Upload
vodiep
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
dDOÕúPD�%HOJHVL
78(1$ � 7�UNL\H 8OXVDO (QIRUPDV\RQ $OW\DSÕVÕ 3URMH 2ILVL
$WDW�UN %XOYDUÕ ���� .DYDNO ÕGHUH� ����� $QNDUD7HO� ������������ �������� )DNV� �����������
2FDN������
02%ø/�.20h1ø.$6<21�6ø67(0/(5ø
(1)250$6<21�9(�ø/(7øùø0�7(.12/2-ø/(5ø
02%ø/�.20h1ø.$6<21�6ø67(0/(5ø
%(/*ø1�%2/$72ö/8
.DVÕP�����
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 1
ødø1'(.ø/(5
*ø5øù..................................................................................................................................................... 3
,�+h&5(6(/ 02%ø/ 7(/()21 6ø67(0/(5ø............................................................................. 5,���$1$/2* +h&5(6(/ 02%ø/ 7(/()21 6ø67(0/(5ø �7$%/2���...................................... 5
I.1.1.AMPS..................................................................................................................... ............................5I.1.2.TACS..................................................................................................................... .............................6I.1.3.NMT-450.................................................................................................................. ..........................7
,���6$<,6$/ +h&5(6(/ 02%ø/ 7(/()21 6ø67(0/(5ø �7$%/2����...................................... 8,�����,6��� .8=(< $0(5ø.$ 6$<,6$/ +h&5(6(/ 6ø67(0ø ..........................................................8,�����,6��� .8=(< $0(5ø.$ 6$<,6$/ +h&5(6(/ 6ø67(0ø ..........................................................9
1.2.2.A.CDMA Nedir ? ............................................................................................................. ...........10������%�&'0$ 7HNQRORMLVLQLQ )D\GDODUÕ .............................................................................................12,�����&�+�FUH 7HNUDU .XOODQÕPÕ............................................................................................................141.2.2.D.Spread Spektrum......................................................................................................... .............15,�����(�&'0$ .DQDOODUÕ ......................................................................................................................15,�����)� .DSDVLWH\L (WNLOH\HQ 'L÷HU (WNHQOHU ........................................................................................17
I.2.2.F.1.Ses Aktivite Tespiti ................................................................................................... ........17I.2.2.F.2.CDMA Güç Kontrolü ...................................................................................................... ..17
I.2.2.G. CDMA Ses Kalitesi ........................................................................................................ .........18,�����+� &'0$ 2UWDN +DYD øQWHUIH\VL 6WDQGDUWODUÕ ..............................................................................20
I.2.3.GSM-GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS .................................................20,�����$�*60 ù(%(.( <$3,6, ...........................................................................................................21
,�����$���02%ø/ ø67$6<21 �06� ................................................................................................21,�����$���%$= ø67$6<21 $/7 6ø67(0ø �%66� ..........................................................................22,�����$���ù(%(.( 9( 6$175$/ $/76ø67(0ø �166� ...............................................................24,�����$���øù/(7ø0 $/7 6ø67(0ø �266� .......................................................................................28
,�����%�*60¶ø1 $1$/2* 6ø67(0/(5( *g5( $9$17$-/$5, ..................................................29,�����%���6$<,6$/ .$/ø7(...........................................................................................................29,�����%���<h.6(. .$3$6ø7( ......................................................................................................29,�����%���%ø5/(ù7ø5ø/0øù 6(6 9( '$7$ ..................................................................................29,�����%���8/86/$5$5$6, 6(5%(67 '2/$ù,0 ........................................................................30,�����%���*(1øù 6(59ø6 <(/3$=(6ø ..........................................................................................31,�����%���*$5$17ø� *h9(1/ø. ..................................................................................................33,�����%���$d,. 6ø67(0..................................................................................................................34
I.2.4.DCS 1800-DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM 1800.........................................................................34,�����$�'&6 ���� ø/( *60 $5$6,1'$.ø )$5./$5 ...................................................................35I.2.4.B. NEDEN DCS 1800 ? :......................................................................................................... ....37I.2.4.C.DCS 1800�ÜN UYGULAMA ALANLARI .............................................................................38
I.2.5.PDC-PERSONAL DIGITAL CELLULAR ......................................................................................38,,� .$%/268= 7(/()21 6ø67(0/(5ø...................................................................................... 39,,��� $1$/2* .$%/268= 7(/()21 6ø67(0/(5ø.................................................................. 39,,��� 6$<,6$/ .$%/268= 7(/()21 6ø67(0/(5ø �7$%/2����............................................... 39
I.............................................................................................................................. ...................................39II.2.2. DECT-DIGITAL EUROPEAN CORDLESS TELEPHONE.........................................................41II.2.3. PHS-PERSONAL HANDY PHONE SYSTEM ............................................................................44
,,,�0(6$- �d$ö5,� 6ø67(0/(5ø................................................................................................. 45III.1.POCSAG............................................................................................................................... 45
III.2.ERMES ................................................................................................................................. 46III.2.1.ERMES STANDARTININ FAYDALARI ....................................................................................48
,,,�����$� ùHEHNH 2SHUDW|U�QH 2ODQ )D\GDODU ......................................................................................48,,,�����%� .XOODQÕFÕ\D 2ODQ )D\GDODU ....................................................................................................49III.2.1.C. Üreticiye Olan Faydalar ................................................................................................ ........50
III.3.FLEX .................................................................................................................................... 51,,,����� )/(; 67$1'$57,1,1 %$ù/,&$ g=(//ø./(5ø 9( $9$17$-/$5, ...............................51,,,����� )/(; 9( 32&6$* 35272.2//(5ø1ø1 .$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6, ........................................53,,,����� )/(; 9( (50(6 35272.2//(5ø1ø1 .$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6, ..........................................54
,9� 02%ø/ '$7$ 6ø67(0/(5ø ................................................................................................... 54,9���*(1øù $/$1 02%ø/ '$7$ 6ø67(0/(5ø.......................................................................... 54
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 2
,9����� $1$/2* +h&5(6(/ 6ø67(0/(5 h=(5ø1'(1 '$7$ 75$160ø6<218 ......................55,9����� 6$<,6$/ +h&5(6(/ 6ø67(0/(5 h=(5ø1'(1 '$7$ 75$160ø6<218 ......................55,9����� d$ö5, 6ø67(0/(5ø h=(5ø1'(1 '$7$ 75$160ø6<218 ..............................................55,9����� g=(/ 02%ø/ 5$'<2 6ø67(0/(5ø�305�35,9$7( 02%,/( 5$',2� .............................56
,9��� 02%ø/ 5$'<2 '$7$ ù(%(.(/(5ø................................................................................. 56V. KABLOSUZ PBX(WPBX-WIRELESS PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE) VE LAN(WLAN-
:,5(/(66 /2&$/ $5($ 1(7:25.� 6(59ø6/(5ø ............................................................... 579,�8<'8 %$ö/$17,/, 02%ø/ +$%(5/(ù0( 6ø67(0/(5ø ............................................... 599,���ø/. 681ø 8<'8/$5 ........................................................................................................... 59
9,��� 8<'8/$5,1 7(/(.20h1ø.$6<21 +ø=0(7ø1'( .8//$1,/0$6, ø/( ø/*ø/ø ø/.DENEYLER .................................................................................................................................. 59
9,��� ø/. 7(/(.20h1ø.$6<21 8<'868� 7(/67$5............................................................ 60VI.4. SYNCOM.............................................................................................................................. 61
VI.5.INTELSAT............................................................................................................................. 629,����� ,17(/6$7 1('ø5 " ...................................................................................................................629,����� ,17(/6$7¶,1 )21.6ø<21/$5, 1(/(5'ø5 "......................................................................639,����� ,17(/6$7 +$1*ø 8<'8 .$<1$./$5,1$ 6$+ø37ø5 " ...................................................639,����� ,17(/6$7 1$6,/ d$/,ù,5 "....................................................................................................649,����� ,17(/6$7 6ø67(0ø1ø .ø0/(5 .8//$1,5 " .......................................................................649,����� ,17(/6$7 6(59ø6/(5ø ............................................................................................................65
VI.6. INMARSAT .......................................................................................................................... 65
9,��� <(5(/ 9( %g/*(6(/ 8<'8 6ø67(0/(5ø..................................................................... 66VI.8. GMPCS (GLOBAL MOBILE PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS BY SATELLITE)
6ø67(0/(5ø ................................................................................................................................ 679,��� 7h5.ø<(¶'( 8<'8 +$%(5/(ù0(6ø.............................................................................. 68
9,,� ��1(6ø/ 02%ø/ +$%(5/(ù0( 6ø67(0/(5ø ................................................................... 70VII.1.PCN (PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS) / PCS(PERSONAL
COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES) ............................................................................................... 70
VII.2. UMTS(UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS) /
FPLMTS(FUTURE PUBLIC-LAND-MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS) ............. 71
KAYNAKÇA 74
EK: Tablo.1.Analog Hücresel Teknolojiler
7DEOR���6D\ÕVDO +�FUHVHO 7HNQRORMLOHU7DEOR���*60 YH '&6����� 6LVWHPOHULQLQ .DUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ7DEOR��� $QDORJ .DEORVX] 7HOHIRQ 6LVWHPL 6WDQGDUWODUÕ7DEOR��� 6D\ÕVDO .DEORVX] 7HOHIRQ 6WDQGDUWODUÕ7DEOR���)OH[ YH (UPHV dD÷UÕ 3URWRNROOHULQLQ .DUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕTablo.7. GMPCS Sistemleri (Mali Portre)
7DEOR��� *03&6 6LVWHPOHULQLQ 7HNQLN g]HOOLNOHULQLQ .DUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 3
*ø5øù
.XOODQÕODQ� WHNQRORMLOHU� DoÕVÕQGDQ� KÕ]OD� JHOLúPH� J|VWHUHQ� PRELO
WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�VLVWHPOHUL���DQD�EDúOÕN�DOWÕQGD�LQFHOHQHELOLU�
· Hücresel sistemler
· Kablosuz telefon sistemleri
· 0HVDM��oD÷UÕ�VLVWHPOHUL�
· Uydu sistemleri
+�FUHVHO�VLVWHPOHU�DQDORJ�YH\D�VD\ÕVDO�WHNQRORMLOHUL�NXOODQPDNWD�ROXS�HQ�KÕ]OÕ
E�\�\HQ� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�SD]DUÕQÕ�ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU��%X�VLVWHPOHU�3671¶H�HULúLPLQ
\DQÕ� VÕUD� LOHUL� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� VHUYLVOHUL� GH� VXQPDNWDGÕU�� $QDORJ� WHNQRORML\L
NXOODQDQ� ��� 1HVLO� K�FUHVHO� PRELO� VLVWHPOHULQ� EDúOÕFDODUÕ� $036� �$GYDQFHG�0RELOH
Phone Service), TACS (Total Access Communication System) ve NMT (Nordic
0RELOH�7HOHSKRQH�¶GLU�����1HVLO�VD\ÕVDO�K�FUHVHO�PRELO�VLVWHPOHULQ�EDúOÕFDODUÕ�LVH�,6�
54 , IS-95, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), DCS-1800 (Digital
&HOOXODU�6\VWHP�������YH�3'&�3HUVRQDO�'LJLWDO�&HOOXODU�¶GLU�������\ÕOÕ�LWLEDUÕ\OD�W�P
G�Q\DGD� ��� PLO\RQ� K�FUHVHO� VLVWHP� NXOODQÕFÕVÕ� EXOXQPDNWD� ROXS� EX� VD\ÕQÕQ� ����
\ÕOÕQD� NDGDU� ����PLO\RQD� XODúPDVÕ� EHNOHQPHNWHGLU�� ���1HVLO� VD\ÕVDO� K�FUHVHO�PRELO
VLVWHPOHULQ� JHOLúLP� V�UHFL� GHYDP� HWPHNWH� ROXS� EX� VLVWHPOHU� $YUXSD¶GD� 3&1
(Personal Communications Network) Amerika�da ise PCS (Personal
&RPPXQLFDWLRQV�6HUYLFHV��DGÕ\OD�DQÕOPDNWDGÕU��3&1�3&6�NDYUDPÕQÕQ�WHPHOL�\HUGHQ
YH� ]DPDQGDQ� ED÷ÕPVÕ]� RODUDN� NLúLVHO� NRP�QLNDV\RQ� KL]PHWOHULQLQ� VXQXOPDVÕGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 4
dHúLWOL� PRELO� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� VLVWHPOHULQLQ� RUWDN� ELU� DOW� \DSÕ� LoHULVLQGH� HQWHJUH
HGLOHUHN� VLVWHP� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQD� GDKD� JHOLúPLú� VHUYLVOHU� VXQDELOPHN� ILNULQH� GD\DOÕ
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems) ve FPLMTS (Future
3XEOLF�/DQG�0RELOH� 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV� 6\VWHPV�� � NDYUDPODU� GD� ��1HVLO� PRELO
WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�VLVWHPOHUL���LoHULVLQGH�GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHOLGLU�
0RELO�WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�VLVWHPOHULQLQ�GL÷HU�ELU�SDUoDVÕQÕ�ROXúWXUDQ�NDEORVX]
telefon sistemleri, analog (CT-0 (Cordles Telephone-1), JCT (Japanese Cordless
7HOHSKRQH���&7����&RUGOHVV�7HOHSKRQH�����YH�VD\ÕVDO��&7����&RUGOHVV�7HOHSKRQH����
DECT (Digital European Cordless Telephone ), PHS (Personal Handy Phone
6\VWHP���NDEORVX]�WHOHIRQ�VLVWHPOHUL�RODUDN�LNL�JUXS�DOWÕQGD�LQFHOHQHELOLU�
+Õ]OD� JHOLúPHNWH� RODQ� GL÷HU� ELU� PRELO� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� � SD]DUÕ� GD� oD÷UÕ
VLVWHPOHULGLU��hUHWLFLOHU� ELOJL� VLQ\DOOHULQL� X]DNWDNL� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕQD� LOHWHELOPHN� LoLQ
IDUNOÕ� WHNQLNOHU� JHOLúWLUPLú�ROXS�EX� WHNQLNOHU� NRGODPD� IRUPDWODUÕ� RODUDN� DGODQGÕUÕOÕU�
.XOODQÕOPDNWD� RODQ� HQ� \D\JÕQ� NRGODPD� IRUPDWODUÕ� 32&6$*� �3RVW� 2IILFH� &RGH
Standardisation Advisory Group), ERMES (European Radio Message Standard) ve
FLEX�dir.
Uydu sistemleri (EUTELSAT, INTELSAT ve INMARSAT), karasal
úHEHNHOHU� �]HULQGHQ� VD÷ODQDELOHQ� E�W�Q� VHUYLVOHUL� GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�� dRN� \DNÕQ� ELU
gelecekte servise verilmesi planlanam GMPCS (Global Mobile Personel
Communications by Satellite) sistemleri (IRIDIUM, GLOBALSTAR, ODYSSEY,
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 5
,&2��LVH�G�Q\D�\|U�QJHVLQH�\HUOHúWLULOHFHN�oRN�VD\ÕGDNL�X\GX�LOH�NHVLQWLVL]�K�FUHVHO
NDSVDPD�YH�JHFLNPHVL]�WUDQVPLV\RQ�LPNDQODUÕQÕ�VD÷OD\DFDNWÕU�
,�+h&5(6(/�02%ø/�7(/()21�6ø67(0/(5ø
,���$1$/2*�+h&5(6(/�02%ø/�7(/()21�6ø67(0/(5ø��7$%/2���
I.1.1.AMPS
%HOO� /DERUDWXYDUODUÕ� WDUDIÕQGDQ� ����¶OHUGH� JHOLúWLULOHQ� $036� �$GYDQFHG
0RELOH�3KRQH�6\VWHP�� VLVWHPL� LON�NH]������\ÕOÕQGD���\ÕOOÕN�ELU� GHQHPH� V�UHFLQGHQ
JHoLULOPHN� �]HUH� &KLFDJR¶GD� X\JXODQPÕúWÕU�� +�FUHVHO� SD]DUD� WLFDUL� DQODPGD� ����
\ÕOÕQGD� VXQXOPXú� RODQ� VLVWHPLQ� .DQDGD�� $PHULND�� 0HNVLND� LOH� 2UWD� YH� *�QH\
$PHULND¶GD� WRSODP� ��� PLO\RQ� NXOODQÕFÕVÕ� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� $036�� NDSVDPD� DODQÕ
DoÕVÕQGDQ� G�Q\DQÕQ� HQ� JHQLú� K�FUHVHO� VWDQGDUWÕGÕU�� � 6LVWHPGH� �������� 0+]� �%D]
LVWDV\RQ� YHULú�� YH� �������� 0+]� �%D]� LVWDV\RQ� DOÕú�� EDQGÕQD� ��� .+]� NDQDO
DUDOÕNODUÕ\OD�\HUOHúWLULOPLú�����NDQDO�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU��6LVWHPLQ�NXOODQGÕ÷Õ�oRNOX�HULúLP
PHWRGX�)'0$�)UHTXHQF\�'LYLVLRQ�0XOWLSOH�$FFHVV�¶GÕU�� �)'0$¶GD�KHU�NXOODQÕFÕ�
UDG\R� IUHNDQV� VSHNWUXPXQXQ� NDQDO� RODUDN� DGODQGÕUÕODQ� D\UÕ� ELU� E|O�P�Q�� NXOODQÕU�
6LVWHPLQ� NXOODQGÕ÷Õ� PRG�ODV\RQ� WLSL� )0� �)UHTXHQF\� 0RGXODWLRQ�� µGLU�� $036
VLVWHPLQGH� J|U�OHQ� HQ� EHOLUJLQ� \HWHUVL]OLNOHUGHQ� ELUL�� NXOODQÕFÕQÕQ� ELU� K�FUHQLQ
NDSVDPD� DODQÕQGDQ� GL÷HU� ELU� K�FUHQLQ� NDSVDPD� DODQÕQD� JHoLúL� VÕUDVÕQGD
WUDQVPLV\RQGD�ROXúDQ������±�����VDQL\H�DUDVÕQGD�GH÷LúHQ�NHVLQWLOHUGLU��%X�NHVLQWLOHU
ses için farkedilebilir olmasa da data transmisyonunu oldukça etkilemektedir.
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 6
6LVWHPLQ� GL÷HU� ELU� \HWHUVL]OL÷L� LVH� DQFDN� G�ú�N� GDWD� KÕ]ODUÕQÕ� GHVWHNOH\HELOPHVLGLU�
6LVWHPLQ� GDWD� KÕ]Õ� ����� ESV� ROXS� VRQ� ]DPDQODUGD� JHOLúWLULOHQ� VÕNÕúWÕUPD
DOJRULWPDODUÕ\OD� GDWD� KÕ]Õ� ����� ESV¶D� NDGDU� DUWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU�� 6LVWHPLQ� G�ú�N� KÕ]OÕ� GDWD
WUDQVPLV\RQX� LoLQ� ELU� VHV� NDQDOÕQÕQ� WDPDPÕQÕ� NXOODQPDVÕ�� VLVWHP� �]HULQGHQ� GDWD
WUDQVPLV\RQXQXQ�ROGXNoD�SDKDOÕ�ROPDVÕQD�\RO�DoPDNWDGÕU�
I.1.2.TACS
7$&6� �7RWDO� $FFHVV� &RPPXQLFDWLRQ� 6\VWHP��� 0RWRUROD� WDUDIÕQGDQ
JHOLúWLULOPLú�$036¶H�EHQ]HU�ELU�DQDORJ�VLVWHPGLU��6LVWHP�LON�NH]�����¶GH�øQJLOWHUH¶GH
9RGDIRQH�YH�&HOOQHW� WDUDIÕQGDQ� LúOHWPH\H� DoÕOPÕúWÕU��(7$&6��17$&6�1DUURZEDQG
7$&6�� YH� -7$&6�-DSDQ� 7$&6�� ROPDN� �]HUH� �� IDUNOÕ� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQGD� oDOÕúDQ
7$&6�VLVWHPOHUL�PHYFXWWXU��(7$&6����������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�YHULú��YH��������
0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�DOÕú��IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕ��17$&6����������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�YHULú�
YH���������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�DOÕú��IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕ���-7$&6�LVH���������0+]��%D]
LVWDV\RQ�YHULú��YH���������0+]��%D]� LVWDV\RQ�DOÕú�� IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕ�NXOODQÕU��.DQDO
DUDOÕ÷Õ� (7$&6� VLVWHPLQGH� ��� .+]�� 17$&6� VLVWHPLQGH� ����� .+]¶� GLU�� (7$&6
VLVWHPLQGH� ������17$&6� VLVWHPLQGH� ���� LVH� NDQDO�PHYFXWWXU�� 6LVWHPGH� NXOODQÕODQ
oRNOX� HULúLP� PHWRGX� )'0$� �)UHTXHQF\� 'LYLVLRQ� 0XOWLSOH� $FFHVV�� ROXS�
PRG�ODV\RQ�WLSL�)0��)UHTXHQF\�0RGXODWLRQ�¶GLU��7$&6�VLVWHPL�$YUXSD¶GD�øQJLOWHUH�
øUODQGD��øWDO\D��$YXVWXU\D�YH�øVSDQ\D¶GD�NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 7
I.1.3.NMT-450
107����� �1RUGLF� 0RELOH� 7HOHSKRQHV� ������ 1RUGLN� �ONHOHUGH� NXOODQÕOPDN
�]HUH�(ULFVVRQ�YH�1RNLD�WDUDIÕQGDQ�|]HO�RODUDN�JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU��6LVWHP���������0+]
�%D]�LVWDV\RQ�YHULú��YH���������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�DOÕú��IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕ�NXOODQPDNWD
ROXS����.+]�NDQDO�DUDOÕ÷Õ\OD�\HUOHúWLULOPLú�����NDQDOD�VDKLSWLU��6LVWHPGH�NXOODQÕODQ
oRNOX� HULúLP� PHWRGX� )'0$� �)UHTXHQF\� 'LYLVLRQ� 0XOWLSOH� $FFHVV�� ROXS�
modülasyon tipi FM (Frequency Modulation)�dir. NMT-900, NMT-450�nin yüksek
NDSDVLWH� VD÷OD\DFDN� YH� WDúÕQDELOLU� HO� WHUPLQDOOHULQLQ� NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD� LPNDQ� YHUHFHN
úHNLOGH�JHOLúWLULOPHVL\OH�RUWD\D�oÕNPÕú�ELU� VLVWHPGLU��107��������������0+]� �%D]
LVWDV\RQ�YHULú��YH���������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�DOÕú��IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕ�NXOODQPDNWDGÕU�
6LVWHPGH� NXOODQÕODQ� NDQDO� DUDOÕ÷Õ� ����� .+]� ROXS� WRSODP� ����� NDQDO� PHYFXWWXU�
107�����VLVWHPLQGH�ROGX÷X�JLEL�107�����VLVWHPLQLQ��oRNOX�HULúLP�PHWRGX�)'0$
(Frequency Division Multiple Access), modülasyon tipi FM (Frequency
Modulation)�dir.
NMT sistemi, Türkiye de dahil olmak üzere tüm dünyada 40�dan fazla
�ONHGH�NXOODQÕODQ�ROGXNoD�\D\JÕQ�ELU�VWDQGDUWWÕU��107�����VLVWHPL��7�UNL\H¶GH�����
\ÕOÕQGD�KL]PHWH�YHULOPLú�ROXS��VLVWHP�����0+]�IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕQ�EDúND�KL]PHWOHU�LoLQ
|QFHGHQ�WDKVLVOL�ROPDVÕ�VHEHEL\OH���������������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�YHULú��YH�������
��������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�DOÕú��IUHNDQV�EDQGODUÕQGD�oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU��(NLP������WDULKL
LWLEDUÕ\OD����LO�PHUNH]L��E�\�N�LOoHOHU�YH�WXULVWLN�PHUNH]OHU�NDSVDQPÕú�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 8
107����� VLVWHPL� $YXVWXU\D�� %HOoLND�� 'DQLPDUND�� )LQODQGL\D�� ø]ODQGD�
øVSDQ\D��+ROODQGD�� øVYHo��1RUYHo��/�NVHPEXUJ��dHN�&XPKXUL\HWL��dLQ��(QGRQH]\D�
Litvanya, Polonya, Rusya, Slovak Cumhuriyeti, Tayland, Türkiye, Ukrayna ve
g]EHNLVWDQ¶GD��107�����VLVWHPL�LVH�+ROODQGD��1RUYHo��'DQLPDUND��)LQODQ\D��øVYHo�
øVYLoUH��&H]D\LU��.DPERo\D��)UDQVD�YH�7D\ODQG¶GD�NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�
,���6$<,6$/�+h&5(6(/�02%ø/�7(/()21�6ø67(0/(5ø��7$%/2����
,�����,6����.8=(<�$0(5ø.$�6$<,6$/�+h&5(6(/�6ø67(0ø
Amerika�da New York ve Los Angeles gibi büyük hücresel pazarlarda ortaya
oÕNDQ�NDSDVLWH�SUREOHPOHUL��PHYFXW�DQDORJ�VLVWHPLQ�WDKPLQ�HGLOHQ�DERQH�VD\ÕVÕ�DUWÕúÕ
\HWHUVL]�NDODFD÷ÕQÕ�DoÕNoD�J|VWHUGL��%X�VHEHSOH������YH������\ÕOODUÕ�DUDVÕQGD�K�FUHVHO
sistem operatörleri ve cihaz üreticileri TIA(Telecommunications Industry
$VVRFLDWLRQ�¶QÕQ� OLGHUOL÷LQGH� GH÷LúLN� WHNQRORMLN� DOWHUQDWLIOHUL� GH÷HUOHQGLUPH\H
EDúODGÕODU������¶GD�7,$��\HOHUL�LNLQFL�QHVLO�K�FUHVHO�VLVWHPLQ�7'0$��7LPH�'LYLVLRQ
0XOWLSOH�$FFHVV��HULúLP�PHWRGXQX�NXOODQDQ�VD\ÕVDO�ELU�VLVWHP�ROPDVÕQD�NDUDU�YHUGL�
7,$��V|]NRQXVX�VD\ÕVDO�VLVWHP�VWDQGDUWÕQÕQ�|]HOOLNOHULQL�EHOLUOHGL�YH�EX�VLVWHPH�,6���
DGÕ�YHULOGL�
,6�����$036� VWDQGDUWÕ� JLEL� ��� .+]� NDQDO� DUDOÕ÷ÕQÕ� YH� ��������0+]� �%D]
LVWDV\RQ� YHULú�� YH� �������� �%D]� LVWDV\RQ� DOÕú�� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQÕ� NXOODQPDNWDGÕU�
6LVWHPGH� WRSODP� ���� NDQDO� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� ,6����� )'0$� �)UHTXHQF\� 'LYLVLRQ
Multiple Access) yerine TDMA/FDM (Time Division Multiple Access/Frequency
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 9
'LYLVLRQ�0XOWLSOH[��HULúLP�WHNQL÷LQL�NXOODQDUDN��NDQDO�EDúÕQD�G�úHQ�NXOODQÕFÕ�VD\ÕVÕQÕ
�¶GHQ��¶H�oÕNDUÕU��0RG�ODV\RQ�WLSL�p���'346.�ROXS��NDQDO�ELW�KÕ]Õ������.E�V¶GÕU�� IS-
��� VLVWHPL� ,6'1�X\XPOX�ROPDPDNOD�EHUDEHU�� NXOODQÕFÕ� NDQDOÕ� EDúÕQD� ����.E�V� GDWD
transmisyonuna izin vermektedir.
