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Central Washington University

Outside Plant Communications Distribution

Design Guide

(Revision 1.1)

May 25, 2001

Conley Engineering, Inc.Consulting Electrical Engineers

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TABLEOF CONTENTS

TABLEOF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................II

LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................II

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1

DOCUMENT INTENT..........................................................................................................................1TYPEOF CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................................2

NEW CONSTRUCTIONOVERBUILD CONSTRUCTIONBASIC CONSTRUCTION

DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS........................................4DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................4DESIGN STANDARDS........................................................................................................................4

REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODESMANUFACTURERSDEVIATIONFROM STANDARDS

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS..................................................................................7OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................................7

TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT MASTER PLAN

DEFINITIONOF TERMSPATHWAY SYSTEM.........................................................................................................................10

GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSUNDERGROUND CABLE VAULTS (UCVS)DUCTS (CONDUIT)DUCTBANKS

COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA.................................................................................................................20GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSGROUNDINGAND BONDINGMEDIA TYPESTERMINATIONLABELINGAND ADMINISTRATION

ENTRANCE FACILITIES.....................................................................................................................24GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSGROUNDINGAND BONDING

APPENDICES....................................................................................................25APPENDIX 1 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS...........................................................................................25APPENDIX 2 BIBLIOGRAPHYAND REFERENCES....................................................................................26

2011 Conley Engineering, Inc.

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FIGURESAND TABLES

LISTOF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL STAR TOPOLOGY ...................................7

FIGURE 2 TYPICAL UCV DETAIL ....................................................................11

FIGURE 3 SPLAYED DUCT ENTRY/EXIT............................................................12

FIGURE 4 CORRECT AND INCORRECT DUCT ENTRY/EXIT FROM A UCV .............12FIGURE 5 DUCT ENTRANCES IN A UCV ..........................................................16

FIGURE 6 TYPICAL 4X4 DUCTBANK DETAILS...................................................19

LISTOF TABLES

TABLE 1 REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES ............................................5

TABLE 2 DEFINITION OF TERMS......................................................................8

TABLE 3 DUCT TYPES AND USAGE.................................................................14TABLE 4 DUCTBANK MINIMUM SEPARATIONS................................................17

2011 Conley Engineering, Inc. ii

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to provide CWU staff, as well as consultingarchitects, engineers, and designers working for CWU with a guide for thedesign of outside plant (OSP) communications distribution systems thataccurately reflect CWU and industry standards in effect as of this publication.

This document was originally produced (in 1999) based on industry standardsand practices, as well as the telecommunications practices in use at thattime at CWU. Under the current revision, it has been updated to reflect themethods, materials and standards that have been used to for providingtelecommunications services to the existing Residence Hall facilities. Theupdated document also reflects changes in industry practice as of thispublication.

Outside plant communications distribution systems designed for CWU areexpected to support and integrate voice, data, and video communications

with common media (fiber optic and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) coppercable).

In general, it is the responsibility of the outside plant communicationsdistribution designer to coordinate with the other designers on a project(architecture, electrical, mechanical, etc.) to ensure that other systems areboth compatible with and complementary to the communications cablingsystem. CWUs design philosophy is that it is critical to coordinate betweendisciplines during the design phase of a project, rather than attempting tomake adjustments in the field during construction.

DOCUMENT INTENT

This document addresses outside plant communications distribution systemdesign as it relates to:

Pathway System underground cable vaults (UCVs), ductbanks, ducts(conduits), etc.

Communications Media fiber and UTP copper media. Building Entrance Facilities

This document is not intended to serve as a Master Specification nor forstand-alone use on design build projects it is to be used in conjunctionwith the CWU Outside Plant Communications Distribution System MasterSpecification. This document should serve as a guide for making standardscompliant design decisions which, in due course, will be reflected in a systemspecification based upon the CWU Outside Plant Communications DistributionSystem Master Specification. In addition to specifications for atelecommunications project, plan drawings and schematic diagrams will alsoneed to be produced by the designer. The drawings should conform to theguidelines contained in this document.

2011 Conley Engineering, Inc. 1

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INTRODUCTION

In addition, this document is not intended to replace or detract from theCustomer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual (CO-OSP) produced anddistributed by BICSI.1 Rather, this document is to be used in conjunction withthe CO-OSP in order to reinforce selected CO-OSP content as well as highlightany differences between CO-OSP and CWU standards.

TYPEOF CONSTRUCTION

Throughout this document, reference will be made to three types ofconstruction: new, overbuild and basic construction. Construction of a newoutside plant communications distribution system as well as the addition toand/or modification of an existing outside plant communications distributionsystem are considered to be included in these construction projects.

Tradeoffs between design standards and practicality will many times bedependent upon the type of construction. Different design approaches maybe warranted given differing types of construction.

Where the type of construction is applicable to the current discussion, asuperscripted circular number, such as this, will make reference next to the text. Thisnumber refers to a comment in a specialConstruction Reference box to the right ofthe text (see the example at right).

The three types of construction are defined below. These definitions areapplicable to the purposes of this document only.

NEW CONSTRUCTION

New construction is defined as construction that results in a new (or newportion of an existing) outside plant communications distribution system.

