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20/03/2015 1 VECTORES UNITARIOS PARA UNA CURVA REGULAR CAPÍTULO I CÁLCULO VECTORIAL SESIÓN 6 Vectores Unitarios ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 2 X Z Y i j k b = (2, 7, 4) k j i b 4 7 2 = [ ] 3 , : b a : C r ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 3 CURVA REGULAR con rapidez arbitraria, denotada por ) (t r' VECTORES UNITARIOS Sea una curva VECTOR TANGENTE ) ( ) ( ) ( t t t r' r' T = ) ( t r' 0 P ) ( ) ( ) ( t t t T r' v = ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 4 ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 5 VECTORES TANGENTES A UNA CURVA REGULAR VECTOR NORMAL PRINCIPAL 0 ) ( ; ) ( ) ( ) ( = t t t t T T T N 0 P ) ( ) ( ) ( t t t N T T = ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 6 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

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Page 1: MB148_ VECTORES UNITARIOS

20/03/2015

1

VECTORES UNITARIOS

PARA UNA CURVA REGULAR

CAPÍTULO ICÁLCULO VECTORIAL

SESIÓN 6 Vectores Unitarios

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 2

X

Z

Y

i

j

k b = (2, 7, 4)

kjib 472 ++=

[ ] 3,: ℜ→ba:C r

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 3

CURVA REGULAR

con rapidez arbitraria, denotada por )(tr'

VECTORES UNITARIOS

Sea una curva

VECTOR TANGENTE

)()()(

ttt

r'r'T = )(tr'

0P

)()()( ttt Tr'v =

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 4

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 5

VECTORES TANGENTES A UNA CURVA REGULAR

VECTOR NORMAL PRINCIPAL

0)(;)()()( ≠′

′′

= tttt T

TTN

0P

)()()( ttt NTT ′=′

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 6

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VECTOR BINORMAL

0P

)()()( ttt NTB ×=

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 7

EJEMPLO 1

Considere la curva regular C definida por:

Determine el vector T(t) en el punto:

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 8

kjir )()cos()()cos()( tsenttsentt ++=

( )1,2,221 −−=P

Solución

Cuando t =7π/4 se obtiene el punto

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 9

( )1,2,221 −−=P

( )

=

−+

==

0,22,

22

47

2cos,cos,2cos1

1)()()(

2

πT

r'r'T tttsen

tttt

kjir )()cos()()cos()( tsenttsentt ++=

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 10

-1-0.5

00.5

11.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1-0.5

0

0.5

X

Curva Cerrada

Y

Z

curvaCERRADA

kjir )()cos()()cos()( tsenttsentt:C ++=

TRIEDRO MOVIL

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 11

0P

El triedro móvil esuna estructura quejuega un importantepapel en la rama delas matemáticasconocida comogeometría diferencialy en susaplicaciones almovimiento de navesespaciales.

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 12

TRIEDRO MOVIL

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ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 13

VIDEO: Triedro Espiral

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

10

5

10

15

20

X

Hélice Circular

Y

Z( ) [ ]π∈= 6,0;,,cos)( ttsentttr

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 14

VECTORES : VELOCIDAD Y ACELERACIÓN

)()(naceleració

)()(velocidad

tt

tt

'r'a

r'v

=

=

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 15

VECTOR VELOCIDAD

)()()(ttt

r'r'T = )()()( ttt Tr'r' =

)()(')(velocidad ttt Trv =

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 16

VECTOR ACELERACION

[ ])()()()( ttdtdt

dtdt Tr'r'a ==

)()()(ttt

r'r'T = )()()( ttt Tr'r' =

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 17

VECTOR ACELERACION

)()()()(

)( tttdt

tdt Tr'T

r'a ′+=

[ ])()()()( ttdtdt

dtdt Tr'r'a ==

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 18

VECTOR ACELERACION

→′′

=)()()(

ttt

TTN )()()( ttt NTT ′=′

)()()()(

)( tttdt

tdt Tr'T

r'a ′+=

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ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 19

VECTORA ACELERACION

)()()()()()( tttsttst NTTa ′′+′′=

)()()()(

)( tttdt

tdt Tr'T

r'a ′+=

,)((t)pero: ts r'=′ )()()( ttt NTT ′=′

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 20

COMPONENTES DE LA ACELERACION

{ )()()()()()( tttsttstNT aa

NTTa 43421′′+′′=

)()()()()()( tttsttst NTTa ′′+′′=

COMPONENTES DE LA ACELERACION

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 21

)(tsaT ′′=

)()( ttsaN T ′′=

Componente tangencial de la aceleración

Componente normal de la aceleración

COMPONENTES DE LA ACELERACION

)()()( tatat NT NTa +=

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 22

)()()()()()( tttsttst NTTa ′′+′′=

COMPONENTES DE LA ACELERACION

Ta

T

Na N

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 23

)()()( tatat NT NTa +=

)(tsaT ′′=

)()( ttsaN T ′′=

22

222

222

)(

)(

)()()(

TN

NT

NT

ata

aat

tatat

−=

+=

+=

a

a

NTa

COMPONENTES DE LA ACELERACION

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 24

)()()( tatat NT NTa +=

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'r'r ×'

r'

'r'

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 25

Vector Binormal

)()()()()(

ttttt

'r'r''r'r'B

××

=

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 26

[ ]batttt ,);()()( ∈∀= TBN x

VECTORES UNITARIOS

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 27

)()()(

ttt

r'r'T =

)()()()()( tt

ttt TB

TTN x=

′′

=

)()()()()()()(

ttttttt

'r'r''r'r'NTB

××

== x

PARA UNA CURVA REGULAR Y DE RAPIDEZ ARBITRARIAEJEMPLO 2

Considerando la siguiente función vectorial

Determine los vectores unitarios T(t), B(t), N(t) para t = 0, 1, 2.

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 28

=

3,,2)(

32 ttttr

Solución

Vector Tangente

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 29

( )( )2

,2,2)()()( 2

2

+==

′′

ttt

ttt

rrT

=

3,,2)(

32 ttttr Solución: vector Binormal

( )( )2

2,2,)()()()()( 2

2

+−

=××

=t

ttttttt

'r'r''r'r'B

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 30

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Solución

Vector Normal Principal

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 31

( )( )

( )( )

( )( )22

343

2

2

2

2

242,4,42)(

2,2,2

22,2,)()()(

+

+−−−=

++−==

ttttttt

ttt

tttttt

N

TBN xx

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 32

( )( )2

,2,2)( 2

2

+=

ttttT ( )

( )22,2,)( 2

2

+−

=t

tttB

( )( )22

343

242,4,42)(

+

+−−−=

tttttttN

Solución: VECTORES UNITARIOS

Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 33

t r(t) T(t) N(t) B(t)

0 P0(0, 0, 0) (1,0,0) (0,1,0) (0,0,1)

1 P1(2, 1, 1/3)

2 P2(4, 4, 8/3)

)1,2,2(31 )2,1,2(

31

− )2,2,1(31

)2,1,2(31

−− )1,2,2(31

−)2,2,1(31

=

3,,2)(

32 ttttC r:

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 34curvaregular6

-2 0 2 4 6 8

-5

0

5

10-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

X

Y

Z

Curvavector tangentevector normalbinormal

=

3,,2)(

32 ttttC r:

EJEMPLO 3

Determine el vector Binormal de la curva plana

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 35

[ ]π4,0;3)cos()(cos)( ∈+−++= ttttsentsenttt kjir

Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 36

[ ]π4,0;3)cos()(cos)( ∈+−++= ttttsentsenttt kjir

[ ]

=∈−=

+=

34,0,cos

cos:

ztttsenty

tsenttxC π

La curva C esta contenida en el plano z = 3

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Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 37

( ) 0)1,0,0(,0,0)(

)()()()()(

2

2

≠===

××

=

tt

tt

ttttt

k;B

'r'r''r'r'B

[ ]π4,0;3)cos()(cos)( ∈+−++= ttttsentsenttt kjir

Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 38

kB =)(tVector Binormal constante

[ ]π4,0;3)cos()(cos)( ∈+−++= ttttsentsenttt kjir

0=′= )(ttd

d BBNOTA:

-15 -10-5

0 5 10

-15-10

-50

510

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4

XY

Z

CURVA PLANA

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 39

CurvaPlana

[ ]π4,0;3)cos()(cos)( ∈+−++= ttttsentsenttt kjir

VECTORES UNITARIOS

CURVA REGULAR DE RAPIDEZ UNITARIA

1)( =su'

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 40

CURVA REGULAR DE RAPIDEZ UNITARIA

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 41

[ ] 3,:: ℜ→dcC u

1)( =′ surapidez unitaria

s : longitud de arco

Sea una curva

CURVA REGULAR DE RAPIDEZ UNITARIA

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 42

)()( ssT u'=

VECTOR TANGENTE

1)( =su'

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CURVA REGULAR DE RAPIDEZ UNITARIA

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 43

)()(

)()()(

ss

sss

'u''u'

TTN =

′′

=

VECTOR NORMAL PRINCIPAL

1)( =su'

CURVA REGULAR DE RAPIDEZ UNITARIA

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 44

)()()( sss NTB ×=

VECTOR BINORMAL

1)( =su'

)()()()(

ssss

'u''u'u'B x

=

VECTORES UNITARIOS

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 45

)()( ss u'T =

)()(

)()()(

ss

sss

uu

TTN

′′′′

=′′

=

)()()()()()(

ssssss

'u''u'u'NTB ×

== x

PARA UNA CURVA REGULAR Y DE RAPIDEZ UNITARIAEJEMPLO 4

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 46

Sea C la curva suave de rapidez unitaria, definida por

( )

−=

+=

=

=

sszsysx

sarctan

1ln

arctan

)( 222u

Determine los vectores unitarios Tangente, Normal y Binormal.

Solución: vector tangente

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 47

)()( ss u'T =

( )22 ,2,1

11)( sss

s+

=T

( )

−=

+=

=

=

sszsysx

sarctan

1ln

arctan

)( 222u

Solución: vector normal principal

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 48

)()(

)()()(

ss

sss

'u''u'

TTN =

′′

=

( ) ( )( )ssss

s 2,12,21

1)( 222

−−+

='u'

212)(s

s+

=′′u

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Solución: vector normal principal

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 49

( ) ( )( )ssss

s 2,1,21

1)( 22 −−

+=N

)()(

)()()(

ss

sss

'u''u'

TTN =

′′

=

Solución: vector Binormal

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 50

( )( )1,2,1

1)( 22 ss

ss −

+=B

)()()()(

ssss

'u''u'u'B x

=

Solución: vectores unitarios

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 51

( )( )1,2,1

1)( 22 ss

ss −

+=B

( ) ( )( )ssss

s 2,1,21

1)( 22 −−

+=N

( )22 ,2,1

11)( sss

s+

=T

( )

−=+=

=

=ssz

sysx

sarctan

1ln

arctan

)( 222u s: longitud de arco

Solución: vector Binormal

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 52

( )( )1,2,1

1)( 22 ss

ss −

+=B

212)(s

s+

=B'

( ) ( )( )ssss

s 2,12,21

1)( 222

−−+

=B'

s: longitud de arco

0)(lim =∞→

ss

B'

Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 53

s P B(s) B’(s) ||B’(s)||

0 (0,0,0) (0, 0, 1) (0,-√2,0) 2

1 (0.78,0.49,0.21) ½(1,-√2,1) ¼(2,0,-2) 1

2 (1.11,1.14,0.89) 1/5(4,-2√2,1) 1/25(4,3√2,-4) 2/5=0.4

3 (1.25,1.63,1.75) 1/10(9,-3√2,1) 1/100(6,8√2,-6) 2/10=0.2

( )( )1,2,1

1)( 22 ss

ss −

+=B 21

2)(s

s+

=B' Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 54

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

-0.50

0.51

1.52

2.5-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

XY

Z

Curvau(0)u(1)u(2)u(3)Vector Binormal

curvaregular5

||B’(0)||=2||B’(1) || =1||B’(2) ||=0,4||B’(3) ||=0.2

212)(s

s+

=B'

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ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 55

RECTAS

Recta Tangente Recta Normal

B

TN

Recta Binormal

0P

C

RECTAS

RECTA TANGENTE A C EN P0 (x0, y0, z0) esta dado por

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 56

{ }ℜ∈+= λλ /)(: 00 tPPT Tl

RECTA

RECTA NORMAL A C EN P0 (x0, y0, z0) esta dado por:

