Module Belajar: Menulis untuk Mahasiswa dan Jurnalis Pemula

7/23/2019 Module Belajar: Menulis untuk Mahasiswa dan Jurnalis Pemula

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GJNTA @DABIBP

G D H T A K V T H ^ T L G B M B V K V U Bn b h I T P H B A K V S D G T A B

GDHTAKV

BFDMNBABG

NBGBKFFPSVFd~dp jp Fjokf~ Pdvj~kj Sdfd V~kdvKBKH Bp'Pbhkp{

kle jd9 Gbv{bpblb~ Idsbhe-Opjg ~d Sdjsd j Is+


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3/144

GJNTA @DABIBP

Gdhtakv th~tl Gbmbvkvubnbh Itphbakv Sdgtab

GdhtakBfdm

NbabgNbgbk

Lb~bmb~k Khv~k~t~d033;


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5/144

KvKSjljl'Sjljl Sdab~kmbh

Gb~dpk 2

Vdip Ipkv~kl

Gb~dpk 6

Pdsjp~vd nvp

Gb~dpk ?

dlkl Uufp

Gb~dpk =

Kds~ Pdsjp~ke

Gb~dpk ;

Sde~p Kdv~ke~kd Pdsjp~ke

Gb~dpk 22

Gdkv Od~pd

Gb~dpk 20

Gdkv Jskk

Gb~dpk 2>

Gdkv Fdpsd

Gb~dpk 0

Ljd D~kl Ipkv~kl

abGSKPbh

Ljd D~kl Ipkv~kl

Ljd D~kl bIK

Gb~dpk >

bed aks~

Gb~dpk 4

@v Sdkv

Gb~dpk 5

Gdkv V~pke~ hduv

Gb~dpk 23

Gdpfe ^JP aks~

Gb~dpk 26

Pdvdvk @l

334

305

3>;

356

35;

3;6

236

206

326

364

3>2

3?4

3=4

222

03

0>

332


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7/144

GDHTAKV th^tL GbmbVKVUb/ ItPhbaKV SDGtab

E

Vdlbpbhe khk! ldsbhnbkbh gdhtakv `tlbh abek mbl kv~kgdub

nbpk vdjpbhe sdhtakv nbh sbpb itphbakv `dablb(( @dablbhebh

khk vdgtb `knbhe sdldpibbh gdgdpatlbh ldsbhnbkbh

{bhe vb~t khk( ^bl ~dpldftbak vdlpd~bpkv! `knbhe mt`thebh

gbv{bpblb~! njl~dp! gbpld~khe! sjak~kvk! gtvkvk `bmlbhvd~khelb~ ldtfmkl vdlbaksth( Gdhtakv nksdpatlbh nbabg

pbhelb gdhntlthe bl~kk~bv gdpdlb(

Ftlts `dpbabvbh! lbabt lbgk `dpldvkgstabh `bmub

gdhtakv sdh~khe nksdabibpk( Ldgbgstbh gdhtakv

gdptsblbh vb~t nbpk `bh{bl ldbmakbh `dpmbpeb {bhe

~knbl `kvb nkbheebs vdsdad( Bsbsth lbpkp hbh~kh{b! iklb

gdgkaklk ldgbgstbh gdhtakv {bhe `bkl! bhnb `kvb

gdhedlvspdvklbh vdfbpb idabv ldgbgstbh adub~ ~takvbh(Vd~dabm k~t! blbh ad`km nkmbpebk jpbhe(

Ndgk gdh{d`bplbh ldgbgstbh gdhtakv k~tabm! Lb~bmb~k

Khv~k~t~d gdhfj`b gdheedabp vd`tbm sdab~kmbh `dp~bitl

V~tnk Bh~pjsjajek nbh Itphbakvgd Nbgbk( Sdab~kmbh

nk~titlbh ldsbnb sbpb edhdpbvk gtnb! nk bh~bpbh{b vkvub!

gbmbvkvub nbh sbpb itphbakv ithkjp(

Gdgkakm gdpdlb {bhe gtnb `tlbh ~bhsb babvbh( Ld ndsbh

gdpdlbabm {bhe gdhtakv Bfdm ad`km `dphbv ndhebh vdebabldh{b~bbh {bhe `dpablt! nbabg nbgbk {bhe nkkhekhlbh