For the most part, new pathway will be constructed and newcommunications media will be installed in the pathway. A recent CWUproject with components that typify this type of construction is:

Electrical Utility Upgrade Phase 1 (1999-2001)

OVERBUILD CONSTRUCTION

Overbuild construction is defined as construction which may includedemolition and/or abandonment of existing pathway and communicationsmedia, reuse of existing pathway for installation of new communicationsmedia, and the addition of new pathway and/or media to existing pathway

and/or media. Common terms referring to this type of constructioninclude expansion, renovation, remodel, addition, and retrofit, amongothers.

1The CO-OSP is probably the first widely distributed industry reference text for the design of standards

compliant outside plant communications distribution systems.


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE This is an example of a reference

to the text at the left

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INTRODUCTION

BASIC CONSTRUCTION

Basic construction is defined as construction that includes reuse ofexisting distribution pathway for the installation of new communicationsmedia. Demolition of existing communications media may be involved aswell. In general, basic construction is focused on the installation of newcommunications media with no (or very minor) modifications made to theexisting pathway system. Recent CWU projects with components thattypify this type of construction are:

Campus Fiber Optic Backbone (FOB) (1999-2001) Residential Network (RESNET) (1999-2001)


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DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONSAND DESIGN STANDARDS


DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS

It is required that all outside plant communications distribution systemdesigns executed on the behalf of CWU be designed by a RegisteredCommunications Distribution Designer (RCDD) as certified by BICSI2. Thismeans that the design project shall be managed under the direct supervisionof an RCDD on the consultants staff. Project related communicationsbetween CWU and the consultant shall be mainly through the RCDD.

In addition to the RCDD certification, it is desirable that the RCDD have thefollowing qualifications:

Professional Engineer (P.E.) in the electrical engineering field RCDD/LAN certification from BICSI

MCSE certification from Microsoft Corporation3

In addition, the RCDD shall have the following qualifications:

The RCDD shall demonstrate a minimum of 5 years of experience in thedesign of outside plant communications distribution systems. Experiencenot directly related to the design of outside plant communicationsdistribution systems, such as sales and/or marketing, projectmanagement, or installation experience, is not acceptable.

The RCDD shall demonstrate that he/she has designed or has hadpersonal design oversight of a minimum of five projects similar in size andconstruction cost to the current CWU project.

The RCDD shall not be affiliated with any manufacturer associated withthe communications distribution system industry.

The RCDD shall be completely familiar and conversant with the standardslisted below.

DESIGN STANDARDS

REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES

CWU standards are based upon the Customer-Owned Outside Plant DesignManual (CO-OSP) produced by BICSI, the Telecommunications Distribution

Methods Manual (TDMM) also produced by BICSI, ANSI/TIA/EIA and ISO/IECstandards, and NEC codes, among others.

It is required that the Designer be thoroughly familiar with the content andintent of these references, standards, and codes and that the Designer be

2BICSI, 8610 Hidden River Pkwy, Tampa, FL 33637-1000 USA, Tampa, FL 33612-6415; 1-800-242-7405;www.bicsi.org3Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, (425) 882-8080;

www.microsoft.com/mcse


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capable of applying the content and intent of these references, standards,and codes to all outside plant communications system designs executed onthe behalf of CWU.

Listed in the table below are references, standards, and codes applicable tooutside plant communications systems design. If questions arise as to whichreference, standard, or code should apply in a given situation, the more

stringent shall prevail. As each of these documents are modified over time,the latest edition and addenda to each of these documents is considered tobe definitive.

TABLE 1 REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES

Standard/Reference Name/Description

BICSI CO-OSP BICSI Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual

BICSI TDMM BICSI Telecommunications Distribution MethodsManual

BICSI TCIM BICSI Telecommunications Cabling Installation Manual

TIA/EIA - 758 Customer-Owned Outside Plant TelecommunicationsCabling Standard

TIA/EIA - 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications CablingStandard

TIA/EIA - 569 Commercial Building Standard for TelecommunicationPathways and Spaces

TIA/EIA - 606 The Administration Standard for theTelecommunications Infrastructure of CommercialBuildings

TIA/EIA - 607 Commercial Building Grounding and BondingRequirements for Telecommunications

TIA/EIA - 455 Fiber Optic Test Standards

TIA/EIA - 526 Optical Fiber Systems Test Procedures

IEEE 802.3 (series) Local Area Network Ethernet Standard, including theIEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Standard

NEC National Electric Code, NFPA

NESC National Electrical Safety Code, IEEE

L&I Department of Labor and Industries, Electrical Section,RCW 19.28, WAC 296-46 and WAC 296-401A, InterimPrinting

OSHA Codes Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Codeof Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1910 - GeneralIndustry, and 1926 - Construction Industry, et al.

Also of use to the Designer are the references listed in Appendix 2 Bibliography and References.

MANUFACTURERS

In addition to the standards listed above, CWU has selected severalmanufacturers of communications cabling infrastructure products. Thesemanufacturers and their products are identified in the CWU CommunicationsDistribution System Master Specification. The outside plant communicationsdistribution designer is required to incorporate only these manufacturers into


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the design, and to design a communications distribution system that will besuitable for the use of products from these manufacturers.

