MODULe Analis

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ENGLISH MODULEStructure Reading Writing - Speaking

POLTEKKES BANDUNG

9/23/2012

Ria Nirwana, S.S.


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Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung

ANALIS KESEHATAN 2

ContentsStructure .......................................................................................................................................... 6

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 6

THE PARTS OF SPEECH ......................................................................................................... 6

SENTENCE ................................................................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................... 8

THE BASIC STRUCTURES OF SPEAKING ENGLISH ......................................................... 8

CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 15

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ......................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................. 18

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES .................................................................................................... 18

SPEAKING ........................................................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 20

GREETING ..................................................................................................................................... 20

Introducing Yourself ...................................................................................................................... 20

Introducing Other People ............................................................................................................. 21

Identifying People, Things ............................................................................................................. 21

Classroom Questions .................................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 23Conversation Starters ............................................................................................................ 23

General greetings and inquiries ........................................................................................................ 23

Asking about present activities ......................................................................................................... 23

Asking and telling about recent events ............................................................................................ 23

Bringing up a serious topic ................................................................................................................ 24

Rejoinders ..................................................................................................................................... 24

Rejoinders are quick responses to show that you are interested or paying attention. ................... 24Note how rejoinders are used in the following situations. .............................................................. 24

Rejoinders may also take the form of follow-up questions. Note how they are used in thefollowing situations. .......................................................................................................................... 24

Giving Opinions ............................................................................................................................. 25

Asking for Opinions ........................................................................................................................... 25

Giving Opinions ................................................................................................................................. 25

CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................. 25

Situations: Introducing Others ......................................................................................... 25


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 3

Buying and Selling ......................................................................................................................... 27

Making Suggestions ...................................................................................................................... 27

Asking for Favors ........................................................................................................................... 28

Requesting .................................................................................................................................... 28

Offering ......................................................................................................................................... 29

Speaking Situations: Expressing Possibility ................................................................................... 29

Asking for Directions ..................................................................................................................... 30

Asking about Place/Location ......................................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................. 32

Discussion Techniques .......................................................................................................... 32

DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING ................................................................... 32

CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................. 35

DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING ....................................................................... 35

CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................................. 37

GIVING SUCSESSFUL PRESENTATION .............................................................................. 37

I. Preparing Your Presentation ................................................................................................ 37

II. USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR YOUR PRESENTATIONS .................................................................... 39

III. Practicing your presentation ............................................................................................ 42

IV. GIVING YOUR PRESENTATION ......................................................................................... 44

The example of presentation: ................................................................................................ 45

ORGAN DONATION ............................................................................................................... 45

LISTENING ........................................................................................................................................... 47

CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 47

OBESITY EPIDEMIC .................................................................................................................. 47

CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 48

BUSINESS ENGLISH TO GO ..................................................................................................... 48Part 1 - Interviews .......................................................................................................................... 48

Part 2 Induction .......................................................................................................................... 53

Part 3 Meetings ........................................................................................................................... 57

Part 4 - Presentations ..................................................................................................................... 62

Part 5 Appraisals ......................................................................................................................... 66

Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 71

PRESENTATION : OPENING ................................................................................................... 71

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 71


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 4

BODY ........................................................................................................................................... 72

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 72

INTERUPTION ......................................................................................................................... 73

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 73

QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 74

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 74

TIPS ............................................................................................................................................. 75

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 75

READING ............................................................................................................................................. 76

CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................................... 76

WHAT CAN COMPUTER DO? ................................................................................................. 76

CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 77

THE MAJOR PURPOSES OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEM .................................................... 77

WRITING ............................................................................................................................................. 81


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 5


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 6

Structure

INTRODUCTION

THE PARTS OF SPEECH

1. Noun : table, horse, people, student, rice etc

2. Verb : walk, write, sing, dig, hold, sleep, cry, laugh etc

3. Adjective : lazy, sad, happy, clever, pretty, good, bad etc

4. Adverb : here, there, Jakarta, Bandung etc

5. Pronoun : she, he, it, they, we etc

6. Conjunction : and, or, out, after, before, because etc

7. Preposition : in, on, at, between, by etc

8. Interjection : Hello! , Auch! , Hi! , Oh! Etc


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 9

4. Pelengkap = S + can, must, will, shall, should, want to + be + adjective

e/ I must be calm to present my paper

5. Akan menjadi = S + will, shall + be + noun

e/ I shall be employee a PT. PINDAD

dapat menjadi = S + can + be + noun

e/ I can be a presenter as she is good at communication

Harus menjadi = S + must + be + noun

e/ I must be a good lecturer

Seharusnya menjadi = S + should + be + noun

e/ You should be a technician not a driver

Ingin menjadi = S + want to + be + noun

e/ I want to be a professor

II. Fungsi to HAVE

1. Mempunyai = S + have/has/had + noun

e/ I have twenty subordinaries and they are at different position

2. Telah/Sudah = S + have/ has/had + V3

e/ I have sustained the growth of our branches offices to achieve the target

3. Harus = S + have/has/had + to infinitive (V1)

e/ She has to report her achievement.

4. Causative (menyebabkan orang lain melakukan sesuatu) = S + have/has

+something + V3

e/ I have my car repaired

III.

Membuat kalimat APAKAH1. DO, DOES/DID + S + Verb + ?


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 10

e/ Do you know how to raise about 80 million for the company?

Did she go yesterday

2. Are, am, is, was, were + S + out of verbe/ are you at marketing?

3. Membuat kalimat apakah ditengah kalimat

Gunakan if atau whether untuk mengatakan apakah di tengah kalimat.

e/ I dont know how whether the boards of manager can improve the

management system.

IV. Membuat kalimat Tanya dengan WH-questions (what, where, why, who,whose, which)

e/ what do you like?

Where do you live?

Why does she work in a bank?

Which one will he choose?

Whose pen is it?

V. Bagaimana mengenali subject?

1. Noun : e/ You must keep staff motivated, especially when things get difficult.

2. Ingform : e/ analyzing the financial report should be performed monthly.

3. To infinitive : e/ to analyze the financial report need two hours.

4. There: e/ there are options given

5. IT : e/ it is difficult to sell the product.

Beintuk ingform setelah preposisi: .after, before, in, on, at.

Example:

These goods have been checked before being sent.

I will give reward after knowing their sales achievement.

VI. Passive Voice


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 11

a. Di = S + are, am, is, was, were + V3 + Object

e/ the report is analyzed by production manager.

b. Sedang di : S + a, is, are, was, were + being + V3 + Object

e/ Your order was being delivered at the time.

c. Telah di/Sudah di = S + have, has + been + V3 + (by) + Object

e/ these products have been delivered by him.

d. Akan di = S + shall, will, should, would + be + V3 + (by) + Object

These goods shall be delivered by them the end of this month.

e. Akan di = S + is, are, was, were + going + to be + V3 + (by)

e/ these products are going to be delivered the next monday

f. Dapat di = S + can, could + be + V3 + (by) + O

e/ new style of marketing strategy can be created

g. Harus di = S + must + be + V3 + (by) + O

These goods must be distributed through the world.

h. Apakah di = are, am, is, was, were + S + V3 + ( by) + O + ?

e/ was the meeting closed yesterday?

i. Akankah.di ? : shall/will + S + be + V3 + (by) + O + ?

e/ shall new product be produced by our company?

