mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da …eugbc.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/1-52_129_965394... · 2014. 3. 31. · 2 evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, axali

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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi

Tbilisi 2010


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Export of frEsh fruits and VEgEtablEs to EuropEanunion MarkEt froM third CountriEs

leT veb-gverdis misamarTze www.delgeo.ec.europa.eu

veb-gverdis mi-

samarTze www.eugbc.net

ISBN

avtorebi: konstantine zaldastaniSviliTaTia julayiZe

978-9941-0-2619-5

1


s a r C e v i

1. Sesavali 3

2. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli standartebi 5

3. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis 14

4. janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa

da mcenareul produqtebze 20

5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze 25

danarTi 1 axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul

standartebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikatis forma 32

danarTi 2 axali xilisa da bostneulis samrewvelo

gamoyenebis sertifikatis forma 33

danarTi 3 fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma 34

danarTi 4 mcenaris gadaadgilebis dokumenti 36

danarTi 5 publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli evrokavSiris

sakanonmdeblo dokumentebi 37

Summary Export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables from Third Countries to the European Union Market 38

2


3


1. Sesavali

mesame qveynebidan1 axali xilisa da bostneulis2 evrokavSiris

bazarze importis wesebis umravlesoba harmonizebulia

evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris da rogorc axali xilisa

da bostneulis marketingul standartebs, aseve sursaTis higienisa

da uvneblobis zogad moTxovnebs moicavs. winamdebare publikacia

aRwers aRniSnul standartebs da evrokavSiris Sida bazris im

moTxovnebs, romelTa codnac aucilebelia mesame qveynebidan, maT

Soris saqarTvelodan, axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris

bazarze eqsportirebisTvis.

evrokavSiris sasoflo-sameurneo (maT Soris axali xilisa

da bostneulis) bazris erTian organizebas, sasoflo-sameurneo

produqtebis warmoebisa da marketingis wesebs, specifikur debule-

bebs zogierTi sasoflo-sameurneo produqtisTvis, aseve sasoflo-

sameurneo produqtebiT mesame qveynebTan vaWrobis reJimebs evro-

kavSiris sabWos 2007 wlis 22 oqtombris No 1234/2007 regulacia

gansazRvravs.

evrokavSiris sabWos zemoT aRniSnul regulaciaze dayrdnobiT,

evrokomisiam SeimuSava 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia,

romelic gansazRvravs konkretulad axali xilisa da bostneulis

zogad da specifikur marketingul standartebs da eqsport-importis

procedurebs. aqedan gamomdinare, evrokomisiis es regulacia, mesame

qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze

eqsportiorebisTvis erT-erT mTavar saxelmZRvanelo dokuments

warmoadgens.

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis

Tanaxmad, marketinguli standartebi moicavs xilisa da bostneu-

lis warmoebisa da komercializaciis yvela etaps, importisa da eqs-

portis CaTvliT. marketinguli standartebi momxmarebels awvdis

informacias produqtis warmoSobis qveynis, produqtis klasisa da

saxeobis Sesaxeb. es standartebi gansazRvraven produqtis xarisxs,

klasifikacias, zomas, SefuTvas, dafasoebas, Senaxvas, transportire-

bas, wardgenas da etiketirebas. mesame qveynebidan importirebisas,

1 mesame qveynebad iwodebian is saxelmwifoebi, romlebic ar arian evrokavSiris wevri

qveynebi, im qveynebis CaTvliT, romlebic evrokavSirTan specialuri politikuri da

ekonomikuri uerTierTobebiT sargebloben (evrokavSiris asocirebuli wevri qveyne-

bi, evrokavSirTan stabilurobisa da asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT dakavSirebuli

qveynebi da a.S.)

2 evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, axali xili da bostneuli miekuTvneba

sakvebis im kategorias, romelic moicavs: axal xils, bostneuls, mwvanils, ylortebs,

sokos da agreTve minimalurad damuSavebul sakvebad gamzadebul xilsa da bost-

neuls. minimalurad damuSavebaSi igulisxmeba xilisa da bostneulis gasufTaveba,

daWra, danawevreba, an daqucmaceba maT SefuTvamde.

4


produqtis standartebTan Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris wevri qvey-

nebis Sesabamisi sainspeqcio organoebis mier mowmdeba.

produqtis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisoba, produqtis

mier evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTisas mowmdeba, da masze e.w. Se-

sabamisobis sertifikati gaicema. xsenebuli sertifikati aucilebe-

lia, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris

bazarze Sesatanad. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli

standartebi da maTTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis procedura wi-

namdebare publikaciis meore TavSia aRwerili. mesame TavSi ki mo-

cemulia specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis.

axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis,

marketingul standartebTan erTad, aucilebelia sanitaruli da

fitosanitaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba, rac evrokavSiris

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, adamianisa da mcenareTa janmrTelobis

dacvis kidev erTi garantiaa. evrokavSiris sanitaruli da

fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos

2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaSi. aRniSnuli direqtivis

Tanaxmad, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis

evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas, saWiroa mcenaris janmrTelobis

da fitosanitaruli sertifikatis wardgena. sertifikati gacemuli

unda iqnas mesame qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier da unda

adasturebdes, rom saeqsporto sasoflo-sameurneo produqcia ar

Seicavs adamianis janmrTelobisTvis mavne organizmebs da ar aris

mcenareuli daavadebebis matarebeli. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb informacia

publikaciis meoTxe TavSia mocemuli.

axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze importi-

sas, evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi amowmeben am produqciis Sesabam-

isobas sursaTis higienasa da sursaTis uvneblobaze evrokavSiris

iseT moTxovnebTan, rogorebicaa sakvebi danamatebis, pesticidebis

da damabinZureblebis arseboba. evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kanon-

mdeblobazea damokidebuli, Tu sad Catardeba amgvari Semowmeba:

sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze, importioris sawyobSi Tu sacalo

vaWrobis qselSi. sursaTis uvneblobis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris mTa-

var sakanonmdeblo aqts evrokavSiris sabWosa da evroparlamentis

2002 wlis 28 ianvris No 178/2002 regulacia warmoadgens. am regula-

ciis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze importirebuli sakvebi “unda

Seesabamebodes sursaTis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis

moTxovnebs an am moTxovnebis eqvivalenturad aRiarebul pirobebs”.

aqedan gamomdinare, evrokavSiris bazarze mesame qveynebidan (maT So-

ris saqarTvelodan) importirebuli sakvebi unda Seesabamebodes

imave standartebs, rac evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebisTvisaa

dawesebuli. evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis zogadi moTxovnebi

aRwerilia publikaciis mexuTe TavSi.

5


aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSiris bazarze cxoveluri warmoSobis

produqtebis eqsportisgan gansxvavebiT, axali xilisa da

bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis wesebi naklebad

mkacria. cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis evrokavSiris bazarze

eqsportisTvis, evrokavSirisgan eqsportze Tanxmobis miReba da

mesame qveynis mewarmis im sawarmoTa siaSi Seyvanaa aucilebeli,

romlebsac aRniSnuli produqciis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis

ufleba aqvT. es wesi ar vrceldeba evrokavSiris bazarze

axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportiorebze. Tumca, axali

xilisa da bostneulis eqsportiori valdebulia, uzrunvelyos

saqonlis Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis zogad

standartebTan da waradginos fitosanitaruli da marketingul

standartebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikatebi.

2. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli standartebi

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris

No 1221/2008 regulacia gansazRvravs axali xilisa da bostneulis

seqtoris zogad da specifikur marketingul standartebs. aRniSnuli

regulaciis Tanaxmad, axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris

bazarze realizacia dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqti

saRia, akmayofilebs sabazro xarisxs da masze miTiTebulia

warmoSobis qveyana. evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebis sainspeqcio

organoebi3 aseve uzrunvelyofen importisTvis gankuTvnili

produqciis zogad marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis

Semowmebas da gascemen Sesabamisobis sertifikats, rac aucilebelia

axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze Setanisas.


pirveli danarTis nawili A adgens axali xilisa da bostneulis

zogad marketingul standartebs, rogorebicaa:

1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTac

produqti unda iyos:

o mTeli;o saRi (gamoiricxeba produqti, romelic lpobis an

gafuWebis stadiaSia da moxmarebisTvis uvargisia);

o sufTa (yovelgvari SesamCnevi ucxo nivTierebis

3 sainspeqcio organo(ebi) - evrokavSiris wevri TiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvru-

li sainspeqcio organo(ebi), romelic pasuximgebelia axali xilisa da bostneulis

marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze, produqciis Tavisufal mimo-

qcevaSi gaSvebamde.

6


gareSe);

o mavneblebis gareSe;

o mavneblebis mier gamowveuli dazianebis gareSe;

o uCveulo garegani sinotivis gareSe;o yovelgvari ucxo sunis an gemos gareSe;

o iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom gauZlos trasportirebas

da daniSnulebis adgilamde miaRwios

damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi;

2. simwifis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTac

produqti unda iyos damakmayofileblad mwife. produqtis

simwifis xarisxi imgvari unda iyos, rom produqtma

gaagrZelos damwifeba da simwifis damakmayofilebel dones

miaRwios;

3. am moTxovnebidan gadacdoma, romlis mixedviTac

eqsportirebuli produqciis TiToeul lotSi dasaSvebia

produqtis mTeli raodenobis mxolod 10% iseTi

produqtebis arseboba, romlebic ar akmayofilebs xarisxis

minimalur moTxovnebs. xsenebuli ar vrceldeba produqtze,

romlebic lpobis stadiaSia, an gafuWebulia im doneze, rom

moxmarebisTvis uvargisia;

4. produqtis warmoSobis qveynis aRniSvnis moTxovna, romlis

Tanaxmad produqtze garkveviT da srulad unda iyos

aRniSnuli produqtis warmoSobis qveyana. warmoSobis

qveyana, produqtis daniSnulebis qveynis momxareblisTvis

gasageb enaze unda iyos miTiTebuli.


