Mobile Communications in Japan

23rd June,2009

Sumitaka SHIRAKABE

Assistant Director,L d M bil C i ti Di i i R di D t t

Sumitaka SHIRAKABE

Land Mobile Communications Division, Radio DepartmentTelecommunications Bureau, MIC Japan

Contents

Current Situation of Mobile Communications

Policy Frameworks for Mobile Communications

Spectrum Allocation

3 9G Mobile Communications System 3.9G Mobile Communications System

IMT Advanced (4G)

BWA(Broadband Wireless Access)

Development and Implementation of ITS

1

C t Sit ti fC t Sit ti fCurrent Situation of Current Situation of Mobile CommunicationsMobile CommunicationsMobile CommunicationsMobile Communications

[ Number of Subscribers on Telecommunication Services ](unit : 10 thousand)

From “Fixed” to “Mobile”

10733

10 170

12,000

Fixed Communications

[ Number of Subscribers on Telecommunication Services ](unit 10 thousand)

9,147

9,648

10,170

10,000Fixed Communications

Mobile Communications(Cellular + PHS)

8,6658,112

7,4826,678

8,000

5,2455,453 5,627 5,765 5,883 5,994 6,111 6,153 6,045 5,900

5,5555,226 5,100 5,116 5,159 5163 5058 51234,731

5,6856,000

, 50584815.9

2,691

3,8254,000

Tipping Point（March 2000）Tipping Point（March 2000）

49 87 138 171 213433

1,170

2,000（March 2000）（March 2000）

3

49 87 433

0

'90/3

'91/3

'92/3

'93/3

'94/3

'95/3

'96/3

'97/3

'98/3

'99/3

'00/3

'01/3

'02/3

'03/3

'04/3

'05/3

'06/3

'07/3

'08/3

Changes in the number of mobile phone subscribers～TCA investigation～

100 93.8 %

May 2009Number of subscribers-Mobile phones: Approx. 108,127,900 units-IMT-2000: Approx. 101,378,100 units

(million)～TCA investigation～

80

90

rs

60

70

subs

crib

er

40

50

60

T-20

00

bile

pho

ne

20

30

40

IMT-

ber

of m

ob

10

20

Num

b

2001St t f IMT 2000 i

4

0

(FY)

Start of IMT-2000 service1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2009.52006 2007

Expanding the Mobile World

Telephone (Voice) Data communication(Internet access) Mainstay of a ubiquitous network societyImage transmission

(Camera phone)

“Hello, …” E-mailPhoto/Video mail

GameVideo telephony

Restaurant WeatherTV

guideWeather forecast Navigation

system

Credit paymentEl t iElectronic money

Music downloading

5

Growth of Mobile Contents and Mobile CommerceOverviewOverview

Both mobile contents and mobile commerce markets keep growing.Mobile contents market reached 366 billion yen, while mobile commerce market reached 562 billion yen.

Other Features

6 000

Mobile contents: Ring-song substitutes Ring-tone. Now cellular ring-tone may substitute portable audio.Mobile commerce: Commodity’s growth is outstanding.

unit: 100 million yen unit: 100 million yenGrowth of Mobile Contents Market Growth of Mobile Commerce Market

3,000

3,500

4,000

4 000

5,000

6,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2 000

3,000

4,000

0

500

1,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060

1,000

2,000

Ring-tone 736 957 1,101 1,167 1,048 843 Ring-song 1 28 201 562 759 Game 90 201 270 412 589 748 Other 491 634 734 823 951 1,311

0

Commodity 344 541 969 1,542 2,583 Service 809 930 1,183 1,646 1,928 Transaction 40 238 441 886 1,113

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Total 1,317 1,793 2,133 2,603 3,150 3,661 Total 1,193 1,709 2,593 4,074 5,624 “Other” covers display-application, portal site, information provider

(ex: sports, maps), online book, email decoration, etc.In recent years, the growths of online book and email decoration are outstanding.

