCAL A LO ANCHO DEL LOCAL

DISTANCIA ENTRE LA PARED YLA LAMPARA A LO ANCHO DEL LOCAL

PRACTICA $(TECNICAS PARA EL DO"LADO DEL T!"O

OBJETIO:E a;7n 0/B/6? 7s6a6 s 0i:/6/n/s i9s 0/ 0Ba0

0/ ;B > a :67a /n @;/ s/ //;an.

MATERIAL Y ERRAMIENTA:- "an 9a6a 96/nsa.- P6/nsa 9a6a ;B- DBa06 0/ ;B 0/ 12 s/g;/a

148


144/201

- Li7a- T;B 0/ h/ / 9i/ i@;i/60 /n a 9a6/ in:/6i6 0/ 0Ba06 >a/ / 7ang Faia ;s/0< s/gn / ?ng; @;/0/s//&45


145/201


146/201


147/201

PRACTICA $*CALC!LO DE CARGA

OBJETIO:E a;7n a;a6? a a6ga a96i7a0a /n insaain/s/6ias.

MATERIAL:

152


148/201

Pan a6@;i/8ni 0/ a 9ana.

INFORMACION REIA:

E 9;n 0/ 9a6i0a 9a6a / a; 0/ a6ga 0/ ;nainsaai8n /6ia /s / 9an a6@;i/8ni 0/ a 9ana /n0n0/ s/ 7;/s6an 0as as ?6/as 0/ @;/ nsa a asaFaBiai8n< 7/6i in0;s6ia.

La 0//67inai8n 0/ as n//si0a0/s 0/ a0a ;na 0/ as ?6/as@;/ nsi;>/n a 9ana s/ Fa/ sB6/ a Bas/ 0/ asn//si0a0/s 9ias @;/ s/ 0/B/n sais:a/6 > 7an0 /nnsi0/6ai8n s 6/@;/6i7i/ns /s9/=s 0/ 0is/.

La a6ga @;/ s/ a;/ 0/B/ 6/96/s/na6 a a6ga n//sa6ia9a6a / a;7B6a0< nas > 6as a6gas 9a6a /s7s6a7s ;na isa 0/ 0i:/6/n/s i9s 0/ a6ga nai7/nai8n 7n:?sia.

CARGA RESISTIVA &WATTS' CARGA IND!CTIVA&WATTS'

Ca://6a (,, As9i6a06a 45,Pa66ia /6ia )5, "ai06a2,,Rsi/6 14,, C6a06a 0/ aa/1(,,

153


149/201

Tsa06 0/ 9an 11,, A9a6a 0/na125,Es;:a /6ia *,,, En/6a06a4,,G6aBa06a *, E6a6 0/ ;g3,,Ra0i 1,, Laa06a 0/ 69a*,,

T//is6 3,, Laa06a > s/a06a52,,

Ta0iss )5 Laa06a 0/ 9as1,,,PanFa 1,,, Li;a06a5,,

Ca/na06 0/ ag;a 15,, Ma@;ina 0/ s/615,Ca/na06 /6i 1(,, Min 0/ a6n/125,Es/6iia06 15,, P;i06a 0/ 9iss2,,A9a6a 0/ 6a>s 1*,, P6>/6 0/ in/12,,L?79a6a 0/ ;a6 15,, Ras;6a06a

2,L?79a6a 0/ a96 1,,, R/:6ig/6a061,,,s (,1,, S;7a06a2,"as;a 25, S/a06 0/ 7ans1+,,Ca/na06 /6i 1(,, S/a06 0/ 9/5,,1,,,CB/66 /6i 2,, T6i;6a064,,Es;:a 0/ 2 9a66ias 1(5, 9ia06a1)+5

ROCEDIMIENTO:

154


150/201

I. Sii/ /aB6/ / 9an /6i.

II. EaB6/ ;na 6/ai8n 0/ 9siB/s a9a6as > a;7B6a0.

III. D//67in/ a a6ga a.

IV. M/nin/ / B/i 0/ a;a6 a a6ga 0/ ;nainsaai8n /6ia.

V. EaB6/ ;na 6/ai8n 0/ 9siB/s a9a6as > a;7B6a00/9/n0i/n0 0/ sis/7a< 0//67in/ / n;7/6 0/ i6;is.

VI. E9i@;/ /n Bas/ a @;/ 0//67in / n;7/6 0/ i6;is.

VII. E9i@;/ as /naas > 0/s/naas a 0is6iB;i6 a a6ga/n 0i:/6/n/s i6;is.

VIII. C79a6/ a a6ga a 0/ a0a i6;i.Es ig;a Sidddd n dddd si s; 6/s9;/sa /s n< 6/9ia /96/0i7i/n Fasa @;/ as a6gas @;/0/n ig;a/s a96i7a0as.

