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8/8/2019 Modernos e depois
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Jcfbrgcy b fbxcny@CY AB_GEGFC LRNJE_BY
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Ideurb xcurb qb me yrnqegvb'
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Gnbvpyidb cr c blbyyc fb Imnimby
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5'
E cxcync bgvb fnemivnie b bvnie0
rj fnmclc fb vbtvcy bj vcgc fe qcgvefb fb xcfb
gc Lrlney5 fb Xmevc urb- ge yburgine fey yribyynqey fnyxrvey bj vcgc
fe fnemivnie b fe bvnie- xcvelcgnpefey xc Urbbacgvb b Xcmc- Yievby b
Llney cr Yievby b Xcmc- yb eieoe xc fe c idcurb fb vnvy- c bgicgvc
bgvb fcny ybby fb xentc-? bgvb e anlre fb Yievby b e anlre * njelngne-
emny * fb Imnimby' Jey- c ibgnc ` yb vngde icjbefc e fbangn fbyfb c
fnmclc bgvb Yievby b Xcmc' Fnp Yievby0 Yryvbgvc- Xcmc- urb cy cefcby
b cy vnegcy yc urbj jbgcy xcfb gey infefby $'''. qnyvc urb- xc eyynj fnpb-
gc aepbj gefe fc urb urbbj- bjoce aeej eurnmc urb mdby xebib c
jbmdc' $611 b.'9B vne- feurn- e xnjbne icgyburgine0 c vnegc gc fnlgc
5 Xmevc- Lrlney- vefrc fc lblc fb Jegrbm fb Cmnqbne Xrmurnc- icm' Imyynicy lblcy b
mevngcy- Bfnby >?'
? Byve abmnp btxbyyc fbqb*yb e Y~mqnb Mbmnbxqb*Ocvvcg ng Xrbjnrby mbcgy yr Lcrlney fb
Xmevcg- icm' Je`c Oei- XRA- Xeny- 5>>1'9 Grj fnmclc egvbnc bgvb Ubbacgvb b Xcmc $664 i.- fnp byvb0 e btxbngine urb cnbgve e
qnfe fc dcjbj yblrgfc ey bley fe evb- evb byye urb e jeny obme fb vcfey' B- rj
xcric jeny efnegvb- Yievby rvnmnpe xbme xnjbne qbp gc fnmclc c icgibnvc fb bvnie0 Fcurb eieoc fb crqn e Xcmc fbfrpc urb bmb yb vbj fbfniefc jeny idejefe bvnie fc urb
fnemivnie' $664 b.' Bgvbvegvc- gc fnmclc bgvb Yievby b Llney- byvb fbangb e bvnie
icjc e evb fcy fnyirycy $628 i. b ieeivbnpe c ybr co`bivc icjc icgyvnvrngfc c jenc fb
vcfcy cy obgy- xcxcincgegfc e urbj e xcyyrn ec jbyjc vbjxc mnobfefb xee yn xxnc b
fcjgnc ycob cy crvcy ge infefb' $62? f.' Y urb e fbangnc fb Llney exegdefe ge
evcbne fe jcem $62> f 61? e.- mbqegfc e urb Yievby- ge yre fbangnc fb bvnie- e
bgieb yco c gcjb lbem fb efrmec $619 o.- xevb fb rj vcfc [c urem- engfe icgacjb
619 o- bglmcoe e icpngde- e bvnie- e vcnmbvvb b e ycayvnieZ urb gc xbvbgib ec gjbc fey
icnyey obmey $619 e.- lgbc fb cirxec urb gefe vbj fb inbgvanic b urb btnlb rj byxnvc
ngvrnvnqc b bjxbbgfbfc $619 o.- xee eibyibgve ge emvre bj urb ngnine c fnmclc icj Xcmc0
