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ARTESAutomatic Relay Test System

User ManualVersion 3

KoCoS Messtechnik AGSuedring 42D-34497 KorbachPhone +49 (0) 56 31/95 96-0Fax +49 (0) 56 31/95 96-16

E Mail [email protected] www.kocos.com

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2 ARTES

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ARTES 3

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................7

1.1 Installation.................................................................................................................8

1.2 Programme start.........................................................................................................91.2.1 Software version and licence information .......................................................................... 9

1.3 Programme interface.................................................................................................101.3.1 View........................................................................................................................... 10

2 FUNDAMENTALS........................................................................................................12

2.1 General settings .......................................................................................................122.1.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 122.1.2 Defaults...................................................................................................................... 132.1.3 Display ....................................................................................................................... 132.1.4 Monitoring................................................................................................................... 13

2.2 Test system settings .................................................................................................142.2.1 Configuring the binary inputs ........................................................................................ 152.2.2 Setting the supply voltage for the current amplifiers......................................................... 152.2.3 Configuring the analog outputs ...................................................................................... 16

2.3 Establishing a connection to the test system ................................................................182.3.1 Operating the auxiliary supply ....................................................................................... 192.3.2 Firmware Manager ....................................................................................................... 192.3.3 Calibration .................................................................................................................. 21

3 TEST OBJECT...............................................................................................................25

3.1 Managing test objects................................................................................................263.1.1 New ........................................................................................................................... 263.1.2 Save .......................................................................................................................... 263.1.3 Open.......................................................................................................................... 263.1.4 Save as template......................................................................................................... 263.1.5 Synchronise ................................................................................................................ 26

3.2 Global settings .........................................................................................................283.2.1 General settings .......................................................................................................... 283.2.2 Tripping/signalling contacts........................................................................................... 30

3.3 Overcurrent protection settings ..................................................................................323.3.1 General settings .......................................................................................................... 323.3.2 Characteristic .............................................................................................................. 34

3.4 Distance protection settings .......................................................................................363.4.1 General settings .......................................................................................................... 363.4.2 Characteristic .............................................................................................................. 393.4.3 Network...................................................................................................................... 45

3.5 Differential protection settings....................................................................................463.5.1 General settings .......................................................................................................... 463.5.2 Parameters ................................................................................................................. 483.5.3 Transformer data......................................................................................................... 51

3.6 Synchronisation device settings..................................................................................523.6.1 Synchronising window .................................................................................................. 523.6.2 Generator model.......................................................................................................... 533.6.3 Test configuration........................................................................................................ 53

3.7 Transducer settings...................................................................................................53

3.8 Test plan .................................................................................................................53

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4 ARTES

4 TEST MONITORS.........................................................................................................57

4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................574.1.1 Start triggers ...............................................................................................................59

4.1.2 Relay sequences...........................................................................................................594.1.3 Displays.......................................................................................................................61

4.2 VD-Monitor ..............................................................................................................614.2.1 Static test mode ...........................................................................................................624.2.2 Dynamic test mode.......................................................................................................64

4.3 IT-Monitor................................................................................................................684.3.1 Manual ........................................................................................................................704.3.2 Series..........................................................................................................................714.3.3 Sequence.....................................................................................................................734.3.4 ARC ............................................................................................................................764.3.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................76

4.4 IMP-Monitor .............................................................................................................77

4.4.1 Manual ........................................................................................................................814.4.2 Series..........................................................................................................................824.4.3 Sequence.....................................................................................................................844.4.4 ARC ............................................................................................................................874.4.5 Settings.......................................................................................................................87

4.5 DIFF-Monitor............................................................................................................884.5.1 Manual ........................................................................................................................904.5.2 Series..........................................................................................................................914.5.3 Sequence.....................................................................................................................934.5.4 Settings.......................................................................................................................96

4.6 The SYNC-Monitor.....................................................................................................964.6.1 The SYNC-Monitor interface............................................................................................964.6.2 Test ............................................................................................................................974.6.3 Settings.....................................................................................................................1004.6.4 Evaluation of results....................................................................................................100

4.7 TRANSIG-Monitor.................................................................................................... 1014.7.1 The interface of the TRANSIG-Monitor ...........................................................................1014.7.2 Graphical display ........................................................................................................1024.7.3 Generating Signals......................................................................................................1034.7.4 Configuring Channel Positions.......................................................................................104

4.8 Signal Editor .......................................................................................................... 1054.8.1 The Signal Editor interface ...........................................................................................1064.8.2 The Fundamental Oscillation.........................................................................................1074.8.3 Configuring Time Windows...........................................................................................1084.8.4 Adding and deleting time windows ................................................................................1084.8.5 Superimposed Functions ..............................................................................................1094.8.6 Adding superimposed functions ....................................................................................1104.8.7 Exponential functions ..................................................................................................1104.8.8 Ramp ........................................................................................................................1134.8.9 Sine ..........................................................................................................................1154.8.10 Steady state component ..............................................................................................1184.8.11 Harmonics .................................................................................................................1194.8.12 Impulse function.........................................................................................................121

5 USER MANAGER.......................................................................................................123

5.1 The user interface...................................................................................................1245.1.1 Grouping ...................................................................................................................125

5.2 Groups .................................................................................................................. 1265.2.1 Creating groups..........................................................................................................1265.2.2 Editing groups ............................................................................................................1265.2.3 Delete .......................................................................................................................1275.2.4 Guest rights ...............................................................................................................127

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ARTES 5

5.3 Users .................................................................................................................... 1275.3.1 Creating users............................................................................................................1275.3.2 Editing users ..............................................................................................................1285.3.3 Deleting users ............................................................................................................128

5.3.4 Locking and unlocking accounts ....................................................................................1295.3.5 Administrator rights ....................................................................................................1295.3.6 Changing passwords....................................................................................................129

5.4 Options.................................................................................................................. 130

5.5 Compatibility..........................................................................................................131

6 LICENCING...............................................................................................................132

6.1 Check licence ......................................................................................................... 132

6.2 Registration and unlocking....................................................................................... 133

6.3 Transferring the licence to another computer ............................................................. 134

6.4 Saving licencing data...............................................................................................135

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6 ARTES

Copyright 2003 by KoCoS Metechnik AG. All rights reserved. Doc. 7210088 - Rev. 1.10.

No part of this manual may be reproduced or processed, duplicated or distributed using electronic systems in any form

(print, photocopy, microfilm or other method) without the prior written consent of KoCoS Metechnik AG.

KoCoS Metechnik AG is not liable for damage resulting from misuse, nor for repairs and alterations made byunauthorized third parties. This manual has been produced with great care. However, KoCoS Metechnik AG does not

accept liability for errors due to negligence.

Note: all the product names which appear in this manual are brands of the companies concerned.

Even if a trademark symbol ( or ) is not given, it does not necessarily follow that a term used in this manual is not a

brand name.

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ARTES INTRODUCTION 7

1 IntroductionApart from an ON/OFF switch, no operating elements are located on the actual test systems ofthe ARTES range. The test systems are all operated and controlled via the ARTES operating

software using a standard PC. This user manual describes the operating software. Informationregarding the test system itself, the hardware and how to connect a test object can be found inthe operating instructions.