I. C;a /s a a6ga 7?i7a

. D//67in/ a in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ 7?i7a /n a0a

i6;i.

155

Ta 0/Was(, )5 1,, Cna

sCIRC!ITO

S!MA


151/201

PRACTICA $ +CENTRO DE CARGA

OBJETIO:E a;7n s//ina6a / /n6 0/ a6ga< 0/ a;/60 a

as n//si0a0/s 0/ a insaai8n.

MATERIAL: C/n6s 0/ a6ga.

INFORMACION REIA.

En s aB/6s 0/ 0is6iB;i8n s/ /n;/n6an 0i:/6/n/s//7/ns< 0/ a;/60 a a i796ania > a9ai0a0 0/ asa6gas 7 sn a;7B6a0 > :;/6a.

Pa6a :67a6 / 9an/ 0/ n/in/s in/6i6/s 0/gaBin// /n @;/ s/ /n;/n6a / aB/6 0/ 0is6iB;i8n< s//79/an >a s/a s/6as 0/ B6/ 0/ a anF;6a > g6s6a0/;a0s< 7na0as /n aisa06/s 0/ 96/ana< 6/sina >/9i< ;ni0as n 6nis > ;/6as 0/ 96/si8n.

Ls aB/6s /s?n :67a0s 96 0s 7?s in/66;96/s0/ naaas n 9aana 96 in/66;96/s /67 7agnis.

APLICACIONES%

S/6ii ig/6. E 7an/ 0/ /ss in/66;96/s /s /ninsaain/s /6ias 6/si0/nia< 7/6ia< /. P6

156


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g/n/6a /n ;ga6/s 0n0/ n s/ 6/@;i/6/ aB6i6 /66a6 sin/66;96/s :6/;/n/7/n/.

S/6ii N67a. Es/ 9an/ i/n/ a 7is7a a9iai8n @;/ /0/ s/6ii ig/6< n a 0i:/6/nia 0/ @;/ /s/ 9;/0/;iia6s/ /n insaain/s in0;s6ia/s&96/i8n in0ii0;a 0/76/s' si/796/ > ;an0 n 6/96/s/n/ ;n 9/ig6nsan/.

S/6ii P/sa0. S/ 6/7i/n0a 9a6a :aB6ias< Fs9ia/s:6/;/n/ > / 6/@;isi 0/ s/g;6i0a0< :;nina7i/n >nin;i0a0 /s 7;> i796an/.

Pa6a ;B6i6 ;a@;i/6 n//si0a0< 0s s in/66;96/s

an/s 7/nina0s s/ :aB6ian n 0isins i9s 0/gaBin//.

ROCEDIMIENTO:I. S//in/ ;n 9an/< 0/s?9/ > 7/nin/ as 9a6/s @;/ 79n/n.II. #;/ a/ 7an/a /s/ 9an/III. C;ans i6;is s/ 9;/0/n :67a6IV. M/nin/ a asi=ai8n 0/ s 0i:/6/n/s i9s 0/ 9an/.

V. E9i@;/ as 0i:/6/nias /n6/ ;n 9an/ > 6.

REGUNTAS1. M/nin/ as /naas 0/ ;iia6 s /n6s 0/ a6ga.2. E9i@;/ / 96/s 9a6a 0is6iB;i6 a a6ga /n 0i:/6/n/si6;is.3. 7/nin/ as a6a/6sias 0/ a0a ;n 0/ s s/6iis&ig/6< n67a > 9/sa0'.4. Anai/ ;na insaai8n /6ia&/n6 0/ a6ga' >/9i@;/ / s/6ii @;/ 96/sa s/gn s;s a6a/6sias.

157


153/201

PRACTICA $1,

SELECCI-N DE !SI"LESOBJETIO:E a;7n 906? s//ina6 s :;siB/s a0/;a0s 9a6a;a@;i/6 insaai8n /6ia n / B/ 0/ 96/g/6 sn0;6/s< a9a6as /6is ;iia0s /n / sis/7a > as ;s;a6is 0/ a 7is7a.MATERIAL:

Dis9siis 0/ 96/i8n.INFORMACIN REIA:

A Fa/6 i6;a6 ;na 66i/n/ /6ia a 6as 0/ ;nn0;6< ;n a9a6a< ;n 76 0 ;n sis/7a /6is/ 960;/ /n 0s > a0a ;n 0/ /s ;n a/na7i/n< a6ans:67a6s/ 9a6/ 0/ a /n/6ga /6ia /n /n/6ga67ia si /s/ a/na7i/n /s //si< /gan a @;/7a6s/s //7/ns :;siB/s.