,6���� VD\ÕVDO� HO� WHUPLQDOOHUL� YH� VLVWHPOHUL� DQDORJ� $036� VLVWHPLQL� GH
GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�� ,6���� WDP� RODUDN� WDQÕPODQPÕú� DoÕN� ELU� PLPDUL\H� VDKLS� ROPD\ÕS
VLVWHP�HOHPDQODUÕ�YH�|]HOOLNOHUL��UHWLFL\H�ED÷OÕGÕU�
,�����,6����.8=(<�$0(5ø.$�6$<,6$/�+h&5(6(/�6ø67(0ø
,6�����&'0$�&RGH�'LYLVLRQ�0XOWLSOH�$FFHVV�� VWDQGDUWÕQD�$PHULND¶GD�7,$
�7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV� ,QGXVWU\�$VVRFLDWLRQ�� WDUDIÕQGDQ� YHULOHQ� LVLPGLU�� � ,6����� ����
���� 0+]� �%D]� LVWDV\RQ� YHULú�� YH� �������� 0+]� �%D]� LVWDV\RQ� DOÕú�� IUHNDQVODUÕQÕ
NXOODQPDNWD�ROXS�������.+]�NDQDO�DUDOÕNODUÕ\OD�\HUOHúWLULOPLú����NDQDOD�VDKLSWLU��+HU
NDQDOÕ�����NXOODQÕFÕ�SD\ODúÕU��0RG�ODV\RQ�WLSL�436.�2436.��NDQDO�ELW�KÕ]Õ�������
.E�V¶GÕU�� dRNOX� HULúLP� PHWRGX� &'0$�)'0�&RGH� 'LYLVLRQ� 0XOWLSOH
Access/Frequency Division Multiplex)�dir.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple
$FFHVV��YH�)'0$��)UHTXHQF\�'LYLVLRQ�0XOWLSOH�$FFHVV���JLEL�SHN�oRN�NXOODQÕFÕQÕQ
K�FUHVHO� úHEHNH\H� D\QÕ� DQGD� HULúLPLQL� VD÷OD\DQ� ELU� HULúLP� WHNQL÷LGLU�� &'0$
NXOODQÕFÕODUÕ�� E�W�Q� ]DPDQ� YH� IUHNDQV� ND\QDNODUÕQÕ� D\QÕ� DQGD� SD\ODúÕU�� %X�� KHU
NXOODQÕFÕ\D�D\UÕ�ELU�31�3VHRGR�1RLVH��YH\D�µFKLS�31�NRGX� LoHULVLQGHNL� WHN�ELU�ELW�¶
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 10
OHUGHQ�ROXúDQ�ELU�VD\ÕVDO�NRG�WDKVLV�HGLOPHVL\OH�VD÷ODQÕU��+HU�NXOODQÕFÕ\D�WDKVLV�HGLOHQ
EX�NRG�ELOJL�VLQ\DOLQH�HNOHQHUHN�WDúÕ\ÕFÕ��]HULQH�PRG�OH�HGLOLU��$OÕFÕ�WDUDIWD�D\QÕ�31
NRGX� NXOODQÕODUDN� KHU� LNL� VLQ\DOLQ� NRUUHODV\RQX� VD÷ODQÕU�� %X� NRUUHODV\RQ� LúOHPL
sadece kod dizisine uyan bilgiyi geçirir. Böylece, geçerli olmayan sinyallerin (yani
GL÷HU� NXOODQÕFÕODUGDQ� JHOHQ� VLQ\DOOHULQ�� NRGX� o|]�OPH]� YH� EXQODU� J�U�OW�� RODUDN
J|U�O�U�� *�U�OW�\H� NDUúÕ� NRUXPD�� ELOJL� VLQ\DOLQLQ� VSHNWUXPXQX� EDVHEDQG� VLQ\DOLQ
WUDQVPLV\RQX� LoLQ� JHUHNOL� EDQG� JHQLúOL÷LQGHQ� oRN� GDKD� JHQLú� ELU� EDQGD� \D\DQ� 31
NRGODUÕQÕQ� NXOODQÕPÕ\OD� ROXU�� &'0$� VLVWHPLQLQ� LVWHQPH\HQ� VLVWHPOHUL� UHGGHWPH
|]HOOL÷L��\�NVHN�J�U�OW�O��ELU�oHYUHGH�oDOÕúPDVÕQD�LPNDQ�YHULU��7HPHO�NXOODQÕFÕ�NDQDO
KÕ]Õ� ����.E�V� µGÕU��%X�KÕ]�ED]Õ� WHNQLNOHULQ�NRPELQDV\RQX� LOH� �������0FKLS�V� NDQDO
FKLS�KÕ]ÕQD�\D\ÕOÕU��7RSODP�GD÷ÕWPD�IDNW|U�������
,6����VWDQGDUWÕQÕQ�����PLO\RQX�.RUH¶GH���������¶L�$PHULND¶GD�ROPDN��]HUH
W�P�G�Q\DGD�����PLO\RQ�NXOODQÕFÕVÕ�YDUGÕU�
1.2.2.A.CDMA Nedir ?
&'0$��&RGH�'LYLVLRQ�0XOWLSOH�$FFHVV���JHOLúPLú� VD\ÕVDO� WHOVL]�KDEHUOHúPH
VLVWHPOHULQGH� NXOODQÕODQ� ELU� oRNOX� HULúLP�PHWRGXGXU��dRNOX� HULúLP�PHWRGODUÕ� UDG\R
VSHNWUXPXQXQ�NDQDOODUD�QDVÕO�E|O�QHFH÷LQL�YH�EX�NDQDOODUÕQ�VLVWHPLQ�NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQD
QDVÕO�WDKVLV�HGLOHFH÷LQL�EHOLUOH\HQ�PHWRGODUGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 11
&'0$�� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQ� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ� IUHNDQVODUÕ� YH\D� ]DPDQ� E|OPHOHUL� \HULQH
NRGODUOD� ELUELULQGHQ� D\UÕOGÕ÷Õ� ELU� oRNOX� HULúLP� PHWRGXGXU�� %�W�Q� NXOODQÕFÕODU� D\QÕ
WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�IUHNDQVÕ�D\QÕ�DQGD�NXOODQÕUODU�
&'0$� VLVWHPOHULQGH� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕ� ����� 0+]� JHQLúOL÷LQGHGLU�� %X
WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�EDQG�)'0$�YH�7'0$�VLVWHPOHULQGHNL�WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�EDQGGDQ�ROGXNoD�JHQLúWLU�
&'0$�VLVWHPOHUGH�WUDILN�NDQDOODUÕ�KHU�NXOODQÕFÕ\D�D\UÕ�ELU�NRG�WDKVLV�HGHUHN
YH�EX�NRGX�E�W�Q� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�ER\XQFD�\D\DUDN�ROXúWXUXOXU��<DQL��NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQ� WDPDPÕ
E�W�Q�WDúÕ\ÕFÕ\Õ�]DPDQÕQ�������QGH�NXOODQÕUODU�
&'0$�WHNQL÷LQL�GDKD�L\L�DQODPDN�LoLQ�LoHULVLQGH�oLIWOHULQ�EXOXQGX÷X�ELU�RGD
G�ú�QHOLP��%X�oLIWOHULQ�KHUELUL�VDGHFH�ELUELUOHUL\OH�NRQXúPDN�YH�ELUELUOHULQL�GLQOHPHN
LVWHVLQOHU��(÷HU�KHU�oLIW�WHN�ELU�GLO�ELOLUVH�YH�RGDGDNL�oLIWOHULQ�ELOGL÷L�GLOOHULQ�WDPDPÕ
ELUELULQGHQ�IDUNOÕ� LVH��EX�oLIWOHULQ� WDPDPÕ�RGDGDNL�KDYD\Õ� VHVOHUL� LoLQ� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�RODUDN
NXOODQDELOLU� YH� GL÷HU� oLIWOHUGHQ� oRN� D]� ELU� HQWHUIHUDQV� DOÕUODU�� %XUDGDNL� DQDORML�
RGDGDNL�KDYDQÕQ�JHQLúEDQG�������0+]��ELU� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ\Õ��NRQXúXODQ�GLOOHULQ� LVH�NRGODUÕ
LIDGH� HWPHVLGLU�� 2GDGDNL� oLIWOHULQ� VD\ÕVÕ� HQWHUIHUDQV� UDKDWVÕ]� HGLFL� ER\XWODUD
XODúÕQFD\D� NDGDU� DUWWÕUÕODELOLU�� 7DúÕ\ÕFÕ\Õ� NXOODQDELOHFHN� PDNVLPXP� NXOODQÕFÕ� VD\ÕVÕ
WDúÕ\ÕFÕ� �]HULQGHNL� NRQXúPDODUÕQ� DNWLYLWHVLQH� ED÷OÕ� ROGX÷XQGDQ� NHVLQ� RODUDN� EHOOL
GH÷LOGLU�� %�W�Q� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQ� VLQ\DO� J�F�� JHUHNWL÷LQGHQ� ID]OD� ROPD\DFDN� úHNLOGH
NRQXúPD�NDOLWHVLQL� GH� NRUX\DUDN� NRQWURO� HGLOLUVH�� D\QÕ� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ\Õ� GDKD� oRN� NXOODQÕFÕ
kullanabilir.
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 12
&'0$�� ELU� VSUHDG� VSHFWUXP� WHNQRORMLVLGLU�� 'L÷HU� ELU� GH÷LúOH�� &'0$�� ELU
ELOJL�VLQ\DOLQL�R�VLQ\DOLQ�EDQG�JHQLúOL÷LQGHQ�GDKD�JHQLú�ELU�EDQGD�\D\DU�
*HQLú� ELU� EDQGD� \D\ÕOPÕú� RODQ� ELU� VLQ\DOLQ� \DNDODQPDVÕQÕQ� ]RU� ROPDVÕ
VHEHEL\OH�&'0$�LON�GHID�DVNHUL�VLVWHPOHUGH�NXOODQÕOPÕú�ROXS��WLFDUL�NXOODQÕPD�DoÕOÕúÕ
48$/&200� � WDUDIÕQGDQ� \DSÕODQ� oDOÕúPDODU� VRQXQGD� JHUoHNOHúPLúWLU�� ùX� DQGD
&'0$� DODQÕQGD� OLVDQV� VDKLEL� SHN� oRN� �UHWLFL� �/XFHQW� 7HFKQRORJLHV�� 0RWRUROD�
Northern Telecom, NEC, Fujitsu, Panasonic, Sony, Hewlett-Packard, Oki)
EXOXQPDNWDGÕU��$PHULNDGD�K�FUHVHO�VLVWHPOHU�DODQÕQGD�IDDOL\HW�J|VWHUHQ�HQ�E�\�N���
úLUNHW�\HQL�VD\ÕVDO�úHEHNHOHUL�LoLQ�&'0$�WHNQRORMLVLQL�VHoPLú�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
&'0$�� LON� NH]� ����WH� +RQJ� .RQJGD� WLFDUL� RODUDN� VHUYLVH� YHULOPLúWLU�� ùX
anda Kore ve Pennsylvania'da ticari olarak servis halinde bulunan CDMA sistemleri
PHYFXWWXU�� dRN� \DNÕQGD� LVH� 9DQFRXYHU�� %�&��� 6LQJDSXU�� )LOLSLQOHU�� +LQGLVWDQ�� dLQ�
$UMDQWLQ�� ùLOH�� %UH]LO\D�� &DOLIRUQLD��:DVKLQJWRQ�� 7H[DV�� ,OLQRLV� YH�1HZ�<RUNWD� GD
CDMA sistemleri ticari olarak servise verilecektir.
������%�&'0$�7HNQRORMLVLQLQ�)D\GDODUÕ
&'0$�WHNQRORMLVLQLQ�ID\GDODUÕ�DúD÷ÕGDNL�PDGGHOHUOH�|]HWOHQHELOLU�
���&'0$��DQDORJ�$036�VLVWHPLQGHQ������� � � VD\ÕVDO�*60�VLVWHPLQGHQ� LVH�����NDW
GDKD�ID]OD�NDSDVLWH�VD÷ODU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 13
2) Ses kalitesi yüksektir.
��� $\QÕ� IUHNDQVÕQ� E�W�Q� K�FUHOHUGH� YH� ELU� K�FUHQLQ� E�W�Q� VHNW|UOHULQGH
NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD�L]LQ�YHUGL÷LQGHQ�VLVWHP�SODQODPDVÕQÕ�NROD\ODúWÕUÕU�
���+HU�NXOODQÕFÕ\D�D\UÕ�ELU�NRG�WDKVLVL�NRQXúPD�J�YHQOL÷LQL�DUWWÕUÕU�
���*HOLúWLULOPLú�NDSODPD�NDUDNWHULVWL÷L�VD\HVLQGH��EHOOL�ELU�WUDILN�PLNWDUÕQÕQÕQ�EHOOL�ELU
DODQGD�� )'0$� YH� 7'0$� VLVWHPOHULQH� J|UH� \DUÕ� \DUÕ\D� GDKD� D]� K�FUH� NXUDUDN
VD÷ODQPDVÕQD� LPNDQ� YHULU�� � 6LVWHPLQ� EX� |]HOOL÷L� X\JXODPD� YH� LúOHWPH�PDVUDIODUÕQÕ
D]DOWÕU�
���6LVWHPLQ�RUWDODPD�YHULú�J�F��G�ú�NW�U�
���'DKD�N�o�N�ER\XWODUGDNL�WDúÕQDELOLU�WHOHIRQODU�NXOODQÕOÕU�
���7DúÕQDELOLU�WHOHIRQODUÕQ�NRQXúPD�V�UHVL�GDKD�X]XQGXU����VDDW�NRQXúPD����J�QGHQ
fazla standby periodu).
���$\QÕ�DQGD�VHV�YH�GDWD�VHUYLVL�YHULOHELOPHVLQL�GH�LoHUHQ�JHQLúOHWLOPLú�GDWD�VHUYLVOHUL
sunar.
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 14
����%LU�K�FUH�DODQÕQGDQ�EDúND�ELU�K�FUH\H�JHoLúWH�ROXúDQ�NRQXúPD�ND\ÕSODUÕQÕ�RUWDGDQ
NDOGÕUÕU��VRIW�KDQRII�LOH��
,�����&�+�FUH�7HNUDU�.XOODQÕPÕ
'L÷HU� K�FUHVHO� WHNQRORMLOHUGH�� VLVWHPOHU� 1� � �� YH\D� 1� � �� K�FUH� WHNUDU
NXOODQÕPÕ� PHWRGXQX� NXOODQDUDN� WDVDUODQÕUODU�� <DQL�� ELU� RSHUDW|UH� WDKVLV� HGLOHQ
K�FUHVHO� IUHNDQVODUGDQ� DQFDN� ���� VL� KHUKDQJL� ELU� K�FUHGH� NXOODQÕODELOLU�� $QDORJ
VLVWHPOHUGH� LVWHQLOHQ� VLQ\DO� VHYL\HVL� D\Q� NDQDOGDNL� J�U�OW�� YH\D� HQWHUIHUDQV
VHYL\HVLQLQ����G%��]HULQGH�ROPDOÕGÕU��+�FUHOHU�ELUELUOHULQGHQ��HQWHUIHUDQVÕ�PLQLPXPD
LQGLUPHQLQ� YH\D� WDPDPHQ� RUWDGDQ� NDOGÕUPDQÕQ� \DQÕ� VÕUD� NDE�O� HGLOHELOLU� ELU� VHV
NDOLWHVL�VD÷OD\DFDN�úHNLOGH�\HWHULQFH�X]DN�\HUOHúWLULOLUOHU�
&'0$GD� WDúÕ\ÕFÕ� �]HULQGHNL� E�W�Q� NXOODQÕFÕODU� D\QÕ� 5)� VSHNWUXPXQX
SD\ODúÕUODU��$\QÕ�&'0$�5)�WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�IUHNDQVÕ�E�W�Q�K�FUHOHUGH�YH�EX�K�FUHOHULQ�E�W�Q
VHNW|UOHULQGH�NXOODQÕODELOLU��%X�GXUXP�1� ���RODQ�K�FUH� WHNUDUODPD�PHWRGXQX� LIDGH
HGHU�� �%X�K�FUH�WHNUDU�NXOODQPD�\|QWHPL��&'0$QÕQ�GL÷HU�K�FUHVHO�VLVWHPOHUH�J|UH
GDKD�ID]OD�NDSDVLWH\H�VDKLS�ROPDVÕQD�VHEHS�ROXU�
&'0$� VLVWHPLQLQ� QLKDL� NDSDVLWHVLQL�� GL÷HU� K�FUHOHU� YH� DERQHOHULQ
ROXúWXUGX÷X� HQWHUIHUDQV� EHOLUOHU�� � 6LVWHP� WDVDUÕPÕQÕQ� DQD� KHGHIL� WRSODP� HQWHUIHUDQV
VHYL\HVLQL� PLQLPXPD� JHWLUPHNWLU�� &'0$�� HQWHUIHUDQV� PLQLPXPD� LQGLUHUHN
NDSDVLWH\L�PDNVLPXPD�oÕNDUPDN�LoLQ�SHN�oRN�PHNDQL]PD\D�VDKLSWLU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 15
1.2.2.D.Spread Spektrum
CDMA bir 'spread spektrum' teknolojisidir. Yani, CDMA, belirli bir sinyal
LoHULVLQGHNL�ELOJL\L��RUMLQDO�VLQ\DOLQ�EDQG�JHQLúOL÷LQGHQ�ROGXNoD�JHQLú�ELU�EDQGD�\D\DU�
*HQLú�ELU�EDQGD�\D\ÕOPÕú�RODQ�VLQ\DOL� WHVSLW�HWPHN�\DNDODPDN��oRN�J�o�RODFD÷ÕQGDQ
&'0$�WHNQRORMLVLQL�NXOODQDQ�K�FUHVHO�RSHUDW|UOHU�D\UÕFD�|]HO�ELU�NULSWRODPD�WHNQL÷L
NXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕ�GD�WDOHS�HWPH\HFHNOHUGLU�
%LU�&'0$�DUDPDVÕ�VWDQGDUW�GDWD�KÕ]Õ�RODQ������ESV�LOH�EDúODU��%X�VLQ\DO�GDKD
VRQUD� JHQLú� ELU� EDQGD� \D\ÕODUDN� ����� 0ESV� KÕ]ÕQGD� LOHWLOLU�� <D\PD�� ELU� K�FUHGHNL
NXOODQÕFÕODUÕ�ELUELULQGHQ�D\ÕUDQ�VD\ÕVDO�NRGODUÕQ�GDWD�ELWOHULQH�X\JXODQPDVÕ�DQODPÕQD
JHOLU��%X�GDWD�ELWOHUL�EX�K�FUH� LoHULVLQGHNL� �GL÷HU�NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQ�VLQ\DOOHUL� LOH�ELUOLNWH
LOHWLOLU��6LQ\DO�NXOODQÕFÕ�WDUDIÕQGDQ�DOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGD��R�NXOODQÕFÕ�LoLQ�ED]�LVWDV\RQ�WDUDIÕQGD
X\JXODQDQ� NRGXQ� D\QÕVÕ� VLQ\DOH� X\JXODQDUDN� DOÕQPDN� LVWHQLOHQ� VLQ\DOH� WHNUDU� ����
ESV�KÕ]ÕQGD�XODúÕOÕU�
,�����(�&'0$�.DQDOODUÕ
CDMA sistemlerde, hücreden (BTS: Base Transceiver Subsystem) abone
WHUPLQDOLQH��06��0RELOH�6WDWLRQ��GR÷UX�RODQ�OLQN�� LOHUL�OLQN��)RUZDUG�/LQN���DERQH
WHUPLQDOLQGHQ� K�FUH\H� GR÷UX� RODQ� OLQN� LVH� JHUL� OLQN� �5HYHUVH� /LQN�� RODUDN
DGODQGÕUÕOÕU�
øOHUL�/LQN�.DQDOODUÕ�
øOHUL�OLQN�NDQDOODUÕQÕ�SLORW��VHQNURQ��SDJLQJ�YH�LOHUL�WUDILN�NDQDOODUÕ�ROXúWXUXU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 16
���3LORW�.DQDOÕ��3LORW�NDQDOÕ�ED]�LVWDV\RQGDQ�V�UHNOL�RODUDN�\D\ÕPODQDQ�ELU�NDQDOGÕU�YH
MS'in zaman, frekans ve faz olarak baz istasyondan gelen sinyalleri takip etmesini
VD÷ODU��3LORW� VLQ\DOL�E�W�Q�ED]� LVWDV\RQODU� LoLQ�D\QÕ�ROXS�� VDGHFH�EX�VLQ\DOLQ� ID]ÕQÕQ
IDUNOÕOÕ÷Õ�ED]�LVWDV\RQODUÕ�ELUELULQGHQ�D\ÕUPDNWDGÕU�
��� 6HQNURQ� .DQDOÕ�� 6HQNURQ� VLQ\DOL�� SLORW� VLQ\DOLQLQ� ID]� ELOJLVLQL� YH� YHULú� J�F�Q�
06H�ELOGLUHUHN�ED]�LVWDV\RQX�06H�WDQÕWÕU�
��� 3DJLQJ� .DQDO�� 6LVWHP� ELOJLOHULQL� VHQNURQ� VLQ\DOLQGHQ� DODQ� 06�� VLVWHPH� J|UH
]DPDQ�D\DUÕQÕ�\DSDU�YH��SDJLQJ�NDQDOÕQÕ�L]OHPH\H�EDúODU��06H�ELU�DUDPD�JHOGL÷LQGH
06�SDJLQJ�LúOHPLQH�FHYDS�YHULU�YH�DUDPD�NXUPD�YH�WUDILN�NDQDOÕ�WDKVLV�ELOJLVL�SDJLQJ
NDQDO��]HULQGHQ�06H�LOHWLOLU�
���øOHUL�7UDILN�.DQDOÕ��%X�NDQDO�ED]�LVWDV\RQGDQ�06H�GR÷UX�JHUoHN�WHOHIRQ�NRQXúPD
ELOJLVLQL�WDúÕU�
*HUL�/LQN�.DQDOODUÕ�
*HUL�OLQN�NDQDOODUÕ�HULúLP�NDQDOÕ�YH�JHUL�WUDILN�NDQDOÕGÕU�
���(ULúLP�.DQDOÕ��%X�NDQDO�06�ELU�WUDILN�NDQDOÕ�NXOODQPD]NHQ�06GHQ�ED]�LVWDV\RQD
GR÷UX� RODQ� LOHWLúLPL� VD÷ODU�� %X� NDQDO�� DUDPD� EDúODWPD� YH� SDJLQJ� LúOHPLQH� FHYDS
YHUPH�JLEL�LúOHPOHU�LoLQ�NXOODQÕOÕU�
���*HUL�7UDILN�.DQDOÕ��%X�NDQDO�06GHQ��ED]�LVWDV\RQD�GR÷UX�JHUoHN�WHOHIRQ�NRQXúPD
ELOJLVLQL�WDúÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 17
,�����)��.DSDVLWH\L�(WNLOH\HQ�'L÷HU�(WNHQOHU
I.2.2.F.1.Ses Aktivite Tespiti
6HV�DNWLYLWH�WHVSLWL��&'0$�VLVWHPLQLQ�NDSDVLWHVLQL�DUWWÕUDQ�GL÷HU�ELU�|]HOOLNWLU�
&'0$� VLVWHPLQGH� NXOODQÕODQ� GH÷LúNHQ� KÕ]OÕ� VHV� NRGOD\ÕFÕODUÕ� �YDULDEOH� UDWH
YRFRGHUV��� VHV�DNWLYLWHVLQLQ�D]�YH\D�oRN�ROXúXQD�J|UH�NRGOD\ÕFÕ� oÕNÕúÕQGDNL� VLQ\DOLQ
KÕ]ÕQÕ� D]DOWÕU� YH\D� DUWWÕUÕUODU�� %X�� LVWDWLVWLNVHO� RODUDN� &'0$� WDúÕ\ÕFÕVÕ� �]HULQGHNL
WRSODP�DNWLYLWH\L�GL÷HU�ELU�GH÷LúOH�J�U�OW�\���D]DOWÕU��$]DODQ�J�U�OW��VHYL\HVL��&'0$
WDúÕ\ÕFÕVÕ� �]HULQH� GDKD� oRN� NXOODQÕFÕ� \HUOHúWLULOPHVLQH� LPNDQ� YHUHUHN� NDSDVLWH\L
DUWWÕUÕU�
I.2.2.F.2.CDMA Güç Kontrolü
�&'0$� VLVWHPLQLQ� WDVDUÕPÕQGDNL� DQD� KHGHIOHUGHQ� ELUL� GH� E�W�Q� 06OHUGHQ
JHOHQ�VLQ\DOLQ�D\QÕ�J�o�VHYL\HVLQGH�ED]�LVWDV\RQD�XODúPDVÕ�YH�EX�J�o�VHYL\HVLQLQ�GH
P�PN�Q�ROGX÷X�NDGDU�G�ú�N�ROPDVÕQÕ�VD÷ODPDNWÕU��%X�GXUXP�VD÷ODQÕUNHQ�NRQXúPD
NDOLWHVLQLQ�NRUXQPDVÕQD�GD�GLNNDW�HGLOLU��øKWL\Do�GX\XODQGDQ�ID]OD�RODQ�J�o�VHYL\HOHUL
J�U�OW��VHYL\HVLQL�DUWWÕUDFDN�EX�GD�NDSDVLWH\L�D]DOWDFDNWÕU�
&'0$�GD�J�o�NRQWURO����\|QWHPOH�VD÷ODQÕU�
���$oÕN�'|QJ���2SHQ�/RRS��.RQWURO�
���.DSDO�'|QJ���&ORVHG�/RRS��.RQWURO�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 18
$oÕN�G|QJ���NRQWURO�QGH��06�DOÕú�VLQ\DO�VHYL\HVLQH�J|UH�ED]�LVWDV\RQD�NDGDU�RODQ�\RO
ND\ÕSODUÕQÕ�WDKPLQ�HGHU�YH�YHULú�J�F�Q��EXQD�J|UH�D\DUODU�
.DSDOÕ� G|QJ�� NRQWURO��� DoÕN� G|QJ�� NRQWURO�� �]HULQGH� LQFH� ELU� D\DU
\DSÕOPDVÕQÕ� VD÷ODU�� %D]� LVWDV\RQ� 06GHQ� JHOHQ� (E�1R�J�U�OW�� VHYL\HVLQH� J|UH� ELU
ELWWHNL� HQHUML�� VHYL\HVLQL� GDKD� |QFH� EHOLUOHQPLú� RODQ� ELU� VHYL\H� LOH� NDUúÕODúWÕUÕU�
06GHQ� DOÕQDQ� VHYL\H� EHOLUOHQPLú� RODQ� VHYL\HGHQ� G�ú�N� LVH�06H� \XNDUÕ� NRPXWX�
\�NVHNVH� DúD÷Õ� NRPXWX� J|QGHULOLU�� � +DVVDV� J�o� NRQWURO�� HQWHUIHUDQVÕ� D]DOWDFDN� YH
NDSDVLWH\L�DUWWÕUDFDNWÕU�
I.2.2.G. CDMA Ses Kalitesi
&'0$QÕQ� VHV� NDOLWHVL�� VHV� NRGODPD�� HQWHUIHUDQVD� NDUúÕ� GD\DQÕNOÕOÕN�� KDVVDV
J�o� NRQWURO�� YH� KDQGRII� LúOHPOHULQLQ� NHVLQWLVL]� \DSÕODELOPHVL� VHEHSOHUL\OH� ROGXNoD
yüksektir.
���+DWD�7HVSLWL�YH�'�]HOWPH��&'0$GD�KDWD� WHVSLWL�YH�G�]HOWPHVL� LoLQ�JHOLúWLULOPLú
SHN�oRN�DOJRULWPD�YDUGÕU�
���'H÷LúNHQ�+Õ]OÕ�6HV�.RGOD\ÕFÕ���'H÷LúNHQ�KÕ]OÕ�VHV�NRGOD\ÕFÕ�DUND�SODQ�J�U�OW�V�Q�
EDVWÕUDUDN�VHV�NDOLWHVLQL�DUWWÕUÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 19
���*�o�.RQWURO���*�o�NRQWURO��VDGHFH�NDSDVLWH\L�DUWWÕUPDNOD�NDOPD]�YH�HQWHUIHUDQVÕ
PLQLPL]H�HGHUHN�VHV�NDOLWHVLQL�GH�DUWWÕUÕU�
��� 6RIW� +DQGRII�� +DQGRII�� 06LQ� NRQXúPD� DQÕQGD� ED÷ODQWÕGD� � ROGX÷X� K�FUH� LOH
DUDVÕQGDNL� VLQ\DO� GXUXPXQXQ� N|W�OHúPHVL� VHEHEL\OH� \HQL� ELU� K�FUHGHQ� NRQXúPD\D
devam etmesidir. Eski hücresel sistemlerde, yeni hücreye geçilirken eski hücreyle
RODQ� ED÷ODQWÕ� NHVLOGL÷LQGHQ� NRQXúPDGD� DQOÕN� NHVLQWLOHU� ROXU�� &'0$GD� NXOODQÕODQ
VRIW�KDQGRII�\|QWHPL� VD\HVLQGH�NRQXúPD�\HQL�K�FUH\H� DNWDUÕOPDGDQ�GL÷HU�K�FUH� LOH
RODQ�ED÷ODQWÕ�NHVLOPHPHNWHGLU�
5) Diversite:
L��)UHNDQV�'LYHUVLWHVL��&'0$GD�NXOODQÕODQ�JHQLúEDQG�WDúÕ\ÕFÕODU�IUHNDQVWD�ROXúDFDN
ER]XOPDODUD�NDUúÕ�GDKD�GD\DQÕNOÕGÕU�
LL��<RO� �3DWK��'LYHUVLWHVL��%D]� LVWDV\RQ� LOH�06�DUDVÕQGD�ELUGHQ�oRN�5)�\ROX�YDUGÕU�
%X� IDUNOÕ� \ROODUÕ� L]OH\HQ� VLQ\DOOHU� ]DPDQGD� ND\PÕú� ELU� úHNLOGH� DOÕFÕ\D� XODúÕUODU�
7'0$\Õ� NXOODQDQ� VLVWHPOHUGH� EX� GXUXP� DOÕFÕGDNL� VLQ\DO� VHYL\HVLQL� D]DOWÕUNHQ
&'0$\Õ�NXOODQDQ�VLVWHPOHUGH�UDNH�UHFHLYHU�DGÕ�YHULOHQ�06OHU�LoLQ��ELU�DYDQWDMGÕU�
d�QN�� UDNH� UHFHLYHU� IDUNOÕ� \ROODUGDQ� JHOHQ� VLQ\DOOHUL� ]DPDQGD� ND\GÕUDUDN� WRSODU� YH
GDKD�NXYYHWOL�ELU�DOÕú�VLQ\DOL�ROXúWXUXU�
LLL��=DPDQ�'LYHUVLWHVL��&'0$GD�NXOODQÕODQ�LQWHUOHDYLQJ�LúOHPL�VD\HVLQGH�D\QÕ�VLQ\DO
IDUNOÕ�]DPDQODUGD�J|QGHULOHUHN�]DPDQ�GD�GD�GLYHUVLWH�VD÷ODQÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 20
LY�� (QWHUIHUDQVD� .DUúÕ� 'D\DQÕNOÕOÕN�� &'0$� VLVWHPLQGH� � NXOODQÕODQ� JHQLúEDQG
WDúÕ\ÕFÕODU�GDUEDQG�ELU�HQWHUIHUDQVD�NDUúÕ�GDKD�GD\DQÕNOÕGÕU�
,�����+��&'0$�2UWDN�+DYD�øQWHUIH\VL�6WDQGDUWODUÕ
&'0$�RUWDN�KDYD�LQWHUIH\VL�VWDQGDUWODU��
1) Hücresel (849-894 MHz ) - TIA/EIA/IS-95A
2) PCS (1850-1990 MHz) - ANSI J-STD-008
I.2.3.GSM-GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), ETSI (European
7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV�6WDQGDUGV�,QVWLWXWH�� WDUDIÕQGDQ�JHOLúWLULOPLú�ELU�VD\ÕVDO�K�FUHVHO
WHOHIRQ� VWDQGDUWÕGÕU�� $YUXSDQÕQ� \DQÕ� VÕUD� 2UWD� 'R÷X� �ONHOHUL�� $YXVWXUDO\D� YH
$PHULNDGD� NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�� *60� VLVWHPLQLQ� ���� ���L� $PHULNDGD� ROPDN� �]HUH
WRSODP� ��� PLO\RQ� DERQHVL� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� 7�UNL\HGH� ����� \ÕOÕ� EDúODUÕQGD� �
operatörle servise verilen GSM sistemi 1.3 milyon aboneye sahiptir.