The software has been developed as a 32 bit Windows application and as such offers youcleanly designed user interfaces as well as a wide variety of other advantages such as theability to open several dialogue boxes at the same time. The functions for copying and

inserting objects are also available in the form you are familiar with from other Windowsapplications.Basic knowledge of the Windows operating system is a prerequisite for working with theARTES software. Typical Windows functions are not dealt with in this user manual.

The NRG-Explorer, which is to be found in all KoCoS applications, is at your disposal for the

management of any data organized in the form of directories, sub-directories and files. TheARTES software uses the NRG-Explorer to create, display and organize all kinds of objects,

such as test objects and test results, as well as test object templates and test plans. All thedata and all hierarchical levels are displayed in a tree-like structure which is similar to the

structure of the Windows Explorer. A separate description of the NRG-Explorer is included

with this manual.

Various software modules, known as test monitors, are available for configuring and runningtests as well as evaluating test results. Generally speaking, the VD-Monitor is capable ofmeeting all test requirements. This test monitor enables you to test any protection relay by

setting the generator values manually. In addition, output signals can be ramp-ascending or descending (linear or stepped) within a specified range.

The ARTES software also offers you a range of convenient test monitors which have been

specially developed for testing various protection functions. Using these test monitorssimplifies, automates and significantly reduces the time required to carry out tests on various

relays (overcurrent relays, distance protection relays, etc.). The modular structure of theARTES software makes it a simple matter to extend your software with additional test monitors

at any time.

Devices to be tested are generally referred to as test objects, both in the software and in this

manual. This term is used uniformly throughout the user interface.

Important information, warnings, cross-references and examples in this manual are highlightedby the following symbols for the sake of clarity:

MWarning:It is essential that instructions preceded by this symbol are followed carefully.

G

Example:

This symbol indicates that an example is being used to clarify a point.

Cross-reference:Supplementary information regarding the current point can be found here.

.Tip:Tips preceded by this symbol often facilitate operation of the test system.

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8 INSTALLATION ARTES

1.1 Installation

ARTES is delivered as a software package accompanied by a user manual in Adobe Acrobat

PDF format and various sample files. To open the user manual you will need the Adobe

Acrobat

Reader. This and all the other components are available in German and English onthe CD ROM included in the delivery.

The following table shows in which directory of the CD ROM the individual components can be

found. To execute the files, use a file management programme such as the Windows Explorer,for example, or start the programme directly via the text box in the Run dialogue window ofyour Windows operating system. In the latter case the entire path must be entered in front ofthe file name.

.As all installation CDs are created specifically for individual customers, individual CDs may

not contain all the components listed in the table below.

Component Directory Installation

ARTES test software [CD ROM Drive]:\Setup SETUP.EXE

ARTES software update [CD ROM Drive]:\Patch Execute existingEXE file

ARTES manual, variouslanguages

[CD ROM Drive]:\Language No

Additional documents,various languages

[CD ROM Drive]:\Doc No

ACROBAT Reader, variouslanguages

[CD ROM Drive]:\Acrobat Reader 5(language abbreviation)

Double-click theexisting file

Service pack 6a forWindows NT 4.0, variouslanguages

[CD ROM Drive]:\WinNT4 SP6a (languageabbreviation)

Double-click theexisting file

.Note that the service pack for Windows NT 4.0 and the ARTES software update should onlybe installed manually if the installation programme issues explicit instructions to this effect.

In order to operate your ARTES II test set you must first install the ARTES test software. To do

so, proceed as follows:

1 Insert the ARTES CD in the drive.

2 Close all other Windows

applications.

.The installation procedure for the ARTES test software starts automatically as soon as the CDROM is inserted in the drive, providing this is permitted by the Windows system in use.This procedure can be repeated at any time by executing the SETUP.EXE file. This isnecessary if the existing installation is to be extended or reconfigured.

3 Start the SETUP.EXE file.

4 Once the setup has started, you will be asked to select the language used in theinstallation programme.

5 Follow the instructions on the screen for each individual step of the installation and carryout all the steps consecutively.

6 After the installation you may be asked to restart your computer.

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1.2 Programme start

During the standard installation procedure an ARTES programme folder is created on your PC

in the programme folder of your Windows start menu. This folder contains the following

programmes: ARTES, User Manager and Report Designer. Choosing ARTES starts the ARTEStest software. Choosing User Manager starts the programme for creating users and definingtheir rights. Choosing Report Designer starts the global KoCoS tool for creating and editing

test report templates as regards variables, content and layout.

To start the ARTES software, click the menu item ARTES. The operating programme has beendesigned to give only selected people access to certain programme functions. For this reasonyou are asked to enter your user name during programme start up.

If no changes have yet been made in the User Manager, the

name "Guest" is displayed automatically. You can accept thisname as it will give you access to all user rights for the timebeing.

.You will automatically be registered as a guest user if you enter an incorrect user name, ifyou fail to enter one at all, or if you enter an incorrect password after programme start.

Immediately after installing ARTES you should therefore cancel all those functions open tothe user "Guest" and not intended to be available to all test system users in order to preventunauthorized persons from gaining access to all system functions.

No password has been defined for the user "Guest". If apassword has been issued to a user, the dialogue box for

entering the password appears after the user name has beenentered. Enter the relevant password in the box provided andconfirm your entry by choosing OK. A detailed description ofthe User Manager can be found in chapter User Manageron

page 123.

1.2.1 Software version and licence information

You will need to know the version number of the ARTES.EXE programme file if you require

technical support. During programme start or during registration a window is shown in thebackground displaying licence information and the version numbers of the software.

You can call up this information again at any time. To do so, choose the Info about ARTESmenu item from the ? menu.

System information

The next window to appear on the screen displays the version number of the ARTES.EXE

programme file beneath the name of the programme. The licence information is locateddirectly beneath the heading Licensed to. This information usually includes your name or thename of your company and the licence or serial number of the software.

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10 PROGRAMME INTERFACE ARTES

1.3 Programme interface

After programme start, the user interface of the ARTES software appears on the screen.

ARTES programme interface

The programme name and the name of the current test object appear in the title bar at theupper edge of the application window. The menu bar and the standard tool bar are located

beneath the title bar. Some menu commands can be executed directly via the buttons in thistool bar. When you position the mouse cursor on a button, a short description of its functionwill pop up in the form of a ToolTip.

The status bar along the lower edge of the window is divided into several sections. On the far

right-hand side the status of the connection between PC and test system is displayed.Immediately adjacently to this, the message Parallel will appear if the current amplifiers havebeen configured for parallel operation (see chapter Parallel operation of current amplifiersonpage 17).

1.3.1 View

The Binary Inputs, Binary Outputs and Device Panel items in the View menu enable you

to display or hide various "docker" windows. These windows contain the status displays for thebinary inputs and the binary outputs and information regarding the current test object. To hideor display these windows use the mouse to click the relevant menu item.

After installation of the ARTES software, all the windows are docked at the left-hand edge ofthe user interface. Each docker window can be removed from its initial position and positioned

freely on the screen or can be docked horizontally or vertically at another point on theworkspace. The docker windows can be moved by clicking the title bar of the window andkeeping the left-hand mouse button pressed as you drag the window to its new position. If notitle bar is shown, it can be displayed with the aid of the context menu. Choose the Show

Caption menu item.