En /s/ as 0/ n FaB/6 s//ina0 a0/;a0a7/n/ a96/i8n n6a sB6/66i/n/ s/ /79i/an a 0aa6 saisa7i/ns 0/ s n0;6/s > ;an0 /s ;66/ s/960;/ / a7a0 6i6;i.

En insaain/s /6ias s/ 7an/as 0i:/6/n/s 0is9siis9a6a 96/i8n n6a 66i/n/%

1. ;siB/s 0/ i9 a98n s/ 6/7i/n0a ;sa6 /n i6;is0/6ia0s 0/ 6a7a @;/ aBs6B/n 7/ns 0/ 3, a79/6/s 0/ 33, a79/6/s. !na/ @;/ s/ :;n0/ / //7/n :;siB/ 96 FaB/6s/96/s/na0 ;na :aa /n / i6;i a @;/ s/ 0a 96/i8na s/a 96 sB6/a6ga 96 6i6;i< /s n//sa6is;si;i6 / :;siB/ 96 6 0/ ig;a/s a6a/6sias.

2. Ls :;siB/s 0/ i9 a6;F a7Bin sn ni0s 70/ i9 in0;s6ia 9;/0/n s/6 6/naB/s< 0/9/n0i/n0 0/i9 0/ a6;F > a9iai8n 0/ /ss > s ;a/s s/ :aB6ian/n 0s i9s%

a' ;siB/s 0/ a6;F n nas 0/ as@;i. Cna9ai0a0 0/ 66i/n/ 0/ 3


155/201

3. E in/66;96 /677agni a7Bin ni0 7B6/a]/6Q /s ;n 0is9sii 0is/a0 9a6a n/a6 >0/sn/a6 ;n i6;i< 0/sn/an0 a a n/aai7/na06a a;7?ia7/n/ 9a6a ;n a6 0//67ina0 0/sB6/66i/n/< sin @;/ s/ 0a/ as 7is7< ;an0 s/ ;iia0/n6 0/ s; a6 0/ 0is/.

Ls in/66;96/s /677agnis s/ asi=an 0/a;/60 a s; a9ai0a0 7?i7a /n a79/6/s /n n0iin/sn67a/s 0/ 9/6ai8n > s; n;7/6 0/ 9s.

!n 9 Ds 9s115 A 215 A12, A 22, A13, A 23, A14, A 24, A15, A 24, A

25, A2), A

T6/s 9s 3X15 A 3X20 A 3X30 A 3X40 A 3X50 A 3X70 A 3X100 A 3X125

A 3X150 A 3X175 A 3X200 A 3X225 A 3X250 A 3X300 A 3X350 A34,, A35,, A 3(,, A

NOTA% Ls :;siB/s / in/66;96/s 0/B/n s//ina6s/ 0/

;n a6 s;9/6i6 a @;/ 6/s;/ 0/ a; /a


156/201

3. E9i@;/ / 96ini9i 0/ :;nina7i/n.4. R/9ia / 96/0i7i/n n ;n in/66;96/677agni.5. M/nin/ as /naas > 0/s/naas 0/ s :;siB/s /in/66;96/s.(. E9i@;/ / 96/0i7i/n 0/ 96;/Ba /n :;siB/s /in/66;96/s). R/ain/ as 9siB/s :aas /n ;na insaai8n.

PREG!NTAS%1. P6@;/ s/ @;/7an s :;siB/s2. #;/ /s ;n 6i6;i > 96@;/ ;66/3. E9i@;/ 7 /nn6a6 ;n :;siB/ in/66;96 0aa0/n insaain/s /6ias.

4. #;/ s/ 0/B/ Fa/6 ;an0 s/ @;/7a ;n :;siB/

PRACTICA $ 11SELECCI-N DE COND!CTORES

OBJETIO:E a;7n 906? s//ina6 s n0;6/s a0/;a0s /ss sn%

a' Va/ 7?i7 a9ia0.B' In/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ 7?i7a.' M?i7a a0a 0/ a/ 9/67isiB/ 0/ a;/60 n /

aiB6/ 0/ n0;6 > a 66i/n/ @;/ n0;/.Es 0/ s;7a i796ania 9a6a / insaa06 > 7na06//6iisa saB/6 s//ina6 s n0;6/s n / =n 0/;iia6 a@;/ @;/ 9696in/ ;n :;nina7i/n< s/6ii >s a969ia0.

