Mesin Report SEM 2(3)

8/10/2019 Mesin Report SEM 2(3)

1/17

OBJECTIVES

i. Can explain how each one of the major lathes machine work.

ii. To stud how to use the drill set on the work piece.

iii. Can list the factor that must !e considered !efore use the lathe machine.

i". To know how to do the tapin# after do the !orin#.". Can use material !ase on the procedure.


2/17

E$%I&'E(T )(* )&&)+)T%S

Tools Function

VERNIER CALIPER

User for measuring

external as well as internal

diameter

Single point cutting tool bit

To cut the work pieces.

L-spanner

To open or adjust toolbit

holde


3/17

CENTRE DRILL

To drill a hole at the center

of workpiece before

drilling

Parting tool

To making process of cut

o on the workpiece

Tap

Normally supply the

rotating power for hand

taps


4/17

DRILL CHUCK

To make center point

before drilling work pieces

Center

To make center point and

drilling work piece

Tist !rill bit To drill a hole on the

workpiece


5/17


6/17

S),ET- &+EC)%TIO(

. /E(E+)0 S),ET- &+EC)%TIO(

1earin# the suita!le clothes like jacket !efore ou enter the workshop. 'ake sure ou

are not allowed to use slippers for safet first.

&unctuall with our time and do not !e late to attend our workshop.

'ake sure all facilities in the workshop still in #ood condition to a"oid an accident.

The windows must !e closed !efore lea"e the workshop.

'ake sure all the switch is turn off.

'ake sure ou clean up the machine and its component after used.

+eturn the tools to our lecturers after finish do our work.

1ash our hand after handlin# the machine and tools.

Shape the lar#est surface first.

2eep hands3 !rushes and ra#s awa from the re"ol"in# shapin# cutter.

%se a "acuum3 !rush or rake to remo"e cuttin#s onl after the cutters ha"e stopped

mo"in#.

Chan#e cuttin# compounds periodicall. Shapin# machines can !e dan#erous if not

used properl.

'ake sure ou understand instructions and are properl trained !efore operatin# a

millin# machine.

1ear appropriate safet #lasses.

Ensure that the shapin# machine has a start4stop !utton within eas reach of the

operator.

Ensure that the work piece and cutter are mounted securel !efore takin# a cut.

Check that work is mounted s5uarel.

'ount work in a "ise that is !olted or held ma#neticall to the ta!le. %se proper hand

tools to make adjustments. +efer to 6and Tools for more information.

6old shippin# cutters with a cloth to a"oid !ein# cut when handlin# them.

'o"e ta!le as far as possi!le from cutter

2eep cutters sharpened correctl and in #ood condition.

2eep workin# surface clear of scraps3 tools and materials.

2eep floor around the shapin# machine free of oil and #rease.


7/17

7. T%+(I(/ ')C6I(E S),ET-

)lwas wear appro"ed safet #lass3 it is important to protect our ees from chips fl.

+oll up our slee"es3 remo"e our tie3 and tuck in loose clothin#.

(e"er wear a rin# or watch3 this ma !e cau#ht in re"ol"in# work.

*o not operate the lathe machine until ou full understand its control.

(e"er operate the machine if safet is #uard are remo"ed or not closed properl.

Stop the lathe !efore ou measure work3 clean or adjust the machine.

(e"er attempt to stop a lathe chuck or dri"e plate ! hand.

Be sure that the chuck or face plate is mounted securel !efore startin# the lathe.

)lwas remo"es the chuck wrench after use to a"oid the wrench could fl out and

injured someone.

)lwas remo"es the chips with !rush and ne"er with our hand.

1hene"er we are polishin#3 filin#3 cleanin# or adjustin# to thework piece or machine3

alwas remo"es the sharp tool !it from the tool holder to "ent serious cuts to ourarms or hand.


8/17

8. O&E+)TI(/ S),ET- &+EC)%TIO(

+otatin# chucks and work are the major dan#ers in lathe work. Chips and the tool !it are also

potential dan#ers if the operator does not pa attention to what is happenin#.

)lwas roll up loose slee"es and remo"e ties3 rin#3 watch and so on !efore

operatin# the machine.

)lwas wear specified ee protection.

1ear the suita!le cloth.

'ake all adjustments with the machine off.

)lwas keep our hands awa from mo"in# part.

*o not measure work with the lathe runnin#. It is poor practice.

*o not adjust the cuttin# tool with the machine runnin#.

*o not chan#e #ears while the lathe is runnin#. (e"er walk awa from a lathe when it is operatin#.

1hen the work is complete3 shut of power and clean the machine.


9/17

T6EO+-S

Thou#h the fundamental principle of operation of all lathes is same and perform the same

function3 et the are classified accordin# to the desi#n3 tpes of dri"e3 arran#ement of #ears3

and purpose. The followin# are important tpes of lathes.

Speed lathe.

It is one of the simplest tpes of all lathes. It is dri"en ! power and consists of a !ed3 a

headstock3 a tail stock and an adjusta!le slide for supportin# the tool. Since the tool is fed into

the work ! hand and cuts are "er small3 therefore the tpe of lathes is dri"en at hi#h speeds

usuall from 799 to 8:99 r.p.m. The work ma !e held !etween centers or attached to a face

plate on the headstock. The speed lathe is used mainl for wood workin#3 centerin#3 metal

spinnin#3 polishin# etc.

Engine or centre

lathe.

It

is

a #eneral

purpose

lathe

and is

widel used in workshops. It differs from a speed lathe that

it has additional mechanism for controllin# the spindle speed

and for supportin# and controllin# the feed of the fixed cuttin# tool. The cuttin# tool ma !e

fed !oth in cross and lon#itudinal direction with reference to the lathe axis with the help of a

carria#e. The en#ine lathe3 dependin# upon the desi#n of headstock for recei"in# power3 ma

!e classified as !elt dri"en lathe3 motor dri"en lathe and #eared head lathe.

Beach lathe.

The !each lathe is so small that it can !e mounted on a !each. )ll the tpes of operation can!e performed on this lathe that ma !e done on an ordinar speed or en#ine lathe. This is used


10/17

for small work usuall re5uirin# considera!le accurac such as in the production of #au#es3

punches and !eds for press tools.

Tool room lathe.

The tool room lathe is similar to an en#ine lathe and is e5uipped with all the accessoriesneeded for accurate tool work. It has an indi"iduall dri"en #eared headstock with a wide

ran#e of spindle speeds. Since this lathe is used for precision work on tools3 #au#es3 dies3 ji#s

and other small parts3 therefore #reater skill is needed to operate the lathe.

Capstan and turret lathe.

The capstan and turret lathes are the modification of en#ine lathes and is particularl used for

mass production of identical parts in the minimum time. These lathes are semi;automatic and

are fitted with multi tool holdin# de"ices3 called capstan and turret heads. The ad"anta#e of

capstan and turret lathe is that se"eral different tpes of operations can !e performed on aworkpiece without resettin# of work or tools.

Automatic lathes.

The automatic lathes are so desi#ned that the tools are automaticall fed to the work and

withdrawn after all the operations are complete to finish the work. Since the entire operation

is automatic3 these lathes re5uire little attention of the operator. These lathes are used for mass

production of identical parts.


11/17

&+OCE*%+E

B usin# saw cut a work piece that needed. The len#th of the work piece is mm

87mm

. 6old the work piece in the chuck than strai#ht turnin# the work piece alon# 78mm

to #et 77mm.

78mm

77mm

7. Turn o"er work piece to another side. Then3 strai#ht turnin# the work piece alon#

87mm to #et 89mm.

87mm

89mm

8. %sin# the smallest drill shanks mark the center point of the work piece !efore

drillin#.


12/17


13/17

?. The 9.=mm tap drill is used for tappin#.

>. 0astl cleanin# the work piece and polishin# it to pre"ent it rust.


14/17

+ES%0T

Ta!le

(o &ortions +

@mmA

+7

@mmA

+8

@mmA

)"era#e

@++7+8A4

8

D of error

,acin# 87mm 87.9 87.7 87.9 87.9? 9.>

7 ,acin# =mm > 9

< Cut off 77mm 7.= 7.= 7.< 7..= 7>.< 7>.= 7>.


15/17

*ISC%SSIO(S

aA There are se"en tpe of machinin# operation used in lathe machinin# such as

facin#3!orin# and so on.1ith a suita!le dia#ram3descri!e all tpe of machinin#

operation that need to machine the project.

)nsF ,acin# !orin# turnin# millin#

*rillin# Chamferin# Cut off

!A Bod is one of the parts a"aila!le on spiral drill.it is situated !etween tip and rod./i"e

six component a"aila!le on the !od with !rief explanation.

)nsF

cA State two tpes of drill !it used in drillin# the project @,i#ure 7.A and #i"e one

function of each drill !it.

)nsFTwist *rill and Center *rill.Twist drill is one of commonl used in drillin#.

dA /i"e the differences !etween strai#ht rod@strai#ht shankA and taper rod@taper shankAof

drill !it.State the suita!le holdin# de"ice for those drill !it.

)nsF

*ifference Strai#ht shank Taper shank

6oldin# de"ice %sed strai#ht collect chuck *rill socket

eA 1hat does ': 7.9 stamped on the shank of a tap meanG

)nsF ' is mean to 'alasian Standard where is the thread an#le is :9 de#ree3 : is the

major diameter of the shank of tap and 7.9 is the pitch diameter of the shank of a tap.

fA 1h choosin# appropriate cuttin# speed is "er important durin# drillin# a holeG


16/17

)nsF Cuttin# speed is depends on the siHe of drill !it and the hardness of workpiece.)s the

siHe of drill !it increase3the cuttin# speed must !e decrease.This is !ecause when hi#h

cuttin# speed@999rpmA is used on the !i##er siHe of drill !it@77mmA to drill the

workpiece3in the middle or !e#innin# of the drillin# process the drill !it will !reak

!ecause of the "i!ration of the drill !it and the heat produced when turnin# is too hi#h

causin# the drill !it easil to !reak.

#A Cuttin# speed for mild steel is 7=m4min.Calculate rotation per minute@rpmA for a drill

!it with diameter =mm./i"enF V

)nsF * = mm V 7=m4min ( G rpm

V

7=

7= 9.9


17/17

CO(C0%SIO(

Documents

Mesin Report SEM 2(3)