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DOCUMENTARY MODES
Bill Nichols
• Addresses the viewer directly to advance argument or recount history
• Subjected and often polemical• Characterized by hidden,
authoritative, ‘omniscient’ narrator, whose voice is supported by images rather than the other way round.
• Criticisms: Overly didactic and ‘Preachy’
Expository Mode
• Events observed and recorded by ‘objectivity’ with no authorial intrusion
• Often called the ‘fly on the wall’ documentary as it is just pure footage and no voice over
• Criticism: Lacks History and Context
Observational Mode
• Film maker appears in their documentary, interviewing and expressing views to the camera (contrasting against the expository mode)
• Polemical • A good example is Michael Moore’s
documentary• Criticism: Too intrusive and one sided.
Participatory Mode
• The documentary frequently reflects on it’s own artificially, drawing attention too this
• Criticism: Too artificial
Reflexive Mode
• A much more personal approach than participatory mode, the individual film maker tells their own story
• Often political – Stories told by members of minority groups
• Criticism: Too abstract, lose sight of actual issues.
Performative Mode