To call up the context menu, use the right-hand mouse button to click thesurface of the docker window. The Docked Windows item enables you to dockor release the window. If you choose the Close item the window concerned isno longer shown.

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In addition to the name of the device and the serial number, the TestObject docker window also displays information regarding the location ofthe current test object. In addition, this window contains the test object

tool bar complete with various buttons. The commands of the Test

Object menu can be carried out directly via these buttons. If you positionthe mouse pointer on one of these buttons you will be given a briefindication of its function.

When the docker window is closed, the Test Plan and Results Management buttons from

the test object tool bar automatically appear in the standard tool bar.

The status of the binary measured quantities is displayed in the BinaryInputs docker window. Here too, the status of the measured binary

signals is displayed via icons:

Status of the binary measured quantity LOW

Status of the binary measured quantity HIGH

The status of the relay outputs of the test instrument is shown in theBinary Outputs dockerwindow. You can operate the relay outputsmanually by clicking the relevant icon. The current status is indicated bythe icon displayed:

Relay contact open

Relay contact closed.

Once you have activated the docker windows you need and have positioned them according toyour requirements, you can save this view permanently. To do so, choose the Save View

command from the View menu. The next time the programme is started, the screen view youhave saved will automatically be restored.

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12 GENERAL SETTINGS ARTES

2 Fundamentals

2.1 General settingsA number of basic settings for the ARTES software can be made on the tabs of the GeneralSettings dialogue box. They include, for example, the programme language, the interface tothe test system, default settings for test objects and various display options.

To open the dialogue box, choose General Settings from the Settings menu. All the changesmade on these tabs take immediate effect when you close the dialogue box by clicking the OKbutton. It is not necessary to restart the ARTES software.

2.1.1 General

The Language list box on the General tab lists all the available languages. Each language isrepresented by three characters (GER = "German" for the German version of the programme,

ENG = "English", etc.). To define the language required, select the relevant item from the list

box.

General Settings: General

The connection or data transmission between the PC and ARTES is made via one of the serial

interfaces of your PC. Select the interface of the PC to which ARTES is connected in the COMport list box.

The NRG-Explorer is used by the ARTES software to create, display and organize test objects

and test results. After the initial installation, the following default entry is displayed in the Testobject path box:

[Drive]:\...\ARTES\DATA\PLANTS\

The NRG-Explorer accesses the directory set there for the purposes of data management and

displays all objects in a tree-like structure under this directory.You can change the Test object path if you wish. To do so, click the button next to the entryfor the current path. A directory selection box then appears in which you can select anotherpath, e.g. on one of your network drives.

In addition to test objects and test results, the test software can also manage test plans and

test object templates. The files concerned are automatically filed in directories under theARTES root directory. It is often desirable to file and save them centrally on a network serveror other storage medium. The ARTES software provides you with a special synchronisationdialogue box for this purpose. See also chapter Synchroniseon page 26. In this dialogue box,the paths for Test objects, Test plans and Test object templates given under the heading

Synchronisation paths are used as the default setting. To avoid having to edit these pathseach time the synchronisation dialogue box is called up, you can edit them here as described

above for the device path.

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ARTES FUNDAMENTALS 13

2.1.2 Defaults

The programme creates a new test object each time the programme is started as well aswhenever the New Test Object item is selected from the File menu. The default values given

on the Defaults tab are used as the default settings for the rated and limit values of the

current, voltage and frequency. You can set these values so that they are suitable for themajority of your test objects.

General Settings: Defaults

For more detailed information regarding the rated and limit values of a test object, consultchapter Test objecton page 25.

2.1.3 Display

The terms indicated on the Display tab are used in the software to designate the individual

phases of a three-phase system. As the nomenclature used for such systems varies (L1/L2/L3,R/S/T, A/B/C, etc.) you can edit the terms here in accordance with your requirements.

General Settings: Display

To change the term used for an individual phase, simply select the item required from the list

box concerned. If the name you require is not included on the list, you can also enter it directlyin the box concerned.

2.1.4 Monitoring

The output quantities of the current and voltage amplifiers are monitored by the test system

during tests (internal measurement). If they do not correspond to the desired values whichhave been set or calculated, then specific warnings can be issued. These warning messagesappear in the status bar and may also be accompanied by an audio signal.

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14 TEST SYSTEM SETTINGS ARTES

.In the case of test objects with high input burdens, such as electromechanical relays, for

example, the output currents can be distorted even if the maximum supply voltage of thecurrent amplifiers has been set (see chapter Setting the supply voltage for the currentamplifierson page 15). However, these distortions are usually so slight that they do not

influence tests. In such cases it may be desirable to suppress the warning messages.

On the Monitoring tab you can define whether visual and audio warnings are to be generated

during tests.

General Settings: Monitoring

To switch on the visual display of warning messages, activate the Show warning message instatus bar check box. Once the visual display of warnings has been selected, the Createaudio warning check box can also be activated. You do not need to have a sound card in yourPC for the audio signal as it is issued by the PC's internal loudspeaker. After initial installation

the default setting is for both functions to be activated.

2.2 Test system settings

The operating mode or the function of the test set can be adjusted in line with a variety ofdifferent requirements connected with the test object. The configuration of the analog outputs

or binary inputs may, for example, require editing.

The necessary settings can be made in the Test System Settings dialogue box which is calledup by choosing the Test System item from the Settings menu.

Test System Settings: General

If the system is in ONLINE mode while the test system settings are being edited, the title bar

displays the type of test instrument currently connected and its serial number.

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2.2.1 Configuring the binary inputs

The binary signals are captured by the test system with a resolution of 125 sec. Relay contactbounce on the part of the device under test can make the exact determination of operating

times extremely difficult. However, the test system settings give you the opportunity to define

a period of time during which further binary signal changes are ignored immediately after themeasurement of the first flank. Signal changes during this time (debounce time) are filteredout by the test system.

The Debounce Time can be set in the Binary Inputs group of the General tab. The timeentered here is valid for all binary inputs. In practice the default value of 15 ms has proved

sensible for many protection devices.

The binary channels of the ARTES test systems are arranged in groups, each of which containsfour channels. The points of reference (neutrals) of the binary inputs of a group are directlyconnected to each other within the test instrument.

.The number of binary inputs depends on the test system being used. ARTES 110 II andARTES 220 II test systems both have one group of binary inputs while ARTES 300 II and

ARTES 330 II systems have two and ARTES 440 II systems have three. The user interface ofthe programme only displays those groups which the test system concerned actually has.

All groups can be used for connecting either wet or dry contacts. Special universal inputs allowthe connection of wet contacts of 18 to 300 VDC. Therefore, a trigger threshold need not beset.

MWhen connecting a test object it is important to note that the reference points (neutrals) of

the wet binary inputs of a group are directly connected to one another within the testinstrument.

The Potential of the binary inputs of a group can also be set in the Binary Inputs group,

using option buttons.

.

The settings made here concern the potential of the binary inputs of the test system. Whenconnecting the dry contacts of a test object, the relevant binary inputs must therefore bewet. When connecting wet contacts, the binary inputs must be defined as dry accordingly.

Voltage is not applied to binary inputs which have been defined as wet until the test begins.For reasons of safety the inputs concerned are automatically switched to dry once a test hasbeen completed.