b`bnk nbh nbabg ~titbh ldgblgtpbh gbv{bpblb~ Bfdm(

@dabibp gdhndhebp ~bl ftlts ~bhsb sbhntbh( Lbgk

ldgtnkbh `dptvbmb gdhetgstalbh `bmbh'`bmbh {bhe

~dpfdfdp th~tl nkvb~tlbh nbabg vd`tbm gjnta {bhe

ebgsbhe nk`bfb( Vdmkheeb gdgtnbmlbh {bhe `dabibp

gdgbmbgk ad`km ibtm(

Gbpk Gdhtak

LB^B SDHEBH^BP


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GjnTA @DabIbP m

\ GDhtaKV bFDm nbabG nbGbK W

Abmkpabm gjnta khk! gthelkh nbsb~ vdnklk~ gdg`bh~t

nbabg gdg`kg`khe sdabibp nbh vkbsb vbib sdg`bfbh{b(

@bmbh sdabibpbh gdgbhe ad`km `bh{bl nkbpbmlbh

th~tl gdhtakv ab{blh{b itphbakv! nbpk pdsjp~bvd vbgsbk

`bebkgbhb gdabmkplbh vd`tbm ~takvbh sbhibhe nbhgdhbpkl( Gjnta iteb `dpkvk `bebkgbhb gdhtakv jskhk!

pdvdhvk `tlt nbh iteb gdhtakv fdpsdh(

Vdvtbk ~bped~! khekh gdh{d`bplbh kagt gdhtakv! gjnta

nk`dpklbh ~bl mbh{b ldsbnb gdpdlb {bhe `dabibp nbabg

ldabv gdhtakv Lb~bmb~k Khv~k~t~d( Gjnta khk iteb nk`dpklbh

ld lbgstv'lbgstv nbh vdljabm'vdljabm( Vd`tbm mbpbsbh!

bebp edhdpbvk ld ndsbh ad`km gbgst gdhdptvlbh knd'

kndh{b nbh ljhnkvk vjvkba nk vdlk~bph{b nbabg vd`tbm~takvbh(

Blmkph{b! tfbsbh ~dpkgblbvkm nbpk Lb~bmb~k Khv~k~t~d

ldsbnb ~kg sdhebibp nbh sdhtakv gjnta! FFPSV -Fdh~dp

jp Fjhkf~ Pdvjat~kjh bhn Sdbfd V~tnkdv+ KBKH Bp'Pbhkp{

nbh Ldnt~bbh Idsbhe {bhe ~dabm gdhnbhbk `dpibabhh{b

spjepbg sdab~kmbh Itphbakvgd Nbgbk khk(

Adub~ `tlt khk lbgk khekh `dpsdvbh! `bmub gdhtakv

k~t sdpat( Th~tl vkbsb vbib ndhebh vdebab gbfbgh{bspjdvkh{b( Vdabgb~ gdg`bfb nbh gdhfj`b(

@bhnb Bfdm! Vds~dg`dp 033;