Dapatkahdi ? : can + S + be + V3 + (by) + O + ?

Haruskah .di ? : Must + S + be + V3 + (by) + O + ?

VII. DEGREES OF COMPARISONS

Tingkat perbandingan dala bahasa inggris ada tiga, yaitu:

Tingkat positive : asas = se

Tingkat lebih : .erthan = lebih dari

..morethan

Tingkat paling : the.est

The most..

1. One syllable adjective

Positive Comparative SuperlativeDark darker than the darkest


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 12

Old older than the oldest

Tall taller than the tallest

New newer than the newest

Strong stronger than the strongest

2. Two syllables adjective

Boring more boring than the most boring

Careful more careful than the most careful

Famous more famous than the most famous

3. Adjective with three or more syllable

Important more important than the most important

Responsible more responsible than the most responsible

4. Irregular forms of adjective

Bad worse than the worst

Far farther than the farthest

Little less than the least

Many/much more the most

5. ly adverbs

Carefully more carefully than the most carefully

Clearly more clearly the most clearly

6. Adverbs that do not end in ly

Close closer than the closest

Fast faster than the fastest

Hard harder than the hardest

7. Irregular forms of adverbs


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 13

Badly worse than the worst

Far farther than the farthest

Well better than the best

Example:1. An esay test is more difficult than an objective test.

2. The ice cream is the best of all.

3. The prices are more expensive than those at a discount store.

VIII. YANG

1. People + that, who, which + am, is, are, was, were + V3 = yang di

e/ the woman who was dismissed is my friend.

2. Something + that, which + have, has + been + V3 = yang telah die/ the goods which have been sent to Jakarta are broken.

3. Something + that, which + shall, will + be + V3 = akan di

e/ I believe the goods which shall be sold are at good condition.

IX. Mengenali bentuk kata benda abstrak

Kata benda nyata seperti table, teacher mudah dikenali dan bila berhubungan

dengan kata sifat, maka posisinya kata sifat dulu baru kata benda (adj + N). akan

tetapi bagaimana mengenali kata bendayang abstrak (tidak dapat disentuh),

seperti explanation. Bila dalam bahas Indonesia memepunyai ciri- ciri pean

dan ke.an sedangkan dalam bahas inggris mempunyai cirri yan berakhiran

dengan:

----------ment : develop (v) menjadi development (N)

----------ship : leader (N) menjadi leadership (N)

----------nce : accept (V) menjadi acceptance (N)

----------ty/y : deliver (V) menjadi delivery (N)

----------ion : decide (V) menjadi decision (N)

-----------ness : good (Ajd) menjadi goodness (N)

Mengenali bentuk kata sifat

--------al : technology (N) ------ technological (Adj)--------ent : differ (V) ------------ different (Adj)


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 14

-------ive : act (V) ----------active (Adj)

------able : accept (V) --------acceptable (Adj)

------less : care (V) ---------careless (Adj)

------ful : care (V) ----------careful (Adj)

Example :

1. Explain

If you read the explanatory leaflet, everything should be clear.

We are waiting for an explanation of his behavior in the meeting

2. Expense

Its expensive to send the goods by air but theyre needed urgently.

They offered her Rp. 100.000 plus expenses.

Unfortunately expenditure on the project was much more than expected.

His expense claims are being looked at by the Chief Account.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 15

CHAPTER 2

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech asalah kalimat yang melukiskan ucapan langsung dari seseorang. Kalmat itu

diberi tanda baca : ..

Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang menceritakan kembali ucapan-ucao\pan seseorang

secara tidak langsung.

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Simple Present Past Tense

He never eat meat, He explained that he

he explained. never ate meat.

2. Present Continuous Past Continuous

Im waiting for Ria, he said that he was

he said. Waiting for Ria.

3. Present Perfect Past Perfect

I have found a flat, he said that he had

He said. Found a flat.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Cont.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 17

Interrogative

Says:

Hably says to Ishell, I am late Hably says to Ishell that he is late.

Can, are, will, do if/whether

5W + H why, where, which, who, how

Imperative

Command:

He said to his servant, Go away at once He ordered his servant to go

away at once.

Adverbial :

Direct Indirect

This that

These those

Here there

Ago before

Now then

Today that day

Tomorrow the next day

Yesterday the previous day

Last night the previous night

Next week/year thefollowing week/year

A year ago a year before

The day after tomorrow in two days time


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 18

CHAPTER 3

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional Sentence ( Kalimat pengandaian if)

Kalimat pengandaian di bagi dalam tiga bagian yaitu:

1. Possible ( mungkin)

Apabila kalimat pertama adalah future, maka kalimat kedua adalah

present. Begitu pula sebaliknya.

Example:

he will come if you invite him.

if I see her, Ill tell her.

2. Imaginary ( khayalan )

Apabila kata kerja dalam klausa if adalah dalam bentuk past, maka katakerja dalam induk kalimat adalah dalam bentuk pengandaian (conditona).

Example:

He would come if you invited him>

If I saw her, Id tell her

3. impossible ( tidak mungkin )

apabila kat a kerja dalam klausa if adalah dalam bentuk past perfect

tense, maka kata kerja dalam induk kalimat adalah dalam bentuk perfect

conditional.

Example:

he would have come if you had invited him.

If I had seen her, Id have told her.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 19

Note: unless = if not

I wont pay you unless you do the work.

Berarti

I wont pay you if you do not do the work.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 20

SPE KING

CHAPTER

GREETING

1. Hi.

Hello.

2. Good morning.

Good afternoon.

Good evening.

3. How are you?

How are you doing?

How ya doing? (Informal)

4. Fine. How about you?

5. Okay. Thanks.

Introducing Yourself

1. I'm John.

I'm Jackie. (Use first name in informal situations)

2. I'm John Kennedy.

I'm Jackie O'Neill. (Use full name in business and formal situations)

3. (It's) nice to meet you.

(It's) nice meeting you. (It's) good to meet you.

4. Nice to meet you too.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 21

Introducing Other People

1. This is my friend, Jack. Hi Jack. I'm Linda

my brother, Bob.

my sister, Cindy.

my father, Mr. Harris.

my mother, Mrs. Harris.

my teacher, Ms. Watson.

my student, Carrie.

my friend, Mary Jones.

my boss, Mr. Ritter.

my co-worker, Penny Pitcher.

2. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too.

Identifying People, Things

1. This is Minnie Rivers.

That is Mr. Lewis.

2. Minnie is a writer.

Mr. Lewis is a barber.

Gail is an artist.

He is a photographer.

She is a secretary.

He's a dentist.

She's a doctor.

3. I am a computer programmer.

I'm a businessman.