*60� VLVWHPL� �������� 0+]� �%D]� LVWDV\RQ� YHULú�� YH� �������� 0+]� �%D]
LVWDV\RQ� DOÕú�� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQÕ� NXOODQPDNWD� ROXS�� ����.+]� DUDOÕNODUOD� \HUOHúWLULOPLú
����NDQDOD�VDKLSWLU��+HU�NDQDOÕ���NXOODQÕFÕ�SD\ODúÕU��6LVWHPLQ�NXOODQGÕ÷Õ�oRNOX�HULúLP
PHWRGX� 7'0$�)'0GLU�� 6LVWHPLQ� NXOODQGÕ÷Õ� PRG�ODV\RQ� WLSL� *06.� �*DXVVLDQ
0LQLPXP�6KLIW�.H\LQJ��ROXS�NDQDO�ELW�KÕ]Õ���������.ELW�VGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 21
I.2.3.A.GSM ªEBEKE YAPISI
*60� úHEHNHVL� �� DOWVLVWHPGHQ� ROXúPDNWDGÕU�� 0RELO� øVWDV\RQ� �06�� 0RELOH
6WDWLRQ���%D]�øVWDV\RQ�$OWVLVWHPL��%66��%DVH�6WDWLRQ�6XEV\VWHP���ùHEHNH�YH�6DQWUDO
$OWVLVWHPL� �166�� 1HWZRUN� DQG� 6ZLWFKLQJ� 6XEV\VWHP�� YH� øúOHWLP� $OWVLVWHPL� �266�
2SHUDWLRQ� 6XEV\VWHP��� 06�%66� DUDVÕQGDNL� LQWHUIH\V� $LU� LQWHUIH\VL�� %66LQ� ELU
DOWELULPL� RODQ� � %76�%DVH� 7UDQVFHLYHU� 6WDWLRQ�� LOH� %6&� DUDVÕQGDNL� LQWHUIH\V� � $ELV
LQWHUIH\VL��%6&�06&�DUDVÕQGDNL�LQWHUIH\V�LVH�$�LQWHUIH\VL�RODUDN�DGODQGÕUÕOÕU�
,�����$���02%ø/�ø67$6<21��06�
0RELO� øVWDV\RQODU��E�W�Q�*60�VLVWHPLQLQ�NXOODQÕFÕODU� WDUDIÕQGDQ�J|U�OHELOHQ
WHN�SDUoDVÕQÕ�WHPVLO�HGHUOHU��06��UDG\R�LQWHUIH\VLQGH�JHUoHNOHúHQ�WUDQVPLV\RQOD�LOJLOL
E�W�Q�IRQNVL\RQODUÕ�\HULQH�JHWLUPHVLQLQ�\DQÕVÕUD��VHUYLVH�|]J��IRQNVL\RQODUÕ�GD�\HULQH
JHWLUHQ� ELU� WHUPLQDO� FLKD]ÕGÕU�� |UQH÷LQ� IDNV� VHUYLVL�� 06OHU�� PRELO� WHUPLQDV\RQ� LOH
WHUPLQDO� FLKD]Õ� DUDVÕQGDNL� JHoLúL� JHUoHNOHúWLUHQ� WHUPLQDO� DGDSW|UOHULGLU�� 'L÷HU� ELU
GH÷LúOH��06OHU�úHEHNH\H�HULúLP�LoLQ�JHUHNOL�IRQNVL\RQODUÕ�\HULQH�JHWLULUNHQ��NXOODQÕFÕ
NLúL\H� �|UQH÷LQ�� PLNURIRQ�� KRSRUO|U�� GLVSOD\� YH� WXúODU�� YH\D� GL÷HU� ELU� WHUPLQDO
FLKD]ÕQD��|UQH÷LQ�3&�YH\D�IDNV�PDNLQDVÕ��RODQ�LQWHUIH\VL�GH�VD÷ODU�
%LU� 06LQ� �� IDUNOÕ� oDOÕúPD� NRQXPX� YDUGÕU�� ,GOH(Serbest) ve 'Dedicated'
�7DKVLVOL�� NRQXPODU�� 06� ,GOH� NRQXPGD� LNHQ� ED]� LVWDV\RQGDQ� �%76�� JHOHQ� \D\ÕP
NDQDOODUÕQÕ� �EURDGFDVW� FKDQQHOV�� GLQOHU�� 'HGLFDWHG� NRQXPGD� LVH�� NRP�QLNDV\RQ
LKWL\DFÕQÕ�NDUúÕODPDN�LoLQ�06H�oLIW�\|QO��ELU�NDQDO�WDKVLV�HGLOPLúWLU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 22
06� WHULPL� JHQHO� RODUDN� 6,0� �6XEVFULEHU� ,GHQWLW\� 0RG�OH�� DG� YHULOHQ� YH
PRELO�FLKD]ÕQ�LoLQH�\HUOHúWLULOHQ�NDUWÕ�GD�LoHULU��6,0��06�LoLQ�ELU�oHúLW�DQDKWDU�YD]LIHVL
J|U�U�� 6,0� NDUW� 06� GHQ� oÕNDUÕOGÕ÷Õ� ]DPDQ� PRELO� LVWDV\RQOD� VDGHFH� DFLO� DUDPDODU
�HPHUJHQF\�FDOOV��\DSÕODELOLU��6,0�NDUW�NXOODQÕFÕ\D�|]J��ELOJLOHUL� LoHULU��$\UÕFD��NÕVD
PHVDMODUÕQ��WHOHIRQ�QXPDUDODUÕQÕQ�YH�WHUFLK�HGLOHQ�úHEHNHOHULQ�OLVWHVLQLQ�VDNODQGÕ÷Õ�\HU
GH� 6,0� NDUWWÕU�� *HUoHN�� ]DPDQ� �FUHWOHQGLUPHVL� �5HDO�WLPH� DGYLFH� RI� FKDUJH�
JHUoHNOHúWL÷LQGH��FUHW�ELOJLOHUL�GH�6,0�NDUWWD�VDNODQDFDNWÕU�
6,0�� DERQH� GR÷UXODPD� �VXEVFULEHU� DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ��� UDG\R� \ROX� úLIUHOHPH� YH
DERQH�NLPOL÷LQL�NRUXPD�JLEL�J�YHQOLNOH�LOJLOL�IRQNVL\RQODUÕ�LoHULU��6,0��D\UÕFD��IDUNOÕ
�ONHOHUH�JHoLúOH�\DSÕODQ�GRODúÕP��URDPLQJ��VÕUDVÕQGD�GD�|QHPOL� URO�R\QDU��6,0�NDUW�
NXOODQÕFÕQÕQ� IDUNOÕ� UDG\R� LQWHUIH\VLQH� VDKLS� VLVWHPOHUL� NXOODQDELOPHVLQH� LPNDQ�YHULU�
.XOODQÕFÕODU� NHQGL� 06OHULQL� \DQODUÕQGD� WDúÕPDN� ]RUXQGD� GH÷LOOHUGLU�� \DOQÕ]FD� 6,0
NDUWODUÕQÕ�\DQODUÕQD�DODUDN�IDUNOÕ�06OHU��]HULQGHQ�IDUNOÕ�úHEHNHOHUH�HULúHELOLUOHU��6,0
NDUWÕQ�NHQGLVL�GH�DERQH�WDUDIÕQGDQ�VHoLOHQ�ELU�SDVVZRUG�LOH�NRUXQDELOLU�
,�����$���%$=�ø67$6<21�$/7�6ø67(0ø��%66�
%66�� K�FUHVHO� UDG\R\D� |]J�� E�W�Q� WUDQVPLV\RQ� LPNDQODUÕQÕ� VD÷ODU�� �� DQD
EULPGHQ� ROXúXU�� %D]� øVWDV\RQ� �%76�� %DVH� 7UDQVFHLYHU� 6WDWLRQ��� %D]� øVWDV\RQ
Kontrolörü (BSC: Base Station Controller) ve Transkoderler (TC: Transcoder).
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 23
%76OHU� 06OHUOH� $LU�+DYD�� DUDELULPL� �]HULQGHQ� GLUHN� NRQWDNWDGÕUODU�
%76OHULQ�IRQNVL\RQODUÕ�DúD÷ÕGDNL�PDGGHOHUOH�|]HWOHQHELOLU�
· Kanal kodlama / kod çözme
· øQWHUOHDYLQJ�GHLQWHUOHDYLQJ� �øQWHUOHDYLQJ�� ELOJL� VLQ\DOLQL� KDYDGD� � ROXúDELOHFHN
ER]XOXPODUD�NDUúÕ�NRUXPDN�LoLQ�JHOLúWLULOPLú�ELU�\|QWHPGLU�
· Kriptolama/dekriptolama
· 6HV�YH�GDWD�LoLQ�KÕ]�DGDSWDV\RQX
· 5)�VLQ\DOLQLQ�J�o�DPSOLILNDV\RQX�YH�ELUOHúWLULOPHVL
· 06�YH�%76�DUDVÕQGDNL�VHQNURQL]DV\RQXQ�VD÷ODQPDVÕ
· .RQWURO�NDQDOODUÕQÕQ�]DPDQ�D\DUÕ
· 06�YH�%76GH�\DSÕODQ�|Oo�POHULQ�%6&\H�LOHWLOPHVL�
%76OHU� %6&\H� WLSLN� �� 0E�V� 3&0� KDWODUÕ� �]HULQGHQ� IDUNOÕ� ED÷ODQWÕ� WLSOHUL
�\ÕOGÕ]��]LQFLU�YH\D�G|QJ���ED÷ODQÕUODU�
%6&�� $LU�+DYD�� LQWHUIH\VLQL� NRQILJ�UH� HGHU� YH� LúOHWLU�� ùHEHNH� YH� 6DQWUDO
$OWVLVWHPLQLQ�DQDKWDUODPD�ELULPOHUL�LOH�WUDQVNRGHUOHU��]HULQGHQ�ED÷ODQWÕ�VD÷ODU��%6&�
NHQGLVLQH� ED÷OÕ� RODQ� %76OHUH� J|QGHUGL÷L� NRPXWODUOD� WUDILN� YH� VLQ\DOOHúPH
NDQDOODUÕQÕQ� WDKVLVLQL�� WUDILN� NDQDOODUÕQÕQ� NDOLWH� YH� DODQ� NXYYHWLQL�� %76� YH�06OHULQ
J�o� VHYL\HVLQL�� SDJLQJ�� KDQGRYHU� YH� IUHNDQV� DWODPD� LúOHPOHULQL� NRQWURO� HGHU�� %6&�
D\UÕFD�� %6&� LOH� 166LQ� ELU� DOW� ELULPL� RODQ� 0RELO� 6HUYLVOHU� $QDKWDUODPD� 0HUNH]L
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 24
�06&�� 0RELOH� 6HUYLFHV� 6ZLWFKLQJ� &HQWHU�� DUDVÕQGDNL� WUDQVPLV\RQ� OLQNLQLQ
LúOHWLPLQGH�GH�URO�DOÕU�
7UDQVNRGHU� IRQNVL\RQHO� RODUDN� %76LQ� ELU� SDUoDVÕGÕU�� *60H� |]J�
NRGODPD�NRG� o|]PH� LúOHPL� LOH� GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQX� GXUXPXQGD� KÕ]� DGDSWDV\RQX
IRQNVL\RQXQX�\DSDU��7&�D\UÕFD�%76GHQ�06H�GR÷UX�RODQ�VHV�DNWLYLWH�WHVSLWLQL�\DSDU�
7&OHU� %76� WDUDIÕQD� YH\D� %6&� WDUDIÕQD� YH� KDWWD�06&� WDUDIÕQD� PRQWH� HGLOHELOLUOHU�
7&OHULQ�%6&�YH\D�06&�WDUDIÕQD�PRQWH�HGLOPHVL�RSHUDW|UOHUH�WUDQVPLV\RQ�OLQNOHULQLQ
PDOL\HWL� DoÕVÕQGDQ� DYDQWDM� VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�� d�QN�� 7&OHU� ��� .ELW�VGDQ� ��� .ELW�VD
JHoLú� \DSPD� IRQNVL\RQXQX� JHUoHNOHúWLUGLNOHULQGHQ�� %76� YH� 7&OHU� DUDVÕQGDNL
WUDQVPLV\RQ� NDSDVLWHVL� ��� .ELW�VD� G�úHU� NL� EX� GD� WUDQVPLV\RQ� LKWL\DFÕ� PDOL\HWLQL
D]DOWÕU�
,�����$���ù(%(.(�9(�6$175$/�$/76ø67(0ø��166�
166� VLVWHPLQLQ� HVDV� URO�� *60� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕ� LOH� GL÷HU� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ
úHEHNHVL� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕ� DUDVÕQGDNL� NRP�QLNDV\RQX� LGDUH� HWPHNWLU�� øNL� IRQNVL\RQHO
SDUoDGDQ�ROXúXU�����6DQWUDO�6LVWHPL�����$ERQH�YH�7HUPLQDO�&LKD]Õ�9HULWDEDQÕ��6DQWUDO
Sistemi, Mobil Servisler Anahtarlama Merkezi (MSC: Mobile Services Switching
&HQWHU�� YH� GL÷HU� VHUYLV� PHUNH]OHULQGHQ� � �gUQH÷LQ�� .ÕVD� 0HVDM� 6HUYLV� 0HUNH]L�
606&�6KRUW�0HVVDJH�6HUYLFH�&HQWHU��ROXúXU��$ERQH�YH�7HUPLQDO�&LKD]Õ�9HULWDEDQÕ�
Ziyaretçi Konum Kaydedici (VLR: Visitor Location Register), Ev Konum Kaydedici
�+/5��+RPH� �/RFDWLRQ�5HJLVWHU���$ERQH�'R÷UXODPD�0HUNH]L�$X&��$XWKHQWLFDWLRQ
&HQWHU��YH�&LKD]�.LPOLN�.D\GHGLFL��(,5��(TXLSPHQW�,GHQWLW\�5HJLVWHU��NÕVÕPODUÕQGDQ
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 25
ROXúXU�� 166LQ� GL÷HU� ELU� IRQNVL\RQHO� SDUoDVÕ� GD� \XNDUÕGD� EDKVHGLOHQ� IRQNVL\RQHO
SDUoDODUÕQ� NDSVDPÕQGD� EXOXQPD\DQ� YH� *60� VSHVLILNDV\RQODUÕQGD� WDQÕPODQPDPÕú
olan Ses Posta Sistemi(VMS: Voice Mail System)'dir.
06&�� 166� LoHULVLQGHNL� WHPHO� DQDKWDUODPD� YH� \|QOHQGLUPH� IRQNVL\RQODUÕQÕ
\HULQH� JHWLULU�� 06&QLQ� IRQNVL\RQX�� VHUYLV� DODQÕ� LoHULVLQGHNL� *60� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQD
GR÷UX�RODQ�YH\D�RQODUGDQ�JHOHQ�DUDPDODUÕQ�ROXúWXUXOPDVÕ�YH�NRRUGLQH�HGLOPHVLGLU�
06&�� D\UÕFD�� DGDSWDV\RQ�JHUHNWLUHQ�GL÷HU� úHEHNHOHUOH�NRP�QLNDV\RQ� LoLQ� GH
ELU�JHoLW�J|UHYL�J|U�U��06&�EX�J|UHYL�DUDoDOÕúPD�IRQNVL\RQODUÕ��,:)V��,QWHUZRUNLQJ
)XQFWLRQV��DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD�\DSDU��,:)�WHPHO�RODUDN�*60�WUDQVPLV\RQ�|]HOOLNOHULQL�GL÷HU
úHEHNHOHULQ� �36'1�� ,6'1� JLEL�� WUDQVPLV\RQ� |]HOOLNOHULQH� DGDSWH� HGHQ� ELU
WUDQVPLV\RQ�SURWRNRO��DGDSWDV\RQ�FLKD]ÕGÕU�
NSS genel olarak birden fazla MSC içerir. Bu durumda, bir veya birkaç MSC
'gateway'(geçit) MSC olarak belirlenir ki bu MSCler konum bilgisini ilgili yerlerden
DOPDN� YH� DUDPDODUÕ� DERQH\H� VHUYLV� YHUHELOHFHN� 06&\H� YH\D� 3671� JLEL� GÕú� ELU
úHEHNH\H�\|QOHQGLUPHNOH�J|UHYOLGLUOHU�
606&QLQ� \D]ÕOÕ� PHVDMODU� LoLQ� �VWOHQGL÷L� URO�� JHoLW� 06&QLQ� VHV� YH� GDWD
DUDPDODUÕ�LoLQ��VWOHQGL÷L�URO�Q�D\QÕVÕGÕU��*60�VSHVLILNDV\RQODUÕ�606&�LOH�LOJLOL�W�P
SURWRNROOHUL� WDP� RODUDN� WDQÕPODPDPÕúWÕU�� EX� VHEHSOH� �UHWLFLOHUH� 606&� NRQXVXQGD
VHUEHVWOLN� YHULOPLúWLU�� %XQXQOD� EHUDEHU�� KHU� 606&�� 06� LOH� 606&� DUDVÕQGD� NÕVD
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 26
PHVDMODUÕQ� LOHWLOPHVLQH� LPNDQ� YHUHFHN� DOW� WDEDND� SURWRNROOHU� LOH� DERQH� XODúÕODELOLU
ROGX÷XQGD� DGUHVLQLQ� DUDúWÕUÕOPDVÕ� LoLQ�+/5Õ� VRUJXOD\DFDN� YH� ELU� NXOODQÕFÕ� \HQLGHQ
XODúÕODELOLU� ROGX÷XQGD� 606&\L� X\DUDFDN� GL÷HU� SURWRNROOHUL� GH� LoHUPHOLGLU�� .ÕVD
PHVDM�VHUYLVL�*60GH�XoWDQ�XFD�WUDILN�\ROX�NXUXOPDVÕQÕ�JHUHNWLUPH\HQ�WHN�VHUYLVWLU�
.ÕVD�PHVDMODU� VLQ\DOOHúPH� NDQDOODUÕQÕ� NXOODQÕUODU� YH� EX� VHEHSOH�06� NRP�QLNDV\RQ
halinde olsa bile iletilebilirler.
+/5��DERQH\H�DLW�VHUYLV�YH�NRQXP�ELOJLOHULQL�LoHUHQ�ELU�YHULWDEDQÕGÕU��+/5GD
her aboneye ait 2 numara bulunur: MSISDN (Mobile Station International ISDN
Number) ve IMSI (International Mobile Station Identity). MSISDN, abonenin servis
VÕQÕIÕQÕ� WDQÕPODU�� ,06,� LVH�KHU�6,0�NDUWÕ� GL÷HUOHULQGHQ� D\ÕUDQ� WHN� QXPDUDGÕU�� ,06,�
+/5��$X&�YH�6,0GH�VDNODQÕU��+/5��D\UÕFD��DUDPDODUÕQ�06LQ�R�DQGD�NDSVDPD�DODQÕ
LoHULVLQGH� EXOXQGX÷X� 06&�9/5D� GR÷UX� \|QOHQGLULU�� d�QN�� +/5� 06LQ� ]L\DUHWoL
ROGX÷X�06&�9/5�DGUHVLQL�ELOLU�YH�JHUHNWL÷LQGH�EX�06&�9/5GDQ�06H�DLW�0651
�0RELOH�6WDWLRQ�5RDPLQJ�1XPEHU��QXPDUDVÕQÕ�DODUDN�JHUHNOL�\|QOHQGLUPHOHUL�\DSDU�
*60� VLVWHPLQGHNL� GL÷HU� ELU� YHULWDEDQÕ� GD�9/5GÕU��9/5ODU� ELU� YH\D� ELUNDo
06&\H�ED÷ODQÕU�YH�EX�06&QLQ�VHUYLV�DODQÕQGD�EXOXQDQ�E�W�Q�DERQHOHULQ�ELOJLOHULQL
içerir.
*60GH�K�FUHOHU�ELUDUD\D�JHOHUHN�GXUXP�DODQODUÕQÕ�ROXúWXUXUODU��06�QH�]DPDQ
LNL� NRQXP� DODQÕQÕQ� DUDVÕQGDNL� VÕQÕUGDQ� JHoVH� YH\D� NDSDWÕOPDGDQ� |QFH� VRQ� RODUDN
EDúDUÕOÕ� ELU� úHNLOGH� ND\GHGLOGL÷L� NRQXP� DODQÕQGDQ� IDUNOÕ� ELU� NRQXP� DODQÕQGD� WHNUDU
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 27
DNWLI� KDOH� JHWLULOVH� NRQXP� J�QFHOOHPH� LúOHPLQL� \DSDUDN� DERQH� ND\GÕQÕ
JHUoHNOHúWLUPH\H�oDOÕúÕU��6RQ�NRQXP�J�QFHOOHPH�LúOHPLQLQ�VRQXFX�6,0GH���VDNODQÕU�
.RQXP�J�QFHOOHPH� LúOHPL�VÕUDVÕQGD�DERQH�ELOJLVL�+/5GDQ�DOÕQDUDN�9/5D�JHWLULOLU�
%|\OHFH�� 9/5�� DERQH� GR÷UXODPD� YH� KDQGRYHU� LúOHPOHULQGH� J|UHY� DOÕU�� NULSWRODPD
LúOHPLQL�GHVWHNOHU�YH�HN�VHUYLVOHUOH�NÕVD�PHVDM�VHUYLVOHULQL�LGDUH�HGHU�
$ERQH� GR÷UXODPD� LoLQ� JHUHNOL� J�YHQOLN� ELOJLVLQLQ� LúOHWLPL� $X&GH� \DSÕOÕU�
*60�úHEHNHVLQL�\HWNLVL]�NXOODQÕPODUD�NDUúÕ�NRUXPDN�LoLQ�EHOOL�LúOHPOHUGHQ��|UQH÷LQ
DUDPD� ROXúWXUPD�� |QFH� DERQH� GR÷UXODPD� LúOHPL� \DSÕOÕU�� 'R÷UXODPD� LúOHPLQLQ
SUHQVLEL�� úHEHNH� WDUDIÕQGDNL� DERQH� GR÷UXODPD� SDUDPHWUHVLQL� �.i) SIM karttaki Ki
SDUDPHWUHVL� LOH�NDUúÕODúWÕUPDNWÕU��$X&��úHEHNH� WDUDIÕQGDNL�.i parametresini saklayan
úHEHNH�HOHPDQÕGÕU�
*60�VSHVLILNDV\RQODUÕQGD�06�LúOHWLPLQH�|]J��ELU�úHEHNH�HOHPDQÕ�RODUDN�(,5
WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU��(,5��PRELO�WHUPLQDOOHU�KDNNÕQGD�ELOJL�LoHUHQ�ELU�YHULWDEDQÕGÕU��%XUDGD
KHU�06�NHQGLVLQH� DLW� ,0(,� �,QWHUQDWLRQDO�0RELOH� (TXLSPHQW� ,GHQWLW\�� QXPDUDV� LOH
ND\ÕWOÕGÕU��(,5GH���IDUNOÕ�,0(,�OLVWHVL�EXOXQXU��%H\D]�OLVWH�WLS�RQD\OÕ�PRELO�FLKD]ODUD
D\UÕOPÕú� ,0(,�QXPDUDODUÕQÕ��JUL� OLVWH�ED]Õ� VHEHSOHUOH� L]OHQPHVL�JHUHNHQ� WHUPLQDOOHUH
DLW� ,0(,� QXPDUDODUÕQÕ� YH� VRQ� RODUDN� GD� VL\DK� OLVWH� oDOÕQPÕú� ROPDVÕ� JLEL� VHEHSOHUOH
NXOODQÕOPDPDVÕ�JHUHNHQ�06OHULQ�,0(,�QXPDUDODUÕQÕ�LoHULU�
6HV� 3RVWD� 6LVWHPL�� VHV� PHVDMODUÕQÕQ� VDNODQPDVÕQÕ� VD÷ODU�� *HOHQ� DUDPDODU
DúD÷ÕGDNL�GXUXPODUGD�DERQHQLQ�VHV�SRVWD�NXWXVXQD�\|QOHQGLULOHELOLU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 28
· 06�PHúJXONHQ�
· 06�NDSVDPD�DODQÕ�GÕúÕQGD\NHQ�
· 06�NDSDOÕ�LNHQ�
· MS cevap vermezken,
· 6HV�SRVWD�NXWXVXQD�NRúXOVX]�DUDPD�\|QOHQGLUPH�DNWLINHQ�
6HV� SRVWD� NXWXVXQD� PHVDM� JHOHQ� DERQHOHU� WHNUDUODQDQ� SRVWD� DUDPDODUÕ� LOH
ELOJLOHQGLULOLU�� *60� VLVWHPL� 606&� VLVWHPL� GH� LoHUL\RUVD�� SRVWD� DUDPDODUÕ� NÕVD
PHVDMODUOD� ELUOHúWLULOHELOLU�� VHV� SRVWD� NXWXVXQD� PHVDM� JHOHQ� ELU� DERQH� NÕVD� PHVDM
J|QGHULOHUHN� ELOJLOHQGLULOLU� YH� SRVWD� DUDPDODUÕ� VDGHFH� NÕVD� PHVDM� LOHWLPL� EDúDUÕVÕ]
ROXUVD� NXOODQÕOÕU�� 906��PHVDM� VDNODPD� ELULPOHUL� LOH� DUDPD��PHVDM� YH� DODUP� LúOHWLP
ELULPOHULQGHQ�ROXúXU�
,�����$���øù/(7ø0�$/7�6ø67(0ø��266�
øúOHWLP�$OWVLVWHPL��RSHUDW|U�Q�*60�VLVWHPLQL� L]OHPHVLQL�YH�NRQWURO�HWPHVLQL
VD÷ODU��7HOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�øúOHWLP�SUHQVLSOHULQH�J|UH� �266�ELU� WDUDIWDQ� �06&��%6&�
+/5�YH�GL÷HUOHUL��%76OHUH�%6&OHU��]HULQGHQ�HULúLOLU��JLEL�DQD�úHEHNH�HOHPDQODUÕQD
ED÷ODQÕUNHQ�� ELU� WDUDIWDQ� GD� LúOHWLP� SHUVRQHOL� LoLQ� JHUHNOL� LQVDQ�PDNLQD� �PDQ�
PDFKLQH��LQWHUIH\VLQL�VD÷ODU��%66�YH�166�FLKD]ODUÕ� LOH� LUWLEDWWD�RODQ�úHEHNH�HOHPDQÕ
øúOHWLP� YH� %DNÕP� 0HUNH]L� �20&�� 2SHUDWLRQ� DQG� 0DLQWHQDQFH� &HQWUH�� RODUDN
DGODQGÕUÕOÕU��20&�WLSLN�RODUDN�úHEHNH\H�DLW�YHULWDEDQÕ�LOH��GL÷HU�úHEHNH�HOHPDQODUÕQD
ED÷OÕ��20&�YHULWDEDQÕQÕ�LúOHWHFHN�ELUNDo�oDOÕúPD�LVWDV\RQXQGDQ�ROXúXU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 29
%LU� *60� úHEHNHVL� ELUNDo� 20&� LoHUHELOLU�� 266�� úHEHNHQLQ�� WUDILN�
KDQGRYHUODU�� EDúDUÕVÕ]� DUDPDODU�JLEL� SDUDPHWUHOHULQGH� \DSWÕ÷Õ� |Oo�POHUOH� RSHUDW|U�Q
NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQD�VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ�VHUYLVLQ�NDOLWHVLQL�V�UHNOL�RODUDN�NRQWURO�HWPHVLQL�VD÷ODU��%X
|]HOOLN�� VLVWHPGHNL� SUREOHPOL� DODQODUÕQ� WHVSLWLQGH� ROGXNoD� ID\GDOÕ� ROXU�� 266�� E�W�Q
úHEHNH� HOHPDQODUÕQGDQ� JHOHQ� DODUPODUÕ� WRSODU�� J|VWHULU� YH� E|\OHFH� RSHUDW|U�Q
VLVWHPGHNL�KDWDODUÕ�WHVSLW�HGHUHN�G�]HOWPHVLQL�VD÷ODU�
,�����%�*60¶ø1�$1$/2*�6ø67(0/(5(�*g5(�$9$17$-/$5,
,�����%���6$<,6$/�.$/ø7(
*60� VD\ÕVDO� KDEHUOHúPHQLQ� W�P� DYDQWDMODUÕQÕ� VXQDU�� 6LQ\DOLQ� ]D\ÕI� ROPDVÕ
YH\D� JLULúLP� YH� J�U�OW�Q�Q� oRN� ROPDVÕ� KDOLQGH� ELOH� EX� VWDQGDUWWD� oDOÕúDQ� úHEHNHOHU
DQDORJ�VWDQGDUWWD�oDOÕúDQ�úHEHNHOHUH�J|UH�GDKD�YHULPOL�oDOÕúÕU�
,�����%���<h.6(.�.$3$6ø7(
*60�� VD\ÕVDO� WHNQRORMLQLQ� LPNDQODUÕQÕ� VRQXQD� NDGDU� NXOODQDUDN� VHVLQ
VÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ� YH� D\QÕ� IUHNDQVWD� ELUGHQ� ID]OD� NRQXúPDQÕQ� D\QÕ� DQGD� \DSÕOPDVÕ
(TDMA) ile daha çok kapasite sunar. Bu, teknolojiler benzer analog sistemlere göre 3
NDW�ID]OD�NRQXúPD�NDSDVLWHVL�VD÷ODU�
,�����%���%ø5/(ù7ø5ø/0øù�6(6�9(�'$7$
*60�VHV�YH�GDWD�KDEHUOHúPHVLQLQ�HQWHJUH�RODUDN�VD÷ODQPDVÕQÕ�HVDV�DOGÕ÷ÕQGDQ
GR÷DO� RODUDN� ELUoRN� GDWD� VHUYLVLQL� GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�� � *60� VD\ÕVDO� ELU� \DSÕGD
ROGX÷XQGDQ�PRGHP� JHUHNWLUPH]�� <DQL�� *60� DERQHVL� JUXS� �� WHoKL]DWODUÕ� YH� *60
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 30
WHOHIRQX�LOH�G�Q\DQÕQ�KHU�\HULQGHQ�IDNV�DOÕS�J|QGHUHELOLU��$\UÕFD��*60�WHOHIRQD�ED÷OÕ
3&0&,$� NDUWÕ� LOH� ODSWRS� ELOJLVD\DUODUD� GLUHN� ED÷ODQÕOÕS� GRV\D� WUDQVIHUL� \DSÕODELOLU�
%XQGDQ�EDúND�
*60� NÕVD� PHVDM� VHUYLVL� �606��� ���� NDUDNWHUH� NDGDU� PHVDM� DOÕPÕ� YH� J|QGHULPLQL
VD÷ODU��(÷HU�WHOHIRQ�NDSDOÕ\VD��PHVDM�VDNODQÕU�YH�WHOHIRQ�DoÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD�WHNUDU�J|QGHULOLU�
+�FUHVHO� <D\ÕQ� �&HOO� %URDGFDVW��� %HOLUOL� ELU� DODQGDNL� W�P� WHOHIRQODUD� D\QÕ� PHVDM
J|QGHULOHELOLU��%X�|]HOOLN�LOH�ILUWÕQD�JHOGL÷L��ND]D�X\DUÕODUÕ��WUDILN�UDSRUODUÕ�JLEL�ELUoRN
ELOJLOHQGLUPH�\DSÕODELOLU��(N� RODUDN�� NXOODQÕFÕ� GH÷LúLN� WLSWHNL�PHVDMODUÕQ� J|VWHULPLQL
ve engellenmesini kontrol edebilir.
