Does the moral truth fundamentally depend on our attitudes?

Are the attitudes in question beliefs?

Do moral claims express beliefs?

Error Theory

Relativism/Subjectivism Quasi-Realism

Is moral knowledge possible?

Moral Skepticism

Can moral terms be defined in non-moral terms?

If moral and non-moral terms co-refer, do they name the same property?

Analytic Naturalism*

Can the reference-fixing relation for any moral term be described wholly in non-moral terms?

If moral terms cannot be defined or have their reference-fixing relations described in non-moral terms, might they still refer to properties that are identical with/constituted by/constitutive of one(s) named by non-moral term(s)?

???

Anti-Realism

Is moral knowledge a priori?

IS THERE MORAL TRUTH? Realism

Non-Naturalism*

Intuitionism Moral Sense Theory

KEY Line Color: General Border Color: Border Corner Color: Green = Yes Blue = Metaphysics Red = Actual View Red = No Orange = Semantics Black = Possible View Purple = Continue Green = Epistemology

Non-Cognitivism (except Quasi-Realism) and Fictionalism (some forms)

If a moral term has a non-moral definition, do the term and the definition name the same property?

Non-Reductive Analytic Naturalism*‡

* (Non-)Naturalism is the standard label for these views. Technically, we need another level of questions to determine whether the properties in question are natural or non-natural. We could then distinguish, e.g., Analytic Naturalism from Analytic Non-Naturalism, or (standard) Non-Naturalism from “Autonomous Naturalism.” Since these distinctions are rarely, if ever, discussed, I set this issue aside here. † You will see no more epistemic green on this branch of the chart. Typically, epistemic access on synthetic naturalism involves both (a priori?) access to the correct reference-fixing relation and either a priori or a posteriori access to the relevant relata. ‡ Setting aside the possibility of reduction without property identity.

Synthetic Naturalism*†

Reductive Analytic Naturalism*

Reductive Synthetic Naturalism*

Non-Reductive Synthetic Naturalism*‡

Can we say anything informative about the metaphysical nature of these non-natural properties?

Robust Realism Quietism