I'm a businesswoman.

I'm not a mechanic.

4. We are writers.

They are engineers.

You are a student.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 22

5. This is an apple.

This is a banana.

That is an orange.

That is not a tomato.It is a telephone.

It's a horse.

It's not an airplane.

Classroom Questions

What's your name?

What is this?

What is that?

How do you say it in English?

How do you spell it?

Please say it again.

Please speak more slowly.

I don't understand.I'm sorry.

My name is Robert.

You can call me Bob

That's a pencil

It's a desk.

Eraser.

E-R-A-S-E-R.

All right.

Okay. Listen carefully.Let me explain.

That's okay.
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ANALIS KESEHATAN 23

CHAPTER 2

Conversation Starters

General greetings and inquiries

How's it going?

How's everything?

How's life?

(This means "How are you?" not "Where are you

going?")

Asking about present activities

What's up?

What's happening?

(What are you doing now?)

Asking and telling about recent events

What's new?

Guess what?

(What interesting has happened since I last saw

you?)

(I want to tell you something. Ask me about it.)

(The appropriate response to this is "What?")


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 24

A: Guess what?

A: I just got a new job.

B: What?

B: Congratulations!

Bringing up a serious topic

Can I talk to you for a minute?

Do you have a minute?

Got a minute?

Rejoinders

Rejoinders are quick responses to show that you are interested or paying attention.

(Oh) Really?

That's interesting.

Is that right?

Note how rejoinders are used in the following situations.

1. I just got a new job.

2. I lost my wallet yesterday.

Oh really? That's great!

Oh really? That's too bad.

Rejoinders may also take the form of follow-up questions. Note how they are used in the

following situations.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 25

1. I just bought a new car.

2. Johnny is in the hospital.

3. I'm going to Hawaii.

You did?

He is?

You are?

Giving Opinions

Asking for Opinions

What do you think?

What's your opinion?

What are your ideas?

Do you have any thoughts on that?

How do you feel about that?

Giving Opinions

I think we should get a new car.

I don't think we need one.

I believe (that) smoking should be outlawed.

I don't believe (that) it should be illegal.

In my opinion, Gone with the Breeze is the best movie ever made.

I feel that it's the right thing to do.

I don't feel that it's such a good idea.

CHAPTER 3

Situations: Introducing Others

Conversation Practice

These types of introductions involve three people:


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 26

A: The introducer (who knows both B and C)

B: Introducee (knows A but not C)

C: Introducee (knows A but not B)

Example,A: Have you two met each other?

B: No, we haven't.

A: Ben, this is Carol. Carol this is Ben.

(B and C smile and shake hands.)

B: Nice to meet you Carol.

C: Nice to meet you too, Ben.

Follow-up:

After you have been introduced to someone,

it is polite to ask a few general questions* to get acquainted.

For example,

B: Where are you from, Carol?

C: I'm from Connecticut.

B: Connecticut, which part?

C: Hartford, the capital. How about you, Ben?

B: Nebraska--a place called Bellevue. It's near Omaha.

C: How do you know Alan (A)?

B: He is my friend from college.

Practice introducing your friends to each other.

Remember to smile (and use handshakes where appropriate).

*When meeting someone for the first time,

it is not appropriate to ask certain types of questions.

Do NOT ask:

A person's age

Birth date

Salary


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 28

Asking for Favors

Here are some sample phrases and expressions for asking favors in English.

asking permission)

1. Can you help me with my math?

2. Could you bring me some coffee?3. Would you open the car door for me?

4. Could I ask you a favor?

Sure. What's the problem?

I'd be glad to. How do you like it? No problem. It looks like your hands are full.

It depends. What is it?

Requesting

Here are some phrases and expressions for requesting in English.

- Help me.*

- Please help me.

- Can you help me?

- Will you help me?

(please) . . . ? - Could you help me?

- Would you please help me?

- Would you mind helping me?

- Could you possibly help me out here?

be so kind as to . . . ? - Would you be so kind as to help me (with

this)?

See also: Free-English-Study: Requesting

1. Give me a paper towel.

2. Please mail this letter for me.

3. Would you please turn down that

music?

Here you are.

Okay. I'll stop by the post office on my way

home.

Sorry. Is it bothering you?
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ANALIS KESEHATAN 30

Asking for Directions

Here are some phrases and expressions for asking directions in English.

asking about location. )

(the) . . . ?

See also: Free-English-Study: Asking for Directions

1. Excuse me. Is there a grocery store around

here?

2. Can you tell me how to get to Phoenix?

3. Where's Tanner's Leather Shop?

4. How do you get to the bank?

Yeah. There's one right across the street.

Sorry. I don't live around here.

It's on the corner of Holly and Vine. Next to

the library.

Go straight down this street for two blocks.

Turn left when you get to Maple Street. Stay

on Maple for half a block. It's on the left

hand side.

Asking about Place/Location

It's on Main Street.

It's next to the post office.

It's between the bakery and the barber shop.

It's on the corner of Ninth Street and Pine (Street).Where's Lagoon?
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ANALIS KESEHATAN 32

CHAPTER 4

Discussion Techniques

DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING

Discussion techniques


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 34

b. Welcome

Welcome to PT.PINDAD/ our conference/etc.

On behalf of PT. PINDAD/ MR. Ramly/ the committee/ etc. I would like to welcome

you to our meeting about. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming to PT.PNDAD

Introducing a speaker

Speakers identity

I am very pleased to introduce our speaker today, Mr. David from HRD Dept, who willtalk us today about

DISCUSSION

1. People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons (for example: new

experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people

attend colleges? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

2. Parents are the best teacher. Use the specific reasons and examples to support your

answer.

3. Read and think about the following statement: people behave differently when they

wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people

behave? Use specific reason to support your answer.

4. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which

place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reason and details to support your

answer.


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5. Some people trust their first impressions about a pe rsons character because they

believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a persons

character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare

these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choices withspecific examples.

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING

Discussion techniques

In a meeting, you may want to find out what the other members of the group think.

You can ask them for their views by saying.

What are your views on this, Unyu?

Kirei, what do you think about it?

Do you agree. Hen?

Ani, what is your opinion?

If you want to interrupt someone and put forward your opinion you can say:

Sorry to interrupt, but Id just like to say that

Could I make a suggestion?

It seems to me that

If you want to make sure the others in the group have understood or find out if they

agree with you, can say:

Do you see what I mean?

Are you with me?

Do you agree Denis?

Are we unanimous?

Does anyone object?


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If you dont understand what someone has said, you can say:

Sorry, could you say that again, please?

I am sorry, I didnt catch what you said.

Sorry, I am not quite with you.

MEETINGS

How to open a meeting and introduce a speaker.

Opening a meeting

c. Greeting

Good morning(until 12.00) afternoon (12.00-18.00) evening (after 18.00)

d. Welcome

Welcome to PT.PINDAD/ our conference/etc.

On behalf of PT. PINDAD/ MR. Ramly/ the committee/ etc. I would like to welcome

you to our meeting about.