Tanaxmad, xilisa da bostneulis zogierTi saxeoba Tavisufalia

zogadi marketinguli standartebis moTxovnisgan. esenia:

• sokoebi, garda kultivirebuli sokosi (CN4 code 0709 59)• kapari (CN code 0709 90 40)• mware nuSi (CN code 0802 11 10)• naWuWiani nuSi (CN code 0802 12)• naWuWiani Txili (CN code 0802 22)• naWuWiani kakali (CN code 0802 32)• miwis Txili (CN code 0802 90 50)• zafrana (CN code 0910 20)evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis

4 CN – kombinirebuli nomenklatura - evrokavSiris saimporto tarifis erTiani

statistikuri da satarifo nomenklatura. damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT ev-

rokavSiri-saqarTvelos biznes sabWos 2008 wlis broSura “evrokavSiris bazarze

importirebuli saqonlis dabegvris Taviseburebani” www.eugbc.net.

7


mixedviT, specifikuri marketinguli standartebi miesadageba Semdeg

produqtebs da individualuria TiToeuli maTganisTvis:

1. vaSli 6. msxali

2. citrusebi 7. marwyvi

3. kivi 8. tkbili wiwaka

4. salaTa 9. sufris yurZeni

5. atami da neqtarini 10. pomidori

xilisa da bostneulis zemoT CamoTvlili aT saxeobas, aseve

miesadageba SefuTvisa da etiketze aRniSvnebis specialuri

wesebic. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi TviToeuli zemoT

CamoTvlili produqtisTvis mocemulia evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5

dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis pirveli danarTis B nawilSi. winamdebare publikaciis momdevno TavSi, magaliTis saxiT, aRwer-

ilia specifikuri marketinguli stanadartebi citrusebisTvis.

specifikuri marketinguli standartebis mixedviT, produqti

unda akmayofilebdes xarisxis minimalur moTxovnebs, produqtis

zomis specialur moTxovnebs da unda iyos erTgvarovani. garda

amisa, TiToeuli produqti, romelic specifikuri marketinguli

standartebis moTxovnebs eqvemdebareba, sami gansxvavebuli xarisxis

klasad iyofa:

• eqstra klass miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produqti,

romelic garegnulad erTgvarovania, mxolod odnavi

zedapiruli defeqtebiT;

• pirveli klasis produqti aris kargi xarisxis, mxolod

mcire defeqtebiT;

• meore klasis produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,

romelsac SeiZleba gaaCndes erTi an ramdenime defeqti.

yvela saxis axali xili da bostneuli, romelsac ar miesadageba

specifikuri marketinguli standartebi, unda akmayofilebdes

evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil zogad marketingul

standartebs. Tu produqtis realizators SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom

produqti Seesabameba gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE)5 mier dadgenil marketingul standartebs, unda CaiTvalos, rom igi

akmayofilebs zogad marketingul standartebs.

evrokavSiris bazarze moxvedramde, unda moxdes marketingul

5 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) – gaeros erT-erTi regionuli

komisiaa, romelic aerTianebs evrokavSiris, aRmosavleT da samxreT evropis, dsT-s

da CrdiloeT amerikis 56 qveyanas saqarTvelos CaTvliT. mdgradi ganviTarebisa da

ekonomikuri keTildReobis xelSewyobis mizniT, UNECE wevri qveynebi TanamSromlo-

ben ekonomikur sakiTxebSi da SeimuSeveben saerTaSoriso normebs, standartebsa da

rekomendaciebs, maT Soris axali xilisa da bostneulis seqtorisTvis.

8


standartebTan mesame qveynebSi warmoebuli axali xili da

bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba.

amgvari Semowmeba SeiZleba moxdes:

• saeqsporto produqciis mier evrokavSiris sazRvris

gadakveTis adgilze,

• evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis sabaJo sawyobebSi, an

• saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (mesame) qveyanaSi.

evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze axali xilisa da

bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebas

evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainpeqciis organo axorcielebs. amgvari

Semowmeba unda moxdes SerCeviT, riskebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.

riskebis Sefasebis kriteriumebia:

• mesame qveynis kompetenturi sainspeqcio organos mier

gacemuli iseTi Sesabamisobis sertifikatis arseboba,

romelis eqsportis ganxorcielebamde gacemac, mesame qveynis

moTxovnis safuZvelze, evrokomisiis mier aris nebadarTuli;

• produqtis saxeoba, produqtis warmoebis periodi, produqtis

fasi, SefuTvis da CatvirTvis operaciebi, Senaxvis pirobebi,

warmoSobis qveyana, transportirebis saSualeba an tvirTis

moculoba;

• eqsportioris pozicia da reputacia bazarze, misi produqci-

is mravalferovneba, saqonlis warmoSobis adgili an Senax-

vis, daxarisxebis an gayidvisas Catarebuli samuSaoebi;

• wina Semowmebis Sedegebi evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas,

aRmoCenili defeqtebis tipi da raodenoba, mowodebuli

produqciis xarisxi da gamoyenebuli teqnikuri aRWurvilobis

done.

mesame qveynis eqsportiorma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom

Sesabamisobis Semowmebis aseT gzas, evrokavSiris SezRuduli

sainspeqcio resursebis gamo, Tan axlavs saeqsporto produqciis

evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi dayovnebis da

Sesabamisad misi xarisxis dakargvis riski.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organo, evrokavSirSi

importis punqtSi axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul

standartebTan Sesabamosobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi gascems

Sesabamisobis sertifikats, romlis formac mocemulia danarTSi

#1. saimporto produqciis ramodenime lotis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

gaices erTi Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafiodaa

miTiTebuli saimporto produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze in-

speqciis gavlis Semdeg, sabaJo samsaxuri axali xilsa da bost-

9


neuls gaatarebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu tvirTs axlavs Se-

sabamisobis sertifikati an is sainspeqcio organosgan informire-

bulia, rom mocemul tvirTs aseTi sertifikati miniWebuli aqvs.

SesaZloa evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organom CaTvalos,

rom ar arsebobs produqciis marketingul standartebTan Seusa-

bamobis riski da produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi ar Seamowmos. aseT

SemTxvevaSi, sainspeqcio organo sabaJo samsaxurs ugzavnis beWed-

dasmul deklaracias an xsenebulis Sesaxeb acnobebs sxva formiT,

ris safuZvelzec sabaJo samsaxurs SeuZlia gaataros produqciis

Sesabamisi lotebi.

mesame qveynidan evrokavSiris bazarze importirebuli axali

xilisa da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Seusabamobis

aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis makoordinirebe-

li samsaxuri amis Sesaxeb acnobebs evrokomisias da evrokavSiris

wevri sxva qveynebis makoordinirebel samsaxurebs, romlebic am

informacias sakuTari qveynis masStabiT avrceleben.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis sabaJo sawyobebSi axali xilisa da

bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba

mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli Tu saqonlis evropel importiors

Sesabamisi ufleba gaaCnia.

Sesabamisobis Semowmebis aseTi gza, rasakvirvelia, gamoricxavs

saqonlis Seyovnebas evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi,

Tumca mesame qveynis eqsportiorebs, Sesabamisi uflebis mqone

evropel importiorebTan molaparakebebisas nakleb “Tavisuflebas”

utovebs.

saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (mesame) qveyanaSi axali xilisa da

bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis

uflebas mesame qveyanas evrokomisia aZlevs. AamisaTvis mesame

qveyanam TxovniT unda mimarTos evrokomisias. Sesabamis nebarTvas

evrokomisia gascems im SemTxvevaSi, Tu evrokavSiris bazrisTvis

gankuTvnili mesame qveynis saeqsporto produqcia akmayofilebs

evrokavSiris marketingul an mis analogiur standartebs da Tu

evrokavSirs Sesabamis mesame qveyanasTan vaWrobis kargi gamocdileba

gaaCnia.

eqsportis ganxorcielebamde, warmoSobis qveyanaSi axali

xilisa da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis

Semowmebas is upiratesoba gaaCnia, rom minimumamdea dayvanili

evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi saqonlis Seyovnebis

riski da mesame qveynis eqsportiorebi ufro Tavisuflebi arian

evropeli importiorebis SerCevisa da maTTan molaparakebebisas.

mesame qveynisTvis, mis teritoriaze axali xilisa da bostneulis

10


marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze Tanxmobis

micemis SemTxvevaSi, evrokomisia adgens mesame qveyanis oficialur

samsaxurs, romelic pasuximgebelobas aiRebs marketingul

standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebasa da xsenebul sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT evrokavSirTan kontaqtzec, aseve mesame qveynis

sainspeqcio organoebs, romlebic uSualod ganaxorcieleben

Sesabamisobis Semowmebas. Tanxmoba gaicema mxolod Sesabamis mesame

qveyanaSi warmoSobil produqciaze da SeiZleba vrceldebodes

mxolod garkveuli saxeobis produqtebze.

mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi unda iyvnen saxelmwifo

struqturebi an oficialurad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo struqture-

bis mier. maT unda gaaCndes marketingul standartebTan Sesabam-

isobis Sesamowmeblad aucilebeli gamocdileba, kadrebi da teqni-

kuri saSualebebi. im qveyanaTa nusxa, romlebsac evrokomisiidan

miRebuli aqvT maT teritoriaze marketingul standartebTan Sesa-

bamisobis Semowmebis Tanxmoba, evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris No 1580/2007 regulaciis me-4 danarTis A nawilSia moyvanili, xolo

amave regulaciis me-4 danarTis B nawilSi mocemulia informacia

am mesame qveynebis pasuxismgebel oficialur samsaxursa da sain-

speqcio organoebis Sesaxeb. sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelo ar aris

im mesame qveyanaTa CamonaTvalSi, romlebsac evrokomisiidan miRe-

buli aqvT maT teritoriaze marketingul standartebTan Sesabam-

isobis Semowmebis Tanxmoba.

mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma. Sesabamisobis Semowme-

bis Sedegad unda gascen danarTSi #1-Si mocemuli axali xilisa

da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis ser-

tifikati, an sxva formis sertifikati, romelic winaswar aris

SeTanxmebuli mesame qveyanasa da evrokavSirs Soris. saeqsporto

produqciis ramodenime lotis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaices erTi

Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafiodaa miTiTebuli saim-

porto produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi. Sesabamisobis sertifikati

Sevsebuli unda iyos evrokavSiris erT-erT oficialur enaze. ser-

tifikatze aRiniSneba eqsportioris saxeli, sainspeqcio organo,

inspeqciis adgili, tvirTis daniSnulebis qveyana an regioni, tvir-

Tis transportirebis saSualeba, SefuTvebis raodenoba, produqtis

tipi, saxeoba, klasi, tvirTis mTliani wona, sertifikatis moqmedebis

vada, Semowmebis adgili da TariRi, inspeqtoris xelmowera.