161


157/201

ROCEDIMIENTO:1. An/ s 0as sig;i/n/s%

a/ddddddddda6gadddddddddd

2. D//67in/ a in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/& VI s O' Idddddddd3. La in/nsi0a0 0/ 66i/n/ @;/ B;< B;s@;/ /n a aBas; a6 s; a6 a96i7a0.4. C;? /s / aiB6/ 0/ n0;65. C;ans n0;6/s n//sia 9a6a s; insaai8n(. DiB;/ a 0is6iB;i8n @;/ a a 6/aia6). C;ans n0;6/s 9;/0/ in60;i6 /n /sa ;B/6a

*. R/9ia / 96/0i7i/n 9a6a 0i:/6/n/ a6ga.

REGUNTAS:1. C;a/s sn as /naas 0/ s//ina6 aa7B6/

2. #;/ i9 0/ aisa7i/ns s/ 7an/an /n s n0;6/s

3. #;/ i796ania i/n/ a 6/sis/nia /n s n0;6/s

4. #;/ signi=a i6;a6 7i

5. E9i@;/ a i796ania 0/ aiB6a6 s n0;6/s

(. C;a/s aiB6a06/s n/

162


158/201

PRACTICA $12CONEI-N A TIERRA

OBJETIO:E a;7n B6in0a6a 96/i8n a as insaain/s /6ias96 7/0i 0/ as n/in/s a i/66a.

MATERIAL:o Va6ias 0/ Ti/66ao Cn/6/s

INFORMACIN REIA:La n/i8n a i/66a 0/ i6;is< /@;i9 /n;6a 0/n0;6/s< 0/B/6? s/6 9/67an/n/ > nin;a< 0/ na6n a9ai0a0 0/ n0;i8n s;=i/n/ 9a6a anaia6;a@;i/6a 0/ as 66i/n/s @;/ / 9;/0an s/6 n/a0as< >s/6 0/ i79/0ania s;=i/n/7/n/ Baa< an 9a6a i7ia6 /9/nia sB6/ a n/i8n a i/66a< 7 9a6a :aiia6 /:;nina7i/n 0/ s 0is9siis 0/ sB6/66i/n/ 0/i6;i.Ls sis/7as 0/ i/66as 9;/0/n s/6 79a6a0s a ;na a0/na.

ALLA

- R/sis/nia 0/ :;si8n a a F6a 0/ a:aa.

- P6//ni6 0as :sis.

163

COND!CTOR


159/201

- "aa 6/sis/nia 9a6a 96//ni60/sa6gas 9/ig6sas.

- T6ans7ia 7a>6 a79/6a/ @;/ /n0;6.

- N s/ 0//6i6/ n / i/79.- Ca9ai0a0 0/ 6/sisi6 sB6/a6gas

nin;as.

- D/ a7a< 7a/6ia > ai0a0 9a6a6/sisi6sB6/a6gas.

- Cai0a0< /s9ai > 96:;n0i0a0.

- R/sisa a 66si8n

- Va6ia n a 96:;n0i0a0< F;7/0a0 / i9 0/ /66/n.

Las n/in/s 9a6a a6ias 0/ i/66a< 7an/an /sis/7a 0/ n/i8n s0a0a > :6//n ga6ana 0/;ni:67i0a0 /n a n0;ii0a0< a0/7?s :6//n ga6ana 0/6/sis/nia a 6as 0/ i/79.

1. n/in/s 9a6a 96nga6 a ngi;0 0/ a a6ia< a =n 0/g6a6 7/6/s ni//s 0/ n0;ii0a0.

2. n/in/s 0/ aB/ a6ia< /n/7s 6/s i9s 0/n/in/s 9a6a s;s 0i:/6/n/s a9iain/s.

a' aB/ a 9/ 0/ a a6ia B' n/i8n 0/ 9as 0/ aa6ia

164

ELECTRODO

CONECTOR

ELECTRODOTERRENO

TERRENO


160/201

' n/in/s a ;a@;i/6 a;6a 0/ a a6ia.

E n0;6 0/ n/i8n a i/66a 0/ ;n sis/7a 0/anaiai8n 0/B/6? s/6 0/ B6/ 0/ 6 7a/6ia n0;6@;/ n s/ 66a Ba as n0iin/s /is/n/s< 9;0i/n0 s/6s8i0< 6/na0 /n :67a 0/ aB/< aisa0 0/sn;0. Las

;nas 0/B/6? Fa/6s/ 96 agn 7/0i @;/ as/g;6/ ;nna /:/i 9/67an/n/.E //6iisa 9;/0/ siia6 9a6a s; 6aBa a6ia 9a6ai/66a. QC9/6/0Q.