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming to PT.PNDAD

Introducing a speaker

Speakers identity

I am very pleased to introduce our speaker today, Mr. David from HRD Dept, who will

talk us today about


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CHAPTER 6

GIVING SUCSESSFUL PRESENTATION

I. Preparing Your Presentation

There are eight stages to preparing a presentation.

1. Objectives

Why are giving this talk?

Who will you be talking to?

How much do they know about the subject already?

What effect do you want your presentation to have?


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2. Limitations

How long have you got?

Do you have to follow a certain format?

Where will you be giving your presentation?

Can you change the room around to suit your preferences?

3. Main points

Decide on your main points. No more than three points in a 10-

minute talk.

Is there a logical connection between these points?What evidence can you produce to support your points and

make your case clear?

4. Beginning

Youll need to get the audiences attention, so introduce yourself.

Check that they can see and hear you all right.

Tell them what your topic is

Tell them how youll discuss it:

How long is your presentation going to be?

How many parts are there?

Will you take questions as you proceed?

Will you invite discussion at the end?

5. Middle

Prepare your talk so you lead the audience through your main

points in a logical and interesting fashion. It helps if you put

variety in the ways you present your case.

Where they are appropriate, you could plan to use:. examples, anecdotes and case histories


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Charts and graphs Handout given out at the start, in the middle or at the end

of the presentation.

Slides, video clips or objects which people can pass round

6. End

Summaries the main points of your presentation and make your

conclusion. If possible leave the audience a parting shot to

stimulate their thoughts.

7. And then

When you have written your presentation, look it over carefully,

from the viewpoint of:

Your intended audience Does it meet the objectives? Is the structure as logical as can be? Is the content right for the audience? Is it too long? Then revise the presentation

8. Visuals

Prepare your visuals (powerpoint slides, overhead Projector foils,etc)

Make sure they are clear, and that any text is big enough (no

smaller than 5% of screen size, or 24 point).

II. USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR YOUR PRESENTATIONS

Giving a presentation in your own language can be one of thehardest things you ever have to do-giving a presentation in English


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for many people, can be a nightmare. Making use of some of the

following phrases in your presentation will make you feel much

more confident.

1. The Introduction

At the beginning of any presentations (once you have greeted your

audience and introduced yourself. Of course!) it is important to

make clear the subject of your presentation, how long you are going

to speak and the way in which you have arranged your

presentation. You also need to tell if I the audience the best time forasking questions.

So, the opening of a presentation could sound something like this:

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for coming thismorning. My name is Jane Brown, and for the next 20 minutes Ishall be talking to you about our new product product X. if youhave any questions while Im speaking, please save them for theend of the presentation.

Of course, if you dont mind being interrupted, then you say, instead of

the last sentence:

If you have any questions while Im speaking, please dont be

hesitating to interrupt me.

Next, you need to explain to your audience how you have organized your

presentation perhaps you could say:

I have divided my presentation into three parts: the history and

development of product X; the use and applications of product X;


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and the marketing implications of the product. At the end, I hope

to have some time to be able to answer your questions .

Once you have completed the introduction-once you have told the audience

what you are going to say you begin the main part of the presentation. You

will find it helpful to prepare some phrases which link your ideas.

2. The main body

In this part of the presentation you are probably going to need bridging

language to make it clear to your audience that you have finished one

point and are about to move on to another. Ideally, the move from onesubject to another will be smooth and easy. Some of these phrases might

be useful:

And that brings me nicely on to my next point.. One point that follows from A is B. Talk of A naturally leads us to consider B.

If the links between subject matter are not so easy, then one of these

phrases may be necessary:

So thats it for A. now lets turns B. Now. Quite distinct from A, we have B.. That covers A so what about B..?

Also during the main presentation it is likely that you will want to show youraudience some overheads. The Useful language to introduce these includes:

I have prepared an overhead to illustrate this.. This point can be seen more clearly in visual form.. Lets have a look at this transparency.

Throughout the presentation, it is important to keep things as simple as

possible. Short, clear statements are worth a lot more than complicated


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explanations. The easier it is for you to say it, the easier it will be for your

audience to understand.

3. The conclusion

When you have finished the presentation dont forget the conclusion.

Your conclusion should briefly touch on all the points you have made.

These phrases will be helpful for this stage of the presentation:

Before I finish, let me just summarize th e main points By way of conclusion, here again are the most important points To sum up, then, the main aspects of this are

Then, having repeated the main points you should end by thanking your

audience and indicating what is going to happen next. Like this:

Thank you for your attention, ladies and gentlemen. If there are any

questions, Id be delighted to answer them.

That concludes all I have to say on the subject I hope that I have given

you a clear picture of the problems and opportunities. Perhaps we

should now adjourn for a coffee.

Thank you again for giving me this chance to speak to you, ladies and

gentlemen. I hope that you have found the time well spent.

III. Practicing your presentation

Once you have prepared, you need to do five things before you

actually give your presentation.

1. Practice

Practice giving your talk on your own. Get used to the

sound of your own voice, ideally in a room of the size you

will be using.

Check how long your talk is.


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When youre happy wi th it, key the presentation out on a

friend.

2. Visuals Are your visuals effective? Practice using your visuals. Practice talking to the audience, not to the screen. Practice combining giving your talk with changing the

slides.

3. Script

Does the script need tightening up or rewriting? What form will your final script take? Will your script be the complete text printed in a large

typeface? If so, take care to stay in touch with your

audience, rather than just reading your script to them.

Will your script be key words on index cards? If so, take

care to keep the cards in sequence.

4. Space

Arrive in good time Spend a few minutes getting familiar with the room and

any audio- visual equipment youll be using

Allow yourself time to get comfortable in the space this is

your space where you will give your talk.

5. Breathing


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When people are nervous, they tend to take quick, shallow

breaths, which make their voice sound weak. This makes them

feel even more nervous.

Heres how to overcome this, and feel more relaxed: Breathe in slowly and deeply, concentrating on filling your

tummy with air with each breath

Breathe out slowly, getting rid of as much air as you can Repeat a and b five times.

IV. GIVING YOUR PRESENTATION

There are four things to remember during your presentation:

1. Presence

As you get up to give your presentation, make a conscious effort

to stand tall, take a deep breath and look as if you enjoy being

there.

2. Eye contact

Make eye contact with people in your audience in a friendly way.

People respond much better when they think you are talking to

them, not just reading your script to yourself. In a small room, try

to make eye contact with each person in the audience; in a largerhall, make eye contact with different groups in the audience.

3. Voice

Speak slowly and clearly Remember to breathe slowly and deeply.

Speak clearly


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Speak loudly enough so everyone can hear. If you are not

sure if they can hear you clearly, ask if they can.

4. MoveYou are allowed to move as you give your presentation.

It can help add variety and interest to come to the front of the

podium to deliver a telling point. Try to avoid hiding behind the

lectern.

Good luck with your presentations. Remember that the audiences are on your

side: they want you to do well.

The example of presentation:

ORGAN DONATION

Ladies and Gentlemen, today I am here to share with you my views on organ donation, inthe hope that you will take them on board and give someone the ultimate gift after youhave left this earth the gift of life.

Ladies and Gentlemen, at this moment in the U.S there are 79,000 U.S patients on thetransplant waiting list. Three thousand a month are added to this total. Not a lot you maysay when the population is close to three hundred million, but now add twenty to thirty family and friends to each patient, and the number increases vastly.


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Every day between 16 and 17 people die whilst waiting for a transplant. Again you maysay not a lot but in average mans lifetime the death toll is 1,980,160 almost twomillion people. Ladies and gentlemen you can help by donating your vital organs after youhave passed away you can save lives.

For the more sentimental of you, of the 79,000 patients waiting for a transplant, over 10 percent of these are children under 18 years of age. So how can you help? All you have to dois get in touch with your local doctor and he will tell you all you need to know. You fill outone form, and receive a card; it really is that easy. Then, once you have passed away inmany years to come, your organs will be removed and will give somebody else the chance oflife.

After a transplant of a vital organ, the average survival rate is over 80%. A massiveincrease from the 20% that would live without the surgery. Some people worry. Will they beleft open after the surgery as they are already dead, or will they still be able to?

Have an open casket funeral? The answers to these are simple. You will be treated with theup most respect in the surgery and the same procedures apply to the body as a living body. And yes, you will be able to have an open casket funeral if you wish to.

Ladies and Gentlemen- the gift of life is the most amazing gift anybody can give. How canI see things, and what made me become a donor, is that after I am gone I will have no use for my organs. So, why should I deprive someone else from using them?

Please consider what I have said today. Thank you.


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LISTENING

CHAPTER 1

OBESITY EPIDEMIC

20 February 2008

The world needs to tackle the growing epidemic of obesity with the same sense of global

urgency as climate change. The head of the international obesity taskforce, Proffesor Philip

James, said that we needed greater political leadership at the international level. This report

from Matt McGrath: (Listen carefully and complete the missing blanks)

The scale of the ________________________________ is such that the world needs

______________________________________________ on the best ways to tackle it. At

present, according to Professor Philip James, an expert on __________________________,

__________________________________________. This worldwide weight gain is

________________________________ in some diseases- the number of people with type

two _______________________________ is expected to double to 366 million by 2030.

According to Professor James ____________________________________________

for being over weight- we need real political leadership to change the environment that is

rapidly making the world fat. The fat content of food needs to be


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 48

__________________________________________________________________,

advertisers must be prevented from targeting children and governments must encourage

people ___________________________________

Professor James also said that new data from Scandinavia indicates that the weight

of a child at the age of 7 to 12 _______________________________________ they are

going to die early from heart disease or other problems.

CHAPTER 2

BUSINESS ENGLISH TO GO

C Learning EnglishTalk about English

Business Language To Go

Part 1 Interviews

This programme was first broadcast in 2001.This is not a word for word transcript of the programme

Carmela This series is all about chunks of language - now, forget about dictionaries andgrammar books. You dont have the time for that! You want short cuts to quick, fluent andnatural- sounding English. Ill be joined each week in the studio by business English expertDavid Evans. So David, why are chunks of language seen as the way forward?

David Well, I think the basic idea is that thats the way that native speakers learn thelanguage, so why shouldnt non -native speakers do the same thing?

Carmella : But traditionally, non-native speakers have learnt pieces of grammar, theyvelearnt the rules about grammar and individual words.

David : Yes, and obviously theres nothing wrong with that learning a language word byword or - rule - by rule; is an effective way of doing it. The trouble isthat in the business world you need to be able to communicate quickly andunder pressure -and it can often be hard to find that grammar rule or find thatword if youve been learning the language in that way.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 49

Carmela And, of course, the business world is full of these chunks, can you give someexamples?

David : Yes, business as you say - is full of collocations, thats words that go together; stockexpressions, idioms, I mean the list goes onTo give you an example, I suppose, just withthe word business - you can be in business, you can go away on business, you cantravel business class, you can go around the business world - there are hundred of these examples.

Carmela Now each week David and I will look at a different work scenario and explore thekinds of English expressions commonly used within that situation.It may be useful to have a pen and some paper ready to write down what youhear. In this first programme in the series, were starting at the beginning - andhelping you to get the job youve always wanted because today were looking at interview language. Job Interviews are difficult anyway, even more so in asecond language. But dont worry, todays programme is a useful guide to some of the most common English expressions that youll need in an interview.Lets get started - heres an example of an interview situation.

Mary : John, hi. Sit down, make yourself comfortable . Tell me , you're already an officemanager in a medium-sized finance company, why do you want to come and work here?

John : Well, I dont know how much you know but the company has been having someproblems. Quite a few staff has been laid off actually

Mary : right

John : and although my job isn't immediately under threat, Im not sure what the futurewill hold and, in any case, I felt that it was time to start moving up the career ladder. And Ifeel I want a little bit more responsibility. And that combined with the state of the company,convinced me that its time to move on , really.

Carmela: Now the interviewer there, asked a classic question that people often ask ininterviews - they come straight out and say: why do you want this job . And what was Johns response?

David: Well, John was actually a bit negative at the start, he said that he was a little bitworried about his position in the company at the moment. He said quite a few people havebeen laid off. Thats another way of saying quite a lot of people have been made redundant, theyve been asked to leave the company, because the company isexperiencing so me kind of difficulties and so theyre reducing the number of staff. So, hesays that he doesnt know what the future will hold , he doesnt know whats going tohappen in the future.

Carmela : So, he begins the interview then a little bit negatively,

but then he changes and starts to emphasize the positive.


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David Yes. He says that he wants to move up the career ladder . We often talk aboutcareers as being a kind of ladder - because its something that you try to climb up. So, hebegins to be a bit more positive and, he than goes on tosay its time to move on , its time for him to make a change and take the next step on the ladder of his career.

Carmela: Well, its time for us to move on too. This time were going to hear language in another interview its Christopher Beale, hes a Recruitment consultant and he is interviewing someone for the job of salesman for a pharmaceutical company. Now, that expression moveup the ladder, is something that youll hear again, so, listen out!

CLIP Christopher Beale 030 -So let us suppose you had moved up the ladder in our pharmaceutical company, what

would be your priorities in approaching your job.

-The first would be to make sure that I had the support of the people working underneathme.

The second would be to make sure my immediate boss also understood the role that i wastrying to play within the company and third, would be to make sure that the customers

were satisfied.

Carmela Can you tell us a bit about the question form that we heard used by theinterviewer there, David?

David: The interviewer, I think said - if you had moved up the ladder what

would be your priorities in approaching the job . So, what hes doing there, is hes not asking the interviewee about a real situation, he is asking about a hypothetical one.

Carmela: So, this is an imaginary situation then ?

