MOA-II 1.8m望遠鏡の現状と将来

MOA-II 1.8m望遠鏡の現状と将来

住 貴宏　（大阪大学）

MOA collaboration

住 貴宏　（大阪大学）

MOA collaboration

1,Galactic Dark Matter (LMC & SMC)

2,Galactic structure (the Bulge)

3,Exoplanets (the Bulge)

4, GRB

5, Guest Obervation

Gravitational MicrolensingGravitational MicrolensingGravitational MicrolensingGravitational Microlensing starstar

observerobserver lenslens

distortion of space due to gravity distortion of space due to gravity

100100arcsec.arcsec. If a lens is a star, elongation of images is an order of 100arcsecarcsec.

Just see a star magnified

MOA (since 1995)

（ Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics ）（ New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude ： 44S, Alt: 1029m ）

MOA (since 1995)

（ Microlensing Observation in Astrophysics ）（ New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory, Latitude ： 44S, Alt: 1029m ）

1995~1998:MOA-0:0.6m,MOA-cam1(9Mpix)

1999~2005:MOA-I:0.6m,MOA-cam2(24Mpix)

2005~ :MOA-II:1.8m,MOA-cam3(80Mpix)

1995~1998:MOA-0:0.6m,MOA-cam1(9Mpix)

1999~2005:MOA-I:0.6m,MOA-cam2(24Mpix)

2005~ :MOA-II:1.8m,MOA-cam3(80Mpix)

MOA-II1.8m telescope（ New Zealand/Mt. John Observatory at NZ, 44S ）

Mirror : 1.8m (F=2.91)CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (MOA-cam3) FOV : 2.2 deg.2

Mirror : 1.8m (F=2.91)CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (MOA-cam3) FOV : 2.2 deg.2

First lightFirst light ：： 3/20053/2005Survey startSurvey start ：　：　 4/20064/2006

MOA-cam3CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (10 E2V CCD4482)

Pixel size: 0.58 arcsec/pix (15μm) FOV : 2.2 deg.2

Read out : 32 sec

CCD : 8k x 10k pix. (10 E2V CCD4482)

Pixel size: 0.58 arcsec/pix (15μm) FOV : 2.2 deg.2

Read out : 32 sec

MOA-II filterMOA-II filter

Observation by MOAObservation by MOA

•50 deg.2(50Mstars)

1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))

•1obs./95min.(Mjup)

1obs./47min. (Mnep)

1obs./15min. (M)

•50 deg.2(50Mstars)

1obs./night.(>M1obs./night.(>MJupJup))

•1obs./95min.(Mjup)

1obs./47min. (Mnep)

1obs./15min. (M)600600events (2010)events (2010)

http://www.massey.ac.nz/~iabond/alert/alert.html

G.C.

Real-time Anomaly check at Mt.JohnReal-time Anomaly check at Mt.JohnThe planet found

on 11/9/2009

anomalyanomaly

10 events with timescale tE< ２ days10 events with timescale tE< ２ days

tE=1.2days ~Jupiter mass

1day

€

tE =RE (M,D)

v t~ M /MJ day

M ： lens massMJ: Jupiter massD ： distancevt: velocity

timescaletimescale ：：

４７４ events in 2 years

~ ２０ days for stars

Timescale tE distributionTimescale tE distribution

Sumi et al. 2011, Nature, 473, 7347, 349-352

474events

Planetary-massobjects

Known objects

Black hole

Neutron star

White dwarf

Main sequence

Brown dwarf

€

N planet =1.8−0.8+1.7Nstar

M planet =1.1−0.6+1.2MJ

abundance :~1.8 as common as starsMass ： 〜 Jupiter mass

Observational time&Operation rateObservational time&Operation rate

Operation rate = observation time / night time ≒ clear time

BulgeBulge

ゲスト観測３２時間（２０１０−２０１１）

ゲスト観測（松岡氏、名大）UKIDSS 赤外カタログフィールドを MOA-wideRed で

観測5 分 x 347 = 32 時間　（２０１０−２０１１夏）• High z QSO 探査　ー＞宇宙再電離• L, T 型褐色矮星探査

各赤方偏移にあるクエーサーの放射に対する銀河間空間透過率

様々な天体の二色図 (Y-J vs. I-Y) 。

将来計画

• Option A: カメラアップグレード• Option B: アフリカ、南米に新望遠鏡

• WFIRST 衛星 (2020~)

MOA-cam4 planMOA-cam4 plan• FOV 7~10 deg.2

• Pixel size ~0.5 arcsec/pix• Fully depleted CCD

• ~256M pixels (32x2kx4kCCD)= 7.04deg2

• ~320M pixels (40x2kx4kCCD)= 8.8deg2

• ~384M pixels (48x2kx4kCCD)=10.56deg2

• FOV 7~10 deg.2

• Pixel size ~0.5 arcsec/pix• Fully depleted CCD

• ~256M pixels (32x2kx4kCCD)= 7.04deg2

• ~320M pixels (40x2kx4kCCD)= 8.8deg2

• ~384M pixels (48x2kx4kCCD)=10.56deg2

2011

240mm

343mm

現在

現在 計画 観測効率

CCD 読み出し時間

32sec 16sec 1.14 倍 (60 秒露出時 )

量子効率（ fully depleted CCD ）

長波長感度高い

1.40 倍 (Red-band)

CCD( 視野 )

10 枚(2.2 平方度 )

32 枚(7.0 平方度 )

3.20 倍

合計 5.10 倍

Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)

• GRB 追観測用光学望遠鏡と連携　　（ナミビア or アルゼンチン）

The WFIRST Microlensing The WFIRST Microlensing Exoplanet Survey: Exoplanet Survey:

Recommended by ASTRO 2010 Recommended by ASTRO 2010 Decadal reportDecadal report

WFIRST

Kepler Kepler vs. WFIRSTWFIRST

Figures from B. MacIntosh of the ExoPlanet Task Force Figures from B. MacIntosh of the ExoPlanet Task Force

WFIRST – w/ extended mission

Complete the census of planetary systems in the Galaxy

WFIRST’s Predicted Discoveries

~3000 exoplanets~300 sub Earth-mass Planets,>25 habitable planets（ 0.5-10 MEarh 、 0.72-2.0 AU ） around FGK stars

~3000 exoplanets~300 sub Earth-mass Planets,>25 habitable planets（ 0.5-10 MEarh 、 0.72-2.0 AU ） around FGK stars

~2000 FFP ！~190 sub Eath-mass FFP!(>30 Earth-mass FFP ！ )

Free-floating rocky planets may have liquid water, Stevenson (1999)