Sesabamisobis sertifikatze aRniSnuli unda iyos sityva

“originali”. damatebiTi aslebis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, miTiTebuli

unda iyos “asli”. evrokavSiris wevri qveyana sertifikatis

mxolod originals cnobs. sertifikati unda iyos 210 x 297 mm.

zomis. dasaSvebia sertifikatis sigrZis gadacdoma - 8 mm-iT meti

an 5 mm-iT naklebi. sertifikatisTvis gamoiyeneba mxolod TeTri

11


qaRaldi, romlis wonac ar unda iyos 40 g/m²-ze mcire. dauSvebelia

sertifikatSi teqstis amoSla an masze zemodan axali teqstis

gadawera. Casworebis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi araswori teqsti

unda gadaixazos da mis nacvlad unda daematos swori teqsti.

nebismieri aseTi Casworeba sertifikatSi damowmebuli unda iqnas

sertifikatis gamcemi organos mier. TiToeul sertifikats unda

hqondes rigiTi nomeri, masze unda iyos dasmuli kompetenturi

organos beWedi da unda iyos xelmowerili uflebamosili piris

(pirebis) mier. sertifikatis gamcemma kompetenturma organom unda

daitovos sertifikatis asli.

Sesabamisobis sertifikati SeiZleba aseve gacemuli iqnas

winaswar damtkicebul eleqtronul formatSi, eleqtronuli

xelmoweriT.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi, evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis

adgilze damatebiT amowmeben evrokavSiris bazarze Sesatanad

gankuTvnili axali xilisa da bostneulis garkveul nawils, raTa

mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis

sertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis sisworeSi darwmundnen.

damatebiTi SemowmebisTvis evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs mosakreblis

dawesebis uflebac aqvT.

sertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis saeqsporto produqciasTan

Seusabamobis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis

sainspeqcio organo Sesabamisi makoordinirebeli samsaxuris6

informirebas axdens. es samsaxuri ki, Tavis mxriv, informacias

evrokomisias miawvdis.

Tu gaCda eWvi, mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis auTenturobasTan an masSi mocemuli

informaciis sisworesTan dakavSirebiT, evrokavSiris wevri

qveynis kompetentur samsaxurs ufleba aqvs, saeWvo sertifikatis

Semdgomi (damatebiTi) Semowmeba moiTxovos. aseT SemTxvevaSi

sertifikati an misi asli mesame qveynis Sesabamis uwyebaSi

igzavneba da damatebiTi informacia gamoiTxoveba. evrokomisia

SeZlebisdagvarad operatiulad unda iqnas informirebuli

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis da am

Semowmebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb.

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis

SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi produqciis importiors ufleba aqvs ev-

rokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetentur sainspeqcio organoebs

6 evrokavSiris wevri TiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvrulia erTi kompetenturi sam-

saxuri, romelic koordinacias uwevs axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul

standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebas da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli infor-

maciis miwodebas evrokomisiisTvis (magaliTad, gaerTianebul samefoSi – sursaTis

standartebis saagento). makoordinirebeli samsaxuri SeiZleba iyos aseve sainspeq-

cio organo.

12


Txovos saimporto produqciis marketingul standartebTan Se-

sabamisobis Semowmeba evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adg-

ilze.

saeqsporto produqciis daniSnulebis qveyanaSi Setanis nebarTva

ar gaiscema, Tu aRmoCnda, rom tvirTis didi nawili ar Seesabameba

Sesabamisobis sertifikatSi miTiTebul informacias, an evrokavSiris

wevri qveynis kompetenturi samsaxuri mesame qveynidan ver miiRebs

damakmayofilebel pasuxs Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgom

SemowmebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, produqcia SeiZleba

gatanili iqnas evrokavSiris farglebs gareT, SeiZleba ganadgurdes

sabaJo samsaxuris TanxmobiT, an eqsportioris mier SeiZleba

miRebuli iqnas gadawyvetileba produqciis mTliani moculobis an

misi nawilis marketingul standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis

Sesaxeb. evrokavSiris bazarze SesabamisobaSi moyvanili produqciis

Sesatanad, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma

Tavidan unda Caataron Semowmeba da dadebiTi rezultatis

miRebis SemTxvevaSi gascen Sesabamisobis sertifikati.…bunebrivia,

zemoxsenebuli procedurebis xarjebs Tavis Tavze eqsportiori

iRebs.

mesame qveynis Sesabamisma pasuxismgebelma samsaxurma

evrokomisias droulad unda miawodos informacia im beWdebisa da

xelmowerebis, aseve maTSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesaxeb,

romlebsac mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi Sesabamisobis

sertifikatis gacemisas gamoiyeneben. mesame qveynebidan miRebul

informacias evrokomisia dauyovnebliv ugzavnis evrokavSiris

wevri qveynebis makoordinirebel struqturebs, romlebic Tavis

mxriv, evrokavSiris Sesabamisi wevri qveynebis sabaJo samsaxurebs

ayeneben saqmis kursSi.

evrokomisias SeuZlia gaauqmos mesame qveynisTvis, mis terito-

riaze axali xilis da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan

Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze micemuli Tanxmoba Tu aRmoCnda, rom

saeqsporto produqciis mniSvnelovani nawili ar Seesabameba mesa-

me qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis ser-

tifikatSi asaxul parametrebs, an Tu mesame qveynis pasuxismgebeli

samsaxuridan ver iqna miRebuli damakmayofilebeli reagireba

evrokomisiidan gagzavnil moTxovnaze, serTifikatis Semdgom Se-

mowmebasTan dakavSirebiT.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis makoordinirebelma samsaxurebma

yovelkvartalurad unda miawodos evrokomisias, Sesabamisi mesame

qveynebis da am qveynebidan importirebuli produqciis Sesaxeb

iseTi informacia, rogoricaa:

• importis mTliani moculoba;

• evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze Semowmebuli

13


produqciis raodenoba;

• im produqciis raodenoba, romelic ar Seesabameboda mesame

qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis

sertifikatis monacemebs.

Semdgomi gadamuSavebis mizniT, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa

da bostneulis evrokavSirSi eqsportisas, kompetenturma sainspeq-

cio organoebma unda gascen samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikati

(ix, danarTi No 2). aseT SemTxvevaSi produqciis SefuTvaze aucile-

blad unda iyos etiketi, romelzec mkafiod iqneba miTiTebuli: “gam-

iznulia gadamuSavebisTvis”. evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio

organo samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikatis asls ugzavnis Sesa-

bamis gadamamuSavebel sawarmos, romelmac sainspeqcio organos unda

daudasturos axali xilisa da bostneulis gadamuSavebis procesi.

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis danarTi

No 1-is B nawili adgens xilisa da bostneulis SefuTvis wesebs, romle-

bzec specifikuri marketinguli standartebi vrceldeba da romelTa

dacva aucilebelia produqtis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis.

axali xilisa da bostneulis SefuTvis wesebis mixedviT:

• produqtis TiToeuli SefuTva unda iyos gamZle;

• SesafuTad gamoyenebuli masala unda iyos axali, sufTa da

iseTi xarisxis, rac ar daazianebs produqts;

• SefuTvaze Sesabamisi aRniSvnebis dasatanad dasaSvebia

etiketis an beWdis gamoyeneba;

• etiketi da beWedi unda iyos damzadebuli aratoqsikuri

melnisa da webosgan;

• SefuTva daculi unda iyos ucxo nivTierebebisgan;

• produqtze miwebebuli individualuri stikerebi ar

unda tovebdes webos kvals da ar unda azianebdes kvebis

produqtis zedapirs.

specifikuri marketinguli standartebis mixedviT, TiToeul

SefuTvaze garkveviT, mouSorebeli SriftiT unda iyos aRniSnuli

Semdegi informacia:

• eqsportioris saxeli da misamarTi, rac SeiZleba koduri

aRniSvniT (Strix-kodiT) Seicvalos;

• produqtis saxeli, nairsaxeoba;

• warmoSobis qveyana;

• produqtis klasi da zoma (ix. Semdeg TavSi);

• kontrolis oficialuri aRniSvna (arasavaldebuloa);

gadamuSavebisTvis gankuTvnili xilisa da bostneulis tvirTze

miTiTebuli unda iyos “gankuTvnilia gadamuSavebisTvis”. aseT

tvirTs evrokavSiris wevri qveyana aTavisuflebs specifikuri

14


marketinguli standartebis dacvis MmoTxovnisgan.

5 kg-ze naklebi wonis sxvadasxva saxeobis (Sereuli) xilisa

da bostneulis SefuTva, unda Seicavdes erTgvarovani xarisxis

produqtebs. aseT SefuTvaSi Semavali TiToeuli dasaxelebis

produqti unda akmayofilebdes Sesabamis marketingul standartebs.

SefuTvas unda axldes saTanado etiketi. Tu SefuTvaSi Semavali

produqtebis warmoSobis qveyana erTze metia es miTiTebuli unda

iyos etiketze Semdegnairad:

a) “evrokavSirSi warmoSobili xilisa da bostneulis narevi

” an

b) “evrokavSiris teritoriis gareT warmoSobili xilisa da

bostneulis narevi” an

g) “evrokavSirisa da mesame qveynis teritoriaze warmoSobili

xilisa da bostneulis narevi”.

3. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis

specifikuri marketinguli standartebi, winamdebare publikaciaSi,

citrusebis magaliTze iqneba ganxiluli. specifikuri marketingu-

li standartebi citrusebisTvis evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis danarTi No 1-is B nawilSia mocemulia. es

standartebi exeba citruss, romelic naturaluri (gadaumuSavebeli)

saxiT miewodeba momxmarebels. citrusebs miekuTvneba:

• sxvadasxva saxeobis limoni,

• sxvadasxva saxeobis mandarini, maT Soris klementini,

mandarini unSiu da sxva,

• sxvadasxva saxeobis forToxali.

specifikuri marketinguli standartebi yvela saxis citrusisTvis

Semdeg kategoriebad iyofa:

1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviT yvela

klasis citrusi unda iyos:

• mTeli;

• dauJeJavi;

• saRi (gamoiricxeba produqti, romelic lpobis an

gafuWebis stadiaSia da moxmarebisTvis uvargisia);

• sufTa (yovelgvari SesamCnevi ucxo nivTierebis gareSe);

• mavneblebis gareSe;

15


• mavneblebis mier gamowveuli dazianebis gareSe;

• ar unda iyos gamomSrali;

• yinvis an dabali temperaturisgan dauzianebeli;

• uCveulo garegani sinotivis gareSe;

• yovelgvari ucxo sunis an gemos gareSe;

• citrusi frTxilad unda iyos mokrefili da unda

iyos damakmayofileblad mwife, citrusis saxeobebis

calkeuli kriteriumebis, mokrefis droisa da citrusis

moyvanis adgilis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• citrusis simwifis xarisxi iseTi unda iyos, rom

transportirebas gauZlos da daniSnulebis adgilamde

damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi miaRwios;

2. simwifis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis simwifis xarisxi

ganisazRvreba TiToeuli saxeobisTvis dawesebuli Semdegi

parametrebiT:

• minimaluri wvnianoba da

• Seferiloba, romlis mixedviTac citrusma, normaluri

damwifebis pirobebSi, saxeobisTvis tipuri feri tvirTis

daniSnulebis adgilze miiRos.

limoni - minimaluri wvnianoba pirveli da bolo mosavlisT-

vis (verdelisa da primofioresTvis) 20%-ia, danarCeni mosav-

lebisTvis ki 25% unda iyos. limonis Seferiloba unda iyos

saxeobisTvis tipuri, Tumca dasaSvebia mwvane feris (ara muqi

mwvane) limonic, Tu is akmayofilebs wvnianobis moTxovnebs.

mandarini – minimaluri wvnianoba mandarinisTvis garda

klementinisa - 33%-ia, xolo klementinisTvis 40% unda iyos.

mandarinis zedapiris sul mcire erTi mesamedi unda iyos

Seferili saxeobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli feriT.

forToxali - wvnianoba wiTelxorciani forToxlisTvis -

30%-ia, navelis jgufis forToxlisTvis - 33%, xolo sxva

saxeobis forToxlisTvis - 35% unda iyos. Seferiloba sa-

xeobisTvis tipuri unda iyos. dasaSvebia Ria mwvane feris

forToxalic, Tu Ria mwvane Seferiloba citrusis zedapiris

erT mexuTeds ar aRemateba. amave dros, Tu forToxali moy-

vanilia iseT adgilebSi, sadac haeris maRali temperatura

da tenianobaa, dasaSvebia, rom mwvane Seferiloba citrusis

zedapiris erT mexuTeds aRematebodes, Tu is akmayofilebs

wvnianobis Semdgom minimalur mnoTxovnebs:

• mosambi, saTgudi da pacitani saxeobebisaTvis - 33%;

• yvela sxva saxeobebisaTvis - 45%.

16


3. klasifikaciis mixedviT citrusebi iyofa sam klasad:

• “eqstra klass” miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produ-

qti. am klasis citrusis forma, garegnuli saxe, simwife

da Seferiloba unda iyos tipuri citrusis konkretuli

saxeobisa da komerciuli kategoriisTvis. citruss, ro-

melic eqstra klass miekuTvneba, ar unda hqondes defe-

qtebi. dasaSvebia mxolod odnavi zedapiruli defeqtebis

arseboba, Tu isini garegnulad TiTqmis SeumCnevelia da

produqtis xarisxze gavlenas ar axdens;

• “pirveli klasis” citrusi aris kargi xarisxis produqti,

romelic tipuria citrusis konkretuli saxeobisa da

komerciuli kategoriisTvis. dasaSvebia, mxolod mcire saxis

defeqtebis arseboba, Tu es produqtis garegnul saxeze da

xarisxze gavlenas ar axdens. amgvari defeqtebia:

o formis mcire defeqti;

o Seferilobis mcire wuni;

o produqtis kanis mcire defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis

zrdis process sdevs Tan, magaliTad nawiburebi;

o mcire daJeJiloba, rac gamowveulia setyvisgan,

SefuTvisgan da a.S.;

• “meore klasis” produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,

romelsac ver mivakuTvnebT citrusis ufro maRal

klass, magram zemoT moyvanil minimalur moTxovnebs

akmayofilebs. am klasis citruss SeiZleba hqondes

garkveuli defeqtebi, kerZod:

o formis defeqti;

o Seferilobis wuni;

o uxeSi kani;

o produqtis kanis defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis

zrdis process axlavs, magaliTad nawiburebi;

o daJeJiloba, gamowveuli setyvisgan, SefuTvisgan da

a.S.

o kanis zedapiruli dazianebebi;

o forToxlis perikarpis odnavi daSoreba.

4. zomis minimaluri moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis mini-

maluri diametri unda iyos:

• limonisTvis – 45 mm.;

• mandarinisTvis, garda klementinisa – 45 mm.;

• klementinisTvis – 35 mm.;

• forToxlisTvis – 53 mm..

5. zomis erTgvarovnebis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, SefuTvaSi

17


moTavsebuli citrusi Tanabari zomis unda iyos da zomaTa

qvemoT mocemuli gradaciis farglebSi unda eqceodes:

forToxali limoni mandarini

zomis

kodi

diametri

(mm)

zomis

kodi

diametri

(mm)

zomis

kodi

diametri

(mm)

0 92-110 0 79-90 1-XXX78 da

meti

1 87-100 1 72-83 1-XX 67-78

2 84-96 2 68-78 1 an 1-X 63-74

3 81-92 3 63-72 2 58-69

4 77-88 4 58-67 3 54-64

5 73-84 5 53-62 4 50-60

6 70-80 6 48-57 5 46-56

7 67-76 7 45-52 6 (*) 43-52

8 64-73 7 41-48

9 62-70 8 39-46

10 60-68 9 37-44

11 58-66 10 35-42

12 56-63

13 53-60

* 45 mm-ze naklebi zoma mxolod klementins exeba

dasaSvebia citrusis zomis erTgvarovnebis

moTxovnidan mciredi gadacdoma, rac citrusis

dafasoebis meTodzea damokidebuli:

• Tu citrusi TvliTaa dafasoebuli, citrusis zoma

SeiZleba eqceodes ori momijnave zomis kodis

farglebSi;

• fenebad dafasoebuli citrusis SemTxvevaSi, SefuTvaSi,

erTi da igive zomis kodis mqone yvelaze patara da didi

citrusi ar unda scdebodes qvemoT moyvanil zomebs (es

wesi vrceldeba TvliT Cawyobil citruszec, romelic

ori momijnave zomis kodis farglebSi eqceva):

18


citrusis

saxeoba zomis kodi

erT SefuTvaSi Cawyobil

citrusebs Soris

dasaSvebi gansxvaveba

zomaSi (mm)

limoni 0-dan 7-mde 7

mandarini

1-XXX-4

5-dan 6-mde

7-dan 10-mde

9

8

7

forToxali

0-dan 2-mde

3-dan 6-mde

7-dan 13-mde

11

9

7

• Tu citrusi ar aris dafasoebuli fenebad an gasayidad

gamzadebul yuTebSi, maSin SefuTvaSi yvelaze patara da

didi citrusi ar unda scdebodes citrusis Sesabamis

zomaTa gradacias;

• gasayidad gamzadebul drekad SefuTvaSi moTavsebuli

yvelaze patara da didi citrusi ar unda scdebodes

sami momijnave kodis farglebs.

6. xarisxis moTxovnebisgan gadacdomis Tanaxmad:

• “eqstra klasSi” dasaSvebia 5% iseTi citrusisa, romelic

ar akmayofilebs am klasis moTxovnebs, magram Seesabameba

“pirveli klasis” moTxovnebs. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi

(ix. qvemoT), aseve misaRebia iseTi produqtebi, romlebic

“pirveli klasis” gadacdomis farglebSi xvdeba;

• “pirvel klasSi” dasaSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa,

romelic ar akmayofilebs am klasis moTxovnebs, magram

Seesabameba “meore klasis” moTxovnebs, an xvdeba “meore

klasis” gadacdomis farglebSi;

• “meore klasSi” dasaSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa, romelic

ar akmayofilebs arc am klasis moTxovnebs da arc minim-

alur moTxovnebs. es wesi ar vrceldeba iseT citrusze,

romelic lpobis stadiaSia an im donezea dazianebuli,

rom moxmarebisTvis uvargisia. am klasSi aseve dasaS-

vebia 5% iseTi citrusisa, romelsac aReniSneba zedapi-

ruli dazianeba, damskdari an gamomSralia.