2.2.2 Setting the supply voltage for the current amplifiers

In the ARTES 220 II, ARTES 330 II and ARTES 440 I/II test systems the current amplifiers and

their power supply have been dimensioned in such a way as to be able to supply a high output

power even at low output currents. This is particularly necessary in the case of relays with highburden loads, such as electro-mechanical relays. For example, in order to apply a test currentof 2A to a protection relay with a burden of 30 VA, a compliance voltage of at least 15 Vrms isnecessary at the amplifier output. The necessary or maximum available output voltage Uout ofthe amplifiers is directly dependent on the power supply voltage UPSU of the current amplifiersand can be calculated approximately as shown below:

For the test systems listed above, the Supply Voltage of the Current Amplifiers can be setwithin the range of 4 VDC to 30 VDC on the General tab, using the arrow buttons provided.

The current amplifiers can thus provide an output voltage of up to 20 Vrms.

When testing digital protection relays, a supply voltage of approximately 7 VDC is usuallysufficient. According to the equation above, a maximum amplifier output voltage ofapproximately 3 Vrms is thus possible.

VU

U PSUout 22

=

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16 TEST SYSTEM SETTINGS ARTES

.

When setting the supply voltage, you should take care not to set it much higher thannecessary as most of the supply voltage would otherwise go directly to the heat sink of theamplifiers. This would result in an increase in heat loss and lead to additional thermal stress

of the amplifiers. The consequence could be an aborted test as a result of overheating orexceeding the maximum permissible power loss, in which case the programme would displaya message to that effect.

The value of the supply voltage set here is saved permanently in the parameter file of the testobject. Therefore, this setting must only be made once for each test object.

2.2.3 Configuring the analog outputs

All ARTES test instruments have 16 independent analog outputs. These are low-level signal

outputs with an output voltage of 0 to 10 Vpk which are all assigned to the Ext. Amp. or LS

Out socket located on the front panel of the test instrument. The low-level signals are alsoused to control the internal voltage and current amplifiers. However, they may also be used tocontrol external amplifiers or to test protection devices with low-level signal inputs. TheAnalog Outputs tab is used for making the necessary configuration.

Test System Settings: Analog Outputs, 1-10 of 16

All the available analog outputs and amplifiers of your test system are listed here in table form.The illustration shows the configuration of an ARTES 440 II as an example. The first column ofthe table lists all the low-level signals as channel numbers. The second column displays the

amplifier outputs of the test instrument. The number of voltage and current amplifiers listedhere depends on the type of test instrument currently in use. The configuration shows that thefirst 10 low-level signals are assigned to the internal amplifiers. This allocation is pre-definedby the internal wiring of the test instrument.

Scroll further down the list to display low-level signal outputs 10-16.

The default setting is for these channels to be switched off. You can switch them on and off byselecting the name of the relevant output or by selecting the entry OFF once again to switchoff. You can also switch each individual amplifier on and off in the same manner.

.All deactivated outputs are not available in the test monitors and are therefore not availablefor tests. In the VD-Monitor, for example, only those channels are displayed whose outputsare activated. This results in improved clarity.

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If the internal amplifiers of the test instrument are notrequired, then the low-level signals for controlling them canalso be used for other functions. However, in order to do so,

you must first switch off all voltage and/or all current amplifiers using the radio buttons locatedbelow the table. The low-level signal output thus made available is then displayed in the tablefor the amplifier output.

The output value of the amplifier or low-level signal outputs is indicated in the Output Value

column. The value given here is the r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal output signal. Thus an output

value of 7.071 Vrms results for the low-level signal outputs with a voltage of 10 Vpk.

Protection relays with low-level signal inputs are not operated with conventional voltage andcurrent transformers but rather with ohmic voltage dividers and Rogowski coils, for example.For both voltage and current measurements, a voltage of only a few volts is available as

secondary value or measured quantity for the protection relay input.

When you work with an ARTES system, the low-level signal outputs can be used for thispurpose. In order to do this, you must indicate in the Test Statistics column whether therespective low-level signal output is to simulate a current or a voltage in the programme. The

name to be displayed in the programme for the low-level signal output can be entered in theDescription column.

Settings for the operation of an external amplifier are made in a similar way. The voltage of alow-level signal output may, for example, be used to control an external current amplifier

whose output quantity is to be applied to the device under test. In order for this output toappear in the programme as a current output with the required name then the Test Statistics

column must be set to "current" and the required name (e.g. I1) must be entered in theDescription column.

Whether you are carrying out direct tests with low-level signals or controlling an externalamplifier, entering the correct transformation ratio is of the utmost importance. That is, the

ratio of the output value of the analog output of the test instrument in relation to the testquantity set in the programme.

Even if you are using the internal amplifiers, it may be necessary to adjust the transformation

ratio. This would be the case if, for example, you connect the amplifier output to an additionaltransformer whose output signal is then applied to the device under test.

The transformation ratio is displayed in the Output Value/Test Value column. To adjust avalue displayed in this column, select the entry which is to be edited and then click the buttonwhich appears in the column cell concerned following selection.

A dialogue box then appears in which the transformation ratio can be

entered. On the left-hand side of the dialogue box you will find the textboxes for entering the output value of the analog output, while on theright-hand side you can enter the relevant test quantity for the

transformation ratio desired. With the values shown in the illustration above, the setting of 100

A in the relevant test monitor would result in an output voltage of 1 VAC for the low-level

signal output concerned.

In addition to the values for the amplitude you can also set a phase relationship. As anexample, this is necessary if you are simulating the behaviour of a Rogowski coil which createsa phase displacement of up to 90 relative to the primary quantity.

The Max. Test Val. column displays the greatest possible value which can be set in the

programme for the analog output concerned. The value shown here results from the outputvalue and the transformation ratio which has been set.

The Colour column displays the colours in which the analog outputs are shown in the graphicaldisplays of the test monitors. You can change the colours in the colour dialogue box. Call up

this dialogue box by double-clicking the colour to be changed.

Parallel operation of current amplifiers

The current amplifiers of the ARTES 220 II, ARTES 330 II and ARTES 440 II test systems can

deliver a maximum test current of 25 A per channel. If greater test currents are required theamplifier outputs of these test systems can also be operated in parallel.

With all the test systems mentioned above, single phase tests with a maximum test current of

75 A / 600 VA are possible. For this purpose the amplifier outputs of I1, I2 and I3 should bewired in parallel.

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18 ESTABLISHING A CONNECTION TO THE TEST SYSTEM ARTES

To use this mode of operation, activate thefunction via the I1|I2|I3 option button on theAnalog Outputs tab. The test monitors will

then display only the test current I1 which, however, now can now accept a value of 75 A. In

this mode of operation the current amplifiers I2 and I3 are automatically controlled by theprogramme and in the case of the ARTES 440 II outputs I4, I5 and I6 are switched off. On thestatus bar, the parallel operation mode is indicated by the display of the message PARALLEL.

.You can connect suitable shorting jumpers directly to the sockets of the front panel for

parallel wiring. To keep power losses resulting from the connection between the test system

and the device under test to a minimum, it is best to take a separate connecting line fromeach output to the device under test and then connect them in parallel directly at theterminal of the device under test.