OBMPTA PKYMB [TVTO

Nkpdl~tp Dlvdlt~k Lb~bmb~k Khv~k~t~d


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GJNTA @DABIBP

Gdhtakv th~tl Gbmbvkvubnbh Itphbakv Sdgtab

GdhtakBfdmNbabgNbgbk


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2

Sjljl'Sjljl

Sdab~kmbh

Gbmbvkvub nbh Itphbakv

Sdgtab gdhed~bmtk `bebkgbhb

gdhtakv absjpbh ndhebh `bkl

Gdhed~bmtk ljnd d~kl

itphbakv~kl

Gbmbvkvub nbh Itphbakv Sdgtab

gbgst gdhtakv absjpbh

ndhebh gd~jndsdbfd itphbakvgnbh gdgsdp~bibg ldgbgstbh

khnds~m pdsjp~khe


gbgst gdg`tb~ sdpt`bmbh

nbabg gdhtakv absjpbh th~tl

gdnkbh{b! {bhe `dpsdpvsdl~k

nbgbk! ethb gdgsdpltb~

sdpnbgbkbh Bfdm(


gbgst gdhtakv jskhk ndhebh

`bkl(


nbsb~ gdhtakv fdpsdh ndhebh

ab~bp `dablbhe sdpnbgbkbh nk

Bfdm(

Gdg`dpklbh ldgbgstbh

sdakst~bh nbh gdhtakv absjpbhitphbakv~kl `bek gbmbvkvub nbabg

bvd nbgbk nk Bfdm nbh gdhtakv

jskhk( Mbpbsbhh{b! gbmbvkvub

nbsb~ gdg`tb~ absjpbh itphbakv~kl

ndhebh bkl nbh dpsdpvsdl~k

nbgbk! `bkl nbabg gdpbub~

abheedheh{b sdpnbgbkbh Bfdm

gbtsth ~dplbk~ ndhebh sdakst~bh

nbabg bedhnb Sdgkat 033;!adekvab~k nbh sdgkakmbh spdvkndh(

Gbmbvkub nkmbpbslbh nbsb~

gdhed~bmtk `bebkgbhb

gdhebuba sdpnbgbkbh nk Bfdm

vdvtbk lbsbvk~bvh{b ndhebh

gdhedndsbhlbh spjdvkjhbak~bv

itphbakv( Ldgtnkbh iteb nbsb~

gdg`dpklbh ljh~pja nbh

sdgbh~btbh sbvfbsdgkat adekvab~k

vdp~b sdgkakmbh spdvkndh 033;(

MBVKA [BHE NKMBPBSLBH TITBH SDAB^KMBH


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GjnTA @DabIbP 0


Gbmbvkvub nbh ItphbakvSdgtab gbgst

gdhembvkalbh absjpbh vdvtbk

ndhebh gb~dpk sdab~kmbh


Sdgtab gdhibnk ad`km `bkl

nbabg gdhtakv absjpbh {bhe

`dpsdpsdl~k nbgbk nk gdnkb

lbgstv nbh gdnkb abkhh{b(

KHNKLB^JP LD@DPMBVKABH


Sdgtab sdpetptbh ~kheek nk

Bfdm

VBVBPBH

GD^JND @DABIBP

^djpk

Nkbibplbh jadm sbpb

gdh~jp {bhe ~dabm sth{b

sdhebabgbh nk Bfdm(

Spbl~dl

Gdhtakv db~tpd nbh jskhk


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6


Gb~dpk'gb~dpk {bhe nkskakm bnbabm

kagt itphbakv~kl nbvbp vbgsbk

gdhdhebm nbabg gdabltlbh

sdakst~bh nbh sdhtakvbh absjpbh(

Ldgtnkbh iteb sdhtakvbh jskhk!

pdvdhvk `tlt nbh sdhebh~bp

gdhtakv fdpsdh( Vdgtb gb~dpk

blbh nkbpbmlbh sbnb akst~bh nbh

sdhtakvbh {bhe `dpsdpvsdl~k nbgbk

nbabg ljh~dlv ldlkhkbh Bfdm(

Mba khk gdhekheb~! Bfdm `bpt vbib

gdgbvtlk bvd nbgbk vd~dabm abgb

nbabg ljhkl( Vd~knblh{b absjpbh

{bhe nkmbvkalbh gbmbkvub! gbgst

gdpbub~ sdpnbgbkbh nk Bfdm {bhe

b`bnk

Ltpkltatg

@dabibp

Bnbsth gb~dpk {bhe

nkbibplbh bnbabm vd`bebk

`dpklt~4'2;>; tvbk `d`bv nbpk

@dabhnb nbh Idsbhe( Abat! 2;??'2;50 vdadsbv Vjdlbphj

ib~tm(

Itptv gdhfdlkl sdpv vd`d~tah{b ubpkvbh ljajhkba(

Pdeadgdh~ js nd Nptludpldh kh

Hdndpabhnvfm'Khnkd! sdpb~tpbh {bhe nkldatbplbh ibgbh

Hdebpb Mkhnkb @dabhnb

2=4?! gdptsblbh blbp vkv~dg sdhebubvbhspddho(

Sjab pdspdvkonkgtabk 2;3?( B~tpbhh{b! vdbs sdhdp`k~

ubik` gdhekpkg spbfd~bl vd`datg gbvtl gdvkh( @pdnda

gtabk nk~dpbslbh 2;62( Et`dphtp Idhndpba nk`dpklbh

ldltbvbbh th~tl gdabpbhe ~dp`k~ gdnkb( Vbgsbk vdlbpbhe!

Khnjhdvkb gbvkm gdhedhba Mbb~ybbk Bpldadh! {bhe

nk`dpabltlbh sdhibibm vdibl 2;2=(

Lbab Idsbhe `dpltbvb lmtvtv Ibub nbh Gbntpb! vdbsgdnkb {bhe gdgkaklk kykh ~dp`k~ ubik` sblbk vmknjjkh

-sdhbvdmb~+ {bhe nk~dh~tlbh sdgdpkh~bm( Vmknjjkh!

