Models of Earth Slide 2 Slide 3 Globes are 3-Dimensional Models
of the Earth Slide 4 Types of Maps 1. Political Shows political
(national and state) boundaries (like a globe) Slide 5 Slide 6
Types of Maps 1. Political 2. Road Shows interstate system,
highways, and smaller roads, depending on the map Used for
navigation (getting from here to there Slide 7 Slide 8 Types of
Maps 1. Political 2. Road 3. Weather Shows pressure systems, cloud
cover, rainfall, weather forecasts Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide
12 Types of Maps 1. Political 2. Road 3. Weather 4. Bathymetric The
ocean floor, ocean features Topography of the ocean Slide 13 Slide
14 Slide 15 Slide 16 Types of Maps 1. Political 2. Road 3. Weather
4. Bathymetric 5. Topographic Shows the differences in elevation
(relief) of an area Shows man-made features of the land as well as
its natural features Slide 17 Slide 18 A. Paper Maps are Flat 2-
Dimensional Representations of Earths Surface Problems: Not as
accurate as a 3-D Globe model Earths features become distorted
(they dont look right) Slide 19 B. Map Making Surveyors Use
distance and elevation information from known points to create maps
Known points of elevation are called: bench marks, metal stakes
placed in stone and marked with the location and elevation Aerial
(from the sky) photography also helps make maps Slide 20 Benchmarks
Mauna Kea, Hawaii Slide 21 Slide 22 Modern surveyors use: Compass
Infrared theodolite & GPS Slide 23 C.Map Projections
Cartographers (map makers) illustrate world maps as a projection to
reduce distortion Map projection transferring a curved surface (the
Earth, sphere) to a flat one (the map). Common map projections:
Mercator, Gnomonic (polar), and (Poly)conic Slide 24 I.Mercator
Projection Map The mercator map projection shows the view of Earth
as if a large cylinder of paper had been wrapped around the globe.
This is the most common type of projection Slide 25 Mercator
Projection Map -Disadvantage Major distortion effects near the
poles (land looks larger than what it really is) +Advantage
Indicates true directions as straight lines of latitude and
longitude, makes a rectangular grid pattern Slide 26 II. Gnomonic
or polar Projection Map A gnomonic or polar projected map is
created as if a piece of paper had been placed on a point on the
Earth. Slide 27 III. (Poly)Conic Projection Map The ( poly)conic
map projection shows the view of Earth as if a large paper cone had
been wrapped around the globe. This type of map is useful for
mapping areas in the middle latitudes. Slide 28 Identify the type
of map projection. Write the name of the type of projection in your
notes Slide 29 Review: What type of halves is the Earth divided
into? North-South Hemispheres are separated by the imaginary line
called the Equator East-West Hemispheres are separated by imaginary
lines called the Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridian) and the
International Date Line Slide 30 Latitude and Longitude Grid of
imaginary lines placed over Earth Every location on the Earth has a
specific latitude and longitude address. Slide 31 Latitude Latitude
lines circle the Earth horizontally, parallel to the Equator (0
Degrees) Latitude is measured in Degrees North or South of the
equator (0-90 Degrees) HHS is at 37 North Latitude Slide 32
Longitude Longitude lines are half-circles that extend vertically
between the poles Longitude is measured in Degrees East or West of
the Prime Meridian (0-180 Degrees) HHS is at 78 West Longitude
Slide 33 D. How do you know the size of landforms or the distance
between cities on a map? The map scale indicates how the maps
features and distances compare with the actual Earth The comparison
is given as a ratio : 1:24,000 Slide 34 Map Scale as a Ratio 1 :
24,000 means that 1 map unit equals = 24,000 units on Earth Slide
35 E. How do you determine direction on a map? Usually, most modern
maps place North at the top Compass Rose indicates direction
Geographic North vs Magnetic North Are they the same? No, because
the Earth is tilted on its axis Slide 36 Earth Observing System The
satellites in the Earth Observing Systems (EOS) will contain
sensors to monitor global climate change. Slide 37 Landsat
Satellite Images Slide 38 Global Positioning System GPS Satellite
GPS Ground Receiver GPS is a system of satellites and receivers
that allow accurate positioning on the Earth. 24 satellites work
together Slide 39 Mapmaking & Technology Computer image modeled
from global topography provided by NOAA