DEVIATIONFROM STANDARDS

It is not the intent of CWU to rigidly impose standards on every aspect of anoutside plant communications system design. Each design is unique andeach design may be subject to situations in which deviations from thestandards are warranted.

If the Designer feels that deviation from a given standard is warranted, theDesigner shall submit a written deviation request to CWU. The request will,at a minimum, indicate the standard from which there is a proposeddeviation, the substitution being proposed in place of the standard, thereason the request is being made, and an explanation of the justifications(economic, technical or otherwise) for the deviation. The Designer may,upon written approval from CWU, incorporate the design deviation into theoverall design. CWU approval is required on a project-by-project basis. The

Designer should not assume that a deviation approval for one project meansthat the deviation will necessarily be approved for a subsequent project.


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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS


OVERVIEW

This section highlights design considerations of particular importance toCWU. It also discusses differing CWU standards given the type ofconstruction (new, overbuild, or basic) for a particular project, as well asCWU standards that may differ from the standards listed previously in Table1.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT MASTER PLAN

Each design performed on the behalf of CWU shall conform to and integratewith the CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan. Thisplan provides a 10-year strategy for the use and expansion of theunderground telecommunications pathways on the CWU campus.

The Master Plan calls for the campus to be subdivided into nine areas calledBuilding Clusters. Each building within a cluster is connected withtelecommunications pathway to a building within the cluster that will serveas the Building Cluster Hub. The Building Cluster Hubs are in turn connectedwith telecommunications pathway to the Communications Center. Thisconfiguration is based upon a TIA/EIA standard two-level hierarchical startopology such as that shown in Figure 1, below.

FIGURE 1 TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL STAR TOPOLOGY

Please refer to the Master Plan Overview drawing in the CWUTelecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan for more detail.

DEFINITIONOF TERMS

The table below defines and clarifies common terms that will be usedthroughout this section it is expected that the Designer is already familiarwith these terms.


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TABLE 2 DEFINITIONOF TERMS4

Term Definition

Backbone Pathway or cable between buildings.

Backfill Earth material used specifically for filling and gradingexcavations back to a finished state. Backfill is placed ontop of the bedding surrounding encased ductbanks anddirect-buried conduits.

Base Earth materials used specifically to level and grade anexcavations subgrade for the subsequent placement ofencased ductbanks, direct-buried conduit, and UCVs.Base material is placed on top of the subgrade andbeneath the bedding surrounding encased ductbanks,conduits, or UCVs.

Bedding Earth material used specifically for filling excavations.Bedding is placed around encased ductbank, conduits, orUCVs. Bedding is placed on top of the Base (if a Baseexists) and beneath the backfill.

Building Cluster A group of buildings connected via pathway in a startopology to a Building Cluster Hub (see below).

Building Cluster Hub A building that serves as a pathway hub for the buildingsin its Building Cluster.

CommunicationsCenter

A centralized building on the CWU campus that serves as apathway hub for the Building Cluster Hubs. TheCommunications Center, Building Cluster Hubs, andindividual buildings are connected together with pathwayin a two-level hierarchical star topology as shown in Figure1.

Duct A single enclosed raceway (conduit) used for the routing of cables.

Ductbank An arrangement of multiple ducts, usually in tiers.

Entrance Facility(EF)

The interface between the premises (in-building)communications distribution system and the outside plant

communications distribution system and services (such asthe public telephone network or inter-building (campus)backbone cabling.)

The EF consists of protection hardware, connectinghardware and cable and equipment necessary to connectpremises distribution to outside plant distribution.

Underground CableVault(UCV)

Manholes

Handholes/Pullholes

An underground cable vault (part of an underground ductsystem) used to facilitate placing, connectorizing, andmaintaining telecommunications cables and associatedequipment. UCV collectively refers to manholes,handholes, and pullholes.

A large underground cable vault in which it is expected

that a person can completely enter to perform work.

A small underground cable vault in which it is expectedthat a person cannot completely enter to perform work.Handholes/pullholes are used for the placement of cableonly. Splicing and/or equipment are not permitted in

4 Many of these definitions are excerpted or modified from original definitions from: BICSI, Customer-Owned

Outside Plant Design Manual; BICSI, Telecommunications Distribution Methods (TDMM) Manual; and TIA/EIA 758, Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling Standard


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handholes/pullholes.


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PATHWAYSYSTEM

The pathway system (underground cable vaults, ducts, and ductbanks) is thefoundational component of the outside plant communications distributionsystem. A pathway system designed with foresight provides for ease of

administration, maintenance, future expansion, and replacement of cablingas technology changes. A well-designed pathway system contributes moreto reducing the total cost of ownership of an outside plant communicationsdistribution system than does any other single component.

This section describes design considerations for the pathway system that areof particular concern to CWU. The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIAstandards and the BICSI CO-OSP and TDMM for other and more specificdesign criteria and detail.

GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

As discussed previously, the design of pathway shall conform to the TIA/EIAstandard two-level hierarchical star topology as defined in the CWUTelecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan.

Prior to design, the Designer is expected to meet with CWU and reviewCWUs requirements for the project. Items to review should include proposedpathway routing, aesthetic requirements, long range plans that CWU hasregarding new and existing buildings, paved areas, opens spaces, etc. whichcould be affected by the design, and any unique requirements specific to theproject.