Commodity: Online shopping, etc.Service: Online ticketing for entertainments, transportation, etc.Transaction: Commission fee for auction, financial transaction, etc.

(Only covers commission fee; does not cover the amount of transaction) 6

Mobile System Evolution RoadmapCellular

2G3G

W-CDMA

CDMA-2000

3.9G

LTE､UMB

3.5GHSDPA

EV-DO

Cellular

CDMA-2000

4G（IMT-Advanced）

Mobile 100MbpsNomadic 1Gbps

（IMT Advanced）

Voice Internet

～kbps ～384kbps ～14Mbps 100Mbps

High data rate, various services…

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless AccessWireless MAN

WiMAX, XGP, etc

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless

（20～40Mbps）Wide AreaMobility

WirelessLAN

11Mb 54Mb 100Mb 1GbUltra-high-High Speed

2000 2010

11Mbps 54Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps speed W-LANHigh Speed

7

Policy Frameworks Policy Frameworks f M bil C i tif M bil C i tifor Mobile Communicationsfor Mobile Communications

-- Spectrum AllocationSpectrum Allocation ---- Spectrum Allocation Spectrum Allocation --

Measures to cope with increased spectrum demand

Rapid response needed to cope with increased need for faster, more diverse wireless systems

Frequency Open Policy(2003)

Promotion MeasuresPromotion MeasuresSurveys on Actual Radio Spectrum UsageSurveys on Actual Radio Spectrum Usage

MIC ‘s “Action Plan for Spectrum Reallocation”

Upgrade of System for Rapid Reallocation

Upgrade of System for Rapid ReallocationPromotion of R&DPromotion of R&D Rapid Reallocation

and Usage of FrequenciesRapid Reallocation

and Usage of Frequencies

Government funds allocated to subsidize

9

R&D for effective frequency utilizationDevelopment of new frequency bands

Gove e t u ds a ocated to subs d erapid spectrum reallocation

Promotion of frequency band shift for private-sector businesses

[ P t ]

Efficient Spectrum Use for Digital Dividend

90～108MHz 170～222MHz 470～770MHz

Analog TVBroadcasting

Analog TVBroadcasting

Analog TV BroadcastingDigital TV Broadcasting

[ Present ]

[ After July 2012 ]

Digital TV Broadcastingg g90 108 170 222 710 770

[ Frequency Reallocation Plan ](Th I f ti d C i ti C il R t)

108 170 202.5 207.5 222

710～770MHz

715 725 730 770

170～222MHz90～108MHz

90

(The Information and Communications Council Report)

10

BroadcastingBroadcasting Commercial Services(ex: cellular)

Commercial Services(ex: cellular)ITSITS

General Services(Public / Private)General Services(Public / Private)

Applications Images

Broadcasting General Services(Public / Private) ITS Commercial Services

(ex: cellular)

1 0 1 1 0 ･ ･ ･

1 0 1 1 0 ･ ･ ･

携帯端末向けモバイル番組

災害情報 ニュース

携帯端末向けモバイル番組

災害情報 ニュース

Mobile Broadcasting

Disaster Information News

Control Station

Command Command Station x

電車の中でスポーツ観戦…いつでも

どこでも

Anytime and

anywhere

Watching sports in the train Providing information to

prevent collisions at intersections.

Station Station

Command Station

歩きながら…Walking

Spectrum Needs: Spectrum Needs:Spectrum Needs: Spectrum Needs:pBroadband wireless system mainly for public bodies which enables to transmit detailed information to enhance public safety and security

pIntelligent Transport System(ITS) realizes vehicle-to-vehiclecommunication, providing safety assistance to prevent accidents.

pReception of one-segment digitalTV program through mobile phonehas rapidly spread, there is a greatexpectation for the introduction of “multimedia broadcasting” services

pAdvanced application of cellularservices provoke rapid traffic growth and spectrum demands.

safety and security.multimedia broadcasting servicesdelivered to mobile equipments.