6
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fb ngqb`e- [xZcurb gc yb fbqb ngqb`e urbj gc fnlgc fb ngqb`e- fc
jbyjc jcfc urb gc yb ngqb`e urbj fbyleefc' Veny xbyycey jbbibj-
nyyc ynj- e gcyye icjxentc' $61> e.'6 Xcric fbxcny- vne e yblrgfe
icgyburgine0 icjbvb e ng`ryvne xnc urb yca*me; [gZbyvb jcjbgvc- c
armic fe gcyye fnqblgine c yblrngvb $'''.0 br fnyyb evy urb icjbvb e
ng`ryvne be xnc urb yca*me' $6
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nglbgrnfefb jcem yb vcge ybjxb ijxmnib fcy jery3 Yblrgfc elrjbgvc0
fbxcny fb eide c fnyiryc fb Yievby fbjeynefc jcemnyve xee rj dcjbj
urb xcire ybj fbyiegyc e qbfefb- Imnimby eanje btnyvnbj frey
icgibxby fb `ryvne vcvemjbgvb ngicjxevqbny0 e `ryvne fb eicfc icj e mbn b
e `ryvne fb eicfc icj e gevrbpe' Bguregvc e xnjbne xcqj fe
icgqbgc- fe mbn fc Byvefc- fc gcjcy- e yblrgfe xcqj fe gevrbpe
ngfnqnfrem- fexd~yny' Ybgc- mbne*yb0 B eyynj urb vr- Yievby- fnpbgfc urb
oryiey e qbfefb- cnbgvey ge bemnfefb cy vbry fnyirycy xee byvey
qrmlenfefby fb vnorge- cy vby xrngixncy- ub gc yc obmcy xcr gevrbpe-
jey exbgey xcr icgqbgc [yromngdefc gcyycZ' $64? b.' B eibyibgve0
Exbibobgfc*vb fbyve yrovnmbpe [gevrbpe qbyry icgqbgcZ- gc y mbem ge
fnyiyyc [yromngdefc gcyycZ $'''.' Acn eyynj urb d xcric- e xcxynvc fb
icjbvb cr ycab ng`ryvne- uegfc Xcmc aemeqe fc ub jeny abnc gc fcjgnc
fe icgqbgc- v fbymcieqey c vbje xere c fcjgnc fe gevrbpe [yromngdefc
gcyycZ' Babivnqejbgvb- c jeny abnc yblgfc e gevrbpe ybjxrb c ub jeny
fbyqegve`cyc- gbyvb ieyc- ycarbr e ng`yvne; yblgfc e mbn- ybr icjbv*me
[yromngdefc gcyycZ' E qbfefb urb yrxcve e ng`ryvne gc evnvrfb xxne
fb rj dcjbj- jey fb rj byieqc- xee urbj jbmdc jcb fc urb qnqb-
fefc urb- xbegvb e ng`ryvne b cy rmve`by- gc vbj uremurb dnxvbyb fb
fbabye- gbj xee yn- gbj xee cy urb mdb yc iecy' Uregvc y mbny- byvcr
icgqbginfc fb urb yc abnvey xbmcy areicy b xbme lregfb jeyye- ub elbj
btimynqejbgvb gc yb xrxrnc ngvbrbyyb- antegfc c ub fnlgc fb mcqcr b c
ub fnlgc fb ibgyre [yromngdefc gcyycZ' Xee eyyryvebj cy jeny acvby-
eurbmby urb vj xcyynonmnfefby fb yb yrxbncnpebj- b xee gc yb fbntebj
rmvexeyye xc bmby- fnpbj urb vcfe e yrxbncnfefb qblcgdcye b ng`ryve b
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urb e ng`ryvne gc jeny fc urb urbb byve einje fcy crvcy' Icjc gc
vj qemc- ybgvbj*yb abmnpby- ibnc br- xc icmcie vcfcy ec ybr gqbm' $649 o.'