After the requirements review, a thorough

and detailed field investigation shall beconducted. The field survey shallinclude, but should not be limited to:

1. A thorough review of existing records and a comparison of these recordsagainst actual field conditions.

2. Notation of the condition, suitability, and diagrams showing the locationsof existing pathway, UCVs, and building entrances likely to be usedduring the course of the project.

3. Documentation of where the telecommunications pathway will requirecoordination with pathway used for other utilities.

4. Investigate adverse ground conditions and obstructions (such asbuildings, trees, etc.) and any significant changes in grade along theproposed pathway.

5. Notation of the existing paving types and the type of material used as abase below the paving along the proposed route.

6. Notation of the most desirable locations for new underground cable vaults(UCVs) and ductbank routes, as well as any alternative locations androutes.


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE This list is primarily applicable to

New and Overbuild Construction.However, items 1 and 2 areapplicable to Basic Construction aswell.

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Detailed design should commence only after the field survey has beenconducted and reviewed by CWU.

The discussion below focuses on specific design considerations for the majorcomponents of the pathway system: UCVs, ducts, and ductbanks.

UNDERGROUND CABLE VAULTS (UCVS)

UCVs provide accessible space in an outside plant pathway system for thepulling, placing, and splicing of cables, as well as for maintenance andoperations equipment. UCVs are also used to segment the pathway systeminto lengths compatible with standard reel lengths for outside plant cable andto conform to maximum pathway lengths as defined in the TIA/EIA standards.

Underground cable vaults consist of manholes and handholes/pullholes (seeTable 2, above). UCVs are also sometimes referred to as maintenanceholes. Typically, manholes are installed for main ductbanks (i.e. ductbanksused for routing large portions of the telecommunications system backbone),and handholes/pullholes are installed for subsidiary ductbanks (i.e. ductbanks

serving small clusters of buildings or a single building).FIGURE 2 TYPICAL UCV DETAIL

RESTORE FINISHED

CONDITION (TURF, CON

FOR TURF AREAS,

The quantity of duct entrances in a UCV should be sized for both immediate

and future requirements. Adequate capacity for future duct entrances willmitigate the need for future wall breakouts. Additionally, UCVs configuredfor splayed duct entrances (rather than center entrances) are preferred.Splayed duct entry facilitates racking and minimizes bending of thecommunications cable. An example of splayed duct entry/exit is shown in thefigure below.


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FIGURE 3 SPLAYED DUCT ENTRY/EXIT

4 " C O N D U I T( T Y P I C A L )

P L A N V I E W

U C V

When designing duct entry and exit from a UCV, it is desirable to have ductsenter and exist from opposite ends of the UCV. If possible, ducts enteringthe sidewalls of a UCV should be avoided, given that sidewall entry mayreduce overall racking space, may cause minimum cable bend radii to beexceeded, can complicate (or hinder) future cable maintenance, and canincrease construction costs during cable installation.

However, CWU recognizes that sidewall duct entry may be necessary or evendesirable at times. If sidewall duct entry is necessary, the Designer shallensure that ducts enter and exit at diagonally opposite corners rather than at

endwall or sidewall midpoints. The Designer is to ensure that the design ofthe endwall and sidewall duct entry in a UCV will in no way hinder the properinstallation and maintenance of the cable using the ducts. Refer to theFigure below for more detail regarding this requirement.

FIGURE 4 CORRECTAND INCORRECT DUCT ENTRY/EXITFROMA UCV

C O M M U N I C A T I O N S


C O R R E C T ( P R E F E R R E D )

I N C O R R E C T


I N C O R R E C T


C O R R E C T ( A C C E P T A B L E )


I N C O R R E C T

4 " C O N D U I T

( T Y P I C A L )

U C V

( T Y P I C A L )


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Other important design considerations for UCVs are:

A UCV shall not be shared between telecommunications and any otherutility (such as electrical). In no instance are joint-use UCVs permissible.

All UCVs should be equipped with provisions for grounding and bonding,struts for racking, pulling eyes, and a sump.

In general, powered devices shall not be installed in UCVs.

Top slabs for UCVs shall be flush with the ground.

Design considerations unique to each type of UCV (manholes andhandholes/pullholes) are discussedbelow.

MANHOLES

Manholes are used for pulling, placing, and splicing cables, and forproviding accessible space for cable maintenance and operationequipment.

Ductbank depth, obstructions, and other utility pathways may necessitateplacement of a manhole below normal depth. If this is the case, the roofof the manhole shall be placed at normal depth and riser extensions shallbe used to increase the depth of the manhole. By doing so, the need for adeep collar (neck) will be eliminated. Additionally, lighting and ventilationcan be maintained at a normal level. If a deep collar is unavoidable andthe depth of the collar will exceed 24 inches, the Designer shall obtainwritten permission from CWU and ensure that the collar is equipped withpermanent galvanized steps (rungs).

Diamond plate hinged or removable covers are not acceptable formanholes.

For reference purposes, a typical manhole size is 5 wide x 8 long x 7high (exterior dimensions). Actual size may be as much as a foot or morelarger in any direction.

HANDHOLES/PULLHOLES

Handholes/pullholes are used to facilitate cable placement in a pathwaysystem. Handholes should not be used in place of manholes or forsplicing cables.