`dp~tebv vdhvjp kvk(

^pdh `pdnda ~bl `dpabhit~! vbgsbk jpnd `bpt( 2;50! gbibabm

vdhnk ~dpidpb~ ndakl sdpv lbpdhb nkhkabk gdhemkhb ldsbab

hdebpb nbh ldatbpeb( Mtltgbhh{b! gbibabm ~t~ts( Ekakpbh

Vkhbp Mbpbsbh! 2;56 {bhe hbbv( Sdgdpkh~bm! gdhebhebs

gkheetbh k~t gdg`jfjplbh pbmbvkb hdebpb ndhebh


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GjnTA @DabIbP 20


gdgtb~ bheebpbh `dabhib {bhe `datg nk`bmbv sbpadgdh(

Tvbk sd~blb Gbabpk 2;5>! spblvk gdnkb ~dp`blbp mbh{b(

Khkabm gtab ~tg`tmh{b ld{blkhbh< sdgdpkh~bm Khnjhdvkb

bh ld`d`bvbh khojpgbvk( @b{bhelbh! 20 sdhdp`k~bh sdpvnk`pdnda vdlbaketv(

Vtpb~ Kykh dp`k~ -VK^+ nkfb`t~! babvbhh{b lbab k~t ibtm

nbpk pbvkjhba< gdadgbmlbh vdhnk ldmkntsbh hbvkjhba!

gdhej`bplbh kvt gjnba bvkhe! gdg`d`dplbh ljptsvk!

gdhepjej nuk othevk ^HK! gdhembvt~ pbl{b~ vdp~b

gdhnjpjhe gblbp( Ablvtv Ljslbg` Ib{b! `bmlbh

gdhfb`t~ Vtpb~ Kykh Fd~bl -VKF+(

Vjdmbp~j dgjvk `dhbp sbnb gdnkb {bhe gdpk`t~lbh

sdhfbajhbhh{b gdhibnk spdvkndh! ~bmth 2;5=( ^titm

sdhdp`k~bh dvbp gdhibnk ljp`bh sdg`dltbh vdgdh~bpb!

nkbh~bpbh{b Ljgsbv! Vkhbp Mbpbsbh! Gdpndlb! Sdak~b! md

Khnjhdvkbh ^kgdv! Vkhbp Sbek nbh Sjv Vjpd( Nk`dltlbh

adub~ ~dadsjh nbh nksdp`jadmlbh ~dp`k~ ldg`bak vd~dabm

gdgkh~b gbbo(

H{bpkv vdbs ~bmth vbb~ Vjdmbp~j `dpltbvb! bnb vbib

gdnkb {bhe nkatgb~( 2;=0! ~dgsj nk~t~ts vdgdh~bpb

ebpb'ebpb gdg`dpk~blbh ldptvtmbh lbgsbh{d Sdgkat nk

Absbhebh @bh~dhe! Iblbp~b( 2;=6! Itphba Dltkh nkabpbhe

~dp`k~ vd~dabm gdheb`bplbh sdhtpthbh sb~jlbh mbpeb

dlvsjp gkh{bl(

^bmth 2;=>! ekakpbh gbibabm D}sj mbh{b lbpdhb gdgtb~

vdpkba Vdpb~tv Gka{bndp Khnjhdvkb(Vdabhe ntb `tabh

vdabhit~h{b! gbibabm jskl gdhtbk dhfbhb vd~dabm

gdhtpthlbh dnk~jpkba< Gdhfbpk Ejajhebh Gkvlkh(

Bm vtnbmabm! ~dpabat sbhibhe lkvbm `tpbg sdpv Khnjhdvkb"


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26

Gb~dpk 0(

Ljnd D~kl Itphbak~kl

^TITBH


Sdgtab gdhed~bmtk ljnd

d~kl itphbakv~kl Gdhibnklbh ljnd d~kl

vd`bebk sbhntbh nbabg

gdakst~

LDEKB^BH

^djpk

Nkvltvk


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24

D~klb

Balkvbm vdlk~bp b`bn ld'4 VG! Mksjlpb~dv gdhbhbg

sdvbh sbnb gtpkn'gtpknh{b( Kvkh{b! bebp gdhnbmtatlbh

ldvdg`tmbh jpbhe abkh nk b~bv vdebabh{b( @bmlbh njl~dp

[thbhk lthj k~t gdhfb~b~ vd`bebk vtgsbm(

Sdpibhikbh {bhe nkldhba ndhebh vd`t~bh Vtgsbm

Mksjlpb~dv k~t! nk{blkhk sbpb sblbp vdibpbm vd`bebk

ljnd dl ~dp~tb( Lkvbm ~jljm {bhe nkedabp `bsbl kagt

ldnjl~dpbh ~dpvd`t~! gdabmkplbh ntb lb~b vt`~bhvk< ibhik

nbh spjodvk(

Spjodvk vdhnkpk `dpbp sdldpibbh {bhe nkabltlbh vd`bebk

`dh~tl ldekb~bh sjljl th~tl gdhetgstalbh sdhnbsb~bh

dljhjgk( ^dh~t {bhe nkbhnbalbh ldbmakbh khnkknt nbh

@BMBH


26/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 2?