B Imnimby icgimrn- eyynj- e yre barvec fe xnjbne icgyburgine efrpnfe
xc Yievby fc $gc*. xcfb fc vnegc0 xc nyyc urb e mbn icgynfbe ng`ryvc b
qblcgdcyc c fbyb`c fb yb yrxbnc jencne- b e nyvc urb idejej
ng`ryvne' Jey e xrxrne gevrbpe- bj jngde cxngnc- fbjcgyvre ub `yvc ub
c jbmdcr byvb`e einje fc xncr b c jeny acrvb einje fc jeny areic [yromngdefc
gcyycZ' $649 f.' Vbibnc elrjbgvc0 Imnimby jcyve e ngbaniine ycinem fey
eoyveiby anmcyaniey- urb ev xcfbj mbqe Yievby e yb eiryefc ng`ryve b
icoefbjbgvb- ybj fnyxc fb elrjbgvcy iexepby fb barve icj baniine vem
eiryec'
Xc rj jbc xngixnc jbvcfcmlnic- c btejb fcy elrjbgvcy fb Imnimby xc
Yievby $644 f 289 f. y gcy n xbgfb e evbgc yb byyby elrjbgvcy
vcrtbbj gcqey icgyburginey b yb eonbj xnyvey fb mbnvre xee e coe fb
Gnbvpyidb' Icjc vem- vcge*yb njxbncyc n fnbivc e 6>5 o b aeme fb Imnimby0
$'''. cy jeny xcfbcycy fb urb aemc gc yc cy yexevbncy gbj cy icpngdbncy-
jey eurbmby urb vj e ingine fcy gblincy xomnicy b fe oce efjngnyvec
fc Byvefc b urb gc yc y bgvbgfnfcy bj veny jevney- jey vejoj
ice`cycy- xcurb yc iexepby fb bemnpe cy ybry xc`bivcy- ybj `ejeny
fbynyvnbj xc aeurbpe fb emje' B- vejoj njxbncyc n e 6>5 f0 @ vb
fnyyb urb yc cy bgvbgfnfcy b ice`cycy gey urbyvby xcmvniey [byxcyve fb
Imnimby urbyvc urb Yievby mbqegve- bj 6>5 i- ycob urbj yc eurbmby e
urbj idejey jbmdcby b jeny xcfbcycy b bj bmec e urZ' E byvby
icjxbvb c lcqbgc fey infefby b e `ryvne jegfe urb bmby vbgdej jeny fc
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urb cy crvcy- cy lcqbgegvby jeny fc urb cy lcqbgefcy' Gbyve fbangnc
fey gevrbpey yrxbncby abnve xc Imnimby- ainm icgyveve urb c dcjbj
yrxbnc gc y yb bicgdbib xbme yre ngvbmnlgine icjc vejoj xbme yre
icelbj- xbme yre ejonc- xbme vbgeinfefb xcyve gcy xc`bivcy e bemnpe; b
bicgdbib*yb- engfe- ge ace fcy ybry fbyb`cy- gcy ybry btibyycy0 E
qbfefb urb vr fnpby xbyblrn- Yievby- - ge bemnfefb- e yblrngvb0 e qnfe fb
fbminey- e ngvbjxbege b e mnobfefb ybj abnc- uregfc aeqcbinfey- yc e
qnvrfb b e abmninfefb' $6>? i.' Jeny xbinyejbgvb0 e qnvrfb icgynyvb- yb rje
xbyyce urb yb icjc fbqb- =bj7 fe meley y yrey xentby- fbntegfc*ey
ibyib c jeny xcyyqbm b yevnyaepbgfc*ey xc vcfcy cy jbncy ec ybr emiegib
$6>? b.- jbyjc urb c fbyxepb evnib c fbyb`c- icgacjb yb xcfb icgyveve
bj 6>6 o icj e jbvace fcy vcgny'
Jey- yb mblvnjc nfbgvnanie c xepb b c obj3 Bj 6>2 e- Imnimby ngynyvb urb
xepb b obj yc rje b e jbyje icnye b urb gc d xepbby jery'
Yievby- xc ybr mefc- yromngde urb gc yb xcfb fnpb urb c byvefc fey
xbyycey abmnpby yb`e nlrem ec fey xbyycey ngabmnpby- icjc gc yb xcfb byve ec
jbyjc vbjxc yc b fcbgvb $6>2 b 6>1 o.0 d gc fbyb`c e frxme aeib fc