I.2.3.B.4.ULUSLARARASI SERBEST DOLAªIM
'H÷LúLN� �ONHOHUGHQ�PRELO� úHEHNH� LúOHWLFLOHUL�� DERQHOHULQH� NHQGL� LPNDQODUÕ\OD
KLoELU� ]DPDQ� VD÷OD\DPD\DFDNODUÕ� NDSODPD� VD÷ODUODU�� )DNDW� EX� úHEHNHOHU�*60�YH\D
RQXQ� W�UHYOHULQGHQ� ELUL� ROPDOÕGÕU�� 8OXVODUDUDVÕ� VHUEHVW� GRODúÕP� RODUDN� DQÕODQ� EX
|]HOOLN� DERQH\H�� EX� úHEHNHOHU� DUDVÕQGD� DQODúPD� YDUVD� EX� úHEHNHOHULQ� EXOXQGX÷X
G�Q\DQÕQ�KHU�\HULQGH�NXOODQÕP�LPNDQÕ�VD÷ODU��'DKD�|QHPOLVL��DERQH\H�G�Q\DQÕQ�KHU
\HULQGH� VDQDO� RODUDN� G�Q\DQÕQ� KHU� \HULQGH� QXPDUDVÕ� LOH� XODúÕODELOLU�� d�QN�� DUD\DQ
VDGHFH� DUDGÕ÷Õ� DERQHQLQ� QXPDUDVÕQÕ� oHYLULU�� QHUHGH� ROGX÷XQX� ELOHPH]�� '�Q\D
JHQHOLQGH� XOXVODUDUDVÕ� VHUEHVW� GRODúÕP� \DOQÕ]FD� *60� YH� RQXQ� W�UHYOHUL� LOH
\DSÕODELOPHNWHGLU�� %X� |]HOOLN� KHP� RSHUDW|UOHU�� KHP� GH� DERQHOHU� WDUDIÕQGDQ� E�\�N
NDEXO� J|UP�úW�U�� ùX� DQGD� ���¶�Q� �]HULQGH� RSHUDW|UOHU� DUDVÕ� LNLOL� DQODúPDODU
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 31
\DSÕOPÕúWÕU�� $ERQHOHU� WDUDIÕQGDQ� GD� PLO\RQODUFD� XOXVODUDUDVÕ� VHUEHVW� GRODúÕP
NRQXúPDVÕ�\DSÕOPDNWDGÕU�
,�����%���*(1øù�6(59ø6�<(/3$=(6ø
%LU� oRN� VHUYLV� *60� VWDQGDUWODUÕQGD� WDQÕPODQPÕú� ROXS� HYUHOHU� KDOLQGH
JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHNWHGLU��øON�LNLVL��ID]���YH�ID]����úX�DQGD�JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLú�ROXS�JOREDO
RODUDN� úHEHNHOHUH�GD÷ÕWÕOPÕúWÕU��%XQGDQ� VRQUDNL� HYUH� ID]� ��� ROXS�� VWDQGDUW� NRPLWHVL
WDUDIÕQGDQ� JHQLú� ELU� VHUYLV� \HOSD]HVL� SODQODQPÕúWÕU�� 6HUYLVOHULQ� NXOODQÕODELOLUOL÷L
RSHUDW|UOHUH�J|UH�GH÷LúPHNWHGLU�
FAZ 1 servisleri:
dD÷UÕ�<|QOHQGLUPH���&DOO�)RUZDUGLQJ��
$ERQHQLQ�� oHúLWOL� GXUXPODUGD�� JHOHQ� DUDPDODUÕ� EDúND� QXPDUDODUD� YH\D� YRLFH� PDLO
QXPDUDVÕQD� \|QOHQGLULOHELOLU�� %X� GXUXPODU�� ùDUWVÕ]�� DERQH� PHúJXO�� FHYDS� \RN�
DERQH\H�XODúÕODPÕ\RU�
dD÷UÕ�.ÕVÕWODPD���&DOO�%ORFNLQJ��
.XOODQÕFÕQÕQ�� oHúLWOL� GXUXPODUGD�� JHOHQ� YH\D� JLGHQ� DUDPDODUÕ� NÕVÕWODPDVÕQD� LPNDQ
YHULU��%X�GXUXPODU��%�W�Q�oÕNDQ�DUDPDODU��oÕNDQ�XOXVODUDUDVÕ��oÕNDQ�XOXVODUDUDVÕ�+/5
GÕúÕ��VHUEHVW�GRODúÕPGD�LNHQ�XOXVODUDVÕ�DUDPDODU�
.ÕVD�0HVDM�6HUYLVL��606��
*60�WHOHIRQXQXQ�����NDUDNWHUH�NDGDU�PHVDM�DOÕPÕQÕ�YH\D�J|QGHULPLQL�VD÷ODU�
Sesli Mesaj (Voice Mail):
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 32
ùHEHNH� WDUDIÕQGDQ� �UHWLOHQ� PHVDMODU� YH\D� NÕVD� PHVDM� |]HOOLNOHULQLQ� NXOODQÕPÕ� LOH
üretilen mesajlar.
Faks/Data:
)DNV�*UXS���YH\D�GDWD�����.E�V��GRV\DODUÕQÕQ�ELOJLVD\DUD�DOÕQÕS�J|QGHULOPHVL�
8OXVODUDUDVÕ�6HUEHVW�'RODúÕP��,QWHUQDWLRQDO�5RDPLQJ��
ùHEHNHOHU�DUDVÕ�VHUEHVW�GRODúÕP�DQODúPDVÕ�ROGX÷X�WDNGLUGH��DERQHOHULQ��HY�úHEHNHOHUL
GÕúÕQGDNL�úHEHNHOHU��]HULQGHQ�NRQXúPD�\DSDELOPHVL�
FAZ 2 servisleri:
Ücretlendirme Tavsiyesi (Advice of Charge):
$ERQH\L�NXOODQÕP�VRQXQGD�ROXúDQ��FUHWOHU�KDNNÕQGD�ELOJLOHQGLULU�
Arayan Numara Belirlenmesi (Calling Line Identification):
$UD\DQ�WDUDIÕQ�WXPDUDVÕ�EHOLUOHQHUHN�HNUDQGD�J|VWHULOLU�
dD÷UÕ�%HNOHWPH��&DOO�:DLWLQJ��
6�UHQ� NRQXúPD� HVQDVÕQGD� EDúND� ELU� DUDPD� JHOGL÷LQGH� PHYFXW� J|U�úPH� EHNOHPH\H
DOÕQDELOLU�
dD÷UÕ�7XWPD��&DOO�+ROG��
6�UHQ�NRQXúPDQÕQ�EHNOHPH\H�DOÕQPDVÕ�
.RQIHUDQV�*|U�úPH��&RQIHUHQFH�&DOO��
.XOODQÕFÕQÕQ�ELUGHQ�ID]OD�NLúL�LOH�D\QÕ�DQGD�J|U�úHELOPHVL�
.DSDOÕ�.XOODQÕFÕ�*UXSODUÕ��&ORVHG�8VHU�*URXS��
$UDPDODUÕ� WDQÕPOÕ�ELU�JUXS�DERQH� LoLQGH�NÕVÕWOD\DUDN��GDKD�G�ú�N�NXOODQÕP��FUHWOHUL
VD÷ODQPDVÕ�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 33
FAZ 2+ servisleri:
· øú�NHVLPLQH�\|QHOLN�VDQDO�úHEHNH�YH�QXPDUDODPD�SODQODUÕ�
· *HOLúPLú�GDWD�KL]PHWOHUL��\�NVHN��KÕ]OÕ�DQDKWDUODPDOÕ�GDWD�WUDQVPLV\RQX�
· PCS1900/DCS1800 ile çift band kapasite.
· *60�YHULPOLOL÷LQLQ�DUWWÕUÕOPDVÕ�LoLQ�oHúLWOL�HN�VHUYLVOHU�
,�����%���*$5$17ø��*h9(1/ø.
*60� WHOHIRQXQXQ� oDOÕúPDVÕ� LoLQ� WHOHIRQD� 6,0�6XEVFULEHU� ,GHQWLW\� 0RGXOH�
DGÕ�YHULOHQ�N�o�N�ELU�NDUWÕQ�WDNÕOPDVÕ�JHUHNLU���$FLO�����DUDPDODUÕ�KDULo�
6,0� NDUW� ND\ÕWOÕ� DERQH� ELOJLOHULQL� LoHUHQ� ELU�PLNURoLS� LoHULU�� LNL� WHPHO� LúOHY
sunar:
øONL�� NXOODQÕFÕQÕQ� ND\ÕWOÕ� ELU� DERQH� ROXS� RoPDGÕ÷ÕQÕQ� NRQWUROX�� LNLQFLVL� LVH�
DERQHOLN�NDUWWD�WDQÕPOÕ�ROXS��NDUW�VD\HVLQGH�G�Q\DGDNL�KHUKDQJL�ELU�*60�WHOHIRQXQXQ
NXOODQÕOPDVÕ�JDUDQWLOHQLU��'L÷HU�J�YHQOLN�|QOHPOHULQGHQ�ELULVL�GH��NXOODQÕOPDNWD�RODQ
WHOHIRQ� FLKD]ÕQÕQ� \DVDO� ROXS� ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕQ� NRQWUROXGXU�� $\UÕFD�� VD\ÕVDO� úLIUHOHPH
NXOODQÕPÕ�LOH�GH�NRQXúPD�YH�GDWD�KDEHUOHúPHVLQLQ�J�YHQOL÷L�DUWWÕUÕOÕU�
6HUEHVW� GRODúÕP� IUHNDQVWDQ� ED÷ÕPVÕ]GÕU�� <DQL�� DERQHOHU� *60� VWDQGDUWODUÕQÕ
GHVWHNOH\HQ� GH÷LúLN� úHEHNHOHU� �*60�� '&6����� YH\D� 3&6������ DUDVÕQGD� VHUEHV
GRODúÕP�\DSDELOLU�YH�D\QÕ�6,0�NDUWÕQÕ�NXOODQÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 34
,�����%���$d,.�6ø67(0
øQWHUIH\VOHUL� L\L� WDQÕPODQDQ�DoÕN�ELU�VLVWHP�RODUDN�*60������0+]�EDQGÕQGD
oDOÕúDQ�GL÷HU�K�FUHVHO�VLVWHPOHUOH�ELUOLNWH�EXOXQDELOLU�
I.2.4.DCS 1800-DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM 1800
'&6�������*60�VWDQGDUWODUÕQÕ�NXOODQDQ����QHVLO��K�FUHVHO�YH�VD\ÕVDO�ELU�PRELO
KDEHUOHúPH� WHNQRORMLVLGLU�� (76,�(XURSHDQ�7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV� 6WDQGDUGV� ,QVWLWXWH�
WDUDIÕQGDQ� ����� \ÕOÕQGD� WDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU� YH� LON� '&6� ����� úHEHNHVL� ����� \ÕOÕ� (NLP
D\ÕQGD�VHUYLVH�YHULOPLúWLU�
'�Q\DGD� ��¶QLQ� �]HULQGH� oDOÕúDQ� *60� úHEHNHVL� PHYFXWNHQ�� �¶VÕ� VHUYLV
KDOLQGH� RODQ� ��� FLYDUÕQGD� '&6� ����� úHEHNHVL� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� 7LFDUL� RODUDN� VHUYLV
YHUHQ�'&6������ úHEHNHOHUL�� ,QJLOWHUH¶GH�2UDQJH�YH�0HUFXU\�2QH�2QH��7D\ODQG¶GD
TAC Worldphone, Almanya�da Eplus, Fransa�da Bouygues Telecom, Isviçre�de
6ZLVV� 377¶GLU�� +RQJ� .RQJ¶GD� �� '&6� ����� OLVDQVÕQÕQ� YHULOHFH÷L� NHVLQOHúPLú
EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� $\UÕFD�� $YUXSD� %LUOL÷L�� �\HOHULQLQ� HQ� D]� ELU� '&6� ����� úHEHNHVL
OLVDQVÕ�YHUPHVLQL�|QHUPLúWLU�
'&6� ����¶�Q� .X]H\� $PHULND¶GD� NXOODQÕODQ� YHUVL\RQX� RODQ� '&6� ����¶�Q
$PHULND¶QÕQ�3&6��3HUVRQDO�&RPPXQLFDWLRQV�6HUYLFHV��VLVWHPL�RODUDN�\D\JÕQODúPDVÕ
EHNOHQPHNWHGLU��'&6�������$PHULND¶QÕQ�VWDQGDUWODU�RWRULWHVL�RODQ� �$16,�$PHULFDQ
1DWLRQDO�6WDQGDUGV�,QVWLWXWH��WDUDIÕQGDQ�NDE�O�HGLOHFHN�RODQ�LON�3&6�VWDQGDUWÕGÕU��ùX
DQGD� �� $PHULNDQ� 3&6� RSHUDW|U�� '&6� ����� WHNQRORMLVLQL� NXOODQDFD÷ÕQÕ� DoÕNODPÕú
EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 35
· Pasific Bell Mobile Services
· Bellsouth
· American Personal Communications (APC)
· GO Communications Corporation
· Micro Cell 1-2-1
'&6�*60� WHNQRORMLVLQLQ� .X]H\� $PHULND¶GDNL� EDúDUÕVÕ� J|]|Q�QGH
EXOXQGXUXODUDN� EX� WHNQRORMLQLQ� E�\�N� ELU� RODVÕOÕNOD� *�QH\� $PHULND¶GD� GD
NXOODQÕODFD÷Õ�VDQÕOPDNWDGÕU�
7$%/2���¶WH�GH�J|U�OG�÷��JLEL���*60�LOH�'&6������DUDVÕQGD�IUHNDQV�EDQGÕ
YH�NDQDO�VD\ÕVÕ�GÕúÕQGD�oRN�E�\�N�IDUNOÕOÕNODU�EXOXQPDPDNWDGÕU�
,�����$�'&6������ø/(��*60�$5$6,1'$.ø�)$5./$5
· '&6�������*60¶H� J|UH� \�NVHN� IUHNDQVWD� oDOÕúPDNWD� YH� GDKD� JHQLú� ELU� IUHNDQV
EDQGÕQÕ� NXOODQPDNWDGÕU�*60¶H� �[���0+]� �� �������� �� ��������0+]� �� WDKVLVOL
LNHQ�� '&6� ����� �[��� 0+]� ����������� �� ���������� 0+]�� JHQLúOL÷LQGH� ELU
EDQGGD�oDOÕúPDNWDGÕU�
· '&6�����¶GH�WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�VD\ÕVÕ�GDKD�ID]OD�ROGX÷XQGDQ�VÕNÕúPD�ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ�K�FUHOHUH
\HQL�WDúÕ\ÕFÕODU�NROD\OÕNOD�HNOHQHELOLU�YH�EX�GD�VLVWHP�NDSDVLWHVLQL�DUWWÕUÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 36
· '&6������LoLQ�GDKD�G�ú�N�YHULú�J�F��VHYL\HOHUL�VHoLOPLúWLU���'&6�����¶GH���:
ve 0.25 W, GSM�de 0.8 W, 2 W, 5 W, 8 W ve 20 W).
· '&6� ����¶GHNL� G�ú�N� J�o� VHYL\HVL�� \�NVHN� SURSDJDV\RQ� ND\ÕSODUÕ� LOH� EHUDEHU
GDKD� G�ú�N� UDG\R� HULúLP� X]DNOÕ÷ÕQD� EX� GD� GDKD� N�o�N� \DUÕoDSOÕ� K�FUHOHULQ
NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD�VHEHS�ROXU��%X�|]HOOLN�'&6�����¶��\R÷XQ�Q�IXVOX�NHQWVHO�DODQODUD
oRN�X\JXQ�KDOH�JHWLULU��%HQ]HU�E�\�NO�NWHNL�ELU�DODQGD�'&6�������OLVDQVO�IUHNDQV
EDQGÕQÕQ�JHQLúOL÷LQH�ED÷OÕ�RODUDN�*60¶H�J|UH���NDW�GDKD�ID]OD�NDSDVLWH�VD÷ODU�
· .HQWVHO� ELU� DODQGD� '&6� ����¶�Q� WLSLN� K�FUH� \DUÕoDSÕ� ���� NP�� LOH� �� NP�
DUDVÕQGDGÕU��.ÕUVDO�DODQGD�LVH����NP��\DUÕoDSOÕ�K�FUHOHU�ROXúWXUPDN�P�PN�QG�U�
*60�LOH��NÕUVDO�DODQGD����NP��\DUÕoDSÕQÕ�DúPDN�P�PN�QG�U�
· '&6�����¶GH�NDSVDPD�DODQÕ�GDKD�G�ú�N�ROGX÷XQGDQ�K�FUH�EDúÕQD�GDKD�D]�WUDILN
G�úHFHN�YH�K�FUH�DúÕUÕ�\�NOHQPH\HFHNWLU�
· Bir GSM operatörü için tipik frekans tahsisi 2x5 MHz iken, DCS 1800 operatörü
için tipik frekans tahsisi 2x15 MHz�dir.
· 7HRULN�RODUDN��'&6�����¶�Q�KDW�ND\EÕ�*60¶GH�ROGX÷XQGDQ���G%�GDKD�E�\�NW�U�
· GSM�e ait sistemler fazla enerji tüketirken, DCS 1800�ün enerji tüketimi daha
D]GÕU�
· '&6� ����¶GH� GDKD� oRN� ED]� LVWDV\RQ� NXUXOPDVÕ� JHUHNWL÷LQGHQ� ED]� LVWDV\RQXQ
E�\�NO�÷��YH�PRQWDMÕQÕQ�NROD\OÕ÷Õ�*60¶H�J|UH�GDKD� ID]OD�|QHP�DU]HWPHNWHGLU�
'&6������ED]�LVWDV\RQODUÕ��*60�ED]�LVWDV\RQODUÕQD�J|UH�GDKD�N�o�NW�U�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 37
I.2.4.B. NEDEN DCS 1800 ? :
*60�VLVWHPLQGHQ�'&6������VLVWHPLQH�JHoLúLQ�HQ�|QHPOL� VHEHEL�*60¶GHNL
WDúÕ\ÕFÕ�VD\ÕVÕQÕQ�|]HOOLNOH�E�\�N�úHKLUOHUGH�WUDILN�NDSDVLWHVLQH�FHYDS�YHUHPHPHVLGLU�
*60�VLVWHPLQGHNL�EX�\HWHUVL]OLN�oHúLWOL�X\JXODPDODUOD��o|]�OHELOLU�
· %D]� LVWDV\RQ�J�F��D]DOWÕODUDN�NDSVDPD�DODQÕ� N�o�OW�OHELOLU��$QFDN�EX�X\JXODPD
PRELO� WHUPLQDO� LOH� ED]� LVWDV\RQ� DUDVÕQGDNL� J�o� GHQJHVLQL� ER]DFD÷ÕQGDQ� L\L� ELU
o|]�P�GH÷LOGLU�
· %D]� LVWDV\RQODUÕQ� NDSVDPD� DODQÕ� N�o�OW�OHUHN� K�FUH� EDúÕQD� WUDILN� GH÷HUOHUL
D]DOWÕODELOLU�YH�K�FUH�LODYHOHUL� LOH� WDP�NDSVDPD�VD÷ODQDELOLU��$QFDN�EX�X\JXODPD
GD�VÕQÕUOÕ�ELU�X\JXODPDGÕU�
· 6LVWHP� NDSDVLWHVLQL� DUWWÕUPDN� LoLQ� D\QÕ� WDúÕ\ÕFÕODU� G�]HQOL� WHNUDUODQÕPÕ� ER]DFDN
úHNLOGH�\HQLGHQ�NXOODQÕODELOLU��%X�GXUXPGD�GD��D\QÕ�WDúÕ\ÕFÕODU�QRUPDOGHQ�GDKD�VÕN
WHNUDUODQDUDN� NXOODQÕODFD÷ÕQGDQ� úHEHNHGHNL� LúDUHW� NDUÕúPDODUÕ� DUWDFDN� YH� NDOLWH
G�úHFHNWLU�
*60� VLVWHPLQLQ� NDSDVLWHVLQL� DUWWÕUPD\D� \|QHOLN� EX� X\JXODPDODUÕQ� ED]Õ
SUREOHPOHUH�\RO�DoPDVÕ�VHEHEL\OH�
· 'DKD�ID]OD�NDQDO�VD\ÕVÕ�
· Yüksek trafik kapasitesi,
· ùHEHNHQLQ�VD÷OÕNOÕ�RODUDN�JHOLúPH�LPNDQÕ�
· .�o�N�K�FUH�NDSVDPD�DODQÕ�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 38
· '�ú�N�J�oO��FHS�WHOHIRQX�NXOODQÕPÕ
LPNDQODUÕ�VD÷OD\DQ�'&6������VLVWHPLQH�JHoLú�NDoÕQÕOPD]GÕU�
I.2.4.C.DCS 1800�ÜN UYGULAMA ALANLARI
'&6� ����¶�Q� NXOODQÕODELOHFH÷L� X\JXODPD� DODQODUÕ� |QFHOLN� VÕUDVÕQD� J|UH
DúD÷ÕGD�EHOLUWLOPLúWLU�
· Metropolitan merkezler,
· %�\�N�úHKLUOHU�
· Turistik yöreler,
· 2UWD�|OoHNOL�úHKLUOHU�
· Yollar,
· Kasaba ve köyler.
I.2.5.PDC-PERSONAL DIGITAL CELLULAR
3'&� �3HUVRQDO� 'LJLWDO� &HOOXODU��� -DSRQ\D¶GD� NXOODQÕOPDNWD� RODQ� ELU� VD\ÕVDO
K�FUHVHO�WHOHIRQ�VWDQGDUWÕGÕU��3'&����������0+]��%D]�LVWDV\RQ�YHULú����������0+]
�%D]� LVWDV\RQ� DOÕú�� LOH� ����������0+]� �%D]� LVWDV\RQ� YHULú������������0+]� �%D]
LVWDV\RQ� DOÕú�� IUHNDQV� EDQGODUÕQÕ� NXOODQÕU�� 6LVWHP� ��� .+]� DUDOÕNODUOD� \HUOHúWLULOPLú
����� NDQDOD� VDKLSWLU�� � +HU� NDQDOÕ� �� NXOODQÕFÕ� SD\ODúÕU�� 6LVWHPLQ� NXOODQGÕ÷Õ� oRNOX
HULúLP�PHWRGX�7'0$�)'0¶GLU��0RG�ODV\RQ�WLSL�p���'436.�ROXS��NDQDO�ELW�KÕ]Õ���
.E�V¶GÕU�� � 6LVWHP� oHúLWOL� ID]ODU� KDOLQGH� X\JXODQPDNWDGÕU�� 5HYL]\RQ� %� ID]Õ�� WHPHO
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 39
DUDPDODU� LOH� � IDNV�GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQXQX� GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU��5HYL]\RQ�&� ID]Õ�� \DUÕ�KÕ]
�KDOI�UDWH��NRGODPD\Õ��5HYL]\RQ�'�ID]Õ�JHOLúPLú�GDWD�VHUYLVOHULQL�����.E�V�IDNV��KÕ]OÕ
PRGHPOHU��� 5HYL]\RQ� (� ID]� LVH� SDNHW� GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQXQX� GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�
6LVWHPLQ�+D]LUDQ������WDULKL�LWLEDUÕ\OD�����PLO\RQ�DERQHVL�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
,,��.$%/268=�7(/()21�6ø67(0/(5ø
,,����$1$/2*�.$%/268=�7(/()21�6ø67(0/(5ø
$QDORJ� NDEORVX]� WHOHIRQ� VLVWHPL� VWDQGDUWODUÕQÕQ� WHNQLN� |]HOOLNOHUL
TABLO.4.�te görülmektedir.
hONHPL]GH� &7�� YH� &7��� VWDQGDUGÕQGDNL� WHOHIRQODU� NXOODQÕOPDNWD� ROXS� EX
WHOHIRQODUD�7�UN�7HOHNRP�$�ù��WDUDIÕQGDQ�2QD\�%HOJHVL�YHULOPHNWHGLU�
,,����6$<,6$/�.$%/268=�7(/()21�6ø67(0/(5ø��7$%/2����
II.2.1.CT-2�CORDLESS TELEPHONE 2
%LULQFL�QHVLO�WHOVL]�WHOHIRQ�VLVWHPOHULQGHNL�HNVLNOLNOHU��ED]Õ�øQJLOL]�ILUPDODUÕQÕQ
VD\ÕVDO�NDEORVX]�WHOHIRQ��UHWPH\H�EDúODPDODUÕQD�VHEHS�ROGX��&7��RODUDN�DGODQGÕUÕODQ
VWDQGDUW��%6������YH�037������ LVLPOHUL\OH�� �����\ÕOÕQGD� øQJLOWHUH¶GH� UHVPL�RODUDN
\D\ÕQODQGÕ�� &7��� HVDV� RODUDN� WHOHSRLQW� �� µ7HOHSRLQW¶� øQJLOWHUH¶GH� JHOLúWLULOHQ� YH
3671¶H� HULúLP� LoLQ� WHOVL]� WHNQRORMLOHULQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD� � GD\DOÕ� ELU� NDYUDPGÕU�
µ7HOHSRLQW¶OHU�LQVDQODUÕQ�\R÷XQ�RODUDN�EXOXQGX÷X�\HUOHUH�NXUXODQ�oRN�NDQDOOÕ�YH�oRN
KDWOÕ� ED]� LVWDV\RQODUGÕU��� X\JXODPDODUÕ� LoLQ� JHOLúWLULOPLú� ROPDNOD� EHUDEHU�� NRQXW� YH
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 40
RILV� SD]DU�:3%;�� :LUHOHVV� 3ULYDWH� %UDQFK� ([FKDQJH�LoLQ� WDVDUODQDQ� NDEORVX]
FLKD]ODUÕ�GD�LoHUPHNWHGLU��&7���VWDQGDUGÕQÕQ�NDE�O�HGLOPHVL��RUWDN�KDYD�LQWHUIH\VLQLQ
�&$,��&RPPRQ�$LU�øQWHUIDFH�� WDQÕPODQPDPÕú�ROPDVÕ�VHEHEL\OH�J�oOHúWL��%X�GXUXP�
IDUNOÕ� �UHWLFLOHUH� DLW� PRELO� LVWDV\RQODUOD�NDEORVX]� WHOHIRQODU�� ED]� LVWDV\RQODUÕQ
ELUELUOHUL� LOH� J|U�úHPHPHVLQH� VHEHS� ROX\RUGX�� 6RQXo� RODUDN� GDKD� GHWD\OÕ� ELU� &7��
VWDQGDUWÕ� JHOLúWLULOGL� �&7��� &$,�� YH� 037� ����� DGÕ\OD� � ����� \ÕOÕQGD� øQJLOWHUH¶GH
UHVPHQ�\D\ÕQODQGÕ�
&7���YH�&7���&$,¶QLQ�RUWDN�|]HOOLNOHUL�úXQODUGÕU�
· +HU�LNLVL�GH�)'0$�7''�WUDQVPLV\RQ�WHNQL÷LQH�GD\DOÕGÕU�
· +HU�LNLVL�GH�VD\ÕVDO�VHV�NRGODPD�WHNQLNOHULQL�NXOODQÕU�
· Her ikisi de dinamik kanal tahsisini(DCA-Dynamic Channel Allocation)
destekler.