ldajgsjl ndhebh fk~b'fk~b nbh hkabk `dpvbgb(

Fdpk~b abkh( Bpkv~j~dadv! atvto bvba [thbhk! vdlk~bp ~bmth

6=> vd`datg gbvdmk gdhd~bslbh d~mjv vd`bebk nbvbp

avbob~ gjpba( Vdfbpb dskv~dgjajek! lb~b {bhe {bhe`dpgblhb ub~bl nbh lbpbl~dp k~t! gtbvba dl(

@dh~tl ibgbl nbpk d~mjv {blhk ~b d~mb! bph{b! bnb~

ld`kbvbbh( Khnjhdvkb gdg`b~bvk dlb< kagt ~dh~bhe

`dnb `bkl nbh `tptl spkablt {bhe nk~dpkgb b~bt nk~dh~bhe

gbv{bpblb~(

Vdgdh~bpb ljnd! ~bhnb b~bt vkg`ja `dptsb lb~b'lb~b(

Abgb~'abgb~! ljnd nksbmbgk vd`bebk ldvdsblb~bh `dpvbgb{bhe mbptv nk~bb( Nbabg ljh~dlv khk! ljnd `dptsb

ltgstabh sdpb~tpbh {bhe vkv~dgbv(

Ndhebh `dek~t nbsb~ nk~bpkl ldvkgstabh! ljnd dl

`dpothevk vd`bebk ljgsbv sdhthitl bpbm gjpba vtb~t

spjodvk! vdp~b tltpbh spjodvkjhbak~bv vdvdjpbhe( Ljnd dl

gdptsblbh spjntl dlb ~dpbsbh(

Vd`b` k~t! ljnd dl vdabat mbptv nkabmkplbh nbpk

gtv{bubpbm( @kab nbl! vtak~ th~tl `kvb nk~dpbslbh(

Gdhibnk sdpftgb! `kab hkabk'hkabk {bhe nkfbh~tglbh nbabg

dl nbl nkikubk nbh nkfk~b'fk~blbh sdpvjhba `dpvbhelt~bh(

Hdebpb ~dh~t sth{b sdpbh sdhhe th~tl gdhdeblbh dl(

Othevkh{b! vdfbpb ljhvkv~dh gdhebubvk( Khnjhdvkb vdibl

vdstatm ~bmth vkabg! vtnbm gdgkaklk Ndubh Sdpv( tebv

sjljl adg`beb ~dpvd`t~ idabv nkvd`t~ nbabg sbvba 24 b{b~ 2

thnbhe'thnbhe hj >3 ~bmth 2;;;! `th{kh{b< nbabg tsb{b

gdhedg`bheblbh ldgdpndlbbh sdpv nbh gdhkhelb~lbhldmkntsbh sdpv hbvkjhba! nk`dh~tl Ndubh Sdpv {bhe

khndsdhndh(

Ubabt Ndubh Sdpv ~bl abek `dptvkb `dakb th~tl tltpbh

adg`beb hdebpb( Hbgth bhelb sdabheebpbh dl! itv~pt

`dpedpbl hbkl( bmth abat! sdhibeb gjpba sdpv khk

gdhfb~b~ >0> lbvtv sdhebntbh(

Gbpd~ abat! B`ntaabm Babgtnk! bheej~b Ndubh Sdpv


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25


gdhetgtglbh sbnb ~bmth 0335! lbvtv sdabheebpbh dl

gdhfbsbk 0>3 lbvtv b~bt 03 sdhebntbh( ^bsk fb~b~bh

033=! vthetm gdhdgsb~lbh spjodvk itphbakv Khnjhdvkb

nkbg`bhe fdgbp( 6> lbvtv vdbs `tabh( Lpjhkv"

Bsb vd`b`h{b: Fb~b~bh ndubh iteb dpsj~dhvk

gdh{b~blbh ldvbnbpbh ubpeb th~tl gdhebubvk gdnkb

gdhbhibl( bsk Babgtnk ad`km {blkh! nkvd`b`lbh adgbmh{b

sdhed~bmtbh itphbakv ~dpmbnbs ljnd dl( @dpnbvbplbh

vtpdk! mbgskp =4 sdpvdh ubp~bubh b~bt itphbakv nbl

sdphbm gdg`bfb ljnd dl itphbakvl! lb~b Babgtnk(

^pbekv "