xepb b fe fc' E nyvc byxcgfb Imnimby urb icgynfbe c xepb rje argc
fe fc0 Eanjbn urb =e acjb7 be xbgcye- jey urb elefqbm icjb uregfc
yb vbj acjb' $6>1 i.' Ce- icjc c xxnc Imnimby bicgdbib urb abmninfefb b
ngabmninfefb yc byvefcy cxcyvcy b nbicginmnqbny $6>1 b.- mclniejbgvb
gbibyync efjnvn urb xepb b ycanjbgvc gc yc burnqembgvby fb abmninfefb b
fb ngabmninfefb $6>< e- f.0 obj b elefqbm gc yc- xcvegvc- xeyyqbny fb
nfbgvnaniec' ge njxcyynonmnfefb fbyye nfbgvnaniec urb Yievby vcge e
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ngynyvn- ryegfc xee vem rj crvc elrjbgvc- c fc icoefb b fc ice`cyc $6>< b
6>4 b.' B- mbqegfc c ybr nlc mlnic ec btvbjc- irmjnge e yre
elrjbgvec icj rj bgrginefc urb yb xcfb byrjn eyynj0 eurbmb urb
nfbgvnanie c obj b c elefqbm- eurbmb urb nfbgvnanie c jem b c fbyelefqbm-
byyb vbj urb `rmle vcfey ey qvnjey icjc ybgfc jy $6>4 f- b.' Bny e
fbggine njxnbfcye fb rje gcqe byieme fb qemcby urb fbnqe- `ryvejbgvb- fc
xcfb feurbmby urb y yb bicgdbibj ge iexeinfefb fb yevnyaepb cy ybry
fbyb`cy fb xepb' Rje gcqe byieme fb qemcby urb gc vbj yburb bj icgve
e icjxbvgine b c dbcyjc jcem'
Jey - yromngdb*yb- rje byieme fb qemcby' Obj xcfb Yievby- ge yre
fbangnc fb xcmvnie $289 b 2?? b.- elrjbgve e aeqc fe cfbj b fe
dejcgne- fe fnyinxmnge b fe mbn- fe icelbj b fe vbjxbege- fe `ryvne b fe
yeobfcne- bganj- fe bfriec fcy infefcy yblrgfc byvby qemcby' Obj xcfb
Yievby fbjcgyve gc y e eivrem fbiefgine fb Evbgey jey- vejoj- e
ngxine fb vcfey ey legfby anlrey xcmvniey fc xeyyefc evbgnbgyb' Obj xcfb
Yievby icgfbge e jynie xc mbqe c dcjbj e arn c jcjbgvc xbybgvb b e
byurbib*yb fc ybr fbyvngc angem' Obj xcfb Yievby icgfbge e xcbyne
vlnie xc evngln exbgey e bjcvnqnfefb fc byxbivefc ybj yb iexep fb c
ngurnbve efniemjbgvb- fb mdb ierye rje inyb fb icgyingine jcem' Obj
xcfb Yievby fbyqemcnpe e qnfe xcurb c urb icgve- eangem- icjc c jcyve c
jnvc fc emj*vjrmc $2?9 e 2?< b.- yeob*yb byve bgvb cy jcvcy b byvby
gc yb fbntej mbqe xbmey exeginey fe `ryvne * e xbinyc yb*yb-
bemjbgvb- `ryvc' Obj xcfb Yievby bgrgine vrfc nyvc urb gc anie e xene
ybgc byve aeme fb rj dcjbj y- vbqbm b eqeyyemefcejbgvb y0 $'''. yb d-
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fb aeivc- fcny eyxbivcy e icgynfbe gbyve urbyvc- vbbjcy rje bmcurgine
xcmvnie urb gc jeny fc urb rje efrmec b rje qblcgde- b crve urb
obme b qnqb bjxbgdefe bj jbmdce c jeny xcyyqbm ey emjey fcy infefcy-
byacegfc*yb ybjxb xc fnpb c jbmdc- yb`e cr gc elefqbm ec erfnvnc'
Jey vr grgie qnyvb rje bvnie fbyvb yblrgfc vnxc' Yb- gc bgvegvc- jb xcfby
ngfnie rj cefc fbyvb lgbc- xcurb gc jb fnpby ` urbj 3 $289 o.'