&7���&$,�LoLQ�VHoLOHQ�NRGHU�����.E�V�$'3&0¶L�NXOODQÕU��.DEORVX]�FLKD]ODU
HVDV� RODUDN� VDELW� úHEHNHQLQ� ELU� X]DQWÕVÕ� ROGX÷XQGDQ� VLQ\DO� LúOHPHGHQ� GR÷DQ
JHFLNPHOHULQ� �� PV� OLPLWL� LoHULVLQGH� NDOPDV� JHUHNPHNWHGLU�� 7''� WUDQVPLV\RQ� VHV
\ROXQGD� �PV�¶OLN� ELU� JHFLNPH\H� VHEHS� ROGX÷XQGDQ�� ��� .E�V¶OLN� NRGHN� VHV� VLQ\DOL
LúOHPH� ]DPDQÕQÕQ� JHUL\H� NDODQ� �� PV�¶OLN� OLPLW� LoHULVLQGH� NDOPDVÕQÕ� VD÷ODPDN� LoLQ
NXOODQÕODELOHFHN� WHN� DOWHUQDWLIWLU�� ���P:¶OÕN�PDNVLPXP� oÕNÕú� J�F�� LOH� NDSVDPD�� Lo
PHNDQODUGD����P����GÕú�PHNDQODUGD�LVH�����P�¶\H�NDGDU�GH÷LúLU��'L÷HU��ONHOHULQ�&7�
�¶QXQ� NDE�O�QGH� GDKD� LKWL\DWOÕ� GDFUDQPDVÕQD� NDUúÕOÕN�� øQJLOWHUH¶QLQ� 7LFDUHW� YH
(QG�VWUL�%DNDQOÕ÷Õ�� ������������0+]� EDQGÕQGDNL� ��� DGHW� ����.+]¶OLN� NDQDOÕ� &7�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 41
�¶\D�WDKVLV�HWPLúWLU�
&7��� HVDV� RODUDN� HY� YH� RILV� SD]DUÕQGD� NDEORVX]� WHOHIRQ� KL]PHWL� YHUPHN� YH
WHOHSRLQW�X\JXODPDODUÕQGD�NXOODQÕOPDN��]HUH�WDVDUODQPÕúWÕU�
CT-2;
· øQJLOWHUH¶GH�HY��RILV�YH�WHOHSRLQW�X\JXODPDODUÕ�LoLQ��JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU�
· 6LVWHPLQ��JHOLúWLULOPHVL�)HUUDQWL��3OHVVH\��6KD\H�YH�67&�ILUPDODUÕQGDQ�ROXúDQ�ELU
NRQVRUVL\XP�WDUDIÕQGDQ�VD÷ODQPÕúWÕU�
· .�o�N� NDSDVLWHOL� 3%;� �3ULYDWH� %UDQFK� ([FKDQJH�� SD]DUÕQD� KLWDE� HWPHVL
DPDoODQPÕúWÕU�
· '(&7¶WHQ�|QFH�VWDQGDUWODúPÕúWÕU�
· )'0$��YH�IUHNDQV�ND\GÕUPDOÕ�DQDKWDUODPD�WHNQLNOHULQL�NXOODQÕU�
· (Y�LoHULVLQGH�LNL�\|QO��DUDPDODUD� �JLUHQ�YH�oÕNDQ�� L]LQ�YHULU��DQFDN�HYLQ�GÕúÕQGD
YH�\DNÕQÕQGD�VDGHFH�oÕNDQ�DUDPDODUD�L]LQ�YHULU�
· øOHUL�VHUYLVOHUL�GHVWHNOHPHN�NRQXVXQGDNL�\HWHQHNOHUL�VÕQÕUOÕGÕU�
II.2.2. DECT-DIGITAL EUROPEAN CORDLESS TELEPHONE
'(&7� VWDQGDUWÕ� �]HULQGHNL� oDOÕúPDODU� ����¶LQ� EDúODUÕQGD� &(37� WDUDIÕQGDQ
EDúODWÕOGÕ��(76,�(XURSHDQ�7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV�(QVWLWXWH�� µQLQ�NXUXOPDVÕQGDQ�VRQUD
'(&7�VSHVLILNDV\RQX��]HULQGHNL�oDOÕúPDODU�(76,¶QLQ�WHNQLN�DOW�NRPLWHOHULQGHQ�5(6
�¶H�DNWDUÕOGÕ�YH�+D]LUDQ�����¶GH�'(&7�VWDQGDUWÕ��]HULQGHNL�oDOÕúPDODU�WDPDPODQGÕ��
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 42
øON� '(&7� VLVWHPL� ����� \ÕOÕQGD� NXUXOPXú� ROXS�� ����� \ÕOÕ� VRQX� LWLEDUÕ\OD� �
PLO\RQGDQ�ID]OD�'(&7�WHUPLQDOL�NXOODQÕPGDGÕU�
'(&7�� &7��� VWDQGDUÕQD� EHQ]HU� RODUDN� NDEORVX]� WHOHIRQ� VLVWHPLQLQ� LOHUL
X\JXODPDODUÕQD�SODWIRUP�KD]ÕUODPDN�LoLQ�WDVDUODQPÕú�ELU�VWDQGDUWWÕU��%X�X\JXODPDODU
NRQXW� oHYUHVLQGH� NXOODQÕODELOHQ� NDEORVX]� WHOHIRQODU� LOH� :3%;�:LUHOHVV� 3ULYDWH
%UDQFK�([FKDQJH��YH�:/$1�:LUHOHVV�/RFDO�$UHD�1HWZRUN���X\JXODPDODUÕQÕ�LoHULU�
&7��� VWDQGDUWÕQÕQ� WHUVLQH� '(&7�� ���������� *+]� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQGD� oDOÕúÕU�
'(&7� GDKD� \�NVHN� GDWD� KÕ]ODUÕQÕ� NXOODQÕ� YH� EX� VHEHSOH� GDKD� \�NVHN� WUDQVPLV\RQ
J�F�� JHUHNWLULU�� &7��� )'0$¶\D� GD\DQÕUNHQ�� '(&7�� 7'0$�7''� WUDQVPLV\RQ
WHNQL÷LQL�NXOODQÕU��'(&7¶GH�����NRQXúPD�NDQDOÕ�YDUNHQ�&7��¶GD�VDGHFH����NRQXúPD
NDQDOÕ�PHYFXWWXU��'(&7¶LQ�NDQDO�ELW�KÕ]Õ������.E�V�LNHQ��&7��¶QXQ�NDQDO�ELW�KÕ]Õ���
.E�V¶GÕU�� '(&7� VDGHFH� 3671¶OH� GH÷LO�� ,6'1� �VHV� YH� GDWD��� ;���� YH� ,(((� ���
úHEHNHOHUL�GH�X\XPOXGXU�
'(&7�� &(&�&RPPLVVLRQ� RI� WKH� (XURSHDQ� &RPPXQLWLHV�� WDUDIÕQGDQ� GD
GHVWHNOHQHQ�ELU�VWDQGDUWWÕU�
'(&7¶LQ� WHPHO� |]HOOLNOHUL� YH� X\JXODPD� DODQODUÕ� DúD÷ÕGDNL� PDGGHOHUOH
özetlenebilir:
· DECT, GSM�in bir türevidir.
· 5DG\R�VSHNWUXPXQX�oRN�YHULPOL�NXOODQDQ�ELU�VD\ÕVDO�UDG\R�HULúLP�VWDQGDUGÕGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 43
· Ses(32 Kb/s ADPCM), data (25 Kb/s-500 Kb/s) ve faks (Grup 3 ve 4)
transmisyonu ile ISDN�i destekler.
· $'3&0�VHV�NRGODPDVÕ�LOH�NDEOROX�úHEHNHOHUOH�NDUúÕODúWÕUÕODELOHFHN�NDGDU�\�NVHN
VHV�NDOLWHVL�VD÷ODU�
· 8\JXODQDQ�NULSWRODPD�WHNQL÷L�VD\HVLQGH�NRQXúPD�J�YHQOL÷L�VD÷ODU�
· (Y�YH�Lú�NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQD�KL]PHW�HWPHVL�DPDoODQPÕúWÕU�
· 'DKD� oRN� HYGH� YH\D� NDPS�VWH� NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU� YH� E�\�N� NDSDVLWH� 3%;¶OHULQ
X]DQWÕVÕ�RODUDN�J|UHY�\DSDU�
· $UDoODUGDQ�oRN�GXUD÷DQ�oHYUHOHUGH�NXOODQÕPD�X\JXQGXU�
· &7��¶GDQ�GDKD�SDKDOÕGÕU�
· *60� YH� '&6� ����� PDNVLPXP� ��� .E�V¶D� NDGDU� GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQX� VD÷ODUNHQ
DECT bu kapasitenin çok üzerinde data transmisyonuna (25 Kb/s-500 Kb/s)
LPNDQ�VD÷ODU�
· 7'0$� WHNQL÷LQL� NXOODQD� VLVWHP� � NLORPHWUH� NDUH� EDúÕQD� ���� ���� DERQH\L
destekleyebilmektedir.
· '(&7�� '&6�'&$�'\QDPLF� &KDQQHO� 6HOHFWLRQ�$OORFDWLRQ�� |]HOOL÷L� VD\HVLQGH
PHYFXW� UDG\R� NDQDOODUÕQGD� KHU� ]DPDQ� HQ� L\L� RODQÕQÕQ� NXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕ� VD÷ODU�� %X
|]HOOLN� '(&7� VLVWHPLQLQ� NHQGLVL� LOH� � D\QÕ� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQÕ� NXOODQDQ� GL÷HU
VLVWHPOHUOH�ELUDUDGD�oDOÕúDELOPHVLQH�LPNDQ�YHULU�
· '&$��IUHNDQV�SODQODPDVÕ�LKWL\DFÕQÕ�RUWDGDQ�NDOGÕUÕU�
· '(&7�� VLVWHPL� LOH� ELU� ED]� LVWDV\RQ� VDKDVÕQGDQ� GL÷HULQH� WUDQVPLV\RQGD� KHUKDQJL
ELU�NHVLQWL�ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ�JHoLOHELOLU�VHDPOHVV�KDQGRYHU��
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 44
'(&7�� ORNDO� VDQWUDOD� NDEORVX]� HULúLP� WHPHOLQH� GD\DOÕ�://�:LUHOHVV� /RFDO
/RRS�� X\JXODPDODUÕQGD� GD� NXOODQÕOPDNWD� RODQ� ELU� VWDQGDUW� ROXS�� 7�UN� 7HOHNRP
$�ù�¶QLQ� ����������� � WDULKLQGH� JHUoHNOHúWLUGL÷L� µ.DEORVX]� 7HOHIRQ� 6LVWHPL�://�¶
LKDOHVL�GH�'(&7�WDEDQOÕ�VLVWHPOHUH�DoÕN�ELU�LKDOH�ROPXúWXU�
II.2.3. PHS-PERSONAL HANDY PHONE SYSTEM
3+6��-DSRQ\D¶GD�NXOODQÕOPDNWD�RODQ�ELU�VD\ÕVDO�NDEORVX]�WHOHIRQ�VWDQGDUWÕGÕU�
���� PLO\RQGDQ� ID]OD� NXOODQÕFÕVÕ� EXOXQDQ� VLVWHP� �� RSHUDW|U� WDUDIÕQGDQ� -DSRQ\D¶GD
X\JXODQPDNWDGÕU�� 177� 3HUVRQDO� &RPPXQLFDWLRQ� 1HWZRUN� ��� E|OJH��� '',� 3RFNHW
Telephone (9 bölge), ASTEL (10 bölge).
PHS sistemi� ������������ 0+]� IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQGD� oDOÕúPDNWD� ROXS�� �����
������� 0+]� EDQG� |]HO�� �������������� 0+]� EDQG� LVH� NDPX� NDPX� KL]PHWL� LoLQ
NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�� %DQGÕQ� |]HO� KL]PHWOHUH� WDKVLVOL� E|O�P�QGH� �¶VL� NRQWURO� NDQDOÕ
olmak üzere 37 kanal, kamu hizmetlerine tahsisli bölümünde ise 4�ü kontrol, 4�ü
JXDUG�NDQDO�ROPDN��]HUH����NDQDO�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
'(&7� YH� 3+6� VLVWHPOHULQH� DLW� � IUHNDQV� EDQGÕQÕQ� �� 0+]¶OLN� ELU� E|O�P�
oDNÕúPDNOD�EHUDEHU��\DSÕODQ�VRQ�DUDúWÕUPDODU�EX�LNL�VLVWHPLQ�ELUDUDGD�oDOÕúDELOHFH÷LQL
J|VWHUPLú�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 45
,,,�0(6$-��d$ö5,��6ø67(0/(5ø
dD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕ�� oD÷UÕ� WHUPLQDOLQLQ� NRQWURO�QGH� J�QGHULOHQ� oD÷UÕ� VLQ\DOOHULQL
DODFDN�úHNLOGH�WDVDUODQPÕúWÕU��%X�oD÷UÕ�VLQ\DOOHUL��NXOODQÕFÕ\Õ�X\DUDELOPHN�LoLQ�JHUHNOL
oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQD� |]J�� DGUHV� ELOJLVLQL� WDúÕUODU�$\UÕFD�� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]Õ� HNUDQÕQGD� J|U�OHFHN
ELOJL�YH�|]HO�VHVOL�X\DUÕ�GD�oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ÕQD�LOHWLOLU�
hUHWLFLOHU� ELOJL� VLQ\DOOHULQL� X]DNWDNL� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕQD� LOHWHELOPHN� LoLQ� IDUNOÕ
WHNQLNOHU� JHOLúWLUPLúOHUGLU�� %X� WHNQLNOHU� NRGODPD� IRUPDWODUÕ� RODUDN� DGODQGÕUÕOÕU�
.XOODQÕOPDNWD�RODQ�HQ�\D\JÕQ�NRGODPD�IRUPDWODUÕ�32&6$*��(50(6�YH�)/(;¶GLU�
III.1.POCSAG
32&6$*� NRGODPD� IRUPDWÕ�� ���������� \ÕOODUÕ� DUDVÕQGD� oHúLWOL� �ONHOHUGHQ
JHOHQ� ELU� JUXS� P�KHQGLV� WDUDIÕQGDQ� RUWDN� ELU� oD÷UÕ� NRGODPD� IRUPDWÕ� ROXúWXUPDN
DPDFÕ\OD� \DSÕODQ� oDOÕúPDODU� VRQXFXQGD� RUWD\D� oÕNWÕ�� %X� DPDoOD� \DSÕODQ� WRSODQWÕ\D
%32� �%ULWLVK� 3RVW� 2IILFH�� EDúNDQOÕN� \DSWÕ÷ÕQGDQ� EX� NRGODPD� IRUPDWÕQD� 32&6$*
�3RVW�2IILFH�&RGH�6WDQGDUGLVDWLRQ�$GYLVRU\�*URXS��DGÕ�YHULOGL��&&,5�������\ÕOÕQGD
32&6$*� VWDQGDUWÕQD� DLW� ���� QXPDUDOÕ� �5DG\RoD÷UÕ� .RGX� ��� WDYVL\HVLQL� \D\ÕQODGÕ�
32&6$*�� J�Q�P�]GH� SHNoRN� �UHWLFL� WDUDIÕQGDQ� X\JXODQPDNWD� RODQ� ELU� NRGODPD
IRUPDWÕGÕU�
32&6$*� VD\ÕVDO� ELU� NRGODPD� IRUPDWÕ� ROXS� ���� YH\D� ����� ESV� KÕ]ODUÕQGD
oDOÕúÕU�������\ÕOÕQGD������ESV�KÕ]ÕQGD�oDOÕúDQ�VLVWHPOHU�GH�LúOHWLOPLúWLU�<�NVHN�KÕ]ODU
VDQL\HGH�GDKD�oRN�VD\ÕGD�oD÷UÕQÕQ� LOHWLOPHVLQH� LPNDQ�YHULU�NL�EX�GD�G�ú�N�KÕ]ODUGD
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 46
WHN� ELU� NDQDO� �]HULQGHQ� VHUYLV� YHULOHELOHFHN� DERQH� VD\ÕVÕQD� J|UH� oRN� GDKD� ID]OD
DERQH\H�VHUYLV�YHULOPHVLQL�VD÷ODU�
POCSAG kodlama formaWÕ���PLO\RQ�oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ÕQÕ�YH�VDGHFH�WRQ�WRQH�RQO\��
Q�PHULN��DOIDQ�PHULN�oD÷UÕODUOD�KHU�oD÷UÕ�DGUHVLQH�DLW���VHVOL�X\DUÕ�\DSÕVÕQÕ�GHVWHNOHU�
32&6$*�� |]HOOLNOH� \�NVHN� NDSDVLWHGH� WUDILN� LOHWLPLQLQ� \DSÕOGÕ÷Õ� VLVWHPOHUH
X\JXQ�RODQ�ELU�NRGODPD�IRUPDWÕGÕU�
+HU�32&6$*�oD÷UÕ� FLKD]Õ�� oD÷UÕ� DGUHVOHULQH�GD\DOÕ��� oD÷UÕ� JUXEXQGDQ�ELULVL
LoHULVLQGH� \HU� DOÕU�� %LU� 32&6$*� WUDQVPLV\RQX�� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQÕ� EDWDU\D� NRUXPD
PRGXQGDQ�oÕNDUDUDQ�����ELW¶OLN�ELU�GL]L�SUHDPEOH�� LOH�EDúODU��%X�GL]L�D\QÕ�]DPDQGD
ELW� VHQNURQL]DV\RQXQX� GD� VD÷ODU�� %X� GL]L\L� VHQNURQL]DV\RQ� NRGX� YH� �� oHUoHYHQLQ
�IUDPH��ROXúWXUGX÷X���ELUELULQL�WDNLS�HGHQ�JUXSODU�EDWFK��WDNLS�HGHU�
7�UNL\H¶GHNL�oD÷UÕ�úHEHNHVL�GH�32&6$*�VWDQGDUWÕQGD�oDOÕúDQ����oD÷UÕ�YHULFLVL
içermektedir.
III.2.ERMES
ERMES (European Radio Message Standard), ETSI (European
7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV� 6WDQGDUGV� ,QVWLWXWH�� ¶QLQ�� $YUXSD� NÕWDVÕQGDNL� E�W�Q
NRP�QLNDV\RQ�VWDQGDUWODUÕQGDQ�VRUXPOX�RODQ�ELU�DOW�NRPLWHVL�WDUDIÕQGDQ�JHOLúWLULOPLú
ELU� VWDQGDUWWÕU�� %X� NRPLWH� W�P� $YUXSD¶\Õ� NDSVD\DQ� ELU� UDG\R� oD÷UÕ� VLVWHPL
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 47
JHOLúWLUPHNOH� J|UHYOL\GL�� (50(6� VWDQGDUWÕ� LOH� oD÷UÕ� NXOODQÕFÕODUÕ� $YUXSD� VÕQÕUODUÕ
LoHULVLQGH�QHUHGH�ROXUODUVD�ROVXQODU�PHVDMODUÕQÕ�DODELOHFHNOHUGLU�
�(50(6¶LQ�� WDPDPÕ\OD� X\JXODQGÕ÷ÕQGD�� EX� VWDQGDUWD� GD\DOÕ� ELU� VHUYLV
ROXúWXUPD� QL\HWLQL� J|VWHUPHN� LoLQ�0R8� �0RPHUDQGXP� RI� 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ�¶\D� LP]D
DWDQ� � ��� $YUXSD� �ONHVLQGHNL� ��� RSHUDW|U� WDUDIÕQGDQ� LúOHWLOPHVL� EHNOHQPHNWHGLU�
7�UNL\H¶QLQ�GH�DUDODUÕQGD�EXOXQGX÷X�0R8�LP]DFÕVÕ��ONHOHU�������������0+]�IUHNDQV
DUDOÕ÷ÕQÕ�EX�\HQL�VHUYLVH�WDKVLV�HWPH�NRQXVXQGD�DQODúPÕúODUGÕU�
(50(6� VD\ÕVDO� NRGODPD� IRUPDWÕ� VDGHFH�WRQ�WRQH�RQO\��� Q�PHULN�
DOIDQ�PHULN�oD÷UÕODU�LOH�GDWD�WUDQVIHULQL�GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU��(50(6�������ESV�KÕ]ÕQGD
oDOÕúÕU��%X�VWDQGDUWÕ�NXOODQDQ�oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ODUÕ�oRNOX�IUHNDQVODUGD�oDOÕúÕU�YH�HQ�NDOLWHOL
DOÕPÕ� \DSDELOPHN� LoLQ� HQ� X\JXQ� IUHNDQVÕ� DUDUODU�� )UHNDQV� EDQGÕQÕ� WDUD\DELOHQ� oD÷UÕ
FLKD]ODUÕ�� úHEHNHQLQ� IDUNOÕ� QRNWDODUÕQGD� IDUNOÕ� IUHNDQVODUÕQ� NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD� LPNDQ
YHULU�(50(6�VSHVLILNDV\RQX�oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ODUÕQÕQ�oDOÕúDFD÷Õ����IUHNDQVÕ�EHOLUOHPLúWLUo
(50(6� oD÷UÕ� IRUPDWÕ�� µ�� /HYHO� 3$0� )0¶� PRG�ODV\RQ� PHNDQL]PDVÕQÕ
NXOODQPDNWDGÕU��(50(6�SURWRNRO�QGH��KHU�VDDW��¶HU�GDNLNDOÕN����GHYLUH��GHYLU�������
her devir 12 saniyelik 5 alt diziye (altdizi 0-5), son olarak da her 12 saniyelik periyod
���D\UÕ�JUXED��JUXS�$�3��D\UÕOÕU��+HU�WUDQVPLV\RQXQ�JUXS��DOW�GL]L�YH�GHYLU�QXPDUDVÕ�
KHU�JUXEXQ�VLVWHP�ELOJLVL�E|O�P�QGH�NRGODQÕU��+HU�DOW�GL]LGH�J|QGHULOHFHN�LON�JUXEXQ
QXPDUDVÕ� (50(6¶L� GHVWHNOH\HQ� ��� IDUNOÕ� IUHNDQVD� ED÷OÕ� RODUDN� IDUNOÕOÕN� J|VWHULU�
Grup A, Kanal 1�den gönderilen ilk gruptur ve 16. Grup Kanal 2�den, 2. Grup Kanal
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 48
�¶GHQ�� ���� *UXS� � .DQDO� �¶GHQ«� YE�� J|QGHULOLU�� %X� \|QWHP�� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQÕQ� oD÷UÕ
IUHNDQV�NDQDOODUÕQÕ�PHVDM� ND\EHWPHNVL]LQ�GH÷LúWLUHELOPHVLQL� VD÷ODU��%DWDU\D�NRUXPD
DPDFÕ\OD� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕ� ��� JUXSWDQ� ELULQGH� DNWLI� GXUXPD� JHoHU�� $\UÕFD�� ELU� oD÷UÕ
FLKD]Õ� EHOOL� DOW� GL]LOHU� LoLQGH� YH� KDWWD� EHOOL� GHYLUOHU� LoLQGH� oD÷UÕ� DODFDN� úHNLOGH
programlanabilir.
+HU� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]Õ�5,&� �5DGLR� ,GHQWLW\� &RGH�� DGÕ� YHULOHQ� ��� ELWOLN� ELU� DGUHVH
VDKLSWLU��%X�DGUHVLQ����ELWL�DERQH�YHULWDEDQÕ�ELOJLVLQLQ�VDNODQGÕ÷Õ�µHY�VDKLEL¶�VLVWHPH
|]J�G�U��*HUL\H� NDODQ� ��� ELW� LVH� R� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQÕQ� ORNDO� DGUHVLQL� EHOLUWLU�� %X� JHQLú
DGUHV� DODQÕ� \�]OHUFH�PLO\RQ� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQÕ� GHVWHNOH\HFHN� ELU� N�UHVHO� DGUHV� \DSÕVÕQÕ
ROXúWXUPDNWDGÕU�
Hollanda (Mart 1996), Fransa (Eylül 1994), Macaristan (Nisan 1995), Fransa
�(\O�O� ������ YH� 6XXGL� $UDELVWDQ� �$UDOÕN� ������ (50(6� VWDQGDUWÕQGDNL� oD÷UÕ
VLVWHPOHULQLQ�VHUYLV�KDOLQGH�EXOXQGX÷X��ONHOHUGLU�
III.2.1.ERMES STANDARTININ FAYDALARI
III.2.1.A. ªebeke Operatörüne Olan Faydalar
· Daha yüksek kanal kapasitesi: ERMES sisteminde her kanal çok daha fazla
VD\ÕGD�oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ÕQÕ�GHVWHNOHU�
· 'DKD� 9HULPOL� ùHEHNH� <DSÕVÕ�� (50(6� VLVWHPLQGH� RSHUDW|UOHU� WUDIL÷LQ� \R÷XQ
ROGX÷X�SHUL\RGODUGD�GLQDPLN�RODUDN�PHYFXW�GL÷HU�NDQDOODUÕ�NXOODQDELOLU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 49
· Mevcut Sistemlere Uygunluk: 2SHUDW|UOHU� 32&6$*� úHEHNHVLQGHNL� oD÷UÕ
DERQHOHULQL� NRUX\DUDN� GDKD� LOHUL� VHUYLVOHU� VD÷OD\DQ� ELU� (50(6� úHEHNHVL
ROXúWXUXODELOLU�
· '�ú�N�3HUVRQHO�0DVUDIODUÕ��(50(6�GDKD�ID]OD�NDSDVLWH\H�VDKLS�ROGX÷XQGDQ�YH
GROD\ÕVÕ\OD� GDKD� oRN� oD÷UÕ� DERQHVLQH� VHUYLV� YHUHELOGL÷LQGHQ�� D\QÕ� VD\ÕGDNL� YH\D
GDKD� D]� VD\ÕGDNL� SHUVRQHOOH� GDKD� oRN� DERQH\H� KL]PHW� YHULOLU� YH� SHUVRQHO
PDVUDIODUÕ��D]DOÕU�
· 6LVWHP� 6D÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕQÕQ� 6HoLOHELOPHVL�� (50(6� VWDQGDUWÕQGDNL� VLVWHP
�UHWLFLOHULQLQ� oHúLWOLOL÷L�� IL\DW� YH� NDOLWH� DoÕVÕQGDQ� HQ� X\JXQ� RODQ� VLVWHPOHULQ
seçilebilmesine imkan verir.
