Marcha analítica de separaciones de los cationes del Quinto Grupo

7/25/2019 Marcha analtica de separaciones de los cationes del Quinto Grupo

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INFORME DE LABORATORIO N7 ANLISIS QUMICO CUALITATIVOMarcha analtca !" #"$arac%n"# !" l%# cat%n"# !"l Q&nt% 'r&$%(

INDICE:

OB)ETIVOS FUNDAMENTO TE*RICO +ICTO'RAMAS +ARTE E,+ERIMENTAL

E,+ERIMENTO- RECONOCIMIENTO DE CATIONES DEL

'RU+O V

CUESTIONARIO A+ORTES BIBLIO'RAFA

I. OBJETIVOS

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S"$arar " !"nt2car la $r"#"nca !" "#t%# "l"3"nt%#4 hac5n!%l%#$r"c$tar !" ac&"r!% a #& 6aa #%l&6l!a! "n 8%r3a !" ntrat%#0

II. FUNDAMENTO TERICOEl 'r&$% V n% "# &n /r&$% $rnc$al !" %n"# 9&" ha:a 9&" #"$arar "!"nt2car0 En r"al!a!4 al/&n%# a&t%r"# ncl&:"n "l 'r&$% V "n "l IV0L%# %n"# $r"#"nt"#4 !"#$&5# !" 9&" l%# c&atr% $r3"r%# /r&$%# han#!% #"$ara!%#4 M/;?;0 L%# %n"# a3%n% c%n#"/&r!a! "#t.n $r"#"nt"# "n "#t" $&nt% !"l $r%c"!3"nt% $%r9&"han #!% a/r"/a!%# "n !8"r"nt"# $a#%# a l% lar/% !"l 3#3%0 L%#%n"# #%!% "# $r%6a6l" 9&" ta365n #" "nc&"ntr"n4 $%r9&"c%n#tt&:"n &na 3$&r"@a c%3n !" 3&ch%# r"act%# aa!!%# "n

l%# $r%c"!3"nt%# $r"%#0 A&n9&" la cant!a! !" #%!% a#a/r"/a!% c%3% c%nta3nant" #n !&!a "# $"9&"a4 la $r&"6a !" laa3a $ara "l #%!% "# tan #"n#6l" 9&"4 # #" hac"n a la #%l&cn4$r%6a6l"3"nt" #"r. $%#ta0 E# $%#6l" #"$arar l%# %n"# 8%r3an!%#tanca# n#%l&6l"# 9&" l%# c%nt"n/an c%3% $r"c$ta!%#4 $"r%tal"# $r%c"!3"nt% n% #%n n"c"#ar%#0 La# #al"# !" #%!% : $%ta#%#%n al/% %l.tl"# :4 c%3% "l "#tr%nc% : "l 6arr%4 3$art"n a laa3a /a#"%#a c%l%r"# caract"r#tc%#0 El nc% %n 9&" !"6" #"ranal@a!% $%r $r"c$tacn "# "l 3a/n"#%0 D"6!% a 9&" l%# %n"#a3%n% han #!% aa!!%# c%3% r"act%# "n "ta$a# ant"r%r"#4 n%

"# $%#6l" r"al@ar &na $r&"6a c%n2a6l" !" "ll%# "n "#t" /r&$%0 N%%6#tant"4 al /&al 9&" "n la 3a:%ra !"l%# t"t%#4 a9& ta365n la$r&"6a !"l a3%n% #" !a "n "#t" /r&$%0

III. PICTOGRAMAS

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Stanca

>ClO? H R"#/%#-El c%ntact% c%n l%# %%# $&"!" $r%%car!a%# $"r3an"nt"#0 +&"!" caar "8"ct%# "n "l S0N0C0Irrtacn "n %%# : $"l0

H +r"ca&c%n"#- En alta# c%nc"ntrac%n"# $&"!" #"rn"#ta6l" " ncl% t%c%0

H U#%#- Artc&l%# !" l3$"@a : "n ar3a# 9&3ca# :"$l%#%#0

NaO> H R"#/%#-+&"!" #"r 3%rtal # #" n/"r"0 +ER)UDICIAL #

#" nhala0 +r%%ca 9&"3a!&ra# "n &n .r"a !" c%ntact%0R"acc%na c%n a/&a4 .c!%# : %tr%# 3at"ral"#0

H +r"ca&c%n"#- +&"!" r"acc%nar c%n c"rt%# 3"tal"#4c%3% al&3n%4 $ara /"n"rar /a# h!r/"n% na3a6l"0Et" la "ntra!a "n alcantarlla# n"&tral@ar "l r"#!&%c%n &na #%l&cn !l&!a !" .c!% ac5tc%0

H U#%#-Fa6rcacn !" $a$"l4 t"!%#4 : !"t"r/"nt"#0

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IV. PARTE EXPERIMENTAL

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OBSERVACIONES:

Incal3"nt" la #%l&cn "# nc%l%ra4 al a/r"/ar "l >NOG1N #" l%/ra%6#"rar J"n la ca3$anaK la l6"racn !" a$%r"# 6lanc%# 3&:

n%t%r%# 9&" l&"/% !"l cal"nta3"nt% :a n% #" $"rc6"n0 ANLISIS DE NH4+: a&na $"9&"a $%rcn !" la #%l&cn %r/nal4

#" !l&: "n a/&a : al a/r"/ar r"act% N"##l"r4 "3%# la 8%r3acn

!" &n $r"c$ta!% r%% $ar!&@c%0 U#an!% &n 35t%!% alt"rnat% a

%tra $"9&"a $%rcn !" #%l&cn %r/nal #" l" aa! NaO> :

ta$a3%# "l t&6% !" "n#a:% c%n $a$"l t%rna#%l r%% h&3"!"c!%4 alca6% !" &n%# 3n&t%# %6#"ra3%# 9&" "l $a$"l !" t%rna#%l ca36

!" r%% a a@&l0 ANLISIS DE Mg2+: a &na $%rcn !" #%l&cn :a trata!a Jl&"/% !"

!"ar !" "r a$%r"# 6lanc%#K #" aa!" 3a/n"#n : NaO>4

%6#"ra3%# la 8%r3acn !" &n $r"c$ta!% a@&l0 U#an!% &n 35t%!%

alt"rnat% a %tra $%rcn !" la #%l&cn :a trata!a4 #" l" #at&r c%n

cr#tal"# N>?Cl4 #" a/r"/ a l%# 3n&t%# #" %6#"r $"9&"%#

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cr#tal"# #$"n!!%# "n "l l9&!% : al/&n%# a!h"r!%# al t&6% !"

"n#a:%0 ANLISIS DE Na+: a &na $%rcn !" la #%l&cn :a trata!a4

a/r"/a3%# /%ta# !" r"act% 6lanch"t"r" : %6#"ra3%# la

8%r3acn !" &n $r"c$ta!% a3arll%0 EN EL ANLISIS DE +: a &na $%rcn !" la #%l&cn :a trata!a #"

l" aa! /%ta# !" "tan%l : >ClO?4 %6#"ra3%# la 8%r3acn !" &n

$r"c$ta!% 6lanc% cr#taln% ca# n%t%r%0 U#an!% &n 35t%!%

alt"rnat% a %tra $%rcn !" la #%l&cn trata!a4 #" l" aa! /%ta#

!" "antr%c%6altat% III !" #%!%4 !%n!" #" %6#"ra la 8%r3acn !"

&n $r"c$ta!% 3"!% a3arll"nt%0

REACCIONES !U"MICAS:

An.l## !"l I%n a3%n%H Aa!r r"act% N"##l"r a &na $%rcn !" la #%l&cn

>//G O N>HJacK M/JO>K


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El M/JO>K?Cl4 aa!r N>?O> : Na+O?a la $art" ClO?

El alc%h%l "tlc% #r" $ara !#3n&r la $%lar!a! !"l 3"!%=;; >ClO? =ClO?J#K; >;

H A la $art" ? a/r"/ar NaGC%JNO?Cl : N>?O>4 /"n"ra &n $> P 4

l% c&al c%ntr6&:" a la "l%c!a! !" 8%r3acn a&3"ntan!% lac%nc"ntracn !"l M/;


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La $r"c$tacn #" 8aclt 8r%tan!% la# $ar"!"# nt"rna# !"l t&6%!" "n#a:% c%n la arlla !" !r%0

+%rcn B- La a!cn !" "antrt% c%6alt% JIIIK $r%!&c" &n $r"c$ta!% !"

c%l%r a3arll% l% c&al c%n2r3a la $r"#"nca !" $%ta#%0 An.l## $ara "l #%!% JNa;K- A&n9&" "#ta $r&"6a n% "# 3&: c%n2a6l"4 #r" $ara ltrar 9&" al

3"n%# "#t" &n c%3$&"#t% !" #%!% 9&" "# #%l% 3&: l/"ra3"nt"#%l&6l"0 El c%3$&"#t% n#%l&6l" $r%!&c!%4 /"n"ral3"nt" "# "lac"tat% &ranl% !" @nc : #%!%4 !" c%l%r a3arll% $.l!%0

An.l## $ara "l a3%n% JN>?K-El $a$"l !" t%rna#%l r%% "n 3"!% 6.#c%4 $%r la !#%cacn !"lh!r!% !" a3%n%4 #" $%n" c%l%r a@&l0

V. CUESTIONARIO

#. Ha$%& '( )*ag&aa )% ,'- /a&a *)%(0*1$a& % *( 3)* %( '(a'%30&a

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2. C/%0a& a3 3*g'*%(0%3 &%a$$*(%3 '5*$a3:+++

++ OHPONHMg2

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26 M/N>?+O?JacK; >GNK % catn

a3%n%J>?N;K0 D"6" #& n%36r" a #& !"#c&6r!%r4 "l 9&3c%

al"3.n)&l N"##l"r0 C%n##t" "n &na #%l&cn 4 M !"

t"tra:%!%3"rc&rat% JIIK !" $%ta#% J=/I?K "n &na #%l&cn K0 En $r"#"nca !" a3%nac% % catn

a3%n%4 t%3a c%l%racn a3arllaHnarana : "n /ran!"#

c%nc"ntrac%n"# #" 8%r3a &n $r"c$ta!% c%l%r narana0

Una 8%r3a !" $r"$arar "l r"act% "# !#%l"r 1/ !" :%!&r% !"

$%ta#% J=IK $%r ca!a 13l !" a/&a4 a/r"/an!% &na #%l&cn #at&ra!aJ/LK !" cl%r&r% 3"rcrc% J>/Cl


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a/tan!%4 ha#ta 8%r3acn $"r3an"nt" !" &n l"" $r"c$ta!%0 L&"/%#" a/r"/an 3l !" #%l&cn !" h!r!% !" $%ta#% J=O>K : #"!l&:" a


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VI. APORTES:

Mag(%3*:La# al"ac%n"# !" 3a/n"#% t"n"n /ran r"##t"nca a la t"n#n0 El3"tal #" a c&an!% la l/"r"@a "# &n 8act%r "#"ncal- al"a!% c%n"l al&3n%4 c%n c%6r"% c%n cnc4 "l 3a/n"#% "# 3&: a!% $arac%n#tr&cc%n"# 3"t.lca# l/"ra#4 $ara la n!tra a"r%n.&tca4 cha##!" n#tr&3"nt%# $tc%#4 "#9&"#4 c%rtac5#$"!"#4 a$arat%#%rt%$5!c%#4 3%6lar% !" "t"r%r"# : $ara la 8a6rcacn !" 536%l%#: $#t%n"#0Un $r"$ara!% "n $%l% !"l 3"tal #" a $ara l%# a#h"# 8%t%/r.2c%#4

6%36a# nc"n!ara# : 6"n/ala# !" #"al@acn0En la n!tra 3"talr/ca : #!"rr/ca #" &tl@a c%3%!"#/a#2ca!%r !" l%# 3"tal"#0 S" &tl@a ta365n $ara la "la6%racn!" !r%#4 "n la n!tra c"r.3ca : "n "l trata3"nt% !" a/&a#0El 3a/n"#% 8%r3a c%3$&"#t%# !al"nt"#4 "ntr" l%# c&al"# #""nc&"ntran "l car6%nat% !" 3a/n"#% JM/COGK4 9&" #" a c%3%3at"ral a#lant" : r"8ractar%4 "l cl%r&r% !" 3a/n"#% JM/Cl


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$%r l% tant% "l a3%nac% "# !" tal 3$%rtanca "n la# ca!"na#al3"ntca#0

VII0 BIBLIOGRAF"A :

Arth&r V%/"l4 9&3ca analtca c&altata( "!t%ral =a$"l@0 B#0Ar"# $./0

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Marcha analítica de separaciones de los cationes del Quinto Grupo