Xbegvb c ynmginc fb Imnimby- Yievby ngynyvb jeny efnegvb $259 i.0 Y rje
xbyyce urb vb vcgb ngvbnejbgvb nlrem e bmby [xcqc fb EvbgeyZ ae fb vn- icjc
fbyb`ey- rj xcmvnic b rj cefc- xcurb c urb urbmby elefe bgicgve gcy
vbry fnyirycy c ybr xxnc xbgyejbgvc0 c xbgyejbgvc fb crvbj y mdby
ierye bgaefc' Yb exbgey e fbiefgine evbgnbgyb urb icgfrp e byvb
bgrginefc ycivnic3 Cr- xbmc icgvnc- gc byvebjcy ge onve fe jcem fc
boegdc- e jcem fcy jeny aeicy- urb vbj icjc bqnfbgvb icgvexcgvc e jcem
fcy jeny acvby fbabgfnfe xc Imnimby3 Fe e xblrgve ngynfncye urb Yievby
mdb fnnlb $252 e.0 Deqb emlrj urb- ybgfc jer- ng`ryvc- ngvbjxbegvb b
ngybgyevc- yb vbgde vcgefc leey e Imnimby rje xbyyce fb obj- urb yb
vevb fb rj byveglbnc cr fb rj infefc- fb rj byieqc cr fb rj dcjbj
mnqb3' B- ureyb gc anj fc fnmclc- exebib e byxcyve armlregvb b
fbymrjoefe fb Yievby0 Ibnc yb fcy xcricy Evbgnbgyby- xee gc fnpb c
gnic- urb irmvnqej e qbfefbne evb xcmvnie b e xbj bj xvnie gcy fney fb
dc`b' $2?5 f.' Fn*yb*0 Yievby bgfb*yb mnycg`e' Gefe jeny bglegefc'
Imnimby- ge yre qbvnlbj fe xentc- qen*yb emdbegfc xcgvremjbgvb fe
elrjbgvec ycivnie $fbyfb- emny- e ngvbqbgc fb Llney bj 6>< o.'
Yievby- byyb- c yjocmc fe ycmnfc ge yre qbvnlbj fe qbfefb b fc obj
uregfc gc- jbyjc- fc fcljevnyjc b fc vbcnyjc ngvbmbivrem $urb ge
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birye fe gevrbpe ejonqembgvb fc xepb urb- ycobvrfc- ge yre evnvrfb
xbegvb e anlre b ey co`biby fb Imnimby.' Cr gey xemeqey fb Gnbvpyidb0
$'''. Yievby `rmlcr*yb ge conlevcnbfefb fb icnln e bemnfefb btnyvbgvb0
bmb- c yb nycmefc- bgve icj rje anyncgcjne fb fbyxbpc b eclgine- icjc
ybgfc c xbiryc fb rje irmvre- evb b jcem fb gfcmb vcvemjbgvb fnabbgvb-
grj jrgfc ir`c eyvc xcfbejcy icgynfbe*gcy yrxbjejbgvb abmnpby fb
iexve icj bqbgine'2 Eibyibgvegfc0 Bguregvc urb bj vcfey ey xbyycey
xcfrvnqey c ngyvngvc `ryvejbgvb e ace inefce b eanjevnqe b e icgyingine
yb bqbme icjc e ngyvgine ivnie b fnyyreynqe- bj Yievby c ngyvngvc urb yb
vcge bj ivnic b e icgyingine gc bmbjbgvc inefc rje qbfefbne
jcgyvrcynfefbxbr fbabivj%'1
Eurn idblefcy- vemqbp yb`e xbvngbgvb icmcie rje urbyvc ynjxmby jey
byimebibfce0 vb Gnbvpyidb mnfc- fb aeivc- Lrlney fb Xmevc3
Yb mbjcy ey gcvey ec vbtvc urb eicjxegdej e bfnc xcvrlrbye fb C
Geyinjbgvc fe Vrelfne- < m bgicgvejcy e babgine e byvb fnmclc fb
Xmevc- jeny xbinyejbgvb e 28? o- bj urb Yievby fnemcle icj Imnimby
ycob e velfne lble- xblrgvegfc fb acje bvnie0 Yb- xcqbgvre- rje
nfbne elefqbm b leincye- jey j- byace*yb e velfne xc bmnjng*me b-
xbmc icgvnc- yb fbyelefqbm jey vnm- aep urbyvc fb e fnpb b iegve- urb