ROCEDIMIENTO:

1. M/nin/ / 96/0i7i/n 9a6a s//ina6 sn0;6/s 9a6a / sis/7a 0/ i/66a.2. #;/ /s ;n //60 > ;a /s s; :;ni8n3. Anai/ insaain/s /6ias > Bs/6/ a n/i8n ai/66a ;iia0.OBs/6ain/s%ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

4. E9i@;/ / 96/0i7i/n 9a6a :67a6 ;na 6/0 0/ i/66a.5. aB6i@;/ ;na 6/0< 7an/an0 a n/i8n 0/ aB/s a asa6ias 0/ i/66a.

REGUNTAS:

1.#;/ /s ;na n/i8n a i/66a > ;a /s s; ;ii0a0

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2.#;/ //7/ns :67an ;na n/i8n a i/66a3.#;/ /s ;na B;/na i/66a4.#;/ i796ania i/n/ a 6/sis/nia /n as n/in/s ai/66a5.#;/ /s ;n 6i6;i(.M/nin/ s i9s 0/ a6ia 9a6a n/i8n a i/66a.).E9i@;/ as 7/0i0as 0/ s/g;6i0a0 9/6sna.

PRACTICA $13INSTALACION DE "ALASTROS

OBJETIO:E a;7n i0/ni=a6a / insaa6a s 0i:/6/n/s Baas6s.

MATERIAL: Di:/6/n/s Baas6s

Pinas D/sa67a06 Ma6i

INFORMACION REIA.

E 0is9sii a7a0 "aas6Q s/ n/a /n s/6i/ na ?79a6a > / a66ana06 / Baas6 6/a6 nsis/ 0/a6ias ;/as /s9i6as 0/ aa7B6/ 0/ga0 a66a0s /n ;nn/ 0/ Fi/66 0/Bi0 a a a;in0;i8n< s/ g/n/6a ;n aa/ /n / insan/ /n @;/ s nas 0/ a66ana06 s/

166


162/201

s/9a6an / in/66;79/n / i6;i. E a66ana06 i/n/ ;na9ai6 /n6/ s 9;ns 0/ na @;/ 6/0;/ / a6@;//n6/ /ss 9;ns.

Diag6a7a 0/ Baas6a n BBina 0/ F@;/

En a9iain/s in0;s6ia/s /s 7n /nn6a6 / ;s0/ ?79a6as ;6/s/n/s /n a/6/s< /n 0n0/ s/6/7i/n0a 9a6a /ia6 / 9a69a0/ 0/ /sas< /s ;sa6?79a6as 9a6/as< /s 0/i6< an0 0s ;Bs /n ;ga6 0/;n /n a ;7ina6ia.

En /s/ as ;n 9/@;/ a;6ans:67a06 //a /a/ 0/ ai7/nai8n Fasa ;n ni/ 6/@;/6i0 9a6a //n/n0i0 0/ a ?79a6a. S/ 7;/s6an a7Bin 0isinas

n/in/s 0/ ?79a6as ;6/s/n/s.Eis/n ;Bs 0/ ?79a6as ;6/s/n/s @;/ n6/@;i/6/n a66ana06 ni 96/a/na7i/n 0/ s =a7/ns >a7Bin s Fa> 0/ a66an@;/ 6?9i0 n 96/a/na7i/n @;/s/ 9;/0/n ;sa6 /n ?79a6as /s?n0a6 0/ i9 a66ana06.

Es n/ni/n/ 7/nina6 @;/ s ;Bs 0/ ?79a6as@;/ n 6/@;i/6/n a66ana06 /an ;n 96a?79a6as/s9/ia a7Bin /s B;/n saB/6 @;/ s ;Bs /an ;n6/;B6i7i/n 0/ :8s:6 @;/ /s / @;/ 0//67ina / 6 0/

a ;< 96 @;/ Fa> g6an a6i/0a0 0/ 6/s /n ;Bs.

ROCEDIMIENTO:I. Ea7ina6 / Baas6%

a' DiB;/ / 0iag6a7a 0/ n/i8n.B' An/ 0s s 0as 0/ Baas6.

II. R/i6/ a aa @;/ ;B6/ a 6/aania.a' #;i/ ;i0a0sa7/n/ / aisan/.B' DiB;/ a :67a @;/ i/n/ a 6/aania.

' Cini0/ n agn 0iag6a7aIII. R/9ia / 96/0i7i/n n 6 i9 0/ Baas6.IV. M/nin/ as a6a/6sias 0/ s Baas6s.V. DiB;/ a n/i8n 0/ 0i

Documents

Manual De Electricidad Industrial