Current Proceedings:MIC is holding a study to introducem ltimedia broadcasting ser ices

Current Proceedings:Various R&D projects held by Japanese a to ind str

Current Proceedings:Various R&D projects held by Japanese cell lar ind str

Current Proceedings:MIC is holding a study to examinetechnical parameters and tomultimedia broadcasting services,

discussing on the service image,interface to be adopted, networkdeployment, etc.

Japanese auto industry.MIC has prepared preferential scheme for flexible spectrum use.

Japanese cellular industry; however, there is no activity specified to this 700-900 MHz band use.

technical parameters and to realize common platform among different public bodies.

11

Policy Frameworks Policy Frameworks f M bil C i tif M bil C i tifor Mobile Communicationsfor Mobile Communications

-- 3 9 G Mobile Communications System3 9 G Mobile Communications System---- 3.9 G Mobile Communications System3.9 G Mobile Communications System--

Mobile System Evolution RoadmapCellular

2G3G

W-CDMA

CDMA-2000

3.9G

LTE､UMB

3.5GHSDPA

EV-DO

Cellular

CDMA-2000

4G（IMT-Advanced）

Mobile 100MbpsNomadic 1Gbps

（IMT Advanced）

Voice Internet

～kbps ～384kbps ～14Mbps 100Mbps

High data rate, various services…

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless AccessWireless MAN

WiMAX, XGP, etc

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless

（20～40Mbps）Wide AreaMobility

WirelessLAN

11Mb 54Mb 100Mb 1GbUltra-high-High Speed

2000 2010

11Mbps 54Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps speed W-LANHigh Speed

13

Introduction of 3.9G Mobile Communications System

What is 3.9G ?

3.9G is the next major step in mobile communications systems ( )LTE (Long Term Evolution)

UMB(Urtra Mobile Broadband)

Maximum data speedDownlink Speed : 100Mbps (equivalent to FTTH)Uplink Speed : 50Mbps

Spectrum efficiency (Comparison to HSPA)Spectrum efficiency (Comparison to HSPA) 3 times better than 3.5G uplink2 time better than 3.5G downlink

All IP network Smooth migration to 4G (IMT Advanced)Smooth migration to 4G (IMT-Advanced)

14

World Situation of 3.9G Mobile System

Japan

Carrier 3G System 3.9G System

NTT DoCoMo W-CDMA LTESoftbank Mobile W-CDMA LTEe-mobile W-CDMA LTEau / KDDI CDMA2000 LTE

EU US

Vodafone U K W CDMA LTE

Carrier 3G System 3.9G System

AT&T Mobility W CDMA LTE

Carrier 3G System 3.9G System

Vodafone U.K. W-CDMA LTEOrange France W-CDMA LTET-Mobile Germany W-CDMA LTEO2 Spain W-CDMA LTE

AT&T Mobility W-CDMA LTEVerizon CDMA2000 LTESprint CDMA2000 TBD

p

15

Process of 3.9G Introduction

Public Consultation

Official Announcement of the draft of 3.9G deployment guidance Official Announcement of the draft of 3.9G deployment guidance 23rdJan.,2009(Deployment guidance ≒ Licensing policy)

(23rd Jan. ～ 23rd Feb.)

Inquiry and Deliberation at Radio CouncilInquiry and Deliberation at Radio Council11thMarch,2009

Application of Deployment PlansApplication of Deployment Plans3rdApril~7thMay,2009

Inquiry and Deliberation at Radio CouncilInquiry and Deliberation at Radio Council

Approval of 3.9G Deployment PlansApproval of 3.9G Deployment Plans10thJune,2009

3.9G Service can be started3.9G Service can be startedDec.,2010 ～16

To put in place of faster higher capacity wireless broadband environment and enhance the

Outline of the 3.9G licensingTo put in place of faster , higher capacity wireless broadband environment and enhance the international competitiveness of Japan, MIC assigns frequencies to up to 4 entities for the introduction of 3.9G mobile communication system.

1 5 GH b d 1 7 GH b d

(1)10MHz

(2)10MHz

1.5 GHz band 1.7 GHz band

Use restriction*

uard

ban

d

Publ

ic

serv

ice

uard

ban

d

(3)15MHz

(4)10MHz

IMT-2000

1844.9 1854.9 1859.91475.9 1485.9 1495.9 1510.9 （MHz） （MHz）

*Unavailable in some areas including Tokyo, Tokai, Kinki areas, until the end of March 2014, when its use for digital MCA expires.

G

s

Gu

Outline of the draft of 3 9G license PolicyAssign 10 MHz or 15 MHz to up to 4 entities for prospective entrants or existing operators. Achieve 50% or higher population coverage within 5 years in 11 districts for 3.9G and 3.5G upgraded-system.

( i l i d f b d ll l d i d f b d )

Outline of the draft of 3.9G license Policy

(using newly assigned frequency bands as well as already-assigned frequency bands).Allow the use of the frequency bands for 3G or 3.5G to flexibly respond in various ways to 3.9G deployment.

License for 3 9G (Assigned on 10 June 2009)License for 3.9G (Assigned on 10 June 2009)

1.5 GHz band 1.7 GHz bandUse restriction*nd nd IMT 2000

1475.9 1485.9 1495.9 1510.9 （MHz）

Gua

rd b

a

Publ

ic

serv

ice

Gua

rd b

a n IMT-2000

10MHz 10MHz 10MHz 10MHz

1844.9 1854.9 1859.9 （MHz）17

Policy Frameworks Policy Frameworks f M bil C i tif M bil C i tifor Mobile Communicationsfor Mobile Communications

-- IMT Advanced (4G)IMT Advanced (4G) ---- IMT Advanced (4G) IMT Advanced (4G) --

Mobile System Evolution RoadmapCellular

2G3G

W-CDMA

CDMA-2000

3.9G

LTE､UMB

3.5GHSDPA

EV-DO

Cellular

CDMA-2000

4G（IMT-Advanced）

Mobile 100MbpsNomadic 1Gbps

（IMT Advanced）

Voice Internet

～kbps ～384kbps ～14Mbps 100Mbps

High data rate, various services…

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless AccessWireless MAN

WiMAX, XGP, etc

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless

（20～40Mbps）Wide AreaMobility

WirelessLAN

11Mb 54Mb 100Mb 1GbUltra-high-High Speed

2000 2010

11Mbps 54Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps speed W-LANHigh Speed

19

Future development of IMT-Advanced

The target peak data rate of research and investigation - approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility

i l 1 Gbi / f l bili

ITU R Recommendation

- approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility

New capabilities of IMT: Root NameITU-R Recommendation M.1645

IMT

Mobility

High

pIMT-Advanced

Capability of IMT

(International Mobile Telecommunications)

IMT

IMTIMT--20002000 IMTIMT--AdvancedAdvanced

High

IMT-2000EnhancedIMT-2000

New Mobile Access

Capability of IMT

advancement

New Nomadic/Local Area

IMT-2000:Also encompasses its enhancements and

IMT-Advanced:The ITU RadiocommunicationAssembly resolved that that the

1 10 100 1000

Low

Peak Useful Data Rate(Mbit/s)

Wireless Accessenhancements and future developments.

Assembly resolved that that the term “IMT-Advanced” be applied to those systems, system components, and related aspects that include new radio interface(s) that support the new

Denotes interconnection between systems via networks, allowing flexible use in any environment without making users aware of constituent systems

( ) ppcapabilities of systems beyond IMT-2000 systems （October 2007）.