· Daha Fazla Kar: 32&6$*� úHEHNHVL� LoLQ� \DSÕODQ� D\QÕ� PLNWDUGD� \DWÕUÕP� YH
LúOHWLP� PDVUDIODUÕ� LOH� (50(6� úHEHNHVLQGH� GDKD� ID]OD� DERQH\H� VHUYLV
YHULOHELOGL÷LQGHQ�RSHUDW|U�Q�NDUÕ�DUWDU�
,,,�����%��.XOODQÕFÕ\D�2ODQ�)D\GDODU
· dD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕQÕQ� VHoLPL�� 3HN� oRN� �UHWLFL� WDUDIÕQGDQ� �UHWLOHQ� oHúLWOL� oD÷UÕ
FLKD]ODUÕ��NXOODQÕFÕ\D�JHQLú�ELU�VHoLP�\HOSD]HVL�VXQPDNWDGÕU�
· '�ú�N� IL\DWOÕ� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕ��6WDQGDUW� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕ� LoLQ� \�NVHN�PLNWDUODUGD
�UHWLP� \DSPDQÕQ� DYDQWDMODUÕ� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕQÕQ� XFX]ODPDVÕQD� YH� EX� GD� oD÷UÕ
SD]DUÕQÕQ�KÕ]OD�JHQLúOHPHVLQH�VHEHS�ROPDNWDGÕU�
· 'RODúÕP��.XOODQÕFÕ�$YUXSD¶QÕQ�KHU�\HULQGH��2UWD�'R÷X�YH�$V\D�3DVLILN¶LQ�ED]Õ
E|OJHOHULQGH�PHVDMODUÕQÕ�DODELOLU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 50
· 8OXVODUDUDVÕ� PHVDM� VHUYLVL�� 8]DN� ELU� �ONHGHNL� (50(6� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQD� ORNDO
�XOXVDO�� (50(6� úHEHNHVL� �]HULQGHQ� DUDPD� \DSÕODUDN� PHVDM� J|QGHULOHELOLU�� %X�
uzak mesafe komünikasyonunu basit ve ucuz hale getirir.
· Uzun batarya ömrü: (50(6� VWDQGDUWÕ�� 32&6$*� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕQD� J|UH� GDKD
X]XQ�EDWDU\D�|PU��VD÷OD\DFDN�SHN�oRN�\HQL�WHNQL÷L�LoHUPHNWHGLU�
· Uzun alfanümerik mesajlar:�(50(6�VWDQGDUWÕQGD������NDUDNWHU�X]XQOX÷XQGD
PHVDMODU�DOÕQDELOPHNWHGLU�
· Transparan data servisi:� (50(6� VWDQGDUWÕQGD� VD÷ODQDELOHQ� ������ ELWOLN
WUDQVSDUDQ� GDWD� VHUYLVL� LOH� WDúÕQDELOLU� ODS�\RS� ELOJLVD\DUODUD� YH\D� NLúLVHO� VD\ÕVDO
DVLVWDQODUD�ELOJL�LOHWLPL�\DSÕODELOLU�
III.2.1.C. Üreticiye Olan Faydalar
· Standart cihazlar:�2UWDN�(50(6�VWDQGDUWÕ��UHWLFLOHULQ�|]HO� VLVWHPOHU�\HULQU� D]
VD\ÕGDNL�FLKD]��]HULQGH�\R÷XQODúPDVÕQÕ�VD÷ODU�
· +Õ]OD�\D\ÕOPD��(50(6¶LQ�XOXVODUDUDVÕ� ELU� oD÷UÕ� VWDQGDUWÕ� ROGX÷XQX�YXUJXOD\DQ
,78� �,QWHUQDWLRQDO� 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV� 8QLRQ�� WDYVL\HVL� VLVWHPLQ� IDUNOÕ
�ONHOHUGHNL�oRN�VD\ÕGD�RSHUDW|U�WDUDIÕQGDQ�EHQLPVHQHFH÷LQL�J|VWHUPHNWHGLU�
· Daha fazla kar:� *HOLúHQ� XOXVODUDUVÕ� PDUNHW� NDU� JHOLúLPLQH� GH� E�\�N� ELU
SRWDQVL\HO�ND]DQGÕUPDNWDGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 51
III.3.FLEX
)/(;� \�NVHN� KÕ]OÕ� oD÷UÕ� SURWRNRO��� PHYFXW� oD÷UÕ� SURWRNROOHULQGHNL
VÕQÕUODPDODUÕ�RUWDGDQ�NDOGÕUPDN�YH�LOHUL�PHVDM�VHUYLVOHUL�LoLQ�ELU�SODWIRUP�ROXúWXUPDN
DPDFÕ\OD�0RWRUROD�WDUDIÕQGDQ�JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU��)/(;�WHNQRORMLVL��0RWRUROD¶QÕQ�)/(;
�U�Q�DLOHVLQLQ��)/(;��5H)/(;�YH�,Q)/(;LRQ��WHPHOLQL�ROXúWXUXU�
'L÷HU� SURWRNROOHUOH� NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD� )/(;�� \�NVHN� WUDQVPLV\RQ� KÕ]Õ� YH
NDSDVLWHVL�� HVQHNOLN�� GDWD� HQWHJUDV\RQX�� X]XQ� EDWDU\D� |PU��� NXOODQÕFÕ� EDúÕQD� G�ú�N
IL\DW� YH�\�NVHN�KÕ]OÕ� oD÷UÕ� NRGODPDVÕ� DYDQWDMODUÕQÕ� VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU��)/(;��32&6$*
VWDQGDUWÕ� GD� GDKLO� ROPDN� �]HUH� PHYFXW� oD÷UÕ� VLVWHPOHUL� LOH� ELUDUDGD� oDOÕúDELOHFHN
úHNLOGH�WDVDUODQPÕúWÕU�
,,,������)/(;�67$1'$57,1,1��%$ù/,&$�g=(//ø./(5ø�9(
AVANTAJLARI
· <�NVHN�oD÷UÕ�KÕ]Õ��)/(;�oD÷UÕ�KÕ]Õ������ESV¶D�NDGDU�oÕNDELOPHNWHGLU��%X����GDWD
GL]LVLQL�WHN�ELU������ESV�WUDQVPLV\RQ�GL]LVLQH�PXOWLSOHNV�HGHUHN�VD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU�
+HU� GDWD� GL]LVL� YH\D� ID]Õ� ELUELULQGHQ� ED÷ÕPVÕ]� RODUDN� oDOÕúPDNWD� ROXS� KHU� oD÷UÕ
FLKD]Õ� VDGHFH� WHN� ELU� ID]GDNL� NRGX� o|]PHNWHGLU�� %X� |]HOOLN�� X]XQ� PHVDMODUÕQ
EORNODQPDVÕQÕ�YH\D�GL÷HU�PHVDMODUÕ�JHFLNWLUPHVLQL�HQJHOOH\HQ�ELU�|]HOOLNWLU�
· Yüksek kanal kapasitesi: FLEX, dünyadaki en yüksek kanal kapasitesini
VD÷OD\DQ� oD÷UÕ� SURWRNRO�G�U�� )/(;� �� PLO\DU� DGUHVL� YH� KHU� NDQDOGD� ������
Q�PHULN�oD÷UÕ\Õ�GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 52
· '�ú�N�NXOODQÕFÕ�EDúÕQD�PDOL\HW��6LVWHPLQ�\�NVHN�NDSDVLWHVL�WDúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕQ�PHYFXW
NDQDOODUÕQÕQ� GDKD� oRN� NXOODQÕFÕ� WDUDIÕQGDQ� NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD� L]LQ� YHULU� NL� EX� GD
NXOODQÕFÕ�EDúÕQD�PDOL\HWL�G�ú�U�U�
· 6HUYLVOHULQ�YHULPOL�RODUDN�ELUDUDGD�VXQXOPDVÕ� POCSAG sistemleri, nümerik,
DOIDQ�PHULN� YH� ELOJL� VHUYLVOHUL� ELUDUDGD� VXQXOGX÷XQGD� NDSDVLWH� DúÕPÕQD
X÷UD\DELOPHNWHGLU�� )/(;� LOH�� EX� VHUYLVOHU�� Q�PHULN� NXOODQÕFÕODUGD� ROXPVX]� ELU
GXUXP�PH\GDQD�JHWLUPHNVL]LQ�YHULPOL�ELU�úHNLOGH�ELUDUDGD�VXQXODELOPHNWHGLU�
· 0HYFXW� NRGODUOD� X\XPOXOXN� YH� KÕ]OD� JHOLúPH�� )/(;� WHN� EDúÕQD� YH\D� GL÷HU
PHYFXW� oD÷UÕ� VLVWHPOHUL� LOH� ELUDUDGD� oDOÕúWÕ÷ÕQGD� D\QÕ� GHUHFHGH� HWNLOLGLU�� 7DP
\�NO��ROPD\DQ�ELU�32&6$*�VLVWHPL��EDúODQJÕo�RODUDN�PHYFXW�µDLU�WLPH¶ÕQ�VDGHFH
�����¶LQL�NXOODQDUDN�)/(;�WHNQRORMLVLQH�ND\GÕUÕODELOLU��)/(;�������¶OLN�EX�µDLU
WLPH¶� LoHULVLQGH� ����� ������ ESV� oDOÕúPD�PRGXQGD�� ±� ������ ������ ESV� oDOÕúPD
modunda) nümerik aboneyi destekleyebilmektedir. FLEX esnek bir sistem olup
�����������YH������ESV�KÕ]ODUÕQGD�oDOÕúDELOPHNWHGLU�NL�EX�GD�VHUYLV�VD÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕQ
sistem kapasitesini mevcut talebe göre belirleyebilmelerine imkan verir. FLEX,
VHUYLV� VD÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕQ� WUDQVPLV\RQ� KÕ]ÕQÕ� WUDIL÷H� J|UH� GLQDPLN� RODUDN
GH÷LúWLUPHOHULQL�VD÷ODU�
· 6D÷ODPOÕN� YH� J�YHQLUOLN�� )/(;�� E�W�Q� KÕ]ODUGD�� VLQ\DO� J�F�QGH� ]D\ÕIODPD
ROGX÷XQGD� ��� PV�� V�UH\OH� ELOJL� DNÕúÕQÕ� NRUXU�� $\UÕFD�� )/(;� KDWD� WHVSLW
PHNDQL]PDODUÕ� YH� ND\ÕS� PHVDMODUD� HULúLPL� VD÷OD\DQ� PHVDM� QXPDUDODPDVÕ� JLEL
\|QWHPOHUOH�GH�\�NVHN�J�YHQLUOLN�VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�
· *HOLúPLú� oD÷UÕ� LOHWLPL�� )/(;� J�YHQLUOL÷L� VD\HVLQGH� oD÷UÕ� LOHWLP� NDSDVLWHVLQL
DUWWÕUÕU�� %|\OHFH� WUDIL÷LQ� \�NVHN� ROGX÷X� VDDWOHUGHNL� JHFLNPHOHU� YH� oD÷UÕ
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 53
WHUPLQDOLQH� JHOHQ� P�NHUUHU� oD÷UÕ� DUDPDODUÕ� HQ� D]D� LQHU�� %X� GXUXP� P�úWHUL
PHPQXQL\HWLQLQ�\DQÕ�VÕUD�DOW�\DSÕQÕQ�GD�GDKD�YHULPOL�RODUDN�NXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕ�VD÷ODU�
· *HOLúPLú� EDWDU\D� SHUIRUPDQVÕ� YH� N�o�N� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ODUÕ�� )/(;� LOH�� oD÷UÕ
FLKD]ÕQÕQ�EDWDU\DVÕ�32&6$*�NRGXQGD�ROGX÷XQGDQ���NDW�GDKD�X]XQ�|P�UO��ROXU�
%XQXQ� VHEHEL�� )/(;¶LQ� VHQNURQ� ELU� NRG� ROPDVÕ� YH� oD÷UÕ� FLKD]ÕQÕQ� YHULFL
LVWDV\RQOD� WDQGHP� oDOÕúDUDN� ]DPDQÕQ� EHOOL� ELU� E|O�P�QGH� NHQGLVLQH� DLW� NRGX
DUDPDVÕGÕU��%DWDU\D�|PU�Q�Q�X]DPDVÕ��GDKD�N�o�N�EDWDU\DODUÕQ�NXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕ�YH
GROD\ÕVÕ\OD�GDKD�N�o�N�oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ODUÕQÕQ�WDVDUODQPDVÕQÕ�P�PN�Q�NÕODU�
· *HOLúPLú� oD÷UÕ� VHUYLVOHULQH� WHPHO� ROXúWXUPD�� FLEX ailesindeki protokoller
JHOLúPLú� oD÷UÕ� VHUYLVOHULQH� �LNL� \|QO�� YH� VHVOL� oD÷UÕ� JLEL�� GR÷UX� LOHUOHPH\L
VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�� %X� SURWRNROOHUGHQ� )/(;� ELUGHQ� ID]OD� KÕ]GD� oDOÕúDELOHQ� \�NVHN
NDSDVLWHOL� ELU� oD÷UÕ� SURWRNRO���5H)/(;� LNL� \|QO�� ELU� oD÷UÕ� YH�PHVDM� SURWRNRO��
,Q)/(;LRQ�LVH�LNL�\|QO��YH�\�NVHN�KÕ]OÕ�ELU�VHV�YH�GDWD�SURWRNRO�G�U�
,,,������)/(;�9(�32&6$*�35272.2//(5ø1ø1�.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
· Kanal kapasitesi: ���GLJLW� Q�PHULN� oD÷UÕODU� LoLQ� )/(;�� ����� ESV¶GD� � oDOÕúDQ
32&6$*� VLVWHPLQH� J|UH� �� NDW� GDKD� ID]OD� NDSDVLWH� VD÷ODU�� ��� NDUDNWHUOLN
DOIDQ�PHULN�oD÷UÕODU�LoLQVH�)/(;�������ESV¶GD�oDOÕúDQ�32&6$*�VLVWHPLQH�J|UH
��NDW�GDKD�ID]OD�NDSDVLWH�VD÷ODU��)/(;�LOH��oD÷UÕ� VHUYLV� VD÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕ�ELU�NDQDOGD
������¶GHQ� ID]OD� Q�PHULN� oD÷UÕ\Õ� GHVWHNOH\HELOPHNWHGLU�� 32&6$*� �� PLO\RQ
adres limitine sahipken, FLEX 1 milyar adresi destekler.
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 54
· 6D÷ODPOÕN� YH� J�YHQLUOLN�� 32&6$*¶GD� KÕ]� DUWWÕNoD� VLQ\DOGHNL� ]D\ÕIODPDODUD
NDUúÕ�NRUXQXP�D]DOPDNWDGÕU��)/(;�LVH�E�W�Q�KÕ]ODUGD�VLQ\DO�]D\ÕIODPDVÕQD�NDUúÕ
���PV�¶OLN�ELU�NRUXPD�VD÷OD\DELOPHNWHGLU�
· Batarya ömrü: )/(;� WUDQVPLV\RQ� KÕ]ÕQD� ED÷OÕ� ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ� 32&6$*� ����
VLVWHPLQH�J|UH���NDW�GDKD�ID]OD�EDWDU\D�|PU��VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�
· +Õ]� D\DUÕ�� 32&6$*� VLVWHPLQGH� \�NVHN� KÕ]ODU� LoLQ� RWRPDWLN� VHQNURQL]DV\RQ
VD÷ODQDPDPDNWD�ROXS��oD÷UÕ�FLKD]ODUÕ�IDUNOÕ�KÕ]ODU� LoLQ� WHNUDU�SURJUDPODQPDOÕGÕU�
)/(;�LOH�EX�D\DUODPD�RWRPDWLN�RODUDN�\DSÕOPDNWDGÕU�
· .XOODQÕFÕ� EDúÕQD�PDOL\HW��)/(;�� \�NVHN� NDSDVLWHVL� YH� VD÷ODP� LOHWLP� \HWHQH÷L
VD\HVLQGH�GDKD�G�ú�N�NXOODQÕFÕ�EDúÕQD�PDOL\HWL�VD÷ODU�
· dD÷UÕODU� �]HULQGH� LúOHP� \DSDELOPH��)/(;� |QFHOLNOL� oD÷UÕODUÕQ� LOHWLOPHVL� JLEL
IRQNVL\RQODUÕ�LOH�GH�GL÷HU�oD÷UÕ�NRGODUÕQGDQ�D\UÕOÕU�
,,,������)/(;�9(�(50(6�35272.2//(5ø1ø1�.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
7$%/2���¶GD�)/(;�YH�(50(6�SURWRNROOHULQLQ�|]HOOLNOHUL�NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU�
,9��02%ø/�'$7$�6ø67(0/(5ø
,9���*(1øù�$/$1�02%ø/�'$7$�6ø67(0/(5ø
*HQLú� ELU� DODQGD� PRELO� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� KL]PHWOHUL� VXQDQ� IDUNOÕ� VLVWHPOHU
PHYFXWWXU�� K�FUHVHO� VLVWHPOHU�� oD÷UÕ� VLVWHPOHUL�� |]HO� PRELO� UDG\R� �305�3ULYDWH
Mobile Radio) sistemleri gibi. Bu sistemler sadece data (genellikle paket data) servisi
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 55
VXQDQ�VLVWHPOHU� �YH�PRGHP��]HULQGHQ�GDWD�VHUYLVL�VD÷OD\DQ�GHYUH�DQDKWDUODPDOÕ�VHV
úHEHNHVL�VLVWHPOHUL�ROPDN��]HUH��LNL�JUXED�D\UÕODELOLU�
,9������$1$/2*�+h&5(6(/�6ø67(0/(5�h=(5ø1'(1�'$7$
75$160ø6<218
AQDORJ� K�FUHVHO� VLVWHPOHU� �]HULQGHQ� GHYUH� DQDKWDUODPD� WHNQL÷L� LOH� �������
.ESV� KÕ]ODUÕQGD� GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQX� \DSÕODELOPHNWHGLU�� %X� � GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQXQD� DLW
EDúOÕFD�SUREOHP��ELU�K�FUH�VDKDVÕQGDQ�GL÷HULQH�JHoLú��KDQGRYHU��VÕUDVÕQGD�ED÷ODQWÕGD
ROXúDQ�JHoLFL�ND\ÕSODUGÕU�
,9������6$<,6$/�+h&5(6(/�6ø67(0/(5�h=(5ø1'(1�'$7$
75$160ø6<218
*60� YH� '&6� ����� JLEL� VD\ÕVDO� WHNQRORMLOHUL� NXOODQDQ� K�FUHVHO� VLVWHPOHU
�]HULQGHQ�GDWD�WUDQVPLV\RQX�VD÷ODQDELOPHNWHGLU��gUQH÷LQ�*60�LOH�
· ����.ESV�GHYUH�DQDKWDUODPDOÕ�GDWD�YH�*UXS���IDNV�
· ����NDUDNWHUH�NDGDU�NÕVD�PHVDM�VHUYLVL��606�6KRUW�0HVVDJH�6HUYLFH��
· 3DNHW�DQDKWDUODPDOÕ�GDWD��;�����YH�DVHQNURQ�WUDQVPLV\RQ
LPNDQODUÕ�VD÷OD\DELOPHNWHGLU�
,9������d$ö5,�6ø67(0/(5ø�h=(5ø1'(1�'$7$�75$160ø6<218
dD÷UÕ� VLVWHPOHUL� �]HULQGHQ� PRELO� NXOODQÕFÕODUD� VDGHFH�WRQ�� Q�PHULN� YH\D
alfanümerik mesajlar gönderilebilmektedir.
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 56
,9������ g=(/� 02%ø/� 5$'<2� 6ø67(0/(5ø�305�35,9$7(� 02%,/(
RADIO)
����305��PHUNH]L��ELU�RSHUDW|U�Q�|]HO�ELU�NXOODQÕFÕ�JUXEXQD�RODQ�ELOJL�DNÕúÕQÕ
NRQWURO�HGHELOGL÷L�PRELO�VHV�NRP�QLNDV\RQX�X\JXODPDODUÕQÕ� �GD÷ÕWÕP�úLUNHWOHUL�� DFLO
VHUYLVOHU��VDKD�P�KHQGLVOHUL�«�YE���P�PN�Q�NÕODU�
7(75$�VWDQGDUWODúPÕú�ELU�VD\ÕVDO�305�VSHVLILNDV\RQXGXU��7(75$�LOH�E�W�Q
$YUXSD¶GD�RUWDN�ELU�IUHNDQV�EDQGÕQÕQ�NXOODQÕOPDVÕ�YH�GRODúÕP�URDPLQJ��LPNDQODUÕQÕQ
VD÷ODQPDVÕ�EHNOHQPHNWHGLU�
,9����02%ø/�5$'<2�'$7$�ù(%(.(/(5ø
7DKVLVOL� PRELO� GDWD� VLVWHPOHUL�� ED]Õ� VHUYLV� RUJDQL]DV\RQODUÕQD� VHV
NRP�QLNDV\RQXQGDQ� � oRN� GDWD� NRP�QLNDV\RQX� VD÷OD\DFDN� úHNLOGH� RSWLPL]H
HGLOPLúOHUGLU�� 6D\ÕVDO� WHNQRORML\H� GD\DQDQ� UDG\R� GDWD� úHEHNHOHUL�� �ONHQLQ� E�\�N
E|O�P�QGH� NDSVDPD� VD÷OD\DQ� NDPX� úHEHNHOHUL� RODUDN� LúOHWLOPHN� �]HUH
ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU�� 0RELO� UDG\R� GDWD� VLVWHPOHUL� � SDNHW� DQDKWDUODPDOÕ� WHNQRORMLOHUL
X\JXODU� YH� �����������.ESV� KÕ]ODUÕQGD� GDWD� WUDQVPLV\RQX� VD÷ODU�� $QFDN�� VLVWHPLQ
LoHUGL÷L� KDWD� G�]HOWPH� �HUURU� FRUUHFWLRQ�� � IRQNVL\RQX� JLEL� ED]Õ� IRQNVL\RQODU� JHUoHN
GDWD� KÕ]ÕQÕQ� ���������� .ESV� DUDOÕ÷ÕQGD� ROPDVÕQD� VHEHEHS� ROXU�� 5DG\R� GDWD
úHEHNHOHUL�� K�FUHOHUGH� IUHNDQVODUÕQ� WHNUDU� NXOODQÕP�� RWRPDWLN� GRODúÕP� YH� WUXQN
WHNQLNOHUL�VD\HVLQGH�IUHNDQV�VSHNWUXPXQX�ROGXNoD�YHULPOL�ELU�úHNLOGH�NXOODQÕUODU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 57
0RELO� UDG\R� GDWD� úHEHNHOHUL� �� DQD� NÕVÕPGDQ� ROXúXU�� ED]� LVWDV\RQODU�� E|OJH
VDQWUDOODUÕ�� DQD� VDQWUDOODU� YH� úHEHNH� NRQWURO�PHUNH]L��0�úWHULQLQ� ELOJLVD\DUODUÕ� YH\D
WHUPLQDOOHUL�� � NLUDOÕN� KDWODU�� |]HO� úHEHNHOHU� \D� GD� ;���� JLEL� NDPX� GDWD� úHEHNHOHUL
�]HULQGHQ�VDQWUDO�VHYL\HVLQGH�VLVWHPH�ED÷ODQÕUODU�
5DG\R�GDWD�úHEHNHOHULQH�DLW�VWDQGDUWODUÕQ�EHOLUOL�ROPDPDVÕQD�UD÷PHQ�LNL�IDUNOÕ
�UHWLFL\H� |]J�� VLVWHP� $YUXSD� �ONHOHULQGH� NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�� (ULFVVRQ¶XQ� 0RELWH[
VLVWHPL�YH�0RWRUROD¶QÕQ�'DWD7$&�VLVWHPL��øQJLOHWH¶GH�KHU�LNL��UHWLFL\H�DLW�VLVWHPOHUL
NXOODQDQ� RSHUDW|UOHU�PHYFXWWXU�� øVYHo�� )LQODQGL\D� YH�1RUYHo¶WH� LVH�0RELWH[� WDEDQOÕ
UDG\R�GDWD�úHEHNHOHUL�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
V. KABLOSUZ PBX(WPBX-WIRELESS PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE)
9(�/$1�:/$1�:,5(/(66�/2&$/�$5($�1(7:25.��6(59ø6/(5ø
$YUXSDGD¶NL�:3%;� JHOLúPHOHUL� &(37�&7��� &7�� YH� '(&7� WHNQRORMLOHULQH
GD\DOÕ� RODUDN� GHYDP� HWPHNWHGLU�� &7�� WDEDQOÕ� :3%;¶OHU� VDGHFH� øQJLOWHUH¶GH� SD]DU
EXOXUNHQ�� &(37�&7��:3%;¶OHU� EX� VWDQGDUWÕ� UHVPL� RODUDN� NDEXO� HWPLú� RODQ� E�W�Q
�ONHOHUGH� NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�� '(&7� YH� &7�¶QXQ�� $YUXSD¶GD� JHOHFHNWH
JHUoHNOHúWLULOHFHN�RODQ�:3%;�JHOLúPHOHULQGH� HWNLOL� VWDQGDUWODU� RODFD÷Õ� DoÕNWÕU�� �+HU
LNL�VWDQGDUW�GD�E�\�N�WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�ILUPDODUÕQFD�GHVWHNOHQPHNWHGLU��$YUXSD¶QÕQ
en büyük WPBX üreticileri olan Siemens, Alcatel, Ericsson ve Philips DECT�i
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 58
GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU��1RUWKHUQ�7HOHFRP� YH�0RWRUROD�3HDFRFN� JLEL� úLUNHWOHUVH�&7�� µ\X
VHoPLúWLU�
&7�� YH� '(&7� DUDVÕQGD�� :3%;� X\JXODPDODUÕQÕ� GD� HWNLOH\HQ� WHNQLN
IDUNOÕOÕNODU�YDUGÕU��&7���)'0$�WUDQVPLV\RQ�WHNQL÷LQL�NXOODQGÕ÷ÕQGDQ�ELU�NXOODQÕFÕQÕQ
WHOHIRQ�NRQXúPDVÕ�GHYDP�HGHUNHQ�ELU�K�FUHGHQ�GL÷HULQH�JHoPHVL�P�PN�Q�GH÷LOGLU�
'L÷HU�ELU�GH÷LúOH��ELU�PRELO�LVWDV\RQ��06��LOH�ELU�K�FUHQLQ�ED]�LVWDV\RQX�DUDVÕQGD�ELU
NRQXúPD� EDúODWÕOGÕ÷Õ� ]DPDQ�� NXOODQÕFÕ�� NRQXúPDVÕ� V�UHVLQFH� EX� K�FUHQLQ� NDSODPD
DODQÕ�LoHULVLQGH��NDOPDN�]RUXQGDGÕU��7'0$�WDEDQOÕ�'(&7�VLVWHPLQGH�LVH�NDQDO�WDKVLV
LúOHPL� GLQDPLNWLU�� <DQL� NXOODQÕFÕ�� NRQXúPD� VÕUDVÕQGD� K�FUH� GH÷LúWLUHELOLU�� $\UÕFD�
'(&7�VLVWHPLQGH�06�� V�UHNOL�RODUDN� �NRQXúPD�DQÕQGD�ELOH�� GL÷HU�NDQDOODUÕQ� VLQ\DO
NDOLWHVLQL� L]OHU�%LU� VLQ\DO� SDUDPHWUHVL� |QFHGHQ� EHOLUOHQPLú� HúLN� GH÷HULQLQ� DOWÕQD
G�úW�÷�� ]DPDQ�� NRQXúPD� GHYDP� HGHUNHQ� NRPúX� K�FUH\H� ELU� µKDQGRYHU¶� LúOHPL
\DSÕOÕU�
/RNDO�DODQ�úHEHNHOHUL��ELU�PRQRFHOO��YH\D�ELUNDo�PXOWÕFHOO��K�FUHQLQ�VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ
NDSODPD�DODQÕ�LoHULVLQGH�LNL�\|QO��GDWD�VHUYLVLQL�VD÷OD\DQ�VLVWHPOHUGLU��(76,¶\H�J|UH
'(&7� NDEORVX]� WHOHIRQ� VWDQGDUWÕ�� $YUXSD¶GD� NDEORVX]� GDWD� VDQWUDOÕ� NRQXVXQGD
DQDKWDU� URO� R\QDPDNWDGÕU�� '(&7�� X\JXODPDODUÕQ� JHUHNWLUGL÷L� GH÷LúLN� ELW� KÕ]ODUÕQÕ
VD÷OD\DELOPHNWHGLU�� '(&7� VLVWHPLQLQ� ��� 0ELW�V� KÕ]ÕQGD� oDOÕúDQ� WHOOL� ORNDO� DODQ
úHEHNHOHUL�� ,(((� ����� DOWÕQGDNL� SHUIRUPDQVÕ� L\L� ROGX÷XQGDQ�� '(&7¶H� GD\DOÕ
:/$1¶ODU� VDGHFH�\D]ÕFÕ�SD\ODúÕP�YH� HOHNWURQLN�PDLO� JLEL� G�ú�N�YH\D�RUWD�GHUHFHOL
GDWD�KÕ]ODUÕ�JHUHNWLUHQ�X\JXODPDODU�LoLQ�X\JXQGXU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 59
9,�8<'8�%$ö/$17,/,�02%ø/�+$%(5/(ù0(�6ø67(0/(5ø
9,���ø/.�681ø�8<'8/$5
Dünya yörüngesine gönderilen ilk suni uydu, 4 Ekim 1957�de Sovyetler
%LUOL÷LQGHQ� IÕUODWÕODQ� 6XSLWQLN� �¶GL�� ��� GHQH\VHO� X\GXGDQ� ROXúDQ� ELU� VHULQLQ� LONLQL
ROXúWXUDQ�6SXWQLN���N�UHVHO�ELU�úHNOH�VDKLSWL�YH����FP��oDSÕQGD�����NJ��D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQGD\GÕ�
6SXWQLN� �� /(2� �/RZ� (DUWK� 2UELW�� ELU� X\GX\GX� YH� G�Q\D\D� HQ� \DNÕQ� YH� HQ� X]DN
ROGX÷X�PHVDIHOHU�VÕUDVÕ\OD�����NP��YH������NP�¶\GL�
Supitnik 1�iQ�IÕUODWÕOÕúÕ�$PHULND¶GDNL�X]D\�SURJUDPÕQÕQ�ELU�LYPH�ND]DQPDVÕQD
VHEHS� ROGX� YH�1$6$�1DWLRQDO�$HURQDXWLFV� DQG� 6SDFH�$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ�¶QÕQ� NXUXOXú
oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕ� EDúODWWÕ��$PHULND�� LON� VXQL�X\GXVX�RODQ�([SORUHU� ,¶L� ���2FDN� ����¶GH
IÕUODWWÕ�� ([SORUHU� ,�� X]D\� oD÷ÕQÕQ� LON� |QHPOL� ELOLPVHO� NHúILQL� \DSDUDN� G�Q\D
oHYUHVLQGHNL�9DQ�$OOHQ�UDG\DV\RQ�KDONDODUÕQÕ�WHVSLW�HWWL�
9,����8<'8/$5,1�7(/(.20h1ø.$6<21�+ø=0(7ø1'(�.8//$1,/0$6,
ø/(�ø/*ø/ø�ø/.�'(1(</(5
6XQL� X\GXODUÕQ� IÕUODWÕOPDVÕQGDQ� VRQUDNL� DGÕP�� QRNWDGDQ� QRNWD\D
NRP�QLNDV\RQX�G�Q\D�oHYUHVLQGHNL�X\GXODU�DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD�JHUoHNOHúWLUPH\L�GHQHPHNWL�
øON� GHQH\OHU�� $\¶Õ� ELU� \DQVÕWÕFÕ� JLEL� NXOODQDUDN� UDG\R� VLQ\DOOHULQLQ� SDVLI� QDNOLQL
JHUoHNOHúWLUPH\H�GD\DQÕ\RUGX������¶GD�� øQJLOWHUH�-RGUHOO�%DQN¶GD�EXOXQDQ�ELU� UDG\R
WHOHVNRSXQGDQ� J|QGHULOHQ� VLQ\DOOHU� $\� \�]H\LQGHQ� \DQVÕWÕODUDN� \DNODúÕN� �� VDQL\H
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 60
VRQUD� 0DVVDFKXVHWWV�&DPEULGJH�$PHULND¶GD� JHUL� DOÕQGÕ�� øON� X]D\� NRP�QLNDV\RQ
VLVWHPL��$PHULNDQ�'HQL]�.XYYHWOHUL�WDUDIÕQGDQ�NXUXODQ�YH�����������\ÕOODUÕ�DUDVÕQGD
+DZDLL� YH�:DVKLQJWRQ�'�&�� DUDVÕQGDNL� ED÷ODQWÕ\Õ� VD÷OD\DQ�&05� �&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
by Moon Relay) sistemiydi.