With six current channels, the ARTES 440 II supports three-phase tests with a maximum testcurrent of 3 x 50 A. In this case, three pairs of outputs should be wired in parallel: I1 and I4,I2 and I5 as well as I3 and I6.

To activate this mode of operation you mustchoose the I1|I4, I2|I5, I3|I6 option button.Channels I4, I5 and I6 are hidden in the test

monitors and are controlled automatically by the programme during tests. Here too you should

take a separate connecting line from each output to the device under test and connect therespective amplifier pairs in parallel at the terminals of the device under test.

The current amplifiers of the first generation of ARTES 440 test systems can also be operatedin parallel. Although this does not result in a higher test current, parallel operation does have

some advantages, especially in the case of loads with high burdens and considerable inductive

content. The benefits result from the considerable reduction in heat loss in the amplifiers asthe necessary test current is shared between two amplifiers. If the supply voltage of thecurrent amplifiers is set very high and a high test current is required, an aborted test mayoccur as a result of too much heat loss. If three current outputs are sufficient you shouldswitch to parallel operation.

.The ARTES 440 test system of the first generation has current amplifiers with a maximum

output current of 16 A per channel. Parallel operation of the current amplifiers does notresult in an increase in the maximum test current.

2.3 Establishing a connection to the test system

Immediately after programme start the system is in OFFLINE mode. This means that there is

no connection to or communication with the test system.

.Communication between the PC and the test system takes place via the serial interface of

your PC. Before you switch to the ONLINE mode, the connection between the PC and the testsystem must be in place and the test system must be switched on.

Choose the System ONLINE button from the tool bar to establish a connection to the test

system.Choose the System OFFLINE button to interrupt the connection and return to the OFFLINEmode.

The button shown as having been pressed indicates the current status of the connection.

The connection status is also indicated by the icon situated at the far right-hand side of thestatus bar. The connection can also be established or interrupted by clicking this icon.

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2.3.1 Operating the auxiliary supply

Standard ARTES 440 II and ARTES 330 II test systems have an internal DC supply. Theauxiliary supply can be used for supplying the test object, for example and can be provided by

the DC Aux. sockets on the front panel of the test instrument. The range of the supply is from

12 to 260 VDC.

.The device configuration of the connected test instrument is read out while the connection

between the PC and the test instrument is being established. If the test system being usedhas an auxiliary supply, the operating elements necessary for controlling the supply aredisplayed on the tool bar.

By clicking the ON/OFF buttons, it is possible to switch the auxiliary supplyon and off. The current status is indicated by the button which is displayed

as having been pressed. The value of the voltage can be reduced or increased using the arrowbuttons.

.The value of the output voltage can only be changed when the supply is switched off. Thesupply itself can only be switched on if your test system is in ONLINE mode. When youswitch to OFFLINE mode the auxiliary supply is automatically switched off.

The value configured for the auxiliary supply is saved with the settings of a test object. Whenyou open a test object or load its settings this value is automatically set. However, the supply

is switched off in the process if the system is in ONLINE mode at the time. This avoids damageto any test objects which might be connected at the time.

2.3.2 Firmware Manager

KoCoS measuring and test systems are modular in design and are all based on the same

hardware platform. Depending on the function of the individual hardware components, their

internal processes are monitored and controlled by means of programmable chips situated onthe component concerned. The special operating software of these chips is known as firmware.

At a basic level we differentiate between two different types of programmable hardwarecomponents:

n Processor units (ABI): ABIs can carry out a number of tasks simultaneously such as thecoordination of all internal components and processes, the storage, organisation and

evaluation of measured data or the communication with PCs connected externally, forexample. Their function is defined almost entirely via the firmware.

n I/O coupling modules (AMOD, BMOD, AOM etc.): in addition to signal splitting and

conditioning, these components serve to prepare or pre-process measured data and outputsignals. Their function is defined almost entirely by the hardware. The firmware onlydefines the type or degree of data processing. Programmable I/O coupling modules relievethe processor modules during time-critical tasks.

The firmware is permanently and reliably stored on special, non-volatile memory chips.

Subsequent installation of a new version of the firmware (firmware update) makes it a simple

matter to extend the functions or improve the performance of your test set at a later date.

Once the operating software package has been installed, the firmware modules stored in thetest set are also saved in the following directory in the form of binary files:

[Drive]\...\ARTES\Config\Patch\Firmware

An ongoing process of development and optimisation results in constant improvements to thefunctionality of the products of the ARTES range. A firmware update is a very simple way ofproviding you with the very latest range of functions.

As soon as you establish a connection between the test instrument and the connected PC, an

automatic comparison is made of the version of the firmware stored on your PC and theversion of the firmware in your test instrument. For this reason, new firmware files must becopied to the directory specified above. If the version of the firmware on your PC is more up-

to-date than the version in the test instrument, this is automatically recognised and theFirmware Manager dialogue box then opens in the test software. This dialogue box enables

you to transfer and compare the firmware modules of the PC and test instrument.

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.

The Firmware Manager dialogue box only opens automatically if the Show dialog next

start check box located in this dialogue box is activated. Deactivating this default setting isusually only sensible if you work with various PCs. For the sake of clarity, it is sensible toalways carry out firmware updates from the same PC. Deactivate the function on all other

PCs accordingly.Deactivating the Show dialog next start check box does not mean that the version check isno longer carried out but that the Firmware Manager is not automatically called up.

In addition the Firmware Manager can be run manually at any time. To do so, chooseFirmware Manager from the Options menu. This is necessary if, for example, exactinformation regarding the firmware in use is required for technical support.

The Firmware Manager displays the firmware modules on the PC and in the test instrument in

table form.

Firmware Manager

The Target column lists the hardware component (and its internal address) for which the

firmware module concerned is used. The status of the modules in the test instrument isindicated by circular status displays in different colours and by the use of different font colours.The possible statuses of the firmware modules are listed in the table below:

Colour Check box Status of the firmware in the test set Upload

Red Activated Older than the version on the PC Possible

Green Deactivated Newer than the version on the PC Not possible

Grey Deactivated Identical to the version on the PC Not possible

Blue Deactivated Non-traceable (firmware module was notfound on the PC)

Not possible

The check box in front of the status display indicates whether or not an upload or update of the

firmware module concerned can be carried out.

.During a firmware update, only those modules are transferred for which the check box is

activated.

The number of the processor unit which carries out the firmware update of the moduleconcerned is listed in the ABI column. The information given in the Application column tellsyou whether the firmware module concerned is an application-specific module (ARTES) or a

global module (MAIN). The Version column displays the version number of the firmwaremodules in the test instrument. The version number of the firmware modules stored on the PCis given in the Available column. The date of the last firmware update is shown in the Uploaddate column. The name of the operator who carried out the update is given in the Uploadedby column.

The Upload button starts the firmware update for those modules for which the check box in

the table is activated.

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M

No test objects may be connected to the test instrument during a firmware update. Remove

all connections to the terminals of the test instrument (except for the RS 232 cable to thePC) before starting an upload. The test instrument may not be switched off during an upload.For correct functionality, it is necessary to reinitialise the system after a firmware update. To

do so, switch off the test instrument after a firmware update and switch on again afterapproximately 10 s.

2.3.3 Calibration

A change in the amplification and/or offset of the current and voltage amplifiers or low level

signal outputs may take place over time as the components of the test instrument age.