20

Milestone of the work of ITU for IMT-Advanced(Year) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20092007 2008 2010

Deployment of IMT-Advanced

2011

WRC-07WRC-03WRC-2000

networks (after 2011)

(Identification of new spectrum for IMT)

(Setting Agenda Item for WRC-07)

(Setting Agenda Item for WRC-03)

Recommendation

(1) Study for System concept

WP8F

(2) Study for IMT frequency (3) Study for detailed specification

WP5D

SG5

•Naming for IMT•Spectrum requirement for IMT

ITU-R Recommendation for Framework (June 2003)

• Principles for the process of development of IMT-Advanced

• Circular letter to invite proposal for candidate radio interface

•Sharing study in candidate bands

for candidate radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced

• ITU-R Recommendation for detailed specifications of IMT-AdvancedAdvanced

21

World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC)

WRC-07 (October-November 2007) Identification of new spectrum for IMT Identification of new spectrum for IMT

Identified Spectrum Bands: Total 428MHz or IMT Identified Spectrum Bands: Total 428MHz or IMT 450-470MHz

All Regions

698 790(806) MH 698-790(806) MHz Region 2 + 9 countries in Region 3 (China, Korea (Rep. of), India, Japan, New Zealand, Papua

New Guinea, Philippines and Singapore)

2300-2400MHz All Regions

3400-3600MHz 3400 3600MHz 81 countries and 1 area in Region 1 + 9 countries and 1 area in Region 3 (Korea (Rep. of), Japan,

Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), New Zealand, Singapore and French Overseas Communities in Region 3)French Overseas Communities in Region 3)

22

Policy Frameworks Policy Frameworks yyfor Mobile Communicationsfor Mobile Communications

BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Mobile System Evolution RoadmapCellular

2G3G

W-CDMA

CDMA-2000

3.9G

LTE､UMB

3.5GHSDPA

EV-DO

Cellular

CDMA-2000

4G（IMT-Advanced）

Mobile 100MbpsNomadic 1Gbps

（IMT Advanced）

Voice Internet

～kbps ～384kbps ～14Mbps 100Mbps

High data rate, various services…

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless AccessWireless MAN

WiMAX, XGP, etc

≒Mobile × FTTH

Wireless

（20～40Mbps）Wide AreaMobility

WirelessLAN

11Mb 54Mb 100Mb 1GbUltra-high-High Speed

2000 2010

11Mbps 54Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps speed W-LANHigh Speed

24

Business Domain of BWA (Broadband Wireless System)

Variety of

BWA may open up new business frontier by all-IP, high-speed data, and fixed-charge.

Speed Area

(Di t )

Broadband Wireless Access

Variety of Interface

(Distance)

IMT-2000

（ＨＳＤＰＡ）～14.4Mbps 2-3km

Wireless LAN 54Mbps 100m

・Importance for data-transmission Speed・Fixed-rate data service (similar to ADSL)・Horizontal; various usage expected

ＷｉＭＡＸ ～ about 20Mbps※ 2-10km

XGP ～ about 20Mbps※ ～３km

※ In case of Non-MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output)

Handset

(Multi Input Multi Output)

・Importance on Quality of Service(including area, voice transmission, etc)Li it ti “L i ” i i

Cellular

・Limitation on “Low-price” provision・Vertically integrated business model

SmallLi ht

Service FeatureNetwork Structure

DataAll IP

VoiceCircuit Switch

Light

25

(T l i ti C il i D 2006)

BWA Introduction to 2.5GHz Bands

Do nlink Speed: 20 30 Mbps (equi alent to ADSL or Wireless LAN)

(Telecommunications Council in Dec.2006)Technical Requirements

-Downlink Speed: 20-30 Mbps (equivalent to ADSL or Wireless LAN)-Uplink Speed: 10 Mbps (faster than HSUPA)-Spectrum Efficiency: 0.8bps/Hz or more (better than 3G and 3.5G)M bili 20k /h

Adopted Systems

-Mobility: 120km/h or more

Four systems are proposed to the Council and all proved to satisfy the above requirements:

(1) Mobile:-IEEE 802.16e-2005 (Mobile WiMAX)-XGPXGP-IEEE 802.20 Wideband (Qualcomm)-IEEE 802.20 625kMC (enhanced i-Burst ; Kyocera)