David: Right, an imaginary situation and he clearly marks this with language that he uses,hes using there a structure which I think we call second conditional and youll often hear interviewers ask things like :what would you say .. if you faced this situation? how would you cope if

you dealt this problem? - those kind of things Carmela: .. and why are hypothetical or what would you do questions so common ininterviews?

David : Well, I think it gives the interviewer an opportunity to ask not about theinterviewees past, but it gives them a chance to understand how the interviewee might behave in the future if he or she should get the job. And, Ithink, the important thing from the interviewees point of view - is toremember this is a hypothetical situation, so choose the correct language, inother words you should answer the question with I would, if I faced that

situation I would behave in this way, if I had to deal with that problem, Iwould do this


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Carmela Youre listening to Business Language to Go from the BBC WorldService. Something thats very common in interviews is asking people about their goodpoints and bad points. Could you elaborate, David.

David Well, its a pretty typical interview question . You know , what are yourstrengths and weaknesses, what are your good points and bad points .And, for the interviewee obviously the thing is to make sure that youve got lots of strong points, good points and not so many bad ones. You know, youshouldnt be too hard on yourself. And when you do mention a bad point, its often a good idea to show that youre not only aware of it - but youre also trying to improve. So, you coul d say oh, my bad point is Im not very good at Arabic, for example, but - I am taking lessons every week .

Carmela Youll now hear our two interviewees talking about their own strengths. Listen out for the language that they use.

Mary: John, any other strengths that you feel you bring to the job. What are your strengthsand weaknesses in the workplace?

John: What I'd bring to the job are very, very good organisational skills. I'm stronglymotivated , Im highly committed , very a much a self-starter . I feel that my people skills arefairly well developed and I feel there's scope to carry out that side of my duties even better.And I firmly believe that the combination of my people skills and my organisational abilityis the right combination of skills to do this job really well.

Christopher : If you were assessing yourself on your own strengths and weaknesses howwould you summarise them?

Interviewee : Well I would look at it that Im self motivated . I can also work with a group ofpeople. I know that I can motivate them in a manner that is good for the company.

Carmela Lets look at some of the language that was used there to talk about personalstrengths, David?

David Both the interviewees emphasized that they were motivated. I think we heardexpressions like, strongly motivated, self motivated . The first interviewee said he was aself-starter. We heard the phrase, highly committed

Carmela .and all these expressions, do they all mean the same thing?

David they all mean roughly the same thing. These are all phrases that emphasize the factthat you are keen to do well, that you want o work hard, that youre ambitious, you want tosucceed.


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Carmela We also heard some very concrete examples of things, skills basically.. Tell usabout the language that was used to talk about skills

David : The first interviewee talked about the combination of skills that he can offer in thisnew job. I think he talked about his people skills, in other words how well he deals withpeople, communicates, manages and, he also mentions hisorganisational ability . In other words he was trying to explain that he wasefficient, well organized, good with systems. I think another key- term thats often heard ininterviews as well, is teamplayer.

Carmela : meaning?

David : Well, team player is somebody who works well with other people..Carmela The key to successful interviews is being positive about yourself. Finally, lets hear atypical end to an interview.

Mary : Right well that's pretty much all I want to ask at the moment. Do you have anyquestions for me?

John: I'd just like to know what the time scale is? When do you expect to be able to let usknow?

David Did you notice the expression pretty much ? The interviewer there said , I think right,well, thats pretty much all I what to ask at the moment - and this phrase pretty much is a typical phrase in English - its what we

would call a vague marker .

Carmela : Vague meaning ? David : Well.. meaning.. not precise. Its an indication here, that the speaker is thinking about something, in this case, changing the subject, bringing theinterview to an end. . And we heard the interviewee reply .. Id just like to know what thetime scale is - Again that word just which the interviewee is using to make everything alittle bit softer, a little bit gentler, so that he doesnt come across as being too aggressive Carmela OK, thanks David. And ,just to say that David Evans will be joining me next


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BBC Learning EnglishTalk about English


Part 2 Induction

This programme was first broadcast in 2001.

This is not a word for word transcript of the programme

Carmela: Forget about struggling with dictionaries and grammar books. Well bring you the kind of everyday English that people use all the time in business but that you wont learnfrom your text book. Its probably a good idea for you to get a pen and some paper so thatyou can note down the expressions from todays programme. Today well hea r how tointroduce new people to the work place. As usual Im joined by Business English expert,David Evans. David, Ive worked at places where I wasnt really shown around properly andit does make a difference to first impressions of a company doesnt i t?

David: Yes, it creates a very bad first impression and also its a real waste of time for the new comer to spend so long exploring the new company for themselves.

Carmela: And as we just heard, its not a good idea to overload the newcomer with too much information and introductions.

David: No, people find a lot of information hard to remember. Tell them two or threeimportant things and leave it there.

Carmela: Lets hear an example of somebody being shown round on their first day at

work. Were goi ng to Deep End - a web design company which is based in London. Dionne isshowing new staff member Helena around.


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 54

CLIP Dionne & Helena

Dionne: -Hi, Helena! Nice to see you . Did you get here alright ?

Helena: - Yes Yes. Its been great! .

Dionne: -Good OK. Ill give you a quick whizz round and then well settle you in. So upstairs is the meetings space which you can book by ringing Lorna, shes got a diary, so you know whos in there.

Helena: how many people can we book in the room

Dionne: .. I think we can probably sit about twenty people - and thats quite big So ifyou need to use that, give Lorna a call. This is reception - Kate and Sanj who both answerthe phones and behind them is where we keep all the stationery.

Helena: all right

Dionne: .. So if you need anything - just grab it from there. This is where youll be sitting, its opposite me, this is your desk. The laptop is all set up for you to use and Ill show you through the email package and everything a bit later.

Carmela: Now, before actually pointing out where things are, Dionne made the new staffmember feel at home, feel comfortable. The phrase that was used for that David

David: yes, she just said Did you get here alright?. In other words she askedabout her journey to the office that day. Its a very standard way of breaking the ice. Shethan says Ill give you a quick whizz round . Thats quite a colloquial expression whichreally just means Ill show you round Now, she uses this kind of informal phrase, I think,because she simply wants to put Hellena at her ease, to make her relax and feel welcome.

Carmela: And then there was the offers of help. The phrase if you need something -could you tell us how thats used and if you can use it in any situation?

David: Yes, you can use this kind of expression in any situation. Its what we would call a zero conditional - in other words is an if sentence with the present simple verb in the first half and the present simple verb in the second half.

Carmela: and can you give us an example, David?

David: I think the example we heard there was If you need to use it, give me a call - or if you need anything, take it from there. You might often hearthis phrase used with just as well if you need any help, just call me and that makes it a little bit more welcoming for the other person, feel free to

call me, dont worry about calling me


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ANALIS KESEHATAN 55

Carmela: The final part was actually pointing out where things are physically, wherethings are located, could you tell us about the language that was used there?

David: Dionne just used very simple language there. Really, this is.. This is reception This is where youll be sitting.