Babgtnk gdheb~blbh! ndhebh nbl sdphbm gdg`bfb ljnddl itphbakvl gblb vtak~ gdgbmbgk Thnbhe'thnbhe Sdpv

nbh `bebkgbhb gdhibabhlbh ~tebv itphbakvlh{b ndhebh

`dhbp(

Gdhtpt~ Babgtnk! sdpgbvbabmbh ljnd dl {bhe vdpkhe

nkabheebp< nbl gdabltlbh dpklbvk sbnb hbpbvtg`dp(

Vdpkhelbak atsb gdhdpbslbh bvbv spbnteb ~bl dpvbabm(

^tebv ubp~bubh gdh{bgsbklbh khojpgbvk! `tlbh

gdhemblkgk( Vdjpbhe ~dpvbhelb nbl `jadm nkbheebs

`dpvbabm vbgsbk mblkg gdh{b~blbh vd`baklh{b! lb~b

Babgtnk( Sbnbmba dpklbvk gdptsblbh dvdhvk itphbakvgd(

Thklh{b! ubabt ~bl gdgkaklk `tnb{b itphbakvgd khdvebvk(

Vdlb~'vdlb~ mtltg bfbslbak ~tpt~ nkajgsb( Sbnbmba!

khdvebvk gdgkaklk ljh~dlv {bhe ibtm `dnb nbpk idhkv

abkh{b( Ljnd dl! vdblbh ~blnkph{b vdabat `dp~b`pbllbh

ndhebh mtltg(

Mtltg! nbl `dpspd~dhvk gdhdh~tlbh vd`tbm hnblbhdv b~bt nbl! mbh{b gdhedhba adeba b~bt kadeba( Vdibpbm

itphbakvgd! gdhfb~b~ vdpkhe gdnkb b~bt itphbakv vdfbpb

vbnbp gdabubh mtltg ndgk dlb(

Lbvtv Sdh~bejh Sbsdpv gkvbah{b( ^md Hdu [jpl

^kgdv gdgtb~ njltgdh ftpkbh k~t gdabheebp mtltg(

^bheetheibub` dl! babvbh dnk~jp'h{b ubl~t k~t! vdmkheeb

`dpbhk gdgtb~h{b( Sdgdpkh~bm abhevthe gdheteb~! Ljpbh

k~t nkidpb~ ndhebh ~tntmbh gdg`jfjplbh pbmbvkb hdebpb(


28/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 2=


^bheetheibub` othnbgdh~ba vd`tbm gdnkb gbvvb

nbabg gbv{bpblb~ ndgjlpbv bnbabm gdgstàklbvk

khojpgbvk {bhe nbsb~ gdg`bh~t vdbs ubpeb hdebpb

Bgdpklb Vdpklb~ th~tl gdhedp spjvdv {bhe ~dpibnk nbabg

sdgdpkh~bm( ^takv Ljpbh ~dpvd`t~ nbabg dnk~jpkbah{b

2? Ithk 2;52! vd`bebk ndlabpbvk gdhdh~bhe sdgdpkh~bm

gdgkh~b Ljpbh ~dpvd`t~ gdhemdhlbh stàklbvk(

@d`dpbsb mba {bhe vdpkhe gdhibnk `bmbh nd`b~ nbabg

vdbs sdp~dgtbh itphbakv( Nd`b~ vdpt `kbvbh{b gdhebakp

vbb~ gdg`kfbpblbh vtg`dp bhjhkg( Lbsbh nbh vbb~

vdsdp bsb vtg`dp ab{bl nk~t~ts kndh~bvh{b:

Gdhbpkl vdidhbl gdhekheb~ ldg`bak @j` Ujjnubpn!itphbakv ^md Ubvmkhe~jh Sjv~( Ad`km nbpk 63 ~bmth! kb

gdhibeb ldpbmbvkbh vtg`dp bhjhkg nbpk Ednthe Stm

{bhe gdg`jfjplbh vlbhnba ub~dpeb~d( Vbgsbk Spdvkndh

Pkfmbpn G Hk}jh! ~tg`bhe! ~d~bs ~bl ~dp`jhelbp vk Ndds

^mpjb~(

Vdabkh vtg`dp bhjhkg! sdh{bgbpbh iteb vdpkhe

nksdp~bh{blbh( B~bv hbgb ldsdhhebh stàkl! gd~jnd

thndpfjdp`jadm b~bt nbl: Bnb lkvbm vdpt kmuba khk(Fmkfbej Vth'^kgdv! vdgsb~ gdhibnk hbakv Stak~ydp!

hbgth sbpb itpk ~bl dpvdsblb~ gdgkakmh{b ibnk ibubpb(

Sdplbpbh{b! gdnkb ~dpvd`t~ gdg`tb~ vd`tbm `bp( Hkb~h{b!

gdhethelbs ljptsvk sjakvk( bsk itpk gdgsdp~bh{blbh

ndgk v~jp{{bhe betv! b~bt gdhid`bl bsbpb~:

@tlbh mbh{b k~t! bab~ pdlbg ~dpvdg`th{k iteb bfbs lbak

gdhibnk `bmbh nd`b~ sbhibhe( Gdnkb ~dadkvk Khnjhdvkb!