The primary use of a handhole/pullhole is to segment the pathwaysystem. A handhole should be used if it is shown that a manhole is not

required and if one or more of the following conditions exist:

When the bends in a section of duct will exceed 180-degrees(see Ducts, below). When the length of the section of duct will exceed the TIA/EIAstandard maximum length (see Ducts, below).

For reference purposes, a handhole/pullhole is defined to be anunderground cable vault sized 4 wide x 4 long x 4 high (exterior


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE The following discussion ofmanholes and handhole/pullholes isprimarily applicable to New andOverbuild Construction.

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dimensions) or smaller.

DUCTS (CONDUIT)

CWU has standardized on 4 conduits for telecommunications ducts, with thefollowing two exceptions: Ducts containing cables that serve the Blue Light Emergency Telephones

shall be 1 conduit. Ducts containing fiber optic cabling serving the power distribution system

metering equipment shall be 1 conduit.The type of conduit to be used is dependent upon the application as shown inthe following table.

TABLE 3 DUCT TYPESAND USAGE

Conduit Type Usage

Schedule 40 PVC Encased in concrete

Schedule 80 PVC Direct-buried

Rigid GalvanizedSteel

Exposed

PVC Coated Steel Direct-buried, Transitions at buildingentrances

If the design utilizes any existing pathway, the existing ducts must be provenduring design in order to ensure that the selected pathway is clear andserviceable. Proving the ducts prior to construction will not only aid theDesigner in selecting the appropriate pathway for use, it will also minimizeunexpected (and costly) problems or delays during construction. Acceptableproving methods are, in order of preference:

Pushing/pulling a test mandrel through the duct Blowing/pushing/pulling a ball through the duct Pulling on a previously installed pull cord and observing free movement

on both ends. This method does not prove that a duct is adequate for agiven number of cables, however it does suggest that the duct is probablynot completely obstructed.

It is left to the Designer to select the appropriate method for proving a givenduct. The proving method should be selected only after determining thequantity and size of the communications media to be placed in the duct andafter reviewing the condition of the duct in the field.

DUCT LENGTH

The length of each ductbank segment should be as long as possible(without exceeding the TIA/EIA maximum distance, see below) in order tominimize the use of intermediary UCVs, cable splices, and labor duringinstallation of the communications media. In general, longer contiguousducts equate to lower construction costs.


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The maximum duct length (betweenUCVs and/or buildings) permissibleaccording to the TIA/EIA 758 standardis 600 ft. Duct sections exceeding thisdistance will require the installation ofintermediate UCVs.

In addition, as the number of bends ina pathway increases, the maximumlength of the pathway will decrease,due to cable pulling tensionconstraints. Longer runs will thereforetolerate fewer bends. In general, the Designer should base the pathwaysystem design on an initial segment length budget of approximately 300

feet, and designed in as straight a line as possible.

BENDS

The Designer shall ensure that bends consist of a single arc of a

minimum15-foot radius. If a smaller radius is absolutely necessary, theradius shall be no less than 10 times the internal diameter of the duct. Anindividual bend shall not exceed 90 degrees.

Factory manufactured conduit bends should be used wherever possible.The use of 90-degree elbows or condulets (LBs) is not permissible.

In order to minimize the sidewall pressure exerted on cable sheaths atbend points, the Designer should ensure that bends with the most severeradii occur at the beginning (feed end) of a duct section, rather than inthe middle or at the pulling end.

A duct section may have no more thanthe equivalent of two 90-degree bends (atotal of 180 degrees) between pullpoints. The 180-degree maximum shallinclude kicks and offsets. In addition,two 90-degree bends separated by lessthan 10 feet are not permissible. Whereit is not possible to construct a section of duct within the 180-degree bendmaximum, intermediary UCVs must be installed.

DUCT ENTRANCES IN UCVSOR BUILDINGS

Duct entrances in a UCV should be as perpendicular as possible. Wherethis is not possible, the Designer should ensure that the Contractorinstalls a smooth inner radius of grout between the UCV and the conduitbell, as shown in the figure below:


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE This requirement may be waivedat times for New and OverbuildConstruction given the followingconditions: the duct run is straight;the Designer can demonstrate thatthe pulling tension of a typicalcommunications cable making useof the duct will not be exceeded

during installation.

The requirements of TIA/EIA 569-A, Figure C.5-2 should be met whencalculating maximum sectionlengths.

CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE This requirement may be waivedfor Basic Construction. Olderexisting pathway may, at times,exceed this rule. The Designershould note on the ConstructionDocuments where such conditionsexist.

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FIGURE 5 DUCT ENTRANCESINA UCV

Ducts should ideally enter UCV end walls at a point approximately halfwaybetween the floor and the roof. However, where the total number ofducts penetrating a UCV (or building entrance) is significantly less thanthe capacity of the UCV (or building entrance), the ducts should enter atthe lower level in order to ensure that upper space is reserved for futureduct entrances.

The Designer shall ensure that the relative position of a duct (with respectto the side walls) is consistent as it enters and exits a UCV. Additionally,a duct exiting a UCV in a given position should enter the next UCV in thesame relative position.Ducts that enter from a horizontal orientation should immediately off-loadinto a horizontal raceway system.

Concrete encased ducts entering abuilding shall transition to PVC coatedrigid steel using one 10 stick of conduit.