Carmela: So,being simple and clear is very important when welcoming a new staffmember, and of course, showing office equipment to them is very importanttoo. Heres another example of someone being shown around on their first day.CLIP Claire and Regina

Actually, while were here, Ill just take you to the photocopying and fax machine. Now the fax machine - you need 9 for an outside line.

Oh right.

And its really straightforward - you just put the sheet of paper face down and it goesthrough like that.

o thats t he fax machine. The printer is over here on our right and the photocopier is justnext to that. Let me show you how the photocopier works . OK, so what you do, you lift

the lid, and place the piece of paper face down and Ill give you the code to make it w ork a bitlater on.

END OF CLIP

Carmela: An essential piece of office equipment being shown there, the photocopier.David, can you talk us through some of the language used.

David: I think there, Clare was trying to make it as easy as possible for Regina to understandwhat was happening. She emphasized this with the phrase - Its really straightforward , inother words its really easy . She also used the phrase let me show you which is the standard phrase to use in this situation, I think shesaid let me show how the photocopier works. But you can use it for a lot of things : let meshow you where the canteen is / let me show you how the phone system works and so on.

Carmela: Youre listening to Business Language to Go from the BBC World Service. As well as being shown around of the office, and how the equipment works,first days also involve a lot of introductions to new people. Lets go back to the web design company to see how Dionne introduces her colleagues toHelena.

CLIP Dionne & Helena

Dionne: -Well youve seen everything now so what Ill do now is Ill introduce you to a couple of people who you havent met yet, wholl you be working a little more closely with Helena: - good Dionne: -Okay let me introduce you to Gary whos just joined our department as well -this is Helena wholl be working with me

Gary: - Hi Helena, howre you doing? .. Helena: - .Good!


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Dionne: - This is her first day so Im giving her a little tour around and showing her where things are etc etc . . so if you need anything just ask Gary , as well. You can sorther out with some keys hopefully.Gary: -Keys or anything you need for the studio, we have fire drills now and then andIll just show you through the basics Helena: -Oh, sure, great yahDionne: - ..Theres Nick, o ne of the directors who spends most of his time sitting in theretends coming in and out of meetings quite a lot. So youll be dealing a lot with him as well The other essential person you need to meet is Rosie who manages the caf. So let meintroduce you to Helena whos just joined to work with me. Rosie: - Hi nice to meet you ..?Helena: nice to meet you.

END OF CLIP

Carmela: Now, its really useful to have a couple of ways of introducing people, because it makes you sound more fluent. And it reduces the monotony too, - it makesthe tour a much more interesting experience - for both of you. David, what arethe different ways of introducing people :let me introduce you to ..

David : Well, we heard a few of them there. We heard Dionne use the phrase let me introduce you to . She said let me introduce you to Gary. Thats a pretty

standard way of doing it. We also heard her say- theres Nick - and I thinkshe was using that expression because Nick was some distance away fromthem. If Nick had been standing much closer, she would probably had saidthis is Nick - or indeed she c ould have just said - Meet Nick.

Carmela: OK those are the ways of introducing people - what about the other bits oflanguage she used ?

David: Well, I think -one thing t hat Dionne is very good at is signalling whats coming next, which makes it much easier for Helena to understand whats happening.

The phrase that I remember hr using there is: what Ill do now is - what Ill do now is, introduce you to Gary for example. So thats a common expression used when giving a tour of the company. Of course we also heardthe phrase that we heard earlier: - if you need anything, just ask .

Carmela: And if you want to bring a tour to an end this is a typical way of doing it.

CLIP Claire & ReginaClare: I think thats about it really I think Ive wrapped everything up for you . Haveyou got any questions that you want to ask me? Any worries or anything?

Regina: Um no, I dont think so at the moment. Ill take in and see how I ge t onClare: OK. If youve got any worries or queries or questions dont hesitate to ask,


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OK? Im only sitting right by you. Regina: OK thanks very much.END OF CLIP

Carmela: David, can you summarise the language that was used there?David: First of all, Clare signalled that it was the end of the tour, using the phrase I think thats about it, really. She than just checked to make sure that Regina had understood everythingshed said using the phrase: Have you got any questions for me?And than finally reassured her that she wasnt really expected to remember everything shed been told by saying to her: Dont hesitate to ask.

C Learning EnglishTalk about English


Part 3 Meetings

This programme was first broadcast in 2001

This is not an accurate transcript of the programme

Carmela: Forget about dictionaries and grammar books. You dont have the time for that! You want short cuts to quick, fluent and natural-sounding English.This week were looking at the language of meetings. Now, we have a lot ofmeetings with colleagues, with clients, in fact you might think we have toomany meetings. But dont worry, today well provide you with some language for running a meeting and also some expressions that you can usewhen youre taking part in one. You might want to have a pen and paper ready to write down the expressions that you hear.Now, as usual Im joined in the studio by business English expert David Evans. David, meetings can be difficult, es pecially in a foreign language, whats your advice?

David: I think It depends on the type of meeting really. Sometimes its okay to just sit and listen to the boss giving you an update on various things. I think there areother times, when the person is having the meeting so that they can get someinput and feedback from the other team members. But whatever type ofmeeting it is, its obviously always useful to have some key phrases at the ready - that way, you dont talk for too long, you dont struggle t o find the word andobviously you can put your point across clearly, without offending anybody.


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Carmela: And lets have a listen now for some of those key phrases. Were starting with a meeting at the employment agency Office Angels. Sarah is having ameeting with her colleague Alex.

CLIP Office AngelsSarah: Right then Alex, lets get down to business . On the agenda today for our publicrelations meeting are the research project, the launch of the website, the timeline for pressreleases, and the executor of the year award. Are you quite happy with those points?Alex: Yeah thats fine .. if you could go through them in order thatd be great. END OF CLIP

Carmela: Now , have a listen to the beginning of another meeting . Youll notice that the language is quite similar.

CLIP MeetingOk everybodythanks for coming Let s keep this meeting fairly briefreally justa coupleof things on the agenda. First of allas you can see the news on the book re-launchand

secondlythe office moveand finallywe will have a little bit of time for any other business.

Carmela: That expression - thanks for coming - thats a really nice, friendly start to the meeting.

David: Yes, I think both of them started very well, actually. We heard the expression -lets ge t down to business, which is a very clear way for the chairperson to sayOK, stop chatting and start working . In the second meeting we heard the phrase lets keep the meeting fairly brief - in other words lets make sure this a nice, efficient, short, meeting.

Carmela : That would be a relief to everyone there I imagine.

David: I think it probably would be. And both people in the meeting use the phraseOn the agenda - as well, so clearly focussing everyones attention on the list ofpoints which are up for discussion.Carmela: Okay, so weve dealt with the start of a meeting. What about when the meetings underway and you dont understand or you want to check something, so you have to interrupt. Lets go back to our two meetin gs and find out whatexpressions they use.

CLIP Meeting - interruptionFirst of allthe book re-launchI just wanted toremind everybody that we will be re-launchingthe fairy tales range with new modern covers and that this is going to happen at the beginning

of next month. I t is importantthat we get this rightand there has been quite a few


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Carmela: And while were on the subject of disagreement, lets look at how you could express your feelings, whether they are positive ones or negative ones, actuallyin the meeting. Listen out for the language used in this next example.