c xomnic lcyvb cr gc3; mclc e yblrn- Yievby nfbgvnanie ey ieeivbyvniey
2 Anbfnid Gnbvpyidb- C Geyinjbgvc fe Vrelfne c Jgfc Lrblc b Xbyynjnyjc- vefrc fb
Vbbye _' Iefbvb- icm' Coey byicmdnfey- qcm' 5- _bmlnc Flre Bfnvcby- Mnyoce- 5>>4'< GV- xx' 5*?55'
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fe velfne lble icj ey ieeivbyvniey fe efrmec $28? i.' Byve babgine
ec fnmclc fb Xmevc gc angem fc 59 fb C Geyinjbgvc fe Vrelfne- cgfb
Gnbvpyidb jcyve e byvbnve bmec bgvb ey vbgfginey fb Yievby b
Brxbfby'4 Jeny efnegvb- gc 56- xcfb*yb mb0 _bicfbjcy exbgey ey
icgyburginey fey xcxcynby ycivniey Qnvrfb yeob; y yb xbie xc
nlgcgine; c yb qnvrcyc abmnp0 gbyvey vy acjey oyniey fc cxvnjnyjc
bynfb e jcvb fe velfne' Xcny elce c dbn qnvrcyc vbj fb yb rj
fnemivnic- elce vbj fb btnyvn rje mnlec gbibyyne b qnyqbm bgvb qnvrfb b
yeob- a b jcem $'''.'> E ynvrec byv byimebinfe0 Gnbvpyidb mbr- fb aeivc-
Lrlney fb Xmevc'
Icgyveve*yb- emny- urb Gnbvpyidb icjbe xc eibgvre e xcombjvnie ibgvem
fb Lrlney fb Xmevc0 yb urb c elefqbm b c obj yc xeyyqbny fb
nfbgvnaniec3 Xee- mclc e yblrn- fbabgfb rje fey vbyby e exbybgvefey e
vbyb fb Imnimby- yblrgfc e urem c xepb argc fe fc ec jbyjc vbjxc
urb birye fb acje btxminve e elrjbgvec ycivnie- c xcfb fe fnemivnie'
Gnbvpyidb cr c blbyyc fb Imnimby- gc d fqnfe' Jey- cgfb byyb blbyyc
yb vcge jeny bqnfbgvb- jeny armlregvb- jbyjc- ngfnyirvnqbmjbgvb bj Xere e
Lbgbemclne fe Jcrem'58 Fnvc fb crve jegbne0 cy yngvcjey ` byvc
4 GV- x' >>' Vejoj gc angem fc 5?- xx' >6*>2- yb xcfb mb0 Brxbfby bjxbgdcr*yb bj
jcyve ec jrgfc- icjc abp vejoj Xmevc- c cxcyvc ec xcbve ybj ngvbmbivc; c ybr
xngixnc byvvnic vrfc vbj fb yb icgyinbgvb xee yb obmc $'''. e ybgvbge xeembme ec
ycivnic vrfc vbj fb yb icgyinbgvb xee yb ocj' $'''. Yb nyvc ierycr e rge fe velfne
jeny egvnle- bgvc c ycievnyjc byvvnic c xngixnc eyyeyyngc0 jey ge jbfnfe bj urb e mrve
be fnnlnfe icgve c bmbjbgvc fncgnyeic fe evb jeny egvnle- bicgdbibjcy bj Yievby c
efqbync fb Fncgnyc $'''.'> GV- x' 58?'58 Anbfnid Gnbvpyidb- Xere e Lbgbemclne fe Jcrem' Rj Byirnvc Xcmjnic- vefrc fb @cy J'
@ryvc- icm' Coey byicmdnfey- qcm' 1- _bmlnc Flre Bfnvcby- Mnyoce- ?888' Byve coe yb
5?
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cjgnxbybgvby bj C Geyinjbgvc fe Vrelfne; vcfeqne- y bj Xere e
Lbgbemclne fe Jcremveny yngvcjey qc legde icxc * c icxc fb rj aegveyje-
icjc eicgvbib- emny- ybjxb urb yb bgrgine c fbyb`c' Ybgc mbne*yb c angem fc
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rj jcgmclc urb cicbr' - fb aeivc- rj xcibyyc ryrem gcrvcy Xbvnvy
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