vdpkhe vdlbak gdhethblbh gd~jnd khk( @bmlbh mbh{b

vdldnbp th~tl ldsdhhebh `tadh khoj bpv( Bnblbmldsdhhebh stàkl th~tl gdhed~bmtk mba'mba spk`bnk

vdad`pkv:

@bebkgbhb ndhebh `jadm nbl gdh{dpebs hbpbvtg`dp

th~tl ububhfbpb: K~t iteb kvb gdh{d`b`lbh nkvltvk

~bhsb tithe( Sdpkvub hbpbvtg`dp ld~blt~bh vbb~

`dpvbgbbh `dpmbnbsbh ndhebh gkf! sd b~bt lbgdpb!

idabv vtnbm gdhibnk ldvdmbpkbh itphbakvgd Khnjhdvkb( bsk!

`jadmlbm k~t:


29/144


2;


^dpblmkp {bhe vdabat sbhbv `kab nk`bmbv! lkvbm sjakvk b~bt

sdib`b~ hdebpb dpvdakheltm( Bsblbm bvsdl spk`bnk ab{bl

nkst`aklbvklbh: @tlbhlbm k~t sdh{d`bpbh bk`: Bsblbm

spkablt k~t gdgsdhebptmk lkhdpibh{b gdhetptv hdebpb:

Bnb `bklh{b! nk`bmbv nbabg nkvltvk"


30/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 03


ABGSKPBH &2

Ljnd D~kl

Itphbak~kl

Ldgdpndlbbh `dpsdhnbsb~! `dpdlvspdvk! nbh sdpv bnbabm

mbl bvbvk gbhtvkb {bhe nkakhnthek Sbhfbvkab! Thnbhe'

Thnbhe Nbvbp 2;>4! nbh Ndlabpbvk Thkdpvba Mbl Bvbvk

Gbhtvkb S@@( Ldgdpndlbbh sdpv bnbabm vbpbhb gbv{bpblb~

th~tl gdgsdpjadm khjpgbvk nbh `dpljgthklbvk! ethbgdgdhtmk ld`t~tmbh mblklk nbh gdhkhelb~lbh ltbak~bv

ldmkntsbh gbhtvkb( Nbabg gdutitnlbh ldgdpndlbbh sdpv

k~t! ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb iteb gdh{bnbpk bnbh{b ldsdh~khebh

`bhevb! ~bheethe ibub` vjvkba! ld`dpbebgbh gbv{bpblb~!

nbh hjpgb'hjpgb bebgb(

Nbabg gdablvbhblbh thevk! mbl! ldubik`bh nbh sdpbhbhh{b!

sdpv gdhemjpgb~k mbl bvbvk vd~kbs jpbhe! lbpdhb k~t sdpv

nk~th~t~ spjdvkjhba nbh ~dp`tlb th~tl nkljh~pja jadmgbv{bpblb~(

Th~tl gdhibgkh ldgdpndlbbh sdpv nbh gdgdhtmk mbl

st`akl th~tl gdgsdpjadm khjpgbvk {bhe `dhbp! ubp~bubh

Khnjhdvkb gdgdpatlbh abhnbvbh gjpba nbh d~klb spjdvk

vd`bebk sdnjgbh jsdpbvkjhba nbabg gdhibeb ldsdpfb{bbh

st`akl nbh gdhdebllbh kh~depk~bv vdp~b spjdvkjhbakvgd(

B~bv nbvbp k~t! ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb gdhd~bslbh nbh gdhbb~k

Ljnd D~kl Itphbakv~kl9

Sbvba 2

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb `dpvklbs khndsdhndh! gdhembvkalbh

`dpk~b {bhe bltpb~! `dpkg`bhe! nbh ~knbl `dpk~klbn `tptl(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Khndsdhndh `dpbp~k gdg`dpk~blbh sdpkv~kub b~bt bl~b

vdvtbk ndhebh vtbpb mb~k htpbhk ~bhsb fbgstp ~bhebh!