19


7. zomis moTxovnebisgan gadacdomis Tanaxmad, dasaSvebia

10% iseTi produqtisa, romelic zemoT moyvanil zomis

moTxovnebze dabalia an maT aRemateba. nebismier SemTxvevaSi

es wesi ar vrceldeba citrusze, romlis zomac Semdeg

minimalur moTxovnebze dabalia:

• limoni – 43 mm.;

• mandarini, garda klementinisa – 43 mm.;

• klementini – 34 mm.;

• forToxali – 50 mm.;

8. wardgenis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad:

• citrusis TiToeuli SefuTva unda iyos erTgvarovani,

unda Seicavdes mxolod erTnairi warmoSobis, saxeobis,

tipis, xarisxis, zomis da simwifis donis produqts. “eqs-

tra klasis” citrusis SemTxvevaSi, citrusis Seferilo-

bac erTgvarovani unda iyos. SefuTvis momxmareblis-

Tvis xiluli nawili, SefuTvis mTliani Semadgenlobis

maCvenebeli unda iyos;

• citrusis SesafuTad gamoiyeneba:

o axali da sufTa masala, romelic produqts aseve

saTanadod icavs dazianebisgan. savaWro monacemebis

aRsaniSnad, dasaSvebia qaRaldis da beWdis gamoyeneba,

Tu es aRniSvna aratoqsikuri melniT an weboTi

keTdeba;

o Tu citrusi saTiTaodaa gaxveuli, amisaTvis Txeli,

mSrali, axali da usuno qaRaldi gamoiyeneba;

o dauSvebelia iseTi nivTierebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic

citrusis bunebriv Semadgenlobas, gansakuTrebiT

gemosa da suns Secvlis;

o SefuTvaSi ar unda iyo raime saxis ucxo sagani.

Tumca, dasaSvebia mcire zomis totis (foTlebiT)

gamoyeneba;

o produqtze damagrebuli stikerebi moxsnis Semdgom

ar unda tovebdes webos kvals da ar unda gamoiwvios

citrusis kanis dazianeba;

• citrusi SeiZleba wardgenili iqnas:

o fenebad SefuTuli;

o Cayrili sxvadasxva saxis taraSi. mxolod pirveli

da meore klasis produqtisTvis;

o momxmareblisTvis misayidad gamzadebul maqsimum 5

kg-ian yuTebSi (rogorc TvliT, aseve sufTa woniT).

20


9. SefuTvis aRniSvnis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis

TiToeul yuTze datanil unda iqnas:

• SemfuTavis da/an mimwodeblis saxeli da misamarTi. es

SeiZleba Seicvalos StrixkodiT;

• citrusis saxeli, saxeoba, tipi. limonis SemTxvevaSi, sad-

ac saWiroa unda aRiniSnos “verdeli” da “promofiore”.

klementinis SemTxvevaSi, sadac saWiroa unda aRiniSnos

“ukurko klementini” an “kurkiani klementini”;

• citrusis warmoSobis qveyana. SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi

regionis miTiTebiT;

• komerciuli monacemebi: klasi, citrusis zomis kodi,

gamoyenebuli qimiuri nivTierebebi (aseTis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi);

• kontrolis oficialuri aRniSvna (arasavaldebuloa).

4. janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa da mcenareul produqtebze

janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa

da mcenareul produqtebze mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos 2000

wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaSi. fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi

vrceldeba axal xilsa da bostneulzec da maTi dacva aucilebelia

mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris

bazarze eqsportirebisas. aRniSnuli direqtivis Tanaxmad, zogierT

mcenaresa da mcenareul produqts, maT Soris zogierT axal xilsa

da bostneuls, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas unda axldes

mesame qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier gacemuli „fitosanitaruli

sertifikati“ an „fitosanitaruli sertifikati re-eqsportisaTvis“

(evrokavSiris fitosanitaruli sertifikatebis formebi mocemulia

danarTSi No 3). evrokomisia uflebamosilia, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisT-

vis gankuTvnil produqciasTan dakavSirebiT, mesame qveynebisgan

gamoiTxovos informacia am qveynebSi moqmedi sanitaruli da fito-

sanitaruli kanomdeblobis, kontrolis meqanizmebisa da riskebis

Sefasebis Sesaxeb. am mizniT, evrokomisia, Cveulebriv, ukavSirdeba

evrokavSirSi Sesabamisi mesame qveynis warmomadgenlobas da mis-

gan miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze uSualod mesame qveynis

Sesabamis kompetentur samsaxurebs mimarTavs.

im mcenareebis, mcenareuli produqtebis da mavne organizmebis

sxva potenciuri matareblebis CamonaTvali, romelTac fitosani-

21


taruli sertifikati sWirdebaT, mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos

2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis mexuTe danarTSi. saqarTve-

lodan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqspor-

tiors, fitosanitaruli sertifikati Semdegi mcenareebis da mcena-

reuli produqtebis eqsportisas sWirdeba:

• citrusis (Citrus L.), iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Swingle), trifoliatas (Poncirus Raf) saxeobebisa da maTi hibridebisgan

miRebuli xili foTlebiT da yunwebiT;• oxraxuSis (Apium graveolens L.) da rehanis (Ocimum L.) saxeobebis

mwvanili;• citrusis (Citrus L.,) iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Swingle),

trifoliatas (Poncirus Raf) da maTi hibridebis, aseve induri

kitris (Momordica L.) da badrijnis (Solanum melongena L.) saxeobebis nayofebi;

• anonas [pau-paus] ( Annona L.), komSis (Cydonia Mill.), aRmosavleTis xurmis (Diospyros L.), vaSlis (Malus Mill.,) mangos (Mangifera L.), pasifloras [grenadili] (Passiflora L.), qliavis (Prunus L.), guavas (Psidium L.), msxlis (Pyrus L.), mocxaris (Ribes L.), mixakis xis (Syzygium Gaertn.) da mocvis (Vaccinium L.), saxeobebis xili,

romelic moyvanilia evrokavSiris farglebs gareT;

• bardis (Dolichos Jacq.), magniferas (Magnifera spp.), Warxlis (Beta vulgaris L) da lobios (Phaseolus vulgaris) saxeobebis marcvlebi;

• bambis (Gossypium spp) saxeobebis marcvlebi da bamba;

• vazis (Vitis L.) saxeobebidan miRebuli yurZeni.

fitosanitaruli sertifikati unda adasturebdes, rom mesame

qveynidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili

produqcia ar aris evrokavSiris mier akrZaluli mavneblebis da

mcenareuli daavadebebis matarebeli. mavneblebis da mcenareuli

daavadebebis CamonaTvali, romelTa evrokavSiris teritoriaze

Setana da gavrceleba akrZalulia, evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8

maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis pirvel da meore danarTebSia mocemuli.

fitosanitarul sertifikats gascems mesame qveynis samsaxuri,

romelsac fitosanitaruli sertifikatis gacemis uflebamosileba

erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT da mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso kon-venciis7 debulebebis Sesabamisad aqvs miniWebuli. fitosanitaru-

li sertifikati evrokavSiris mier, mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis safuZvelze SemuSavebul formas unda Seesabamebodes.

fitosanitaruli sertifikati evrokavSiris romelime oficialur

7 mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvencia - serTaSoriso xelSekruleba mcenareTa

janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. xelSekruleba 1952 wlidan arsebobs da uzrunvelyofs mcena-

reTa dacvas mavneblebis warmoqnisa da gavrcelebisgan. xsenebul konvencias saqarT-saqarT-

velo 2007 wels SeuerTda.

22


enaze unda iyos Sedgenili da unda gaices saeqsporto produqciis

mesame qveynis teritoriis datovebamde araumetes 14 dRiT adre.

evrokavSiris fitosanitaruli moTxovnebisgan mesame qveynis

eqsportiori Tavisufldeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mcenareTas da/an

mcenareuli produqtebis evrokavSiris teritoriaze Setanas ar

axlavs mavne organizmebis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. kerZod, Tu:

• mcenareebi da/an mcenareuli produqtebi mxolod gadakveTen

evrokavSiris teritorias;

• mcenareebis da/an mcenareuli produqtebis mxolod mcire

raodenobis eqsporti xdeba arasawarmoo an arakomerciuli

daniSnulebiT;

• mcenareebis da/an mcenareuli produqtebis eqsporti xdeba

samecniero daniSnulebiT an mcenaris saxeobaTa SesarCevi

samuSaosTvis;

• eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mcenareebi da/an mcenareuli

produqtebi moyvanilia mesame qveynisa da evrokavSiris

uSualo sasazRvro zonaSi.

evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili axali

xilisa da bostneulis Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris fitosanitarul

moTxovnebTan mowmdeba evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze.

evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtiva

iTvaliswinebs mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur,

saidentifikacio da mcenaris janmrTelobis laboratoriul

Semowmebas. dokumenturi Semowmeba gulisxmobs tvirTis Tanmxlebi

fitosanitaruli sertifikatis Semowmebas, akmayofilebs Tu ara

sertifikati evrokavSiris standartebs. tvirTis identificirebiT

dasturdeba, Seesabameba Tu ara tvirTi sertifikatSi miTiTebul

mcenareebs an mcenareul produqtebs. aseve aucileblad xdeba

tvirTis nawilis an mTliani tvirTis evrokavSiris bazarze

Setanis adgilze fizikuri Semowmebac, rac mcenaris janmrTelobis

dasadgenad sinjebis aRebas gulisxmobs.

mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur, saidentifika-

cio da janmrTelobis fizikur Semowmebas evrokavSirSi Sesvlis

adgilze axorcielebs evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetenturi

uwyeba an sabaJo samsaxuri. kompetenturi uwyeba SeiZleba iyos ev-

rokavSiris wevri qveynis mcenaris dacvis organizacia(ebi), an sxva

saxelmwifo struqtura. saidentifikacio da mcenaris janmrTelo-

bis Semowmeba, garda evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilisa,

aseve SeiZleba ganxorcieldes evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompe-

tenturi uwyebisa da sabaJo samsaxuris mier gansazRvrul rome-

lime sxva adgilze, romelic sazRvarTan axlosaa ganlagebuli.

evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgili SeiZleba iyos

23


aeroporti, sazRvao porti, rkinigzis da saavtomobilo sasazRvro

punqti. evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi, evrokomisias, rogorc wesi,

winaswar awvdian informacias maTi sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebis

adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb.

evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis

mexuTe danarTis B nawilSi CamoTvlili mcenareebis da mcenareuli

produqtebis evrokavSiris bazarze importisas, evrokavSiris wevri

qveynebis moTxovniT importiori evrokavSiris Sesabamis qveyanaSi

unda iyos registrirebuli. Sesabamisad, mesame qveynis eqsportiorma

evrokavSiris sabaJoze unda waradginos importioris (mcenareebis

da/an mcenareuli produqtebis myidvelis) evrokavSiris wevr

qveyanaSi registraciis nomeri.

mavneblebis da mcenareuli daavadebebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi,

importiori, mesame qveynis momwodebels mosTxovs damatebiT

informacias, produqciis pirveladi warmoebis da mosavlis aRebis

Semdgom produqciis movlis Sesaxeb. Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCnda,

rom evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mesame

qveyanaSi warmoebuli axali xili da bostneuli ar akmayofilebs

evrokavSiris fitosanitarul moTxovnebs, tvirTi evrokavSiris

bazarze ar daiSveba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili

axali xili da bostneuli janmrTelobisTvis didi safrTxis

Semcvelia, tvirTi evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvlis adgilzeve

ganadgurdeba, tvirTi ganadgurebis xarjebi ki eqsportiors

daekisreba.

mcenareebis da mcenareuli produqtebis, maT Soris axali

xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris teritoriaze Sesvlis Sem-

deg, fitosanitaruli sertifikati Seicvleba mcenaris pasportiT.

mcenaris pasporti aris evrokavSiris wevri qveynis Sesabamisi sam-

saxuris mier gacemuli etiketi, romelic produqciis evrokavSiris

mcenaris janmrTelobis standartebTan Sesabamisobas adasturebs.

xsenebuli dokumenti aucilebelia mcenareebis da mcenareuli

produqtebis evrokavSiris bazris SigniT gadasaadgileblad.

evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 11 oqtombris No 1756/2004 regulaciis

mixedviT, mesame qveynebidan importirebuli im mcenareebis da

mcenareuli produqtebis janmrTeloba, romelTac evrokavSiris

fitosanitaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba moeTxovebaT,

SesaZloa gamartivebuli wesiTac Semowmdes. amisaTvis,

evrokavSiris wevri qveyana TxovniT mimarTavs evrokomisias,

importirebuli tvirTis gamartivebuli wesiT Semowmebis

Sesaxeb. evrokomisia amgvar gadawyvetilebas Rebulobs Semdegi

kriteriumebis safuZvelze:

• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, yovelwliurad,

evrokavSiris bazarze, mocemuli mcenaris an mcenareuli

24


produqtis saSualod 200 partiis importi xdeba;

• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli mcenaris

da mcenareuli produqtis sul mcire 600 partiis inspeqcia

ganxorcielda;

• Tu produqciis partiebis raodenoba, romelSicAmavneblebi

aRmoCnda, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi importirebuli mocemuli

mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis mTliani raodenobis

1%-ze naklebs Seadgens;

aRniSnuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze, evrokomisia aqveynebs im

mcenareTa da mcenareul produqtTa sias, romelTa janmrTelobis

dasadgenad tvirTis mxolod garkveuli nawilis Semowmebac sak-

marisia. evrokomisia ganaaxlebs amgvar sias, perioduli Sefase-

bebisa da darRvevebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobinebebis safuZvel-

ze. amJamad, mcenaris janmrTelobis gamartivebuli SemowmebisTvis

rekomendirebulia 52 mcenare da mcenareuli produqti, maT Soris

TurqeTidan eqsportirebuli citrusebic.

evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 7 oqtombris No 2004/103 direqtiva aseve

iTvaliswinebs mcenaris janmrTelobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas

tvirTis “daniSnulebis adgilze”, inspeqciis ukeT Catarebis

mizniT. amgvari Semowmeba xorcieldeba evrokavSiris wevri qveynis

kompetenturi uwyebis TanxmobiT, rasac eqsportiori winaswar

moipovebs Semdegi pirobebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi:

• eqsportirebuli produqcia da/an produqciis gadasatanad

gamoyenebuli transporti kargadaa daluquli da

gamoricxulia infeqciis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba produqciis

daniSnulebis adgilze gadatanisas;

• tvirTi gadatanili unda iqnes evrokavSiris kompetentur

uwyebasTan winaswar SeTanxmebul adgilze;

• tvirTs unda axldes “mcenaris janmrTelobis gadaadgilebis

dokumenti”, romelsac eqsportiori avsebs evrokavSiris

romelime oficialur enaze, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis

kompetenturi uwyebis warmomadgenlis zedamxedvelobis

qveS. “mcenaris janmrTelobis gadaadgilebis dokumentis”

nimuSi mocemulia danarTSi #3.

produqcia gadatanili unda iqnes “mcenaris janmrTelobis

gadaadgilebis dokumentze” miTiTebul adgilze. saTanado inspeq-

ciis Semdeg moxdeba aRniSnuli dokumentis damowmeba, romelsac

eqsportiori sabaJo samsaxurs warudgens sabaJo procedurebis

oficialurad gasaformeblad.

mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciaze dayrdnobiT, evroka-

vSirma SeimuSava kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs kidev erT

fitosanitarul moTxovnas - vaWrobis dros SesafuTad xis masa-

lis gamoyenebas, rasac SeiZleba axldes evrokavSirSi mavneblebis

25


Setanisa da gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan damzadebuli yuTi,

doli, CasatvirTi ficari, romlis zomac siganeSi 6 mm-ze metia, ev-

rokavSirSi daiSveba Tu:

• Termuladaa damuSavebuli 56°C-ze 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an

fumigirebulia (dezinficirebulia) meTil-bromidiT;

• xis yuTs aqvs ISPM158 beWedi, romelzec aRniSnulia mcenaris

dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis logo, warmoSobis qveynis

abreviatura, mwarmoebeli da xis masalis damuSavebis tipi.

aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar moqmedebs SesafuTad gamoyenebul iseT

xis masalaze, romelic webos, gacxelebisa da wnevis gamoyenebiTaa

damuSavebuli, magaliTad firficari. evrokavSiris inspeqtorebi

Semowmebisas ISPM15 beWeds Seamowmeben eqportisTvis gankuTvnil xis

masaliT SefuTul tvirTze. sxva saxis sertifikati xis masalisgan

damzadebuli tvirTis evrokavSirSi Setanisas saWiro ar aris.

ISPM15 beWdis gamoyenebis nebarTvas gascems mesame qveynis

Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyeba da is ase gamoiyureba:

22

mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciaze dayrdnobiT, evrokavSirma SeimuSava kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs kidev erT fitosanitarul moTxovnas - vaWrobis dros SesafuTad xis masalis gamoyenebas, rasac SeiZleba axldes evrokavSirSi mavneblebis Setanisa da gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan damzadebuli yuTi, doli, CasatvirTi ficari, romlis zomac siganeSi 6 mm-ze metia, evrokavSirSi daiSveba Tu:

• Termuladaa damuSavebuli 56°C-ze 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an fumigirebulia (dezinficirebulia) meTil-bromidiT;

• xis yuTs aqvs ISPM158 beWedi, romelzec aRniSnulia mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis logo, warmoSobis qveynis abreviatura, mwarmoebeli, da xis masalis damuSavebis tipi;

aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar moqmedebs SesafuTad gamoyenebul iseT xis masalaze, romelic webos, gacxelebisa da wnevis gamoyenebiTaa damuSavebuli, magaliTad firficari. evrokavSiris inspeqtorebi Semowmebisas ISPM15 beWeds Seamowmeben eqportisTvis gankuTvnil xis masaliT SefuTul tvirTze. sxva saxis sertifikati xis masalisgan damzadebuli tvirTis evrokavSirSi Setanisas saWiro ar aris. ISPM15 beWdis gamoyenebis nebarTvas gascems mesame qveynis Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyeba da is ase gamoiyureba:

5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, evrokavSirma, sursaTis uvneblobisa da higienis Sesaxeb mTeli rigi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi SeimuSava. am sakiTxisadmi evrokavSiris kompleqsuri midgoma moicavs sursaTis, maT Soris axali xilisa da bostneulis, warmoebis yvela etaps da aspeqts, iseTi sakiTxebis CaTvliT, rogoricaa sakvebis damabinZureblebi, pesticidebi, sursaTis SefuTva da etiketireba, kvebis axali

8 ISPM15 – mcenaris dacvis saerTasoriso konvenciis mier SemuSavebuli saerTaSoriso fitosanitaruli beWedi SesafuTad gamoyenebuli xis masalisTvis.

damuSavebis tipi

mwarmoebeli

warmoSobis qveyana

5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, evrokavSirma, sursaTis uvneblobisa

da higienis Sesaxeb mTeli rigi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi SeimuSava. am

sakiTxisadmi evrokavSiris kompleqsuri midgoma moicavs sursaTis,

maT Soris axali xilisa da bostneulis, warmoebis yvela etaps da

aspeqts, iseTi sakiTxebis CaTvliT, rogoricaa sakvebis damabinZu-

reblebi, pesticidebi, sursaTis SefuTva da etiketireba, kvebis axali

produqtebi da genmodificirebuli organizmebi. am kanonmdeblobaSi

mocemuli moTxovnebi vrceldeba rogorc evrokavSirSi warmoebul,

aseve evrokavSiris bazarze importirebul produqtebze da amdenad,

8 ISPM15 – mcenaris dacvis saerTasoriso konvenciis mier SemuSavebuli saerTaSor-

iso fitosanitaruli beWedi SesafuTad gamoyenebuli xis masalisTvis.

26


isini mesame qveynebis eqsportiorebisTvisac sayuradReboa.

sursaTis uvneblobis principebis dacvas da evrokavSiris

Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebas uzrunvelyofs evropis

sursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri. evropis sursaTis uvneblobis

samsaxuris daniSnulebaa evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis

gaumjobeseba da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva. samsaxuri

mudmivad axorcielebs sursaTis uvneblobis, aseve cxovelTa da

mcenareTa janmrTelobis riskis Sefasebebs. riskis Sefasebis

safuZvelze, evropis sursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri SeimuSavebs

da evrokomisias awvdis mecnierul rekomendaciebs, rac SemdgomSi

evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis kanonmdeblobaSi aisaxeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSiris sabWosa da evroparlamentis 2002

wlis 28 ianvris No 178/2002 regulaciis mixedviT, sursaTis uvneblo-

baze pasuxismgebloba evrokavSirSi sursaTis importiors ekisreba.