The purpose of the PVC coated rigid steelis to reduce the chance of shear damagedue to settling on either side of the

junction between the ductbank and the building footing. If (in the opinionof a structural engineer) rigid steel is unnecessary, then this requirementcould be waived, following the deviation request process described above.

DUCTBANKS

Ductbank consists of an arrangement of multiple ducts constructed in tiers.Typical ductbank arrangements are 2, 3, and 4 ducts wide by 2, 3, or 4 ductshigh.

CWU has standardized on ductbanks

constructed of PVC conduits encased inconcrete, with full-length reinforcement andformed sides.

In general, direct-buried conduit ductbanks are not permissible, unlessextenuating circumstances warrant. Should the use of direct-buried PVCconduit ductbank be warranted, the Designer should ensure that all PVCbends are encased in concrete.


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE If in some extreme case, CWUallows ductbank to be constructedwithout concrete encasement, thetransition to PVC coated rigid steelshould occur a minimum of 10 prior

to the building.

CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE Ducts used for Blue LightEmergency Telephones are notsubject to this requirement.

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Where ductbank passes under paved surfaces capable of supporting motorvehicle traffic, conduit should transition to PVC coated rigid steel a minimumof 10 outside the footprint of the paved surface.

The quantity of ducts to install within a ductbank will vary greatly dependingupon the application. However, with the increasing migration from copper

cable to fiber optic cable on the CWU campus, it is expected that therequirement for duct space will decrease over time.

In keeping with this expectation and with the recommendations made in theCWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan, typicalductbank configurations are shown below. It should be noted that thesetypical configurations should serve as a guideline only. The quantity of ductsin a duct bank should meet the needs of the application at hand and providefor future expansion capability.

Buildings up to 100,000 sq. ft.: 2 ducts Buildings 100,000 sq. ft. to 300,000 sq. ft.: 4 ducts

Buildings larger than 300,000 sq. ft.: 6 ducts Buildings serving as a Building Cluster Hub: 6 ducts Pathway between Building Cluster Hubs and the Communications Center:

4 ducts

Unless specifically noted above, a typical ductbank will contain four ducts,arranged 2 wide x 2 high.

In general, ductbank used fortelecommunications pathway should not beshared with other utilities. Budgetaryconstraints, space limitations, and various

obstructions can make this difficult to achieve at times. Should sharedductbank be a necessity (rare situations requiring a deviation request), theDesigner should ensure that adequate separation exists between duct usedfor telecommunications and duct used for other utilities. Refer to the tablebelow for minimum separation distances.

TABLE 4 DUCTBANK MINIMUM SEPARATIONS

Structure Minimum Separations5

Power or otherduct

Refer to the latest edition of the NEC/NESC (at the timeof this writing: 3 inches if in concrete, 12 inches if inwell tamped earth)

Pipes (gas, oil,water, etc.)

Refer to the latest edition of the NEC/NESC (at the timeof this writing: 12 inches if parallel, 6 inches if crossing)

Should future circumstances warrant, CWU might desire to convert concrete-encased communications ductbank (not direct-buried ductbank) intoelectrical power ductbank. The Designer should therefore ensure thatcommunications ductbank specifications (conduit spacing, reinforcement,

5 Measured from outside to outside


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE This may not be possible forOverbuild Construction.

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grounding requirements, etc.) conform to NEC requirements for powerductbank.

If building ducts are constructed concurrently with and in the same duct bankwith a main duct run, place building ducts (subsidiary/lateral ducts) on top ofthe ducts for the main run. This is economically advantageous, makes thebuilding ducts more accessible, and affords some top protection for the main

ducts.

Drain slope should exist at all points of the ductbank to allow drainage andprevent the accumulation of water. A drain slope of per foot is desirableif possible. If not possible due to inadequate natural slope or long duct runs,a drain slope of 3 per 100 feet is acceptable. If no other option exists,provide a drain slope by sloping the first half of the ductbank up towards themidpoint, and then down from the midpoint to the end (sometimes referredto as a center crown). Drain slope requirements shall be identified in theContract Documents they shall not be left up to the discretion of theContractor.

Details for a typical four-conduit ductbank (2 wide x 2 high) are shown in thefigure below:


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COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA

The communications industry is now witnessing a convergence oftechnologies. Voice, data, and video are all capable of utilizing the sametype of communications media (i.e. singlemode fiber). Additionally, these

technologies are also beginning to converge into a single technology capableof combining voice, data, and video signals into a common signal transmitteddown a single path.

Accordingly, and as discussed in the CWU Telecommunications PathwayOutside Plant Master Plan, CWU has standardized on singlemode fiber opticmedia as the media of choice for all future, voice, data, and video backbonesystems. Copper media (for voice and various signaling systems) as well asmultimode fiber optic media (for existing data network equipment andvarious building and power metering systems) will continue to be installedand used, but will be used less extensively as time progresses.

As the voice, data, and video systems begin to make use of the singlemodefiber on campus, existing copper and multimode fiber media can beremoved. Additionally, singlemode fiber media is significantly smaller thanthe copper media used on campus. These two factors combined will tend toease the shortage of duct space on campus.

This section defines design considerations for outside plant communicationsmedia (cable and connecting hardware) that are of particular concern toCWU. The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIA standards and theBICSI CO-OSP and TDMM for other and more specific design criteria anddetail.


Following is a list of general items to consider when selecting acommunications media system:

Direct-buried cable and aerial cable should not be used. If extenuatingcircumstances require the use of these cable types, the Designer mustobtain approval from CWU in writing prior to finalizing the ConstructionDocuments.

Fiber optic cable shall not be spliced.The CWU Telecommunications PathwayOutside Plant Master Plan has beendesigned to minimize the amount of fibersplices necessary in the outside plant.

Where cables are to be pulled through UCVs without splicing, the ductselected for cable installation shall be at the same elevation as it entersand exits the UCV. Changes in duct selections, especially in elevations,should be avoided to ensure that no damage occurs to the cable sheathsand that pulling tensions are kept as low as possible.


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE This may not be possible forOverbuild and Basic Construction if

the Designer must make use of theexisting fiber optic outside plantcable.

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Ducts are to be assigned during the course of design, not duringconstruction. Duct assignments must be approved by CWU prior to therelease of Construction Documents.

If a multiple ducts are available for use, the bottom ducts should be usedfirst in order to facilitate future cable placement.

Communications cabling entering a building should be routed so as not toblock or obstruct the planned usage or expansion of any other building

that occupies or will occupy the space. For long cable runs, the longest cable reel lengths obtainable shall be

used. Splices should not be used except where cable reel lengths areexceeded. If splices are used, the Designer should ensure that:1. The cable ends to be spliced have permanent slack loops with

sufficient length that the cable can be removed from the UCV andreach a satisfactory work surface for splice activities.

2. The splice location (UCV or EF) should have enough space for storingslack cable after the splice is completed.

50-foot service loops (cable slack) shall be provided for each end of acable terminating in a building.

Service loops (cable slack) shall be provided for fiber optic cabling that

enters a building in the UCV nearest the building entrance. The length ofcable in the service loop shall be sufficient that if a cable break occursbetween the UCV and the building, sufficient slack cable would beavailable in the UCV to reterminate the fiber optic cabling at the existingpatch panel, without the use of a splice.

Communications backbone cables servingdifferent systems (i.e. voice, data, video)shall be segregated6. Segregation canoccur by using different ducts (the mostdesirable solution), or it may occur byusing separate innerducts within thesame duct.

Duct fill shall conform to the TIA/EIAstandards and the NEC.

For copper media, indoor dry spliceenclosures shall be installed prior toterminating the copper cable on buildingentrance protectors.

Cables are to be tagged (labeled) atlocations near where they enter a UCV from a duct and near where theyenter a duct to leave a UCV.

GROUNDINGAND BONDING

CWU has standardized on considering all locations exposed for grounding,bonding, and electrical protection purposes. Cables with an outer metallicsheath shall be bonded at each UCV. Bond all other cables with dielectriccomponents whenever a splice is made.

6 Segregation is desirable in order to ensure that when maintenance work is performed on a backbone cable

serving a specific system, work on the cable will not disrupt the functionality of the backbone cables servingother systems


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE For New Construction, usedifferent ducts for cables servingdifferent systems. For Overbuildand Basic construction, the use ofinnerduct is an acceptablealternative although inductiveinterference (see below) may be anissue. Sharing of ducts can produceundesirable inductive interference,can damage the facilities bysubjecting the cable to abrasionand tensional stress if the facilitiesare pulled in at different times, andmay present coordination problemsbetween the various tradesinvolved.

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When a splice occurs in a UCV, metallic sheath components in the cable(s)and splice enclosures must be bonded to the UCV grounding system.Additionally, cable shield bond continuity shall be maintained. Bonds shouldbe made with #6 AWG solid copper wire not more than 20 long. If over 20,the conductor must be sized according to NEC requirements.

Cables should be grounded as close to the entrance of the buildings as

possible.

INNERDUCT

The use of innerduct for subducting purposes is strongly encouraged(although it may not be applicable to every situation). CWU has standardizedon three configurations for subducting a 4-inch conduit with innerduct:

Three 1 innerducts Two 1 and one 1 innerduct Four 1 innerducts

It is left to the Designer to select the most appropriate configuration forsubducting based upon the conditions of the duct and the application.Innerduct shall not be filled with cable beyond 50% capacity.

MEDIA TYPES

CWU recognizes three types of communications media for the campusbackbone system:

Category 3 UTP (copper) used for voice, analog signaling, and variousmetering applications

Singlemode Fiber Optic used for data, video, and increasingly, voice

applications 62.5/125 m Multimode Fiber Optic used primarily for data applicationsand various metering applications.

As discussed above, CWU has standardized on singlemode fiber for its voice,data, and video applications. However, copper and multimode fiber mediawill still be in use for some time.

The type and quantity of communications media to install will vary greatlydepending upon the application. In keeping with the recommendations madein the CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan, typicalcommunications media configurations are shown below. It should be noted

that these typical configurations should serve as a guideline only. The typeand quantity of communications media shall be determined on a case-by-case basis by the Designer, ensuring that it meets the needs of theapplication at hand and provides for future expansion capability.

