Minority & Riz

8/3/2019 Minority & Riz

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/minority-riz 1/67

The Slovene minority in Italy

and its schools

Some facts and figures

domenica 22 gennaio 12








http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/minority-riz 4/67domenica 22 gennaio 12



The Slovene minorityin Italy












Why did the Slovene population in Trieste decrease so dramatically ?

(Some facts aboutthe past of the town of Trieste…)




Trieste




For over 500 years (from 1382 until 1918)

Trieste was part of the Habsburg Monarchy,

later known as the Austrian Empire (1804-1867)

and Austro-Hungary (from 1867 to 1918).






In between the

19 th and the




In the fin-de-siecle period, Trieste emerged asa cosmopolitan city and an important hub

for literature and music.

Its cultural life was shaped by artists and

philosophers like James Joyce, Italo Svevo,

Sigmund Freud, Dragotin Kette, Ivan

Cankar, Scipio Slataper, Umberto Saba and

others.







At the beginning of the 20th century: Trieste was thelargest Slovene town (56,000 Slovene inhabitants).

At that time the population of Ljubljana, today the

capital city of Slovenia, with its German speakingminority, amounted to 52,000.




Under Austrian rule,

things had never been very good for the Slavic

minorities, though with great efforts, theSlovenes and other Slav groups had built upstrong economic foundations under theAustrian Empire,

with their own banks,

major shipping and industrial companies,

and a network of schools and cooperatives.




However, the collapse of the Austro-

Hungarian Empire in 1918 and

Trieste's annexation to Italy after WW1

led to a decline of its economic and cultural

importance.

Trieste became a peripheral city.




This is the beginning of a harsheconomic period: the town becomespart of a country that does not need

its port, its trade connections withcountries that were not consideredas trading partners. The town getspoorer and poorer.




And then the

Fascists

came to




With the arrival of Italian rule,

things for non-Italian-speaking communitiesbegan to go from bad to worse.

In particular, Mussolini's Fascists made vigorousefforts to squeeze the economic, linguistic and

cultural life out of the 500,000 Slovenes in

areas occupied by the Italians.





After the capitulation of Italy



After the capitulation of Italy

– arrival of the German

troops in town (1943)






Especially when political elections approach…

This is just one of the latest acts of extreme right-wing political vandalism.




Trnovo near Gorizia - Monument to the over 2,300 Slovene

partisans who died during WW2, vandalised in the night between

April 26 and April 27, 2005







Nevertheless, more than sixty years after

WW2 things have, on the whole,somehow improved:

• there’s more cooperation andunderstanding between the twocommunities;

• in 2001 a special law for the protectionof the Slovene minority was issued;

• Slovenia joined the EU;

• the formal border between Italy and




Trst - Trieste

Gorica - Gorizia

Videm - Udine

PaduaVenice Miran Košuta, Slovene language and literature

professor at the University of Trieste

Picture: Kroma




i.e. ZSKD - Zveza slovenskih kulturnihdru š tev – Union of the Slovene cultural

associations:

81 associations in the provinces of

Trst - Trieste, Gorica - Gorizia andVidem - Udine

For ex: Slovene cultural centreSlovenska prosveta

i.e.: ZSŠDI - Zveza slovenskihš portnih dru š tev v Italiji –

Union of the Slovene sportsassociations in Italy:

More than 50 sports andrecreation associations with

7.000 members




• CHOIRS

• ACTING COMPANIES

• DANCE GROUPS

• BANDS

• CONFERENCES

• SCOUTSThe “Balkan – rock” band Kraš ki ov č arji

Slovenska Zamejska Skavtska Organizacija –The Slovene Scouts of Trst - Trieste

The folk group Stu ledi




↓ 2 MUSIC CENTRES► GLASBENA MATICA +

GLASBENI CENTER EMILA KOMELA

SLOVENE RESIDENT THEATRE (SSG) IN TRST -

TRIESTE→(one of the 12 resident theatres in Italy) ► some performances display Italian subtitles!

KINOATELJE →► in Gorica - Gorizia: organises seasons of film

screenings, produces movies, develops researches in

the field of cinema

The film Il mio confine- Mojameja

Picture: www.nostrocine.co.uk

The pianists Beatrice Zonta and Vesna Zuppin

Picture: Kroma

The SSG actors

Picture: Kroma




SLORI – SLOVENE RESEARCH

INSTITUTE - SLOVENSKI

RAZISKOVALNI IN Š TITUT

► social research on Slovenes in

Italy→

←LIBRARY - NARODNA IN

Š TUDIJSKA KNJI Ž NICA

►more than 100.000 books

Picture: Kroma

Archive Slori




1) volleyball2) football

3) basketball

WEBSITE OF THE SLOVENE SPORTS IN ITALY = www.slosport.org




In accordance with law 103/1975 and special conventions, theItalian national TV and radio corporation RAI provides for the

programmes in minority languages.