(2) FWA:-IEEE 802.16e-2005

26

2545MHz 2625MHz2575MHz 2595MHz

2.5GHz Bands Licensing Policies for BWA Introduction

Nationwide Band （MOBILE）

30MHzRegional Band

10MHz

Ｇ

Ｂ

Ｇ

ＢNationwide Band （MOBILE）

30MHz

- Allocate 30MHz each, maximum 2 operators.Restriction of incumbent cellular operators share (less than 1/3)

※GB: Guard Band (Total 10MHz)Nationwide Band

- Restriction of incumbent cellular operators share (less than 1/3) .- To launch the service within 3 years after the spectrum allocation.- To cover 50% or more of each planned service area within 5 years after the spectrum allocation.p

- To set up plans for MVNOs to use the BWA networks.

Willcom(XGP), UQ Communications(Mobile WiMAX)

Beauty Contest among four Applicants(Dec 21, 2007 )

Regional Band

- Willcom : Trial Service(from April 27,2009), Commercial Service(from Oct,2009)- UQ com : Free Pilot Service (from Feb 26, 2009), Commercial Service(from July 1,2009)

- Allocate 10 MHz to local operators (including CATV), principally city by city.- Requirement of plans to contribute to enhancing the local welfare,

such as serving in digital devided areas to secure broadband access in rural areas

Regional Band

such as serving in digital devided areas to secure broadband access in rural areas.

42 operators got licenses (41 CATV operators,1 telecom operator) (June 16, 2008)27

Development andDevelopment andDevelopment and Development and Implementation of ITSImplementation of ITS

((IIntelligent ntelligent TTransport ransport SSystems)ystems)

Radio Wave Media for ITS（Intelligent Transport Systems）

Broadcasting Type C i i TBroadcasting Type Communication Type

Wide Area(Interactive)FM Multiplex Broadcasting（76～90MHz）

Wide Area (Broadcasting)

Mobile Phone（800MHz,2GHz, etc.）

（76～90MHz）

-VICS- (Vehicle Information and Communication System)

Public Traffic information

GPS Radio Beacon（2 5GHz 5 8GHz）

ETC / DSRCSub Millimeter Wave

Vehicle to Infrastructure（5.8GHz）

（2.5GHz、5.8GHz）

Sensor TypeETC / DSRC

ミリ波

先行車

Sub-,Millimeter Wave（60,76,79GHz） OBU

ETC : Electronic Toll Collection

DSRC : Dedicated Short Range Communication

Vehicle to Vehicle（700MHz、5.8GHz）

Steps

Gas Station

60㍑5500 yen

Parking lot(Auto Fee collection)

～１００ｍ

ITS for Pedestrians （13.56MHz、950MHz、2.4GHz）

WarningWarning

Steps there

yWarning“A car is comming”

(A car is comming)

34

Radio Systems for ITS in Japan

Spectrum Service Technological Requirements

VICS76-90MHz

VICS(Vehicle Information and Communications System)

(FM multiplex broadcasting) ・Provide traffic information Enacted in 1994

2.5GHz(Radio beacon)

ETC(Electronic Toll Collection)

・Collect highway fee(Communication type)

Enacted in 1997

5.8GHz( yp )

DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication)

・Collect highway fee ・Provide various information (Communication Broadcast type)

Enacted in 2001(Revised 2007)Communication) (Communication, Broadcast type)

Sub-millimeter, millimeter wave system

24/26GHz・Detect obstacles (S )

Under consideration

60/76GHz Enacted in 1997millimeter wave system (Sensor type)79GHz Under consideration

Vehicle to Vehicle 5.8GHz ・Send safety informationGuidelines for field experiment in 2007

communication systemy

(Communication type)p

700MHz Under consideration

35

Thank you Thank you for your for your attention!attention!

Ministry of Internal Affairsand Communications

http://www.soumu.go.jp/