BETWEEN BUILDING CLUSTER HUBSAND BUILDINGS

Singlemode Fiber: 12-Strands (4 Data,4 Video, 4 Spare)


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE Hybrid fiber cable is permitted inResidence Halls only. CWU uses 12SM/12MM hybrid fiber optic cablefor these applications.

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Multimode Fiber: 24-Strands (4 Data, 2 Access Control, 4 Fire Alarm, 2HVAC Control, 2 Power Metering, 10 Spare)

Copper: 25-Pairs

BETWEEN BUILDING CLUSTER HUBSANDTHE COMMUNICATIONS CENTER

Singlemode Fiber: 48-StrandsMultimode Fiber: 24-StrandsCopper: 0-Pairs

BETWEENTHE COMPUTER CENTERANDTHE COMMUNICATIONS CENTER

Singlemode Fiber: 96-StrandsMultimode Fiber: 48-StrandsCopper: 0-Pairs

TERMINATION

Separate fiber patch panels shall beprovided for multimode and singlemode

fiber optic cabling. Fiber optic media shallbe terminated on separate fiber patchpanels depending upon fiber type.

Copper media shall always be terminated on building entrance protectors.

LABELINGAND ADMINISTRATION

It is the responsibility of the Designer to ensure that the ConstructionDocuments clearly define the labeling requirements and that the Contractorproperly labels all outside plant media during construction. Inadequate orincomplete labeling is not acceptable. Refer to the Master Specification

Section 16741 - Outside Plant Communications Circuits for more information.


CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE For Residence Halls served by

hybrid fiber: A single patch panelmay be used to terminate bothtypes of fiber in the hybrid cable separate fiber patch panels are notrequired in this case.

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ENTRANCE FACILITIES

This section defines design considerations for entrance facilities that are ofparticular concern to CWU and specific to the outside plant communicationsdistribution system.

The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIA standards and the BICSI CO-OSP and TDMM for other and more specific design criteria and detail. Inaddition, the Designer is expected to reference the CWU Inside PlantCommunications Distribution Design Guide for more detail regarding thedesign of telecommunications spaces, including entrance facilities andequipment rooms.


Following is a list of general items to consider when designing pathway andcommunications media into a building entrance facility:

In general, a structural engineer should approve all structural changes orpenetrations into a building.

The entrance facility shall not be more than 50 from the actual entranceinto the building. In order to comply with NEC requirements, not morethan 50 of an outside plant cable can be exposed between the entranceconduit stub and the cable termination point. If more than 50 is required,the cable7 must be routed in rigid metallic conduit. Fire-rated tape wrap isnot acceptable.

Ducts entering a building shall transition to PVC coated rigid steel conduita minimum of 10 feet prior to entering the building.

Ducts shall enter the entrance facility parallel to the backboard to be

used. Ducts shall not enter perpendicular to the backboard surface, whichcould cause cables to be bent sharply.

Below grade ducts should extend 4 above finished floor. Building entrance protectors (primary protectors) should be provided for

all OSP copper cables and should support both primary (overvoltage) andsecondary (overcurrent) protection.

GROUNDINGAND BONDING

CWU has standardized on considering all locations exposed for grounding,bonding, and electrical protection purposes.

The ground terminal for building entrance protectors should be bondeddirectly to the electrical power ground.

7Some types of fiber media are now indoor/outdoor rated and are therefore not subject to this

requirement.


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APPENDICES

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

Construction drawings should be thoroughly and accurately marked. Listedbelow are items that should be included on construction drawings, dependentupon the type of project8:

Routing of the pathway system, including ductbanks and UCVs. Physical locations of obstructions, including UCVs, ductbanks, buildings,

roads, poles, existing underground utilities. Duct configurations indicating duct sizes and types between UCVs and

between UCVs and buildings. Duct contents indicating cable assignments. UCV and building cable racking diagrams (elevations) indicating the

positions of all existing and new cables and splice enclosures.

Backboard/entrance facility elevations within buildings. Pair sizes, gauges, and types of copper cables. Strand counts and types of optical fibers. Drain slope requirements Labeling Phasing (if required) Staging

8 Much of the following list was excerpted from RUS Bulletin 1751F-644 Underground Plant Construction


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APPENDICES

APPENDIX 2 BIBLIOGRAPHYAND REFERENCES

AMP, Planning & Installation Guide

BICSI,Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual

BICSI,Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual

CWU, Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan

CWU, Outside Plant Communications Distribution System MasterSpecification

CWU, Premises Communications Distribution System Master Specification

CWU, Premises Communications Distribution Design Guide

IEEE, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), 1997 Edition

NEC, National Electrical Code (NEC), 1999 Edition

OSHA, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1910 - General Industry, and1926 - Construction Industry, et al

RUS, Bulletin 1751F-643 Underground Plant Design, 1998

RUS, Bulletin 1751-644 Underground Plant Construction, 1998

RUS, Bulletin 1751-815 Electrical Protection of Outside Plant, 1998

Siecor, Siecor Standard Recommended Procedures for Installation, 1998

TIA/EIA 758, Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications CablingStandard

TIA/EIA 568A, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard

TIA/EIA 569A, Commercial Building Standards for TelecommunicationsPathways and Spaces

TIA/EIA 606, Administration Standards for the TelecommunicationsInfrastructure of Commercial Buildings

TIA/EIA 607, Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements forTelecommunications