3DVLI� VLVWHPOHUOH� \DSÕODQ� GHQH\OHU�� $PHULNDQ� RUGXVXQXQ� ����¶GD� IÕUODWWÕ÷Õ�
DO�PLQL]H� HGLOPLú� SRO\HVWHUGHQ� \DSÕOPÕú� ��� P�� oDSÕQGDNL� ELU� EDORQ� RODQ� YH� UDG\R
VLQ\DOOHULQL�\DQVÕWDQ�(FKR����]HULQGH�GHYDP�HWWL��(FKR����+ROPGHO�1HZ�-HUVH\¶GHNL
%HOO� /DERUDWXYDUODUÕ� LOH� *ROGVWRQH�&DOLIRUQLD¶GDNL� 1$6$� \HU� LVWDV\RQX� DUDVÕQGD
\DSÕODQ�GHQH\VHO�WUDQVPLV\RQODUGD�L\L�VHV�NDOLWHVLQH�VDKLS�ED÷ODQWÕODU�JHUoHNOHúWLUGL�
%X�GHQH\OHU��LRQRVIHULN�SURSDJDV\RQGDQ�+)�UDG\R�IUHNDQVODUÕQD�J|UH�GDKD�D]
HWNLOHQHQ� 8+)� YH\D� GDKD� \�NVHN� IUHNDQVODUÕQ� X]DN� PHVDIH� WUDQVPLV\RQXQGDNL
YHULPOLOL÷LQL�J|VWHUGL�
9,����ø/.�7(/(.20h1ø.$6<21�8<'868��7(/67$5
����¶ODUÕQ�EDúODUÕQGD�$PHULND¶GDNL�%HOO�7HOHSKRQH�/DERUDWRULHVL�$77¶QLQ
GH� GHVWH÷L\OH� 7HOVWDU� X\GXODUÕQÕQ� GL]D\QÕQÕ� YH� \DSÕPÕQÕ� JHUoHNOHúWLUGL�� 1$6$¶QÕQ
SURMH\H� NDWNÕVÕ� X\GXODUÕQ� IÕUODWÕOPDVÕ� LOH� ED]Õ� WDNLS� YH� WHOHPHWUL� IRQNVL\RQODUÕQÕQ
VD÷ODQPDVÕ\GÕ��$77�LVH�SURMHQLQ�W�P�PDVUDIODUÕQÕ�NDUúÕODGÕ�
Telstar 1, 10 Temmuz 1962�de�G�Q\D\D�HQ�\DNÕQ�PHVDIHVL�����NP��HQ�X]DN
PHVDIHVL�LVH������NP��RODQ�ELU�/(2�\|U�QJH\H�IÕUODWÕOGÕ��7HOVWDU����oDSÕ����FP��RODQ
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 61
N�UHVHO� ELU� úHNOH� VDKLSWL� YH����NJ�� D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQGD\GÕ��<DSÕODQ���X\GXGDQ��¶VL� IÕUODWÕOGÕ�
7HOVWDU� XGXODUÕQÕQ� NXOODQGÕ÷Õ� IUHNDQVODU� ����� 0+]� �G�Q\DGDQ� X]D\D�� YH� ����
MHz(uzaydan dünyaya)�di.
Planlanan nihai sistem 10 000 � NP�� FLYDUÕQGDNL� \�NVHNOL÷H� VDKLS
\|U�QJHOHUH� \HUOHúWLULOPLú� ������� DNWLI� X\GXGDQ� ROXúDFDNWÕ�� ��� YH\D� GDKD� ID]OD
X\GXQXQ� WHN� ELU� IÕUODWÕOÕúOD� \|U�QJH\H� RWXUWXOPDVÕ� SODQODQGÕ�� %HOO� /DERUDWXYDUODUÕ�
SRODU� \|U�QJH\H� \HUOHúWLULOPLú� ���� HNYDWRUDO� \|U�QJH\H� \HUOHúWLULOPLú� ��� X\GX� LOH
G�Q\DQÕQ� KHUKDQJL� LNL� QRNWDVÕ� �]HULQGH� ]DPDQÕQ������¶XQGD� VHUYLV� YHUHELOHFHN� ELU
VLVWHPL�J|]|Q�QGH�EXOXQGXUGX��$77��VLVWHPLQ�N�UHVHO�NDSVDPD�VD÷OD\DELOPHVL�LoLQ
���\HU�LVWDV\RQXQD�VDKLS�ROPDVÕ�JHUHNWL÷L�|QHULVLQL�RUWD\D�DWWÕ�
7HOVWDU�J�QGH�PDNVLPXP�����GDNLND�V�UHVLQFH���79�NDQDO�YH\D�����WHOHIRQ
NDQDOÕQÕQ�$WODQWLN��]HULQGHQ�QDNOLQL�VD÷OD\DELOL\RUGX��$WODQWLN��]HULQGHQ�\DSÕODQ�LON
televizyon, faks, telefon ve data transmisyonu da yine Telstar sistemi üzerinden
JHUoHNOHúWLULOGL�
VI.4. SYNCOM
6\QFRP� SURJUDPÕ�� X\GXODUÕ� JHRVWDWLRQDU\� \|U�QJH\H� IÕUODWPD� YH� EXUDGD
WXWDELOPHQLQ�\DQÕ�VÕUD��X\GX�KDUHNHWOHULQL�NRQWURO�HGHELOPHQLQ�P�PN�Q�ROGX÷XQX�GD
J|VWHUGL�� ùXEDW� ����¶GH� IÕUODWÕODQ� 6\QFRP���� PRWRU� DUÕ]DVÕ� VHEHEL\OH� JHRVWDWLRQDU\
\|U�QJH\H�XODúDPDGÕ��6\QFRP���7HPPX]�����¶GH�JHRVWDWLRQDU\�\|U�QJH\H�EDúDUÕ\OD
IÕUODWÕOGÕ�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 62
1$6$�LoLQ�+XJKHV�WDUDIÕQGDQ�\DSÕODQ�6\QFRP�X\GXODUÕ����NJ��D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQGD\GÕ
YH���:¶OÕN�KDILI�7:7�DPILOHUL�WDúÕPDNWD\GÕ��%HOOL�VD\ÕGD�LNL�\|QO��VHV�GHYUHVLQL�YH
ELU�79�NDQDOÕQÕ�GHVWHNOH\HELOL\RUODUGÕ��$÷XVWRV�����¶WH�IÕUODWÕODQ�6\QFRP����X\GX�LOH
LOJLOL� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� GHQH\OHULQLQ� \DQÕ� VÕUD� 7RN\R� 2OLPSL\DW� 2\XQODUÕ¶QGDQ
\DSÕODQ� 79� VLQ\DO� JHoLúLQL� GH� GHVWHNOHGL� NL� EX� GD� N�UHVHO� X\GX� NRP�QLNDV\RQ
VLVWHPLQL�WLFDUL�WHPHOGH�X\JXODPD\D�JHoLUPH�NDUDUÕQÕ�ROGXNoD�HWNLOHGL�
VI.5.INTELSAT
9,������,17(/6$7�1('ø5�"
8\GX� �]HULQGHQ� QRNWDGDQ� QRNWD\D� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQXQ� EDúDUÕVÕQÕQ
J|U�OPHVL�� N�UHVHO� ELU� X\GX� NRP�QLNDV\RQ� VLVWHPL� NXUXOPDVÕ� NDUDUÕQÕQ� DOÕQPDVÕQÕ
NROD\ODúWÕUGÕ��$QFDN��EX�NRQXGD�ROGXNoD�|QHPOL�ELU�WLFDUL�ULVNLQ�EXOXQPDVÕ�VHEHEL\OH
\HQL� X\GX� VLVWHPLQL� LúOHWHFHN� � XOXVODUDUDVÕ� ELU� RUJDQL]DV\RQ� ROXúWXUXOGX�� %|\OHFH
�����\ÕOÕQGD�����ONHQLQ�NDWÕOGÕ÷Õ�JHoLFL�ELU�G�]HQOHPH�LOH�,17(/6$7�NXUXOGX�
6HUYLV�DODQÕ�DoÕVÕQGDQ�G�Q\DQÕQ�HQ�JHQLú�WLFDUL�X\GX�WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�VHUYLV
VD÷OD\ÕFÕVÕ� RODQ� ,17(/6$7� NDU� DPDFÕ� J�WPH\HQ� ELU� RUJDQL]DV\RQGXU� YH� ���¶GHQ
ID]OD� �\H� �ONHVL� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� ,17(/6$7�N�UHVHO� X\GX� VLVWHPL� E�W�Q� NÕWDODUGDNL
PLO\DUODUFD� LQVDQD� WHOHIRQ�� WHOHYL]\RQ�YH�GDWD� VHUYLVOHUL� VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU�� ,17(/6$7�
N�UHVHO�X\GX�NDSVDPDVÕ�YH�ED÷ODQWÕVÕ�VD÷OD\DQ�LON�RUJDQL]DV\RQGXU�
,17(/6$7¶ÕQ� LON� NRP�QLNDV\RQ� X\GXVX� ,17(/6$7�,� )�¶GL�� +XJKHV
WDUDIÕQGDQ� \DSÕODQ� YH� 1LVDQ� ����¶GH� IÕUODWÕODQ� ,17(/6$7�,� )�� ����� NJ�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 63
D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQGD\GÕ� YH� oDSÕ� ��� FP��� � \�NVHNOL÷L� ��� FP�� RODQ� VLOLQGLULN� ELU� úHNOH� VDKLSWL�
,17(/6$7�,�)��� ,17(/6$7�DGÕQD�&206$7�WDUDIÕQGDQ� LúOHWLOGL�� ,17(/6$7�,�)�
geostationary yörüngedeki ilk ticari uyduydu. Atlantik okyanusunun üzerine
\HUOHúWLULOHQ�YH�������±������*+]� �G�Q\DGDQ�X]D\D��� ������±� ������*+]� �X]D\GDQ
G�Q\D\D�� IUHNDQVODUÕQÕ� NXOODQDQ� ,17(/6$7�,� )��� ���� VHV� GHYUHVLQL� YH\D� �� 79
NDQDOÕQÕ� GHVWHNOL\RUGX�� ��� \ÕO� VRQUD� VHUYLVH� YHULOHQ� ,17(/6$7� 9,� LVH� ����� NJ�
D÷ÕUOÕ÷ÕQGD� ROXS� ��� ���� WHOHIRQ� GHYUHVLQH� LODYH� RODUDN� �� 79� NDQDOÕQÕ� GD
GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU�� ��� -HQHUDV\RQ� ,17(/6$7� 9,,� X\GXVX� LVH� D÷ÕUOÕN� DoÕVÕQGDQ
NHQGLVLQGHQ� |QFH� JHOHQ� X\GXODUD� J|UH� ELUD]� ID]OD� ROPDVÕQD� NDUúÕQ� SHN� oRN� WHNQLN
JHOLúPHOHU�VRQXFX���������WHOHIRQ�NDQDOÕQÕ�GHVWHNOH\HELOPHNWHGLU�
9,������,17(/6$7¶,1�)21.6ø<21/$5,�1(/(5'ø5�"
,17(/6$7��E�W�Q�NÕWDODUGDNL����¶GHQ�ID]OD��ONHGH�EXOXQDQ�NXOODQÕFÕODUÕQD��
DQD� VHUYLV� VXQDU�� VHV�GDWD� YH� YLGHR� VHUYLVOHUL�� ,17(/6$7�� G�Q\DQÕQ� KHUKDQJL� LNL
QRNWDVÕ�DUDVÕQGD��ED÷ODQWÕ�NXUDELOPHNWHGLU�
9,������,17(/6$7�+$1*ø�8<'8�.$<1$./$5,1$�6$+ø37ø5�"
'L÷HU� WLFDUL� RUJDQL]DV\RQODUGDQ� GDKD� � ID]OD� VD\ÕGD� X\GX\D� VDKLS� RODQ
,17(/6$7¶ÕQ�JHRVWDWLRQDU\�\|U�QJH\H� \HUOHúWLULOPLú� ��¶GHQ� ID]OD� \�NVHN� J�oO�� YH
WHNQLN� DoÕGDQ� JHOLúPLú� X\GXVX� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� ,17(/6$7� VLVWHPLQH� HULúLP� LoLQ
ELQOHUFH� \HU� LVWDV\RQX� EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�� ùX� DQGD� NXOODQÕOPDNWD� RODQ� ,17(/6$7
X\GXODUÕ�DúD÷ÕGDNL�VHULOHUGHQ�ROXúPDNWDGÕU�
· INTELSAT V/V-A serisi
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 64
· INTELSAT VI serisi
· INTELSAT VII /VII-A serisi
· INTELSAT K
$\UÕFD��,17(/6$7�9,,,���9,,,�$�VHULVL�X\GXODU��]HULQGHNL�oDOÕúPDODU�GHYDP
HWPHNWH�ROXS�EX�X\GXODU������\ÕOÕQÕQ�RUWDODUÕQGD�WDPDPÕ\OD��VHUYLVH�YHULOHFHNWLU�
VI.5.4. INTELSAT NASIL ÇALIªIR ?
,17(/6$7�VHV�WLFDUHWL�SUHQVLSOHULQH�X\JXQ�RODUDN�LúOHWLOLU��6LVWHPLQ��\HOHULQH
DLW� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�NXUXOXúODUÕ� VLVWHPL�NXOODQPDODUÕ�QLVSHWLQGH� VLVWHP� LoLQ�NDSLWDO
VD÷ODPDNWD� YH� \DSWÕNODUÕ� \DWÕUÕP� |Oo�V�QGH� GH� ,17(/6$7¶WDQ� JHOLU� HOGH
HWPHNWHGLUOHU��.XOODQÕFÕODU�E�W�Q�,17(/6$7�VHUYLVOHUL�LoLQ��FUHW�|GHUOHU�YH��FUHWOHU
VHUYLVLQ� WLSLQH�� PLNWDUÕQD� YH� V�UHVLQH� ED÷OÕ� RODUDN� GH÷LúLU�� +HUKDQJL� ELU� �ONH�� �\H
ROVXQ� YH\D� ROPDVÕQ� ,17(/6$7¶,� NXOODQDELOLU�� %D]Õ� ,17(/6$7� �\HOHUL�� NHQGL
�ONHOHUL� LoLQGH� ,17(/6$7� VHUYLVL� VD÷OD\DFDN� ED]Õ� RUJDQL]DV\RQODUD� \HWNL
YHUPLúOHUGLU�� ,17(/6$7� úX� DQGD� ���¶GHQ� ID]OD� \HWNL� VDKLEL� P�úWHUL\H� VDKLSWLU�
,17(/6$7� LOH� LOJLOL� NDUDUODU� �\H� �ONHOHULQ� JHQHO� J|U�úOHUL� GR÷UXOWXVXQGD
DOÕQPDNWDGÕU�
9,������,17(/6$7�6ø67(0ø1ø�.ø0/(5�.8//$1,5�"
�,17(/6$7� W�P� G�Q\DGD� DUWDQ� VD\ÕGDNL�P�úWHUL\H� KL]PHW� YHUPHNWHGLU�� %X
P�úWHULOHULQ� EDúOÕFDODUÕ� DQD� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� RSHUDW|UOHULGLU�� gUQH÷LQ�� %7� �%ULWLVK
Telecom), France Telekom ve Deutsche Telekom gibi temel uzak mesafe telefon
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 65
KL]PHWL� VD÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕ�� '%6�� %%&�� &11�� (%8� �(XURSHDQ� %URDGFDVWLQJ� 8QLRQ�� YH
$%8� �$VLDQ� %URDGFDVWLQJ� 8QLRQ�� � JLEL� KDEHU�� VSRU� YH� H÷OHQFH� SURJUDPODUÕQÕQ
LOHWLPLQGH�,17(/6$7¶Õ�NXOODQDQ�\D\ÕQ��úLUNHWOHUL��$\UÕFD��XoDN�úLUNHWOHUL���EDQNDODU�
SHWURO� úLUNHWOHUL�� KDEHU� YH� ILQDQV� ELOJL� VHUYLVOHUL� �5HXWHUV�� $JHQFH� )UDQFH� 3UHVVH�
,7$5�7DVV��� JD]HWHOHU�� VD÷OÕN� RUJDQL]DV\RQODUÕ�� E|OJHVHO� HNRQRPLN� RUJDQL]DV\RQODU
GD�,17(/6$7¶ÕQ�NXOODQÕFÕODUÕ�DUDVÕQGDGÕU�
9,������,17(/6$7�6(59ø6/(5ø
,17(/6$7�WDUDIÕQGDQ�YHULOHQ�VHUYLVOHU�
· Ses/data servisleri (64 Kb/s � 155 Mb/s)
· Video servisleri
· CLASS (Commercial Launch Support Serice)
VI.6. INMARSAT
,10$56$7�� ����� \ÕOÕQGD� GHQL]� KDEHUOHúPHVL� LoLQ� N�UHVHO� PRELO� X\GX
NRP�QLNDV\RQ� KL]PHWOHUL� VD÷ODPDN� DPDFÕ\OD� NXUXOPXú� XOXVODUDUDVÕ� � ELU
RUJDQL]DV\RQGXU��,10$56$7�EXJ�Q�����\H��ONH\H�VDKLS�ROXS�\DOQÕ]�GHQL]GH�GH÷LO
kara ve havada da küresel mobil uydu kominikasyon hizmetleri (ses, data, faks)
VXQPDNWDGÕU�
,10$56$7�G�Q\D\Õ���RN\DQXV�E|OJHVLQH�D\ÕUPÕú�ROXS��NXWXSODUD�NDGDU�WDP
ELU� N�UHVHO� NDSVDPD� VD÷ODPÕúWÕU�� ,10$56$7� X\GXODUÕ� JHRVWDWLRQDU\� \|U�QJH\H
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 66
\HUOHúWLULOPLú� ROXS�� G�Q\D\D� X]DNOÕNODUÕ� ������ NP�¶GLU�� .DUDGDNL� VHUYLVOHU
INMARSAT-A, INMARSAT-B, INMARSAT-C ve INMARSAT-M, denizdeki
servisler INMARSAT-A, INMARSAT-B+M ve INMARSAT-C, havadaki servisler
LVH��$HUR�&��$HUR�+��$HUR�,�YH�$HUR�/�X\GXODUÕ�WDUDIÕQGDQ�VD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU�
9,����<(5(/�9(�%g/*(6(/�8<'8�6ø67(0/(5ø
,17(/6$7�YH�,10$56$7�JLEL�N�UHVHO�X\GX�VLVWHPOHULQLQ�EDúDUÕVÕ�SHN�oRN
�ONHQLQ� \HUHO� YH\D� E|OJHVHO� X\GX� VLVWHPOHUL� NXUPDVÕQD� VHEHS� ROGX�� %X� VLVWHPOHULQ
ED]ÕODUÕ�úXQODUGÕU�
· Endonezya:� 3DODSD� X\GXVX�������� ����� DGDGDQ� ROXúDQ� (QGRQH]\D� X\GX
NRP�QLNDV\RQX� LoLQ� LGHDO� ELU� RUWDP� ROXúWXUXU�� 3DODSD¶QÕQ� LNLQFL� QHVLO� X\GXODUÕ
E|OJHGHNL�GL÷HU��ONHOHUH�GH�KL]PHW�HWPH\H�EDúODPÕúWÕU�
· Avrupa: 1977�de kurulan EUTELSAT, CEPT�in 17 üyesinin temsilsileri
WDUDIÕQGDQ� NXUXOPXúWXU�� (87(/6$7�� X]DN� PHVDIH� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� WUDIL÷LQL
NDUúÕODPDN� LoLQ� NXUXOPXú� ROPDNOD� EHUDEHU� JHOLULQLQ� HQ� E�\�N� NÕVPÕQÕ� 79
SURJUDPODUÕQÕQ�LOHWLPLQGHQ�ND]DQPDNWDGÕU�
· $UDS� %LUOL÷L�� $UDEVDW�� ����¶GD� $UDS� %LUOL÷L¶QLQ� ��� �\HVL� WDUDIÕQGDQ�� $UDSoD
NRQXúXODQ� E|OJHOHUGH� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� YH� 79� LOHWLP� VHUYLVOHUL� VD÷ODPDN
DPDFÕ\OD�NXUXOGX�
· Avusturalya: $XVVDW� 3W\�� /WG��� $YXVWXUDO\D� K�N�PHWLQLQ� GH� GHVWH÷L\OH� ����
\ÕOÕQGD�NXUXOGX�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 67
VI.8. GMPCS (GLOBAL MOBILE PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS BY
6$7(//,7(��6ø67(0/(5ø
GMPCS sistemleri, telekomünikasyon ve yD\ÕQ� WUDIL÷L� WDúÕ\DQ� JHOHQHNVHO
X\GX� VLVWHPOHULQGHQ� IDUNOÕGÕU�� %X� VLVWHPOHU� HQG�VWULGH� E�\�N� YH� N�o�N� /(2� �/RZ
(DUWK�2UELW�� VLVWHPOHU� RODUDN� DQÕODQ� \HQL� ELU� WLS� X\GX� WHNQRORMLVLQH� GD\DQPDNWDGÕU�
/(2�X\GXODU� ROGXNoD� N�o�N� ROXS� JHOHQHNVHO� NRP�QLNDV\RQ� X\GXODUÕQD� J|UH� G�Q\D
\�]H\LQH� oRN� GDKD� \DNÕQ� \|U�QJHOHUH� \HUOHúWLULOLUOHU�� %X� VHEHSOH� /(2� X\GXODU�� FHS
WHOHIRQODUÕ�NDGDU�N�o�N�FLKD]ODUOD�JHOHQ�VLQ\DOOHUL�DODELOPH�DYDQWDMÕQD�VDKLSWLUOHU�
*03&6�DODQÕQGD��JHQHO�RODUDN���IDUNOÕ�VLVWHP�|]HO�RUJDQL]DV\RQODU�WDUDIÕQGDQ
önerilmektedir: Küçük ve büyük LEO sistemler. Küçük LEO sistemleri 1 metreküp
KDFPLQGHNL�N�o�N�X\GXODUÕ�NXOODQDFDN�YH�PRELO�GDWD�YH�PHVDM�VHUYLVOHUL�YHUHFHNWLU�
%X� X\GXODU� GDWD�� HOHNWURQLN� SRVWD�� HOHNWURQLN� IDNV� YH� LNL� \|QO�� oD÷UÕ� VHUYLVOHUL� LoLQ
NXOODQÕODFDNWÕU�� � %�\�N� /(2� VLVWHPOHUL� LVH� GDKD� E�\�N� X\GXODU� ROXS� \XNDUÕGD
EDKVHGLOHQ�VHUYLVOHULQ�\DQÕ�VÕUD�VHV�LOHWLúLPLQL�GH�GHVWHNOHPHNWHGLU��%X�X\GXODU��N�o�N
NLúLVHO� HO� WHUPLQDOOHUL� LOH� N�UHVHO� PRELO� WHOHIRQ� VHUYLVLQL� VD÷ODPDN� DPDFÕ\OD
NXOODQÕODFDNWÕU�
En önemli GMPCS projeleri Iridium, Globalstar, Odyssey ve Türkiye�nin de
\DWÕUÕPFÕODUÕ� DUDVÕQGD� EXOXQGX÷X� ,&2� SURMHOHUL� ROXS�� EX� SURMHOHULQ� |]HOOLNOHUL
TABLO.7. ve TABLO.8.�de görülmektedir.
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 68
9,����7h5.ø<(¶'(�8<'8�+$%(5/(ù0(6ø
7�UNL\H¶GH� XOXVODUDUDVÕ� WHOHIRQ� WUDIL÷LQLQ� \DNODúÕN� ���¶�� YH� �ONH� JHQHOLQGH
\D\ÕQ� \DSDQ� ��� 79� YH� UDG\R� NXUXOXúXQXQ� SURJUDP� QDNLOOHUL� X\GX� KDEHUOHúPH
VLVWHPOHUL� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� VD÷ODQPDNNWDGÕU�� � $\UÕFD� NDUDVDO� KDEHUOHúPH� VLVWHPOHULQH
DOWHUQDWLI� RODUDN�� |]HOOLNOH� WUDQVPLV\RQ� VD÷ODQPDVÕQGD� J�oO�N� oHNLOHQ� � 'R÷X� YH
*�QH\GR÷X� E|OJHOHULQGH� LOoH� YH� N|\OHULQ� WHOHIRQ� KDEHUOHúPHVL� LoLQ� ,%6�,'5� X\GX
WHUPLQDOOHUL�GH�\D\JÕQ�RODUDN�NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU�
7�UNL\H�� ,17(/6$7¶ÕQ� ����� (87(/6$7¶ÕQ� ���� 9H� ,10$56$7¶ÕQ� LVH� ���
E�\�N� NXOODQÕFÕVÕGÕU�� +DOHQ� $.$���� $.$���� $.$���� $7$��� YH� $7$��� JLEL� DQD
X\GX�\HU�LVWDV\RQODUÕ��QDNOHQ�79�\D\ÕQÕ�YH�KDEHU�JHoLúOHUL�DPDFÕ\OD�NXOODQÕODQ���DGHW
PRELO�X\GX�\HU�LVWDV\RQX�YH�GH÷LúLN�VWDQGDUWODUGD�WRSODP����DOÕú�YH�YHULú�|]HOOL÷LQH
VDKLS�X\GX�\HU�LVWDV\RQX�LOH�����DGHW�X\GX�79�YH�UDG\R�DOÕú�LVWDV\RQX��7952�552�
7�UN�7HOHNRP�WDUDIÕQGDQ�LúOHWLOPHNWHGLU�
Radyo link, fiber kablo ve havai hat gibi karasal transmisyon sistemleri ile
KL]PHW�J|W�U�OHPH\HQ�YH\D�PHYFXW�VLVWHPOHULQ�LúOHWLOPHVLQGH�VRUXQODUOD�NDUúÕODúÕODQ
LOoH�YH\D�N|\�JLEL�\HUOHúLP�PHUNH]OHULQGH��FR÷UDIL�NRúXOODUGDQ�HWNLOHQPH\HQ��PRQWDM�
EDNÕP� YH� LúOHWPHVL� NROD\� ,%6� WLSL� X\GX� \HU� WHUPLQDOOHUL� NXUXOPDN� VXUHWL\OH
7h5.6$7�X\GXODUÕ��]HULQGHQ�KDEHUOHúPH�LPNDQÕ�VD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU�
0HYFXW� X\GX� KDEHUOHúPH� úHEHNHVLQLQ� JHQLúOHWLOHUHk ülke genelinde
\D\JÕQODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ� YH� |]HOOLNOH� 'R÷X� YH� *�QH\GR÷X� $QDGROX� %|OJHOHULQGHNL
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 69
KDEHUOHúPH� DOW\DSÕVÕQÕ� J�oOHQGLUPHN� DPDFÕ\OD�� KDOHQ� VHUYLVWH� EXOXQDQ� �� 0E�V�� ��
NDQDO� NDSDVLWHOL� ,%6� VLVWHPOHULQH� LODYHWHQ�� 7h5.6$7� � X\GXODU� �]HULQGHQ� GDKD� D]
X]D\�NHVLPL�NXOODQDUDN�oDOÕúDFDN�RODQ�����.ESV�,'5�X\GX�\HU�LVWDV\RQODUÕQÕQ�WHPLQL
LoLQ�SURMHOHQGLULOPH�oDOÕúPDODUÕ�WDPDPODQPÕú�ROXS�EX�VLVWHPOHULQ������\ÕOÕ�LoHULVLQGH
KL]PHWH�VXQXOPDVÕ�SODQODQPDNWDGÕU�
$\UÕFD�� VDQWUDOÕ� EXOXQPD\DQ� N|\�� PH]UD� JLEL� \HUOHúLP� ELUimlerindeki
DERQHOHUH� GR÷UXGDQ� 3671¶H� ED÷ODQWÕ� RODQD÷Õ� YH� LOoH�� N|\� JLEL� N�o�N� WLS� VDQWUDOÕ
EXOXQDQ� \HUOHúLP� ELULPOHULQLQ� GH� X\GX� �]HULQGHQ� 3671� úHEHNHVLQH� HULúLPLQL
VD÷OD\DFDN� RODQ� �� YH\D� �� NDQDO� NDSDVLWHOL� 7(6� WLSL� X\GX� \HU� WHUPLQDOOHULQLQ� DOÕP
V|]OHúPHVL�LP]DODQPÕú�ROXS�EX�VLVWHPOHU������\ÕOÕ�LoHULVLQGH�VHUYLVH�YHULOHFHNWLU�
7h5.6$7� X\GXODUÕ� �]HULQGHQ�� EHOOL� ELU� PHUNH]� YH� FR÷UDIL� DoÕGDQ� GD÷ÕQÕN
ELULPOHUH� VDKLS� KROGLQJ�� RWHO�� EDQND� JLEL� |]HO� úLUNHWOHUH� oRN� N�o�N� oDSOÕ� X\GX
WHUPLQDOOHUL� YDVÕWDVÕ\OD� ��� .ESV� KÕ]ÕQD� NDGDU� GDWD� KDEHUOHúPHVL� VD÷OD\DQ� 96$7
�9HU\� 6PDOO�$SHUWXUH� 7HUPLQDO�� úHEHNHOHUL�� ����� \ÕOÕQGD� LP]DODQDQ� JHOLU� SD\ODúÕP
V|]OHúPHOHUL� NDSVDPÕQGD� IDDOL\HWH� JHoHQ� 78596$7� YH� 9(5ø1(7� úLUNHWOHULQFH
ROXúWXUXOPD\D�EDúODQÕOPÕúWÕU�
TÜRKSAT7h5.6$7���%�X\GXVX����GHUHFH�GR÷X�SR]LV\RQXQD�����������¶WH�EDúDUÕ\OD
\HUOHúWLULOPLúWLU��<|U�QJH� WHVWOHULQLQ� DUGÕQGDQ�7h5.6$7��%������������ WDULKLQGHQ
LWLEDUHQ�VHUYLVH�YHULOPLúWLU��7h5.6$7��&�LVH�7�UNL\H�YH�$YUXSD�LOH�7�UNL\H�YH�2UWD
$V\D¶\D�D\QÕ�DQGD�VHUYLV�YHUPHN�YH�$YUXSD�LOH�2UWD�$V\D�DUDVÕQGD�GR÷UXGDQ�ED÷ODQWÕ
NXUDELOPHN�DPDFÕ\OD��EDWÕ� VSRWXQGD�7�UNL\H�YH�$YUXSD��GR÷X�VSRWXQGD� LVH�7�UNL\H
YH�2UWD�$V\D¶\Õ�NDSVDPDN��]HUH�WDVDUODQPÕúWÕU�������������WDULKLQGH�IÕUODWÕOPÕú�RODQ
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 70
7h5.6$7��&�X\GXVXQXQ�GR÷X�YH�EDWÕ�VSRWODUÕQÕQ�NXOODQÕPÕ�LOH�ELU�oRN�79�SURJUDP
NDQDOÕ� LOH� UDG\R� � NDQDOÕQÕQ� GD÷ÕWÕPÕQÕQ� \DSÕOPDVÕQÕQ� \DQÕ� VÕUD� 2UWD� $V\D� YH
*�QH\GR÷X� $QDGROX� E|OJHOHULQH� ,%6� WHOHIRQ� KL]PHWL� LOH� 96$7� GDWD� KDEHUOHúPH
hizmeti verilmektedir.
7h5.6$7� X\GXODUÕQÕQ� NRQWURO��� J|]OHPOHQPHVL� YH� \|U�QJH� PDQHYUDODUÕ
*|OEDúÕ¶QGD�DQD�� YH� 2'7h¶GH�\HGHN�� EXOXQDQ� LNL� DGHW� X\GX� NRQWURO� LVWDV\RQX
YDVÕWDVÕ\OD�JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHNWHGLU�
9,,����1(6ø/�02%ø/�+$%(5/(ù0(�6ø67(0/(5ø
VII.1.PCN (PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS) / PCS(PERSONAL
COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES)
$YUXSD¶GD�3&1��$PHULND¶GD�LVH�3&6�RODUDN�DQÕODQ�NLúLVHO�KDEHUOHúPH�VLVWHPL
NDYUDPÕQÕQ�DOWÕQGD�\DWDQ�WHPHO�G�ú�QFH�KHU�ELUH\H�WHN�ELU�NXOODQÕFÕ�NLPOLN�QXPDUDVÕ
YHULOPHVL� SUHQVLELGLU�� %X� QXPDUD� LOH�� NLúL\H� QHUHGH� ROXUVD� ROVXQ�� KHUKDQJL� ELU
]DPDQGD��NHQGLVLQLQ�QHUHGH�ROGX÷XQX�ELOPH\HQ�ELU�EDúND�NLúL�WDUDIÕQGDQ�HULúLOHELOLU�
*�Q�P�]GH�� W�P�G�Q\DFD�NDE�O� HGLOPLú�ELU�361�3&6� WDQÕP�YH\D� WDVDUÕP�NDYUDPÕ
EXOXQPDPDNOD�EHUDEHU��361�3&6�VLVWHPOHULQLQ�VD÷ODPDVÕ�JHUHNWL÷L�JHQHO�|]HOOLNOHUOH
LOJLOL�ROGXNoD�NDSVDPOÕ�ELU�RUWDN�J|U�ú�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
PCN/PCS sistemlerinin temel özellikleri
· Yüksek kapasite
· .�o�N�HO�WHUPLQDOOHUL�YH�GDKD�X]XQ�NRQXúPD�YH�VWDQGE\�V�UHOHUL
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 71
· .LúLVHO�WHN�ELU�WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�QXPDUDVÕ
· .�UHVHO�GRODúÕP�\HWHQH÷L
3&1�3&6�VLVWHPOHULQLQ�VD÷OD\DFD÷Õ�VHUYLVOHU
· 0HVDM�VHUYLVOHUL��VHV�YH�HOHNWURQLN�SRVWDL�IDNV��NÕVD�PHVDM�VHUYLVL�JLEL�
· (N�VHUYLVOHU��oD÷UÕ�\|QOHQGLUPH��oD÷UÕ�EHNOHWPH��oD÷UÕ�\|QOHQGLUPH�
· '�ú�N�ELW�KÕ]ODUÕQGD�NDOLWHVL�JHOLúWLULOPLú�VHV�VHUYLVOHUL
· <�NVHN�KÕ]GD�GDWD�VHUYLVOHUL
· WLL(Wireless Local Loop)
· Kablosuz PABX
3&1�3&6�VLVWHPOHULQLQ� WHPHO�|]HOOLNOHUL�NRQXVXQGD�RUWDN�ELU�J|U�ú�ROXúPXú
ROPDNOD�EHUDEHU�EX�VLVWHPOHUH�DLW�úHEHNHOHULQ��V|]NRQXVX�JHUHNVLQLPOHUL��NDUúÕOD\DFDN
úHNLOGH� QDVÕO� WDVDUODQDFD÷Õ� YH� KDQJL� WHNQRORMLOHULQ� NXOODQÕODFD÷Õ� NRQXVXQGD� IDUNOÕ
|QHULOHU�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU�
VII.2. UMTS(UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS) /
FPLMTS(FUTURE PUBLIC-LAND-MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS)
%LULQFL� YH� LNLQFL� QHVLO� VLVWHPOHU� LOH� NLúLVHO� NRP�QLNDV\RQ� VLVWHPOHUL
LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH��PHYFXW�PRELO�úHEHNHOHULQ�3671¶H�VDGHFH�ELU�NDo�QRNWDGDQ�ED÷OÕ�RODQ
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 72
WDPDPÕ\OD�ED÷ÕPVÕ]�úHEHNHOHU�ROGXNODUÕ�J|U�O�U��%X�oHúLWOL�PRELO� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ
VHUYLVOHUL��YH�úHEHNHOHULQLQ���PHYFXW�PRELO�VLVWHPOHUOH�VD÷ODQDQ�VHUYLVOHUOH�LODYH�ED]Õ
VHUYLVOHUL� YHUHELOHFHN� úHNLOGH� GDKD� D]� VD\ÕGDNL� �� KDWWD� WHN�� � \HQL� ELU� úHEHNH� \DSÕVÕ
LoHULVLQGH�HQWHJUDV\RQXQX�VD÷ODPDN�LoLQ�LNL�VWUDWHMLN�SURMH�EXOXQPDNWDGÕU��(76,¶QLQ
UMTS projesi ve ITU(International Telecommunication Union)�nun FPLMTS
projesi.
$YUXSD¶GD� WHOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ� DODQÕQGDNL� DUDúWÕUPDODU� &(&� �&RPPLVVLRQ� RI
(XURSHDQ�&RPPXQLW\��WDUDIÕQGDQ�5$&(��5HVHDUFK�LQ�$GYDQFHG�&RPPXQLFDWLRQV�LQ
(XURSH�� SURJUDPÕ� DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD� \DSÕOPDNWDGÕU�� 5$&(� SURJUDPÕ� 8076� LOH� LOJLOL
projeleri (MONET, CODIT, ATDMA, MAVT, TSUNAMI, SAINT ve MBS gibi) de
LoHUPHNWHGLU�� 5$&(�0RELO� 3URMHOHULQLQ� |QHPOL� ELU� DPDFÕ� GD� DUDúWÕUPD� VRQXoODUÕQÕ
VWDQGDUWODúPD� LOH� LOJLOL�RUJDQODUD� �(76,¶\H�� LOHWPHNWLU��(76,¶QLQ�60*��DOW�NRPLWHVL
UMTS�in standardizasyonundan sorumludur. SMG5�e göre UMTS�in
VSHVLILNDV\RQODUÕ� ����¶GH� WDPDPODQPÕú� ROPDOÕGÕU�� 6HUYLVLQ� EDúODPDVÕ� LVH� JHOHFHN
\�]\ÕOGD�VD÷ODQDELOHFHNWLU�
Tüm dünyada 3. nesil mobil telekomünikasyon isitemlerinin standardizasyonu
görevi ITU (International Telecommunication Union)�nun alt sektörleri olan ITU-R
�5DG\R�6HNW|U���YH�,78�7��7HOHNRP�QLNDV\RQ�6HNW|U���WDUDIÕQGDQ�SD\ODúÕOPÕúWÕU��%X
LNL� VHNW|U� DUDVÕQGDNL� NRRUGLQDV\RQ� 6HNW|UOHUDUDVÕ� .RRUGLQDV\RQ� *UXEX� WDUDIÕQGDQ
VD÷ODQPDNWDGÕU�
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 73
<XNDUÕGD� DGÕ� JHoHQ� VWDQGDUGL]DV\RQ� RUJDQODUÕ� �(76,�� ,78�5� YH� ,78�7�
LOHWLúLP� KDOLQGH� oDOÕúDUDN� $YUXSD¶QÕQ� 8076� J|U�ú�� LOH� ,78¶QXQ� )3/076
J|U�ú�Q�Q�X\XPOX�YH�SDUDOHO�JHOLúLPLQL�VD÷ODPDNWÕU�
8076¶LQ� DPDFÕ� PHYFXW� E�W�Q� PRELO� VHUYLVOHUL� ELUOHúWLUHQ� WHN� ELU� VWDQGDUW
DOW\DSÕ� ROXúWXUPDNWÕU�� )3/076� LVH�� UDG\R� NDSVDPDVÕQÕQ� SHN� oRN� SDUDPHWUH\H� J|UH
GH÷LúPHVL�VHEHEL\OH�oHúLWOL�5)� WUDQVPLV\RQ� WHNQLNOHUL�YH� IUHNDQV�EDQGODUÕ� LoHUHQ�ELU
DOW\DSÕ� ROXúWXUPD� ILNULQH� GD\DQÕU�� 7HPHOGHNL� EX� ILNLU� D\UÕOÕ÷ÕQD� UD÷PHQ� KHU� LNL
VLVWHPLQ� GH� VXQPD\Õ� SODQODGÕ÷Õ� VHUYLVOHU� EHQ]HUGLU� �JHQLú� ELU� FR÷UDIL� NDSVDPD
DODQÕQGD� KDUDNHW� KDOLQGHNL� NXOODQÕFÕODUD� VHV�� \�NVHN� KÕ]GD� � GDWD�� NDOLWHOL� J|U�QW�
WUDQVPLV\RQ� LPNDQODUÕ�VXQPDN�� ,6'1¶L�GHVWHNOHPHN��3671¶H�X\XPOXOX÷X�NRUXPDN
v.b.).
TUENA Mobil Komünikasyon Sistemleri
2102-M-T-A-02.doc 74
KAYNAKÇA
· http://www.mot.com/MIMS/MSPG/CTSD/white_papers/flex_fact_shett.html
· http://jura2.eee.rgu.ac.uk/dsk5/eee/mobile%20comms/dect.html
· http://www.ermesmousg.org
· http://www.refreq.com/braddye
· http://www.cwt.vt.edu/faq/is95.htm
· http://www.cellular.co.za/celltech.htm
· http://www.nokia.com
· http://www.gare.co.uk
· http://www.dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/plaza/he13/orbhist1.htm
· http://www.intelsat.com
· http://www.inmarsat.org
· http://www.itu.int/pforum
· http://www.uoknor.edu/engineering/enc/standard/html
· Mobile Communications in the US and Europe: Regulation, Technology, and Markets by Michael
Paetsch
· 7�UN 7HOHNRP $�ù )DDOL\HW 5DSRUX �������
· Mobile Communications International, issue 37-December 1996/January 1997
$036
$GYDQFHG 0RELOH 3KRQH 6\VWHP� %HOO /DERUDWXYDUODUÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ ����OHUGH JHOLúWLULOGL YH ����GH %LUOHúLN'HYOHWOHUGH �8�6�� WLFDUL RODUDN LON NH] NXOODQÕOGÕ� 6LVWHP ��� 0+] EDQGÕQGD oDOÕúÕU YH úX DQGD G�Q\DQÕQ NDSVDPDDODQÕ HQ JHQLú RODQ K�FUHVHO VWDQGDUWÕGÕU�
&��������OHUGH *�QH\ $IULNDGD NXUXOGX� &�1HW]H EHQ]HU ELU VLVWHPGLU� ùX DQGD 0RWRUSKRQH DGÕ\OD ELOLQPHNWHGLU YH9RGDFRP 6�$� WDUDIÕQGDQ LúOHWLOPHNWHGLU�
&�1HW]$OPDQ\D YH $YXVWXU\DGD EXOXQDQ HVNL ELU K�FUHVHO WHNQRORMLGLU� ��� 0+]GH oDOÕúÕU�
&RPYLN$÷XVWRV ����GH øVYHoWH &RPYLN úHEHNHVL WDUDIÕQGDQ LúOHWLPH DoÕOPÕú ELU VLVWHPGLU�
1�$0361DUURZEDQG $GYDQFHG 0RELOH 3KRQH 6\VWHP� 0RWRUROD WDUDIÕQGDQ JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU� $036GHQ � NDW GDKD ID]ODNDSDVLWH\H VDKLSWLU YH ��� 0+]GH oDOÕúÕU�
107 ���1RUGLF 0RELOH 7HOHSKRQHV ���� 1RUGLN �ONHOHUL NDUDNWHUL]H HGHQ J�o DUD]L \DSÕVÕ úDUWODUÕQGD oDOÕúDFDN úHNLOGH(ULFVVRQ YH 1RNLD WDUDIÕQGDQ |]HO RODUDN JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU� ��� 0+]GH oDOÕúÕU�
107 ���
1RUGLF 0RELOH 7HOHSKRQHV ���� 1RUGLN �ONHOHU WDUDIÕQGDQ 107 ���QLQ \�NVHN NDSDVLWH VD÷OD\DFDN YH WDúÕQDELOLU HOWHUPLQDOOHULQLQ NXOODQÕOPDVÕQD LPNDQ YHUHFHN úHNLOGH JHOLúWLULOPHVL\OH RUWD\D oÕNPÕú ELU VLVWHPGLU� ��� 0+]GHoDOÕúÕU�
107�)107 ����Q )UDQVDGD NXOODQÕODQ YHUVL\RQXGXU�
1771LSSRQ 7HOHJUDSK 7HOHSKRQH� (VNL -DSRQ DQDORJ VWDQGDUWÕGÕU� <�NVHN NDSDVLWHOL YHUVL\RQX +,&$3 RODUDNDGODQGÕUÕOÕU�
5&����5DGLRFRP ����� .DVÕP ����GH )UDQVDGD NXOODQÕOPD\D EDúOD\DQ ELU VLVWHPGLU�
7$&67RWDO $FFHVV &RPPXQLFDWLRQV 6\VWHP� 0RWRUROD WDUDIÕQGDQ JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU� $036H EHQ]HU ELU VLVWHPGLU� øON NH]øQJLOWHUHGH ���� \ÕOÕQGD NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU� -DSRQ\DGD -7$&6 RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕOPÕúWÕU� ��� 0+]GH oDOÕúÕU�
$1$/2* +h&5(6(/ 7(.12/2-ø/(5
7$%/2���
$��1HW*60���� úHEHNHVL $YXVWXU\DGD $��1HW RODUDN DGODQGÕUÕOÕU�
'�$036�,6����
'LJLWDO $036� $QDORJ $036LQ JHOLúWLULOPHVL\OH ROXúPXú ELU WHNQRORMLGLU� 0HYFXW NDQDOODUÕQ GDKD YHULPOL
NXOODQÕOPDVÕQÕ VD÷OD\DFDN úHNLOGH WDVDUODQPÕúWÕU� '�$036 �,6����� $036GH ROGX÷X JLEL �� .+] NDQDO DUDOÕ÷ÕQÕ YH
��������������� 0+] IUHNDQV EDQGODUÕQÕ NXOODQÕU� $QFDN '�$036 �,6���� )'0$ \HULQH 7'0$ NXOODQDUDN NDQDO
EDúÕQD G�úHQ NXOODQÕFÕ VD\ÕVÕQÕ �GHQ �H �JHOLúPLú 7'0$ LOH EX VD\Õ ��D NDGDU oÕNDELOLU� oÕNDUÕU� $036�'�$036
DOW\DSÕVÕ KHP DQDORJ $036 WHOHIRQODUÕ KHP GH VD\ÕVDO '�$036 WHOHIRQODUÕ GHVWHNOH\HELOLU� %XQXQ VHEHEL )&&QLQ
�$PHULNDGD IUHNDQV NXOODQÕPÕ YH WDKVLVLQGHQ VRUXPOX K�N�PHWH DLW RUJDQL]DV\RQODUGDQ ELUL RODQ )HGHUDO
&RPPXQLFDWLRQV &RPPLVVLRQ� $PHULNDGD DQDORJ VLVWHPOHUOH oLIW�PRG NDSDVLWH VD÷OD\DELOHQ VD\ÕVDO K�FUHVHO
VLVWHPOHUH L]LQ YHUPHVLGLU�
'&6 ����'LJLWDO &HOOXODU 6\VWHP ����� *60LQ ���� 0+] DUDOÕ÷ÕQÕ NXOODQDQ IDUNOÕ ELU YHUVL\RQXGXU� *60 WHOHIRQODUÕ '&6
���� úHEHNHVLQGH NXOODQÕODPD]�
(�1HW]*60 ���� úHEHNHVLQH $OPDQ\DGD YHULOHQ LVLPGLU�
*60*OREDO 6\VWHP IRU 0RELOH &RPPXQLFDWLRQV� $YUXSDQÕQ KHU \HULQGH K�FUHVHO VLVWHP X\XPOXOX÷XQX VD÷ODPDN LoLQ
JHOLúWLULOHQ LON $YUXSD VD\ÕVDO VWDQGDUWÕGÕU� *60 G�Q\DQÕQ SHN oRN E|OJHVLQH \D\ÕOPÕú ROXS� J�Q�P�]GH ��LQ
�]HULQGH *60 úHEHNHVL PHYFXWWXU� *60 VLVWHPL ��� 0+]GH oDOÕúÕU�
3&63HUVRQDO &RPPXQLFDWLRQV 6HUYLFH� 3&6 IUHNDQV EDQGÕ ��������� 0+] ROXS EX EDQG 1�&'0$ YH *60 ���� JLEL
\HQL VD\ÕVDO K�FUHVHO VWDQGDUWODUÕ LoLQH DOPDNWDGÕU�
,6���&'0$ WDEDQOÕ ��� 0+]GH oDOÕúDQ ELU WHNQRORMLGLU�
,6����7'0$ WDEDQOÕ ELU WHNQRORMLGLU�
-6�������� 0+] LoLQ &'0$ WDEDQOÕ ELU VWDQGDUWWÕU�
3'&3HUVRQDO 'LJLWDO &HOOXODU� ��� YH ���� 0+] EDQGODUÕQGD oDOÕúDQ 7'0$ WDEDQOÕ ELU -DSRQ VWDQGDUWÕGÕU�
6$<,6$/ +h&5(6(/ 7(.12/2-ø/(5
7$%/2���
GSM DCS-1800
)UHNDQV�EDQG��0+]� 890-960 1710-1880
Uplink(MHz) 890-915 1710-1785
Downlink(MHz) 935-960 1805-1880
.DQDO�VD\ÕVÕ 124 374
%DQG�JHQLúOL÷L 2 x 25 2 x 75
Ses kodlama 13 Kb/s 13 Kb/s
(ULúLP�PHWRGX TDMA TDMA
7DúÕ\ÕFÕ�EDúÕQD�WUDILN
NDQDOÕ�VD\ÕVÕ
8 8
7DúÕ\ÕFÕ�JHQLúOL÷L
(KHz)
200 200
1 MHz�deki trafik
NDQDOÕ�VD\ÕVÕ
40 40
TABLO.3.
*60�9(�'&6�������6ø67(0/(5ø1ø1�.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
Standart CT0-Cordless
Telephone 0
JTC-Japanese
Cordless
Telephone
CT1/CT1+ - Cordless
Telephone 1
Mobil frekans
DUDOÕ÷Õ��0+]�
�����øQJLOWHUH��
26/41(Fransa),
30/39(Avusturalya)
, 31/40(Hollanda,
øVSDQ\D��������
(Çin, Güney Kore,
Tayvan, Amerika),
48/74,45/48 (Çin).
254/380 CT1: 914/960
CT1+:885/932
dRNOX�HULúLP
metodu
FDMA FDMA FDMA
Dupleks metodu FDD FDD FDD
.DQDO�VD\ÕVÕ 10,12,15,20 veya
25
89 CT1: 40
CT1+: 80
.DQDO�DUDOÕ÷Õ 17, 20, 25 veya 40
KHz
12.5 KHz 25 KHz
Modülasyon tipi FM FM FM
TABLO.4.
ANALOG KABLOSUZ TELEFON STANDARTLARI
CT-2, Cordless
Telephone 2
DECT-Digital
European Cordless
Telephone
PHS-Personal Handy
Phone System
Frekans(MHz) 864-868 1880-1900 1895-1907
.DQDO JHQLúOL÷L�.+]� 100 1728 300
Modülasyon tipi GMSK/GFSK GMSK p/4 QPSK
.DQDO VD\ÕVÕ 40 10 40
Tx gücü (peak) 10 mW maksimum 250 mW maksimum 10 mW maksimum
(ULúLP PHWRGX FDMA TDMA TDMA
Dupleks metodu TDD TDD TDD
.DQDO EDúÕQD NXOODQÕFÕ
VD\ÕVÕ
1 12 4
TDMA çerçevesi 2 ms 10 ms 5 ms
6HV NRGH÷L 32 Kb/s ADPCM 32 Kb/s ADPCM 32 Kb/s ADPCM
%LW KÕ]Õ 32 Kb/s 32 Kb/s 32 Kb/s
.DQDO ELW KÕ]Õ 72 Kb/s 1152 Kb/s 384 Kb/s
6HUYLV DODQÕQÕQ \DUÕoDSÕ 50-200 m 100-150 m 300-500 m
Mobilite Mobiliteyi desteklemez <�U�PH KÕ]Õ 1RUPDO DUDED KÕ]Õ
Arama fonksiyonu .RQXPD ED÷OÕ RODUDN
JHOHQ DUDPDODUÕ
desteklemez
øNL \|QO� øNL \|QO�
Kanal tahsisi Dinamik Dinamik Dinamik
Standart ETSI MPT 1375 ETS 300 175 RCR Std-28
.XOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ E|OJHOHU øQJLOWHUH� .DQDGD�
Fransa, Hong Kong,
Singapur
Avrupa Japonya, Asya
TABLO.5.
SAYISAL KABLOSUZ TELEFON STANDARTLARI
FLEX ERMES
5DG\R�IUHNDQVÕ Bütün bandlar- VHF, UHF 169 MHz
3URWRNRO�KÕ]Õ 1600, 3200, 6400 bps 6250 bps
Batarya koruma iyi Çok iyi
'RODúÕP�5RDPLQJ� seçeneksel Standart olarak mevcut
dD÷UÕ�FLKD]Õ�VD÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕ Motorola, NEC NEC, Swissphone,
Ericsson, Swatch, Oi
Electric Co., Inventel,
Acyclon Electrics
6LVWHP�VD÷OD\ÕFÕODUÕ Motorola, Glenayre Ericsson, Tecnomen,
Swissphone, Glenayre
Modülasyon tipi 2/4 seviyeli FSK 4 seviyeli FSK
TABLO.6.
)/(;�9(��(50(6�d$ö5,�35272.2//(5ø1ø1�.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
*OREDOVWDU ,&2 ,ULGLXP 2G\VVH\
7DKPLQ�HGLOHQ�VLVWHP�EHGHOL��PLO\RQ�86���
���� DoÕNODQPDGÕ ���� ����
ùX�DQD�NDGDU�KDFDQDQ�EHGHO��86���
�����PLO\RQ �����PLO\RQ �����PLO\RQ ����PLO\RQ
(O�WHUPLQDOL�IL\DW��86���
����� DoÕNODQPDGÕ ������������� �����
$UDPD��FUHWOHUL��86��
GDNLNDVÕ�����FLYDUÕQGD DoÕNODQPDGÕ GDNLNDVÕ���� GDNLNDVÕ����GDQ�D]
)&&�RQD\Õ YDU \RN YDU YDU
8\GX�|PU� ����\ÕO ���\ÕO ��\ÕO ���\ÕO
$ERQH�OLQNL &'0$ 7'0$ )'0$�7'0$ &'0$
*03&6�6ø67(0/(5ø��0$/ø�32575(�
7$%/2���
*/2%$/67$5 ,5,',80 2'<66(< ,&2
WLFDUL�RODUDN�VHUYLVH�YHULOHFH÷L�WDULK
����LQ���oH\UH÷L ����LQ���oH\UH÷L ���� ����
VLVWHPLQ�WLSL %�\�N�/(2 %�\�N�/(2 0(2 0(2
X\GX�VD\ÕVÕ �� �� �� ��
G�Q\DGDQ�X]DNOÕ÷Õ ������NP ����NP ������NP �������NP
RUELWVHO�G�]OHP�VD\ÕVÕ � � � �
JDWHZD\�VD\ÕVÕ ��� �� � ��
PRELO�IUHNDQV��XS�OLQN� ������������0+] ������������0+] ������������0+] ����������0+]
�GRZQ�OLQN� ������������0+] ��������������0+] ������������0+] ����������0+]
IHHGHU�OLQNOHUL &�EDQG .D�EDQG .D�EDQG &�EDQG
DERQH�OLQNOHUL &'0$ )'0$�7'0$ &'0$ 7'0$
X\GX�EDúÕQD�NDQDO�VD\ÕVÕ ���� ���� ��������� ����
PLQLPXP�HOHYDV\RQ ���� ����� ���� ����
*03&6�6ø67(0/(5ø1ø1�7(.1ø.�g=(//ø./(5ø1ø1�.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
7$%/2���