Tu importiors safuZvliani eWvi aqvs, rom mis mier evrokavSirSi Seta-

nili produqcia ar akmayofilebs sursaTis uvneblobis standartebs,

man dauyovnebliv unda amoiRos saeWvo saqoneli bazridan da amis

Sesaxeb acnobos evrokavSiris Sesabamisi wevri qveynis kompetentur

uwyebebs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqtma ukve miaRwia momxmareblamde,

distributorma momxmarebels saTanado informacia unda miawodos

produqciis bazridan amoRebis Taobaze.

evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2002 wlis 28 ianvris

No 178/2002 regulaciis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze saqonlis

Setanisas importiorma sursaTis warmoebis, gadamuSavebis

da distribuciis yvela etapze unda uzrunvelyos da unda

daamtkicos, rom mis mier importisTvis gamzadebuli sursaTi ar

aris mavnebeli da evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis moTxovnebs

akmayofilebs. mavnebeli sursaTis mikvlevadobis uzrunvelsayofad,

sursaTis imპortiori valdebulia, flobdes informacias rogorc

importisTvis gankuTvnili sursaTis warmoSobis, aseve sursaTis

mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb. zemoT aRniSnuli regulaciis me-18 muxlis

Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze sursaTis Setanisas, imortiorma

evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetentur uwyebas, saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi, Semdegi informacia unda warudginos:

• mesame qveynis mimwodeblis saxeli da misamarTi,

produqtis warmoSobis qveyana da tranzaqciis TariRi;

• produqciis moculoba da xarisxi, produqciis detaluri

aRweriloba da rigiTi nomeri;

evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2004 wlis 29 aprilis

No 852/2004 regulacia awesebs higienis zogad moTxovnebs, romlebic

sursaTis mwarmoeblebma unda daakmayofilon. sursaTis mwarmoebe-

li valdebulia:

27


• daicvas sursaTi haerisgan, niadagisgan, wylisgan, sasuqis-

gan, cxovelebis, mavneblebis da sxva SesaZlo faqtore-

bisgan gamowveuli dabinZurebisgan;

• sursaTs ganaridos dabinZurebis safrTxis Semcveli

nivTierebebi;

• daicvas sursaTis warmoebisTvis gamoyenebuli aRWurvi-

lobis, manqana-danadgarebisa da satransporto saSual-

ebebis sisufTave;

• uzrunvelyos sursaTis higienurad warmoeba, trans-

portireba da Senaxva;

• sursaTis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad gamoiyenos

sasmeli an sufTa wyali;

• uzrunvelyos sursaTis warmoebis procesSi monawile per-

sonalis janmrTelobis damakmayofilebeli mdgomareoba;

• gaiTvaliswinos mcenaris gamokvlevebis Sedegebi, rom-

lebic mniSvnelovania adamianisa da cxovelis janmrTe-

lobisTvis;

• kanoniTa dadgenil farglebSi gamoiyenos mcenaris

dasacavi produqtebi da biocidebi;

• aRweros mis mier gatarebuli prevenciuli zomebi, gan-

sakuTrebiT mavneblebisa da daavadebebis gavrcelebis

an janmrTelobisTvis mniSvnelovani Semowmebebis Cat-

arebis dros mcenaris dasacavi produqtebisa da bio-

cidebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.

axali xili da bostneuli, iseve rogorc sxva saxis sursaTi,

SeiZleba aRmoCndes mikrobiologiuri dabinZurebis safrTxis

winaSe. safrTxes ZiriTadad warmoadgens ori paTogenuri baqteria

– salmonela da listeria. amgvari safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad

evrokavSiri awesebs sursaTis mikrobilogiur moTxovnebs, romlebic

mesame qveynidan importirebul produqciazec vrceldeba.

sursaTis mikrobilogiuri moTxovnebi mocemulia evrokomisi-

is 2005 wlis 15 noembris No 2073/2005 regulaciaSi. regulaciis

pirveli danarTi adgens specifikuri mikrobebis limitebs sakveb-

is sxvadasxva kategoriisTvis, maT Soris axali xilisa da bost-

neulis garkveuli saxeobebisTvis. salmonelas gavrcelebis sa-

frTxesTan dakavSirebiT, regulaciaSi aRsaniSnavia “ayvavebuli

Teslis” da sakvebad gamzadebuli “daWrili xilisa da bostneu-

lis” kategoriebi. aseTi sursaTis arcerTi erTeuli ar unda Sei-

cavdes salmonelas. oficialuri SemowmebisTvis unda moxdes 25

gr. sinjis 5 erTeulad aReba. salmonelas Tundac sinjis erT

erTeulSi aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi produqti ar unda iqnas daSve-

buli bazarze.

28


listeriis SemTxvevaSi, sayuradReboa regulaciaSi mocemu-

li sursaTis Semdegi kategoria “saWmelad gamzadebuli sakvebi,

romelic xels uwyobs listeriis monocitogenis zrdas, garda

bavSvis sakvebisa da samedicino daniSnulebis produqtebisa”.

baqteriis dasaSvebi raodenoba da sinjis aRebis moTxovna lis-

teriozisTvisac igivea da igi produqtis jer kidev mwarmoeblis

kontrolis qveS yofnis etapze xorcieldeba. produqtis bazarze

Setanis Semdeg sinji unda gakeTdes 1 gr. raodenobiT 5 erTeu-

lad. TiToeul erTeulSi dasaSvebia mxolod 100 cfu/g (mikroor-

ganizmebis koloniis Semqmneli erTeuli/gramze)9 baqteriis arse-

boba.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi valdebulni arian, uzrunvelyon

axali xilisa da bostneulisTvis dawesebuli mikrobiologiuri

kriteriumebis dacva da maTi monitoringi, maT Soris importire-

bul produqciaze. evrokavSiris wevri TiToeuli qveynis Sesabami-

si kompetenturi uwyeba axdens am kriteriumebis mixedviT sakvebi

produqtebis Semowmebas rogorc evrokavSiris bazarze maT Se-

tanamde, aseve bazarze moxvedris Semdeg. kriteriumebis darRvevis

SemTxvevaSi, importisTvis gankuTvnili sakvebi produqti evrokav-

Siris bazarze ar daiSveba da evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifo amis

Sesaxeb evrokomisias acnobebs. Tu importi ukve ganxorcielda da

mavnebelma produqciam momxmareblamde miaRwia, mavnebeli produq-

cia bazridan amoRebul unda iqnas da eqsportiors ekisreba momx-

mareblis saTanadod informirebis valdebuleba.

evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportirebuli sursaTi aseve unda ak-

mayofilebdes sursaTis damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb ev-

rokavSiris kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs. sursaTis “dabinZureba”

ganisazRvreba, rogorc biologiuri, qimiuri an fizikuri ucxo niv-

Tierebis arseboba, romelic ar aris mizanSewonili sursaTisTvis,

miuxedavad imisa sazianoa is Tu ara cxovelis an adamianis jan-

mrTelobisTvis da garemosTvis. sursaTSi damabinZurebeli niv-

Tiereba rogorc misi warmoebisa da marketingis sxvadasxva etapze,

aseve garemos dabinZurebis Sedegadac SeiZleba aRmoCndes.

evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/2006 regulacia

adgens garkveuli damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis Semcvelobis

zRvrul dones kvebis produqtebisTvis, maT Soris axali xilisa da

bostneulisTvis:

• nitratis Semcveloba ispanaxsa da salaTaSi;

• sxvadasxva mikotoqsinis Semcveloba TxilebSi, mSral

xilSi, burRuleulSi da sxva;

• metalebis Semcveloba xilSi, bostneulSi, kenkraSi da

sxva;

9 http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/controls/foodfeed/sampling_testing.pdf

29


• 3- meTil-ciklo-propenis (3-MCPD) Semcveloba

hidrolizebul mcenareul cilebSi da sxva.

aRniSnuli moTxovnebis dacva mkacrad kontroldeba evrokavSiris

bazarze sursaTis eqsportisas. evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis

adgilze produqcias utardeba SerCeviTi laboratoriuli

Semowmeba da darRvevebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi evrokavSiris

Sesabamisi uwyebebi eqsports SeaCereben.

evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis

No 396/2005 regulacia da am regulaciaze dayrdnobiT SemuSაvabuli

evrokomisiis Sesabamisi direqtivebi, aregulireben sursaTSi

dasaSvebi pesticidebis gamoyenebas. pesticidi aris biologiuri

nivTiereba, romelic gamoiyeneba sakvebis, adamianis janmrTelobisa

da garemosTvis saziano mavneblebis gasanadgureblad an maTi

kontrolisTvis. aseTi mavneblebia: mRrRnelebi, mwerebi, sokoebi da

mcenareebi. maT sawinaaRmdegod SeiZleba mxolod oficialurad

daSvebuli pesticidebis gamoyeneba.

evrokavSiris sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117 direqtivis

mixedviT, akrZalulia Semdegi pesticidebis gamoyeneba:

A. dariSxanis naerTebi:

• vercxliswylis oqsidi;

• vercxliswylis qloridi (kalomeli);

• vercxliswylis Semcveli sxva araorganuli naerTebi;

• vercxliswylis tuteebis Semcveli naerTebi;

• alkoqsialkilebi da vercxliswylis arilebis Semcveli

naerTebi.

B. aradegradirebadi qlororganuli nivTierebebi:

• aldrini;

• qlordani;

• dieldrini;

• ddt (diqloro-difenil-triqloreTani); • endrini;

• heqsaqlorani, romelic Seicavs 99%-ze nakleb gama izomers;

• heptaqlorani;

• heqsaqlorbenzeni;

C. sxva naerTebi:

• eTilenis oqsidi;

• nitrofeni;

• 1,2-dibromeTani;

• 1,2- diqloreTani;

• dinosebi (ZmarmJava da Cveulebrivi marilebi);

• binapakrili;

• kaptafoli;

30


• dikofoli (romelic Seicavs 78 %-ze nakleb dikofols an

1g/kg-ze met ddt-s);

• maleinis mJavis hidrazidi (garda qolinis, fosforis da

sodis marilebisa);

• qolinis, fosforis da sodis marilebi, romlebic Seicaven 1

mg/kg-ze met hidrazins;

• qintozeni, romelic Seicavs 1 mg/kg-ze met heqsaqlorbenzens

an 10g/kg-ze met pentaqlorbenzens.

evrokavSiri adgens pesticidebis dasaSveb raodenobas kvebis

produqtebisTvis. narCenis zRvruli raodenoba (MRLs – Maximum Residue Levels) aris pesticidis koncentraciis maqsimaluri raodenoba

sursaTSi, romelic gansazRvrulia individualuri nayofis/

pesticidis kombinaciisTvis. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris

sabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis No 396/2005 regulacia awesebs narCenis

zRvrul dones 600 substanciisTvis, rac dawvrilebiT mocemulia

evrokavSiris pesticidebis monacemTa bazaSi10.

axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportio-

rebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom eqsportisTvis gankuTvnil sursaTSi

pesticidebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes evrokavSiris mier dawese-

bul pesticidebis narCenis zRvrul raodenobas. evrokavSirSi Sesv-

lis adgilze Catarebuli SerCeviTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCenili

darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi, tvirTi evrokavSiris bazarze ar daiSveba.

eqsportiorebma aseve Tvalyuri unda adevnon narCenis zRvruli

raodenobis cvlilebas, raTa evrokavSiris axali moTxovnebi drou-

lad (eqsportis ganxorcielebamde) iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli.

sursaTis uvneblobis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba aseve

aregulirebs sursaTSi sakvebi danamatebis dasaSveb raodenobas.

“sakvebi danamati”, evrokavSiris sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No 89/107 direqtivis mixedviT ganisazRvreba, rogorc “nebismieri niv-

Tiereba, romelic ar moixmareba rogorc sakvebi da ar warmoadgens

sakvebis maxasiaTebel ingredients, romlis sakvebSi gamiznulad

gamoyenebac teqnologiuri daniSnulebiT warmoebis, gadamuSaveb-

is, momzadebis, damuSavebis, SefuTvis, transportirebis an Senaxvis

dros gamoiwvevs mis gadaqcevas am sakvebis komponentad”.

aRniSnuli direqtiviT daSvebulia sakvebi danamtebis mxolod

Semdegi kategoriebis gamoyeneba:

• feri;

• konservanti;

• anti-oqsidanti;

• emulgatori;

• maril-emulgatori;

10 http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm.

31


• gamaTxelebeli;

• Jele nivTiereba;

• Stabilizatori;

• gemos gamaumjobesebeli;

• mJava;

• mJavis regulatori;

• gamocxobis sawinaaRmdego nivTiereba;

• modificirebuli saxamebeli;

• damatkbobeli;

• gasafuebeli nivTiereba;

• aqafebis sawinaaRmdego nivTiereba;

• moWiqvis nivTiereba;

• fqvilis dasamuSavebeli nivTiereba;

• gamamyarebeli nivTiereba;

• higroskopuli nivTiereba;

• seqvestranti (4);• fermenti (4) (5);• Semavsebeli;

• samoZrao da SesafuTi airi;

• asaqafebeli nivTiereba.

sakvebi danamatebis umetesobis gamoyeneba mxolod SezRuduli

raodenobiTaa daSvebuli garkveuli sasursaTo produqtebisTvis.

sakvebis zogierTi danamatisTvis ar aris dawesebuli maqsimaluri

zRvari, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba unda moxdes saTanado sawarmoo

praqtikis Sesabamisad, iseTi raodenobiT, rac aucilebelia

konkretuli miznis misaRwevad da rac ar iwvevs momxmareblis

SecdomaSi Seyvanas. sakvebi danamati, aseTis Semcvelobis SemTxvevaSi,

miTiTebuli unda iyos sursaTis etiketze.

32


danarTi #1

axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis forma

33


danarTi #2

axali xilisa da bostneulis samrewvelo gamoyenebis

sertifikatis forma

34


danarTi #3

fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma

35


fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma reeqsportisTvis

36


danarTi #4

mcenaris gadaadgilebis dokumenti

37


danarTi #5

publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli evrokavSiris sakanonmdeblo

dokumentebi

1. evrokavSiris sabWos 2007 wlis 22 oqtombris No 1234/2007 regulacia;

2. evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris No 1580/2007 regulacia;

3. evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia;4. evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtiva;

5. evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 7 oqtombris No 2004/103 direqtiva;

6. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2002 wlis 28

ianvris No 178/2002 regulacia;


aprilis No 852/2004 regulacia;

8. evrokomisiis 2005 wlis 15 noembris No 2073/2005 regulacia;

9. evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/2006 regulacia;


Tebervlis No 396/2005 regulacia;

11. evrokavSiris sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117

direqtiva;

12. evrokavSiris sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No 89/107 direqtiva.

38


SUMMARY

EXPORT OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FROM THIRD COUNTRIES TO THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET

1. FORWARD

Present publication describes the requirements for export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to the European Union market. Accessing the EU market by third country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables requires compliance with regulations designed by the EU to ensure food safety and plant health within the EU. The EU also sets marketing standards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables which are also applicable for imports from third countries (including Georgia). In addition to the strict regulatory framework, exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables should be aware of certification and inspection rules at the point of entry into the EU.

The EU legislation defines two main food categories: food of animal origin and non-animal origin. All agricultural products including Fresh Fruits and Vegetables belong to the latter. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables include fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms as well as precut ready to eat fruits and vegetables. Food of non-animal origin is entitled to less strict import rules in the EU than the food of animal origin. While third country exporters of products of animal origin need to acquire a special imports approval from the EU (and need an adjunction to the list of third country enterprises, which are allowed to export food of animal origin to the EU market) this rule doesn’t apply to the exporters of the products of non-animal origin. However, third country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables still must comply with the relevant EU legislation, which is provided in the present publication.

2. MARKETING STANDARDS FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

The EU sets general and specific marketing standards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, which are laid down in the European Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008. According to the EU marketing standards, Fresh Fruits and Vegetables are allowed on the EU market, if the products are sound, of market quality and if the country of origin is marked on the product. Marketing standards specify the quality, classification, size, packaging, storing, transporting, presentation and labeling requirements of the products. The purpose of marketing standards is to inform consumers about the quality of the product and its origin. General marketing standards

39


are provided in Annex A of the European Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008. General marketing standards determine minimum quality requirements for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, also minimum maturity requirements, tolerance to those requirements and a requirement to mark the origin of produce.

In order to ensure that Fresh Fruits and Vegetables exports from third countries meet the EU marketing standards, exporters are required to have a Certificate of Conformity. Certificate of Conformity indicates that the exported products comply with the EU marketing standards. Certificate of Conformity can be acquired by the third country exporters either in the exporting country or at the point of entry into the European Union. Inspection bodies of the EU Member States carry out conformity checks of consignments of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables with the information provided in the Certificate of Conformity. Relevant certification and inspection procedures are described in the second chapter of the publication and model Certificate of Conformity can be found in the Annex.

3. SPECIFIC MARKETING STANDARDS FOR CITRUS FRUIT

According to the Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008, Specific marketing standards apply only to the following 10 products: apples, citrus fruit, kiwifruit, lettuces, peaches and nectarines, pears, strawberries, sweet peppers, table grapes and tomatoes. Third chapter of this publication provides information on the specific marketing standards for citrus fruits which is one of the major export products in Georgia.

Specific marketing standards for citrus fruit apply to varieties of lemons, mandarins and oranges. Specific marketing standards for citrus fruit consist of minimum quality requirements, maturity requirements defined by colouring and minimum juice content, classification, sizing, presentation, and provisions concerning marking of the produce.

4. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES FOR PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS

The EU has developed a set of sanitary and phytosanitary measures which ensure human and plant health within the European Union. These requirements are laid down in the Council Directive No 2000/29 of May 8 2000. The EU phytosanitary measures also apply to certain plant products including some fruits and vegetables. Third country exporters are required to provide a Phytosanitary Certificate at the point of entry into the European Union. Therefore, it is essential for third country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to comply with EU’s sanitary and phytosanitary measures for plants and plant products.

Phytosanitary Certificate must be issued by the competent authority in the third country and must confirm that the exported agricultural products are not contaminated

40


with harmful chemical contaminants or micro-organisms, which can cause harm to human or plant health and which are capable of carrying plant diseases. The model Phytosanitary Certificates are provided in the annex of the present publication.

Conformity checks for phytosanitary requirements for plants and plant products are carried out by the inspection bodies of the EU Member States at point of entry into the European Union. Council Directive No 2000/29 of May 8, 2000 stipulates physical, documentary and identity checks of consignments of plants and plant products. If the inspection detects harmful organisms or plant diseases the exporters will be refused to enter the EU. In some cases the harmful plant and plant product consignments may be destroyed at the place of inspection.

5. FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

Exports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to the EU market is subject to strict check of compliance with regard to EU food safety and hygiene requirements, such as restrictions on certain food additives, pesticide residues and chemical contaminants. Member States of the European Union decide where to carry out the official checks and random testing - at point of entry, distribution or retail sale.

The EU food safety legislation is built on the Regulation of the Council and Parliament No 178/2002 of January 22, 2002, which stipulates that all imported food shall comply with EU food safety standards. Under this regulation, food business operator (i.e. importer) is responsible for traceability of the food exported to the EU, which means that the importer should be able to provide all necessary information about the primary production and post harvest handling of the produce in order to satisfy EU food safety requirements. If the importer has a reasonable concern about the quality of the food imported in the EU the importer should inform relevant authorities and the food must be withdrawn from the EU market.

Last chapter of this publication provides general hygiene requirements for primary production of food, which are also applicable to growing and harvesting of fruits and vegetables. This chapter also describes relevant EU rules on microbiological contamination, chemical contaminants, pesticides approved for use in the EU and those which are banned, also harmonised Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticides and food additives.

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Tbilisi 2010


Documents

mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da …eugbc.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/1-52_129_965394... · 2014. 3. 31. · 2 evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, axali