CLIP MeetingSean: The office move as you know , the plans have been up by the main exit for a weeknow. I just wanted to see what kind of feed back you have got.

Tim: Yeah Sean Im sorry but I really strongly disagree with the new floor plan. I think it isdivisive to separate the secretaries and the assistants out from the editors and Managers,Id bemuch happier if we could be located in teams.

Carrie: I think actually Sean is right , I have been chatting to some of the secretaries andtheyre quite keen to all be sitting in the same area and speaking as an editor I think Id like to be with other editors so that we can bounce ideas off each other and things so, I thinkSeans floor plan is right .END OF CLIP

Carmela: Fairly typical meeting there with people agreeing and disagreeing. David, canyou pick up some of the phrases that they used?

David: First of all we had a disagreement - and it was quite a forceful disagreementactually. The person used the expression - I really strongly disagree - . If you

wanted to make it a little softer, a little more polite if you lie, you could saysomething like - Im sorry but I dont agree - thats a little less confrontational.Next, we had another person agreeing - I think she said: No I think Seanis right Now if you were being asked whether you agreed or disagreed witha decision or something like that, you could also just simply say - I quiteagree. Thats a nice short way of expressing it.

Carmela: And there were one or two extra bits of language that we heard there .There was one individual who used a phrase

speaking as an editor Now, why did she use that phrase

David: I think because she wanted to make it clear that her opinion from herperspective , doing the job of an editor. Now, you can use this to indicate anykind of perspective, you can say speaking as a newcomer speaking as someone in the online team - speaking as someone with many yearsexperience , any of these kind of expressions are very valid.

Carmela: Speaking as a co-presenter - were actually moving on to our final extract. This time the language used is to actually to bring the meeting to a close. Listen

out for it - its really important how t o end that meeting


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Claire Francis, Head of Communications is doing a presentation for hercolleagues.

CLIPLadies and gentlemen , thank you very much for coming along here today . I hope

mypresentation isnt going to take too long and that you will find it interesting. Thepurpose of todays presentation is to discuss how we can improve internalcommunications within our company.Now let me begin by explaining that Id like to talk about the business case for better communication, secondly I want to cover different styles and methods and finally Iwould like to finish off by talking about some of the basics we need to have in placeto deliver good quality, consistent communications across the company. Id be veryhappy to invite you to ask questions at the end of the session and Im sure therellbe plenty of time for us to discuss some of the points that have been raised.

END OF CLIP

Carmela: Now have a listen to the beginning of another presentation. Youll notice that it follows a similar pattern to the last example. Listen out for how Tim starts histalk.

CLIPGood afternoonladies and gentlemen Thank you for finding the timeto come and joinme for this presentation this afternoon. My name is Tim Mason, Im a retail consultant and

many of you will have seen me shadowing you in your jobs and looking through the accountsand so on in the company over the last week.I ve invited you here today to have a look at my findings.First, I d like to have a look at the performance of the company, the sales of the company over the last three years. Then I d like to have a look at our mar ket share in thewomen s wear market and look at our competitors and, thirdly I d like to suggest some improvements in our range of women s wear.At the end I d be happy to answer any of your questions.

Carmela: David, what were some of the key expressions that we heard in those twopresentations.

David: Well, I think it was very interesting that both of those presentations followedthe standard pattern for an introduction. We heard in both cases the standardwelcome ladies and gentlemen, thanks for coming . Than they moved onand they stated the purpose or the aim of the presentation - again with a verysimple phraseThe purpose of this presentation - is to talk to you about this subject. Then they move on to a summary of the main points of the presentation. Now,normally the summary would focus on three main points and youd hear expressions like - Id like to talk about I want to have a look at Id like to finish by saying - those kinds of phrases


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speaker was moving from one point to the next . Now lets look at -wasthe expression that we heard to do that .

Carmela: Now lets look at how a presentation might typically end. Were going back to Tim.

CLIPTim: Ladies and gentlemen if you have any questions I would be happy to answerthem now .

Carrie: yeah, can I just ask .um . graph number 3 that last one you showed us can youexplain to me where youre intending to find the extra income to increase the design arrangement in the maternity ware?

Tim: Yes, a very good question Ive looked at the office ware range and it is qui te heavy onmaterial, holiday ware tends to be much lighter much smaller amounts of materialinvolved and I think that s an area FADE OUT where will certainly find a large saving.

Carmela: Now, having told them at the beginning that theyd be able to a sk questions ,Tim then points out that this is a time that they can do just that. He invitessome questions from his audience. How, how did he signal that its question time?

David: Yes, he said:Ladies and gentlemen, if you have any questions Id be happ y to answerthem now .Thats quite a long way of saying - I mean a moresimple way - would have been to say Does anyone have any questionsIts also interesting that he handles the questions very well, making the person feel valued, feel wanted. A way of doing this is simply to say thats a good question.

Carmela: Thanks David. David Evans will be joining me next time for more BusinessLanguage To Go.


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C Learning English

Talk about EnglishBusiness Language To G o

Part 5 Appraisals

This programme was first broadcast in 2001This is not an accurate word-for-word transcript of the programme

Carmela: This week were looking at appraisals thats a meeting where a manager reviews your recent performance. As usual Im joined in the studio by David Evans, our business English expert. David, the purpose of appraisals... Nowtheyre becoming more and more common in companies, arent they?

David: Yes, they are and in fact they are not always called appraisals. Some companies will call them performance reviews , others will call them annualinterviews but whatever you call them I think that companies use them because they are a good way to monitor an employees progress, to motivate people, and I think that they also give an opportunity for managers and the

people they manage to discuss the problems, the challenges that they face andalso to reflect on some of their achievements.


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Carmela: Okay, lets hear the beginning of two staff a ppraisals.Talk about English BBC Learning English

CLIPSean: Elizabeth, thanks for, for coming in. Annual appraisal , of course well have a chance to talk a little bit later and to look at objectives specifically for the, forthe next year but I want to spend this time really looking back over the pastyear. How do you feel its been ?Elizabeth : Its been up and down, yeah. Its beenon the whole its been quite a good year, but up and down -

END OF CLIPCLIP

Manager: As you know this is your annual appraisal that were going to go through today, to have a look back at the year to see how things have gone for you.But first of all hows your year been generally?

Ruth: Its been okay actually. The restructuring hasnt been easy. Staff morale ha sbeen a little bit low at certain points because of the uncertainty. But I thinkpersonally Ive had quite a good year, in terms of my own development and my own job satisfaction.

END OF CLIP

Carmela: Those two appraisals started off in a very similar way.David, what was the key question that was asked in both of them?

David: Well, I think a lot of people running appraisals - like to begin with a very open, verygeneral question. So, if its an annual appraisal, a question like Hows your year been ? is a great way just to get the conversation going. Theperson being appraised would th

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