Picture Kroma

Picture Sergio Ferrari

Illustrated by: Anton Spazzapan

● PRESS: the daily Primorski dnevnik, the

periodicals Novi Matajur, Dom, Novi Glas…

+ magazines (for ex. Isonzo – Soča)

● RADIO (RAI): 12,5 hours per day

● TV (RAI): evening news + variousprogrammes




2 “LEADING ORGANISATIONS”

(= COORDINATING ASSOCIATIONS)

which hold together all the others:the Slovene cultural and economic union

the Confederation of the Slovene associations


•Small and medium size enterprisesThe sectors of interest:

i ll th i lt l



Small and medium size enterprises•Cooperatives•Syndicates

•Bank institutes

THE ECONOMY……economical initiatives

in various sectors

especially the agriculturalone, manufacturers,wholesale and retailtrade, catering and touristservices, transport andvarious cross-border services




CURRENTLY THERE ARE 2 SLOVENES IN THE FRIULI -

VENEZIA GIULIA REGIONAL COUNCIL

Igor Kocjančič Igor Gabrovec

+ mayors, town councillors, trade union leaders

WIDE POLITICAL STRUCTURE► THE SLOVENES VOTE FOR DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES

► THE SLOVENE POLITICAL CANDIDATES REFER TO THE LISTS OF

DIFFERENT PARTIES AMONG WHICH ALSO A SLOVENE ETHNIC PARTY:

the SLOVENE UNION

REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SLOVENES IN THE

ITALIAN PARLIAMENT: Mrs. Tamara Blažina - Senate







On the basis of a decree issued by MariaTheresa in favour of state education in

1774, the first Slovene elementaryschool in the area was opened in

1780 in Servola, now a suburb of

Trieste, then a village outside the town.




By 1869 there were about twenty

Slovene primary schools in theProvinces of Trieste and Gorizia.




In 1913 on what is now Italian territory

the Slovene school structures (state and

private) had reached the followingdimension:







As a result, by 1930 all forms of

Slovene as well as other languageteaching had disappeared.

The only language allowed was Italian...







As a result, by 1930 all forms of

Slovene as well as other languageteaching had disappeared.

The only language allowed was Italian...




After WW2, in 1945, the Allied




In the hard post-war times,

characterised b




After a eriod of fervent activit on the




The school population is changing…

A survey carried out in




In the school year 2001/02

in the largest Slovene secondary

school in Trieste (F.Prešeren)over 40 % of the students came

from mixed-language (Slovene/Italian) families.




On the basis ofa reciprocal agreement with

the Italian minority in former Yugoslavia then

and Slovenia now




A system of year-long refresher and

specialisation courses for Slovene

teachers has been establishedat the University of Ljubljana,







Schools with the Slovene teaching

language in and around Triestearound

500 children attend nursery schools

800 pupils attend elementary schools 390 pupils attend lower secondary schools

550 students attend higher secondary

schools




Schools with the Slovene teaching

Around

470 children attend nursery schools 560 pupils attend elementary schools

270 pupils attend lower secondary schools

300 students attend higher secondaryschools


Nursery and Elementary Schools



y y

total number of pupils: 2.330 total number of classes: 159

on average: 15 pupils per

class

small schools spread all over

the territory

Slovene is the teaching

language


Lower Secondary Schools



Low r S con ary Schoo s

total number ofpupils: 654

total number ofclasses: 42

on average: 16

pupils per class

6 schools in andaround Trieste

(385 pupils)

2 schools in andaround Gorizia

(269 pupils)

Slovene is theteaching language




Higher secondary schools

total number of students: 850

total number of classes: 76 on average: 12 students per class

4 schools in Trieste (550 students)

2 schools in Gorizia (300 students)

Slovene is the teaching language


Higher secondary schools



g y

with the Slovene teaching

language in Trieste

the Scientific and classical lycée “France Prešeren”

(240 students)

the Technical business school “Žiga Zois” (105 students)

the Vocational school “Jožef Stefan” (95 students)

the Social studies lycée “Anton Martin Slomšek”(110 students)


The secondary school



y

- lycée“France Pre š eren” § Founded right after WW2

§ Named after France Pre š eren, the greatest

Slovene poet (1800-1849)§ Three courses of study:§ The classical languages course of study

§

The scientific course of study§ The modern languages course of study
















Thanks for your attention!


Documents

Minority & Riz