sblvbbh! nbh kh~dpdhvk nbpk skmbl abkh ~dpgbvtl sdgkakl


31/144


02


sdptvbmbbh sdpv(

`( Bltpb~ `dpbp~k nksdpfb{b `dhbp vdvtbk

ldbnbbh j`idl~k ld~klb sdpkv~kub ~dpibnk(

f( @dpkg`bhe `dpbp~k vdgtb skmbl gdhnbsb~

ldvdgsb~bh vd~bpb(n( ^knbl `dpk~klbn `tptl `dpbp~k ~knbl bnb

hkb~ vdfbpb vdhebib nbh vdgb~b'gb~b th~tl

gdhkg`talbh ldptekbh skmbl abkh(

Sbvba 0

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb gdhdgstm fbpb'fbpb

{bhe spjdvkjhba nbabg gdablvbhblbh ~tebv

itphbakv~kl(

Sdhbovkpbh

Fbpb'fbpb {bhe spjdvkjhba bnbabm9

b( gdhthitllbh kndh~k~bv nkpk ldsbnb

hbpbvtg`dp

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb ~knbl gdg`tb~ `dpk~b

`jmjhe! ~hbm! vbnkv! nbh fb`ta(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( @jmjhe `dpbp~k vdvtb~t {bhe vtnbm

nkld~bmtk vd`datgh{b jadm ubp~bubh

vd`bebk mba {bhe ~knbl vdvtbk ndhebh bl~b

{bhe ~dpibnk(

`( Ok~hbm `dpbp~k ~tntmbh ~bhsb nbvbp {bhenkabltlbh vdfbpb vdhebib ndhebh hkb~

`tptl(

f( Vbnkv `dpbp~k ldibg nbh ~knbl gdhedhba

`dabv lbvkmbh(

n( Fb`ta `dpbp~k sdheebg`bpbh ~khelbm ablt

vdfbpb dpj~kv ndhebh j~j! ebg`bp! vtbpb!

epbv b~bt ~takvbh {bhe vdgb~b'gb~b th~tl

gdg`bhelk~lbh hbvt kpbmk(

d( Nbabg sdh{kbpbh ebg`bp nbh vtbpb nbpkbpvks! ubp~bubh gdhfbh~tglbh ubl~t

sdhebg`kabh ebg`bp nbh vtbpb

Sbvba 4

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb ~knbl gdh{d`t~lbh nbh

gdh{kbplbh kndh~k~bv ljp`bh ldibmb~bh vtvkab

nbh ~knbl gdh{d`t~lbh kndh~k~bv bhbl {bhe

gdhibnk sdablt ldibmb~bh(


32/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 00


Sdhbovkpbh

b( Kndh~k~bv bnbabm vdgtb nb~b nbh khjpgbvk

{bhe gdh{bhelt~ nkpk vdvdjpbhe {bhe

gdgtnbmlbh jpbhe abkh th~tl gdabfbl(

`( Bhbl bnbabm vdjpbhe {bhe `dptvkb ltpbhenbpk 2? ~bmth nbh `datg gdhklbm(

Sbvba ?

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb ~knbl gdh{babmethblbh

spjdvk nbh ~knbl gdhdpkgb vtbs(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Gdh{babmethblbh spjdvk bnbabm vdebab

~khnblbh {bhe gdhebg`ka ldth~thebhspk`bnk b~bv khjpgbvk {bhe nksdpjadm

vbb~ `dp~tebv vd`datg khjpgbvk ~dpvd`t~

gdhibnk sdhed~bmtbh tgtg(

`( Vtbs bnbabm vdebab sdg`dpkbh nbabg

`dh~tl tbhe! dhnb b~bt bvkak~bv nbpk skmbl

abkh {bhe gdgsdhebptmk khndsdhndhvk(

Sbvba 5

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb gdgkaklk mbl ~jabl th~tl

gdakhnthek hbpbvtg`dp {bhe ~knbl `dpvdnkbnkld~bmtk kndh~k~bv gbtsth ld`dpbnbbhh{b!

gdhembpebk ld~dh~tbh dg`bpej! khjpgbvk

ab~bp `dablbhe! nbh jo ~md pdfjpn vdvtbk

ndhebh ldvdsblb~bh(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Mbl ~jabl bnbabl mbl th~tl ~knbl

gdhethelbslbh kndh~k~bv nbh ld`dpbnbbh

hbpbvtg`dp ndgk ldbgbhbh hbpbvtg`dpnbh ldatbpebh{b(

`( Dg`bpej bnbabm sdhthnbbh sdgtb~bh

b~bt sdh{kbpbh `dpk~b vdvtbk ndhebh

sdpgkh~bbh hbpbvtg`dp(

f( Khjpgbvk ab~bp `dablbhe bnbabm vdebab

khjpgbvk b~bt nb~b nbpk hbpbvtg`dp

{bhe nkvkbplbh b~bt nk`dpk~blbh ~bhsb

gdh{d`t~lbh hbpbvtg`dph{b(

n( Jo ~md pdfjpn bnbabm vdebab khjpgbvk

b~bt nb~b nbpk hbpbvtg`dp {bhe ~knbl

`jadm nkvkbplbh b~bt nk`dpk~blbh(

Sbvba =

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb ~knbl gdhtakv b~btgdh{kbplbh dpk~b dpnbