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COL Michael EllicottMemphis District, CommanderFebruary 1, 2018
MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES PROJECT
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25 October 2016
AGENDA
• Corps of Engineers Overview• Mississippi River and Tributary Overview• Early Involvement on the Mississippi River• Establishment of the Mississippi River Commission• Great Flood of 1927• Flood Control Act of 1928• Project Design Flood• Mississippi River Levees and Floodwalls• Mississippi River Floodways and Backwater Areas• Mississippi River Channel Improvement• Tributary Improvements• Future Challenges
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CORPS OF ENGINEERS OVERVIEW
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CORPS OF ENGINEERS OVERVIEW
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MEMPHIS DISTRICT AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
600 Miles of Navigation Channel
1,000+ Miles of Federal Levees
400 Dikes
10 Harbors
3 Major Pump Stations
St. Francis Basin
Portions of 6 States
12 Senators
10 Congressmen
MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES OVERVIEW
Comprehensive Flood Control and Navigation Project Protects 36,000 square miles. Worlds Busiest Waterway 11,000 vessels annually 500 million tons of cargo 60% of Nations' grains 380,000 jobs $37 Billion in Revenue $3.8 Billion in Tax Revenue
46 to 1 return on investment
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MR&T: FLOOD CONTROL OVERVIEW
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MR&T: NAVIGATION OVERVIEW
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EARLY INVOLVEMENT ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
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EARLY INVOLVEMENT ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
1717: First levees constructed near New Orleans
1811: First steamboat arrives on the river
1812: Louisiana Purchase, opens westward expansion
1826: Rivers and Harbors Act authorized Federal navigation improvements, assigned to Corps of Engineers
1849: Swampland Acts of 1849 and 1850, gave proceeds for the sale of land to local levee and drainage districts.
1870: Average life of a steamboat is 18 months.
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ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION
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46th Congress, Session I. Ch. 43.1879: An act to provide for the appoint of a Mississippi River Commission for the improvement of said river from the Head of Passes near its mouth to its headwaters.
Sec 4. It shall be the duty of said commission to take into consideration and mature such plan or plans and estimates as will correct, permanently locate, and deepen the channel and protect the banks of the Mississippi River; improve and give safety and ease to the navigation thereof; prevent destructive floods; promote and facilitate commerce, trade, and the postal service ….
GREAT FLOOD OF 1927
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27,000 acres inundated
700,000 people impacted
500 Deaths
Damages = $350 million
FLOOD CONTROL ACT OF 1928
Jadwin Plan Named for then Chief of Engineer, Major General Edgar
Jadwin
Mississippi River and Tributaries Project Authorized
Comprehensive Navigation and Flood Control Project Levees and Floodwalls Floodways and Backwater Areas Channel Improvement and Stabilization Features Tributary Basin Improvements (subsequent Acts)
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PROJECT DESIGN FLOOD
Represents the worst probable scenario.
Based on a series of past multiple storm events and hydrologic modeling.• January 1937• January 1950• February 1938
Project designed to protect against this scenario.
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MISSISSIPPI RIVER LEVEES AND FLOODWALLS
Backbone of the MR&T Project 3,700 miles if levee in
system 2,200 miles of mainline
levee
Design Incorporates soil mechanics and technological advances• Berms• Relief Wells• Trenches
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MISSISSIPPI RIVER LEVEES: AREA PROTECTED
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BACKWATER AREAS AND FLOODWAYS
Plan allows Room for the River
Floodways and Backwater areas provide a “relief valve” during significant flood events
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- Used in 2011 Flood
MISSISSIPPI RIVER CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT
Channel Improvement Program prevents the river from forming new meanders and maintains an adequate depth for navigation.
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Dikes
Revetment
Dredge
CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT: DREDGING
Corps uses dredges to remove “problem spots’ in the navigation channel.
Dredges remove sediment from the channel bottom and deposits it outside the navigation channel.
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CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT: DIKE CONSTRUCTION
Hard points deflect the river current.
River current scours channel bottom, maintaining efficient depth.
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CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT: REVETMENT
Evolved Over Time Willow Mats Asphalt Rock
Articulated Concrete Mat• Regional Effort Mat Casting and Loading Bank Clearing and Snagging Bank Grading Mat Sinking Upper Bank Paving
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MAT CASTING AND LOADING
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CLEARING AND SNAGGING UNIT
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BANK GRADING
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MAT SINKING
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UPPER BANK PAVING
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TRIBUTARY IMPROVEMENTS
Congress amended the MR&T through numerous pieces of legislation.
Each specific piece of legislation provides for project-specific features
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West TN Tribs
St. Francis
Yazoo
Atchafalaya
Red
White
FUTURE CHALLENGES:FUNDING
Funding Declines
Infrastructure Degradation
Backlog of construction and maintenance projects
Modernization of Revetment Program
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FUTURE CHALLENGES: GROUNDWATER DEPLETION
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FUTURE CHALLENGES: WEST TENNESSEE
Channel Degradation Impacts Infrastructure Erodes Channel Banks Downstream Channel
Blockages Environmental Habitat
Increased Development
Post – West TN Tributaries Project
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Population Growth
Erosive Soils
QUESTIONS
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