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 57

{ }ℜ∈+= λλ /)(: 00 tPPN Nl

PLANOS

B

TN

PlanoOsculador

PlanoNormal

Plano

Rectificante

Recta TangenteRecta Normal

Recta Binormal

0P

C

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 58

PLANOS

• Plano Osculador en el punto P0 (x0, y0, z0)

• Plano Normal Principal en el punto P0 (x0, y0, z0)

• Plano Rectificante en el punto P0 (x0, y0, z0)

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 59

( )[ ] 0)(,,),,(: 0000 =⋅−Ρ tzyxzyx B

( )[ ] 0)(,,),,(: 0000 =⋅−Ρ tzyxzyx T

( )[ ] 0)(,,),,(: 0000 =⋅−Ρ tzyxzyx N

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 60

PLANO OSCULADOR A LA CURVA REGULAR C

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ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 61

( )[ ] 0)(,,),,(: 0000 =⋅− tzyxzyxΡ B

PLANO OSCULADOR A LA CURVA REGULAR C EJEMPLO 5

Determine el vector binormal y la ecuación del plano osculador a la curva regular

en el punto

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 62

π20)()cos()()cos()(:

≤≤++=

ttsenttsenttC kjir

( )1,2,221 −−=P

Solución: vector Binormal

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 63

×

×

=

47

47

47

47

47

ππ

πππ

'r'r'

'r'r'B

( )1,2,2,4

721 −−== Pt π

Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 64

( )1,2,25

1)4/7(

BinormalVector

−=πB

( )1,2,2,4

721 −−== Pt π

Solución: Plano Osculador

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 65

( )1,2,2,4

721 −−== Pt π

04

721,

22,

22),,(: =

−−− πBzyxP

( )1,2,25

1)4/7( −=πB

Solución

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 66

2322

OsculadorPlano

=+− zyx

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Gráfica

ROSA NIQUE ALVAREZ 67

curvaCERRADA1-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-1-0.5

0

0.5

1-0.5

0

0.5

X

Curva Cerrada

Y

Z

π20)()cos()()cos()(:

≤≤++=

ttsenttsenttC kjir

EJEMPLO 6

68Rosa Ñique Alvarez

Dada la siguiente curva regular

Determine el vector binormal y el plano osculador para cada punto de C cuando t = 0,1,2.

=

3,,2)(:

32 ttttC r

Solución

69Rosa Ñique Alvarez

=

3,,2)(:

32 ttttC r

( )2

2,2,)( 2

2

+−

=t

tttB

)2,2,1(31)1(,1 −== Bt

)1,2,2(31)2(,2 −== Bt

kB === )1,0,0()0(,0t

)()()()()(

ttttt

'r'r''r'r'B

××

=

Solución Plano osculador

Rosa Ñique Alvarez 70

[ ] 0)0()0(),,(:,0 0 =⋅−= BrzyxPt

[ ] 0)1()1(),,(:,1 1 =⋅−= BrzyxPt

[ ] 0)2()2(),,(:,2 2 =⋅−= BrzyxPt

=

3,,2)(:

32 ttttC r

Solución Plano osculador

Rosa Ñique Alvarez 71

[ ] 0)0()0,0,0(),,(:,0 =⋅−= BzyxPt

[ ] 0)1()3/1,1,2(),,(:,1 =⋅−= BzyxPt

[ ] 0)2()3/8,4,4(),,(:,2 =⋅−= BzyxPt

=

3,,2)(:

32 ttttC r

Solución Plano osculador

Rosa Ñique Alvarez 72

0:,0 0 == zPt

yxzzyxPt +−=→=+−=21

312663:,1 1

yxzzyxPt 22388366:,2 2 +−=→=+−=

=

3,,2)(:

32 ttttC r

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Plano osculador a C para t =0,1,2

Rosa Ñique Alvarez 73

=

3,,2)(:

32 ttttC r

-20

24

68

-20

24

68-2

0

2

4

6

PlanoOsculador2

kB =)0(

)2,2,1(31)1( −=B

)1,2,2(31)2( −=B

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