.As is also the case for other precision measuring devices, regular calibration is necessary toensure that the test set functions correctly. We recommend that the test system becalibrated once a year.

The ARTES II test instruments have been designed to enable users to carry out the calibrationthemselves. This avoids periods of unavailability while the test instrument is sent off to ourfactory or to one of our branches or agencies.

The calibration of the test instrument is software-controlled. All calibration parameters orcorrection factors are calculated automatically and permanently saved in the test instrument ina fail-safe flash RAM. There is no need to open the test instrument and make adjustmentsusing potentiometers, as all signals are generated synthetically.

.Please note that the accuracy of the calibration is dependent on the measuring instruments

that are used. If the necessary measuring instruments are not available, you should sendyour test instrument away for calibration.

Measuring instruments for direct and alternating voltage as well as for direct and alternatingcurrent are required for calibration. Using these instruments, the various output signals(nominal values) are measured at the current and voltage outputs of the test instrument. Thenominal values are set and displayed automatically by the programme in accordance with the

system configuration.

You may carry out the calibration of the amplifiers and the calibration of the low level signaloutputs separately from one another. The entire calibration can include either individuallyselected outputs or all amplifiers or low level signal outputs. The calibration of an analogoutput always includes an amplitude calibration and an offset calibration of the output

concerned.

The System Calibration dialogue boxis provided for the purposes of calibration. To call upthis dialogue box, choose Calibration from the Options menu. The dialogue box provides anindividual, separate tab for the amplifier outputs and for the low level signal outputs.

.The procedure for calibrating amplifier and low level signal outputs is the same. A description

of how to calibrate the current and voltage amplifiers is given below by way of example.

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System Calibration: Amplifiers, during amplitude calibration

Calibration of the selected amplifiers is carried out sequentially. The amplitude of the outputconcerned is always calibrated first, followed by the offset. During calibration, information

specifying the status and the amplifier output which is currently activated is given in thebottom section of the dialogue box.

To calibrate your test instrument, carry out the steps listed below making sure you follow theinstructions displayed in the status bar of the System Calibration dialogue box.

1 Connect the reference measuring instrument to the output of the amplifier to becalibrated, once it has been activated.

2 Measure the reference value (actual value) at the pre-defined amplitude (nominal value)and enter this value in the Act. Value text box.

3 Choose the Continue button.

4 Measure the DC offset and enter it in the Act. Value text box.

5 Choose the Continue button. The test system automatically switches to the nextamplifier.

6 Repeat steps 1 to 5 for all further outputs.

Once the selected amplifiers have been calibrated, choose the OK button. The dialogue box isthen closed and all the new calibration parameters and correction factors are transferred to the

test instrument and saved there in the flash RAM.

MThe test instrument must be rebooted after calibration. The new calibration parameters donot come into effect until the test instrument has been rebooted. To do so, switch off the testinstrument and switch it on again after approximately 20 s.

Phase Calibration

The difference in the circuit design of the current and voltage amplifiers can result in a minor

difference in the operating times. This difference may lead to a phase difference between theoutput currents and voltages. This difference between the operating times can be fully

compensated for by means of a phase correction.

.Precise phase correction is an integral part of the works calibration which every testinstrument is subjected to. It is therefore not usually necessary to carry out a subsequent

phase correction..

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If a phase difference between the current and voltage amplifiers should subsequently developit can be compensated for at any time by means of calibration.

To do this, enter the value of the phase difference (notforgetting the plus or minus sign) in the Phase Correction

text box located on the Amplifiers tab. Please note that the phase correction will not takeeffect until the dialogue box has been closed and the test instrument rebooted.

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ARTES TEST OBJECT 25

3 Test objectIn accordance with the data concept of the ARTES software, all the technical parameters of adevice to be tested, the test plan and test results are combined to form a test object. All the

files for a test object are saved within the directory system on the hard disk of the user. TheNRG-Explorer makes it easy to manage test objects and with them all the various directories.

The current section of the manual will first explain how to create and save a test object andhow to create a template. A template enables you to start with the same basic frameworkwhenever creating new test objects. This is particularly sensible if you wish to test a largenumber of protective devices of the same type, for example. In this case you would create a

template containing all the general settings and all the specific settings for the protectionfunctions, many of which are used in the respective test monitors. When you then create anew test object on the basis of this template, you need only enter the parameters pertaining tothe specific location before the test. This makes it possible to standardize tests carried out byvarious test teams. Simply make the template available to each team in file form. In the test

plan, tests using various test monitors can be combined to form a clearly structured test

configuration which can then be run automatically by the test system.

In addition, this section of the manual explains the significance of boththe general settings and the specific settings for the various protection

functions. A separate window exists for entering the settings for eachprotection function. To make it easy to switch between these windows,

simply display the Test Object docker window. This window contains a link to each of thefollowing windows: Global Settings, Distance Protection Settings, Overcurrent

Protection Settings and Differential Protection Settings. You can also access the Test

Plan und Result Display windows from here. To open the Test Object docker window,activate the Display Panel entry in the View menu.

This button which is located in the Test Object docker window opens the Global Settingswindow. The function of this button corresponds to that of the similarly named entry in theTest Object menu.

This button which is located in the Test Object docker window opens the OvercurrentProtection Settings window. The function of this button corresponds to that of the similarlynamed entry in the Test Object menu.

This button which is located in the Test Object docker window opens the DistanceProtection Settings window. The function of this button corresponds to that of the similarlynamed entry in the Test Object menu.

This button which is located in the Test Object docker window opens the DifferentialProtection Settings window. The function of this button corresponds to that of the similarlynamed entry in the Test Object menu.

This button which is located in the Test Object docker window opens the SynchronisationDevice Settings window. The function of this button corresponds to that of the similarly

named entry in the Test Object menu.

This button which is located in the Test Object docker window opens the TransducerSettings window. The function of this button corresponds to that of the similarly named

entry in the Test Object menu.

This button opens the Test Plan window in which test plans can be defined or edited. The

function of this button corresponds to that of the similarly named entry in the Test Objectmenu.

This button opens the Result Display window in which the results of individual tests can be

displayed in a clearly structured form. The function of this button corresponds to that of thesimilarly named entry in the Test Object menu.

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26 MANAGING TEST OBJECTS ARTES

3.1 Managing test objects

This section deals with the creation of new test objects, as well as describing how to open,save or delete existing test objects. The significance of templates will also be explained in thisconnection. The synchronisation function makes effective comparison of data within a testteam possible.

3.1.1 New

New test objects can be created either with or without a template. To create a new test object,

choose the New Test Object entry from the File menu or click the relevant icon on thestandard tool bar.

Click this button to create a new test object.

A message then appears asking whether the new test object is to becreated on the basis of an existing template. Choose No to close themessage box and return to the user interface of the ARTES software.

The title bar then reads New Test Object. In this case, all the settingsrequired for the test must be made manually. However, if a template isrequired, the NRG-Explorer appears and can be used to select a sensible

template for your test purposes. This usually means that parameters have already beenentered in the Global Settings window and in the dialogue boxes for the relevant protection

function. These parameters need only be modified to suit your requirements.

3.1.2 Save

To save a test object during or after editing, choose Save Test Object or Save Test Object

As from the File menu. These commands correspond exactly to standard Windows practice.Once you have chosen the Save Test Object command, or once you have chosen Save TestObject As the first time after creating a new test object, use the NRG-Explorer to give the

new test object a name.

3.1.3 Open

To open an existing test object, either choose the Open Test Object command from the

File menu or click the button of the same name located on the standard tool bar. Then use theNRG-Explorer to select the object.

Use this button to open a test object.

3.1.4 Save as template

ARTES enables you to save any opened test object as a template. To do so, choose Save Test

Object As Template... from the File menu. Use the NRG-Explorer to save the current test

object as a template.

Test object templates can be deleted and copied or renamed as often as required. To do so,open the NRG-Explorer by choosing Template Management from the File menu.

3.1.5 Synchronise

When working in a test team, it is imperative that all team members can access the same

data. This requires central storage and data management. The ARTES software has a

convenient synchronisation and management function which is especially suited to this

purpose. This function enables individual users to file test results in a central synchronisationdirectory, for example. This directory can also be used to document or save all the data for atest object comprehensively or to make configured templates available to all users. In additionto test objects and templates, global test plans can also be synchronised.

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The relay data mentioned above is filed in a Windows directory structure. The individuallevels of the hierarchy are not only displayed using traditional directory icons, but may alsohave icons which are specifically relevant to relay test technology. This display concept means

that test objects can be identified at a glance, by arranging them according to location, for

example. An additional advantage of the hierarchical structure is that selective access controlcan be exercised by the network administrator in a Windows network.

. The synchronisation function can also be used as a simple data back-up mechanism.

In addition to comparing data, it is also possible to edit the objects on the individual levels in

the synchronisation directory as well as in the standard directory on your local PC.

The functions mentioned above are available in the Synchronise window which can be openedby choosing Synchronise from the File menu. Different modes exist for editing test objects,templates and test plans separately.

Synchronise

The buttons on the vertical tool bar are used to switch between the different synchronisationmodes. The button which is activated shows the current mode. The two windows which displaythe directory structure of the local directory and of the synchronisation directory are locatednext to the buttons. When the window is opened, the default setting is the synchronisation

mode for test objects.

The standard paths for both the synchronisation and the local directory structures aredefined in the General Settings window which is called up by choosing General Settingsfrom the Settings menu. For more information, consult the section titled General settings on

page 12.

The default paths for the current mode are displayed in full above the two windows. It is

possible to change the paths temporarily. To do so, use the right-hand mouse button to clickthe uppermost directory level and choose Change Rootpath from the context menu which

appears. Alternatively, simply double-click the path details. A standard directory selectiondialogue box then appears. Use this dialogue box to define the path required and confirm withOK.

The display area of the two windows can be altered by moving the central barwhich separates them. Fixed values for the relative size can also be set by usingthe right-hand mouse button to click on the central bar and then choosing one ofthe entries displayed in the context menu which subsequently appears.

The organisational principle for the local and synchronisation directories and resulting editingoptions are almost identical to those of the NRG-Explorer. New objects can be created,

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28 GLOBAL SETTINGS ARTES

individual objects can be renamed or deleted, for example. In addition, the context menu givesfull access to the following functions: Cut, Copy, and Paste. Individual objects can be copiedor moved within or between the two windows by dragging them while keeping the left-hand

mouse button pressed. Note that the CTRL key must be pressed at the same time in order to

copy during this process.

.The organisational principle of the contents displayed in the windows corresponds exactly tothat of the NRG-Explorer, its functionality also being available to a limited extent. A detaileddescription of this KoCoS tool is provided in the form of a separate manual.

The existing tree structure within which the relevant object is embedded is taken into accountduring synchronising between the local and synchronisation directories This is not the case

when copying. To synchronise, first select an object in the source directory and then choose

either the Copy to synchronisation directory button or the Copy to local directory button.

Use this button to copy the object, including the directory structure, to the given

synchronisation directory.

Use this button to copy the object, including the directory structure, to the given localdirectory.

In the case of test objects, templates or test plans, the buttons also copy the entire directorystructure above the level concerned to the target directory. If a complete directory level iscopied, all subordinate objects, including test objects, for example, are copied as well. If

identical directory levels already exist in the synchronisation target, the software automaticallydetects the correct levels for all objects. If an object already exists in the target directory, amessage appears asking whether the files belonging to the object are to be replaced. In somecases, an object may consist of several files. In this case the user is asked to answer

separately for each individual file.

3.2 Global settings

The global settings of a test object include parameters necessary for the test which are to beentered for all relay types, whatever their protection function. To define the global settings,

open the relevant window by clicking the Global Settings link in the Test Object dockerwindow or the corresponding item in the Test Object menu.

The Global Settings window contains the General Settings and Tripping/SignallingContacts tabs.

3.2.1 General settings

Not only descriptive information which can later be included in the test report is entered on the

General Settings tab, important rated and limit values are also defined here.

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Global Settings: General Settings

The information to be entered regarding the protective device includes the name and type ofthe device and the manufacturer as well as the serial number and device address. This usually

refers to the address of the protective device as defined by the control centre.

More detailed information regarding the location of the protective device can be entered in thetext boxes of the Location group. These details are used for documentation purposes as well.There are text boxes for the substation and its address and for the name and address of thefeeder on which the protective device is located. Depending on the protection function, enter

the line section to be monitored or the name of the transformer to be protected in the Prot.Object text box, for example.

.The information given in the text boxes of the Location group is used for display purposesonly both on the user interface and in test reports. This information should on no account beconfused with the information contained within the structure of the NRG-Explorer.

The programme requires the global entry of rated values for pre-set entries in a number of

text boxes in the test monitors. The rated voltage can be entered either as a star or deltavoltage. Only one of the two boxes need be filled in. The other value is calculatedautomatically.

Enter the rated value for the star voltage in this text box.

Enter the rated value for the delta voltage in this text box.

Enter the value for the rated current of the protective device to be tested in the Current textbox. The Frequency box should be used to enter the rated frequency. The corresponding unit

is displayed to the right of the text boxes.

The limit values of the protective device are entered in the text boxes of the Limit Valuesgroup. Proceed in the same way as for the entry of the rated values. The same entryconditions are valid for the text boxes of this group as for those of the Rated Values group.

MTo prevent test objects being destroyed, output test quantities never exceed the limit values

entered here, regardless of the values set in the test monitors.

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30 GLOBAL SETTINGS ARTES

3.2.2 Tripping/signalling contacts

The Tripping/signalling contacts tab is primarily used to define which binary inputs are to

be used for the acquisition of tripping times. Short and full names are to be given for eachinput.

As well as the time reference for the zero point for time measurement, one or more trippingcontacts which define the end of the measurement are specified here. If several trippingcontacts have been defined for one fault type, the Logical integration buttons (AND or OR)at the bottom of the tab may be used to link them logically.

A table for entering the parameters is located on the Tripping/signalling contacts tab. Each

line contains the settings for one binary channel. Between 4 and 12 binary channels areavailable, depending on the specific test instrument of the ARTES II range being used.

Global settings: Tripping/signalling contacts

The Test System column lists the binary inputs available for your test instrument.

The signals of all binary inputs are always measured during a test. However, for the sake ofclarity it is sensible to display only active or selected inputs. Use the check boxes in theadjacent column to activate the respective binary channel for display in the test monitors. Inaddition, the current state for each activated binary input can be viewed in the Binary Inputsdocker window on the user interface of the ARTES software.

In this column, the binary channel concerned can be activated for display in the testmonitors and in the Binary Inputs docker window.

The boxes in the column headed Contact Name are used to allocate a name to the respectivebinary inputs. To do so, double-click the corresponding box and then enter the name desired.

Short names are allocated in the column headed Short. The full contact name can be amaximum of 24 characters in length, the short name can be a maximum of 8 characters in

length.

.

The short name is primarily used for labelling graphs. The full contact name appears in tablesand reports. Similar names make it easier to identify which individual curves in the graphcorrespond to the names which appear in the report.

Depending on the view, either the full contact name or the short name can be used for statusdisplay in the Binary Inputs docker window.

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The start and end point of the time measurement must be entered for the determination of thetripping time of a relay. The ARTES software defines both points in time by means of thechange in the status of a specific binary input. Usually the binary contact to which the relay

contact for pick-up or fault begin is connected is used as the reference time. Select this input

in the ReferenceTime list box.On this tab, the end of the time measurement can be defined by the change in the status ofone or more binary inputs to which the tripping contacts of the protective device areconnected. Tripping contacts are marked by activating the Tripping check box in the Contact

column. If several tripping contacts are connected for the same fault type, they can be linkedlogically by activating either the AND or the ORoption button located below the table. If theAND option button is activated, timing ends when all the contacts connected for this fault typehave tripped. If the ORoption button is activated, it suffices if just one of the connectedcontacts trips.

MThe AND and ORoptions only have an effect on those tripping contacts for which the same

fault type has been defined. More information on the allocation of fault types is given furtheron in this section of the manual.

For each tripping contact it is possible to define whether the change in status is to beregistered for a rising or falling flank. To switch between these two options, use the buttons in

the Flank column.

If this symbol is displayed on the button, the rising flank is registered for the change in

status for the tripping contact concerned.

If this symbol is displayed on the button, the falling flank is registered for the change instatus for the tripping contact concerned.

In the right-hand section of the table it is possible to allocate the relevant fault type to thetripping contacts. To this effect, the table contains a separate column for all kinds of single-pole, two-pole and three-pole faults and each column contains a check box. An activated checkbox can be identified by the presence of red tick. If a contact is to trip for all fault types, all thecheck boxes in the relevant line of the table are to be activated. If a connected tripping contact

is intended for all single-pole faults, then the check boxes in the columns headed L1-E, L2-Eand L3-E should be activated.

Example:A protection relay has one tripping contact for one-pole faults, one for two-pole faults and tworelay contacts for three-pole faults. When determining the tripping period, both contacts

should have tripped as the condition for three-pole faults. The start of contact timedetermination is the general trip. All status changes should be registered with a rising flank.The settings on the Tripping/signalling contacts tab should be entered as shown below forthe conditions described above:

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Overcurrent Protection Settings: General Settings

For tests which are to involve the directional element of an overcurrent protective device, firstactivate this type of test by activating the Active check box in the Directional control group.

Test with directional control is then already activated as a default setting in the IT-Monitor.

This group also contains further type-specific relay properties which are significant for this typeof test.

The directional line is of decisive importance for directional control. It is composed of two lineelements, the orientation of which can be altered independently of one another within the

second and fourth quadrants. To do so, edit the text box for the relevant quadrant.It is also necessary to know the method of earthing (grounding) for the current transformer onsite. Activate the Line side option button or the Busbar side option button.

To test the functioning of the directional element of an overcurrent protection relay, it is

necessary to know the phase angles between the currents and voltages should a fault occur.The total fault angle is composed of the fault angle given in the Fault angle box and the anglewhich results from voltage collapse in the case of a fault. Therefore, for the assessment ofdirectional control it is necessary to enter the percentage to which the rated voltage given in

the Fault voltage box is to collapse. Enter this factor separately for single-, two- and three-

pole faults in the correspondingly labelled boxes.

The software performs a nominal/actual value comparison with the times defined in thetripping characteristic for the evaluation of measured tripping times. The result, or a test point,is evaluated negatively if the difference between the two times is greater than the maximumpermissible deviation. This maximum deviation can be entered in the two text boxes labelled

Time delay (rel./abs.) located in the Evaluation group, either as a percentage of thereference value (from the tripping characteristic) or as an absolute tolerance in seconds.

.The evaluation of a test point always refers to the maximum possible deviation which iscalculated from either the absolute or percentage deviation. If only one of the two tolerances

is to be used for evaluation purposes, enter the value 0 in the other box.

Entering a percentage time tolerance results in a tolerance band around the tripping

characteristics. To display this tolerance band in the form of broken lines in the graph of the

IT-Monitor, activate the Tolerance band visible check box.

At test start, the test quantities calculated for the fault are output directly by the test system.However, a pre-fault time may be entered in the Pre-fault text box. This is necessary if

protective devices which are supplied by current transformers are to be brought back toconstant rated operating conditions before each test point defined in the test monitor, forexample. The rated values given in the Global Settings window are automatically entered asdefault settings for the pre-fault current and voltage text boxes.

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34 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION SETTINGS ARTES

In other cases it may be necessary to define a post-fault time. The post-fault time and therespective currents and voltages are entered in a similar way to those for the pre-fault time.

.Definition of a post-fault time will be possible in a later version of the ARTES software.

Output of test quantities is automatically stopped when the condition for the tripping contacts

defined in the Global Settings window has been fulfilled. However, a time can be entered inthe Max-fault text box independently of this and at the end of this time the test will always bestopped. This time results from the multiplication of the factor to be entered here with thetripping time defined in the tripping characteristic. This is particularly useful if tripping does not

occur for the fault current selected, e.g. if the protective device is defective. If the currents lie

beneath the response threshold, no tripping times can be determined. In this case, enter themaximum tripping time directly in seconds in the box labelled I/Ip and t> text boxes to define the position of the DT tripping

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characteristic. All the other items in the list boxes are IDMT characteristics. A number of othertext boxes are arranged in the area beneath the Type list box and contain the parameters ofthe selected IDMT characteristic. The mathematical significance of the individual quantities can

be inferred from the formula displayed in the white box to the right. This formula shows the

dependency of the tripping time t on the current I and is universally valid for all IDMTcharacteristics, Ip being the plug setting.

.Note that the plug setting Ip is not given as an absolute value in amperes but as a multiple ofthe rated current.

The exponent p indicates the strength of the time-current dependency. Overcurrent relays are

usually classified according to the numerical value. k and the other quantities B, C, D and E are

characteristic relay constants.

In addition to the DT/IDMT behaviour, the high sets can also be activated and configured inthe templates. Each of the two high sets can be switched on or off using the Active check box.Activated high sets are immediately visible in the diagram. The boxes labelled I>> and I>>>

are used to move the respective start point along the current axis.

.Note that here too current values are not given as absolute values but as multipliers of therated current and that the diagram is scaled in multiples of Ip . If a factor of 5 is entered fora high set and the rated current is 1 A while Ip is 0.5, then this high set begins at I/Ip=10.

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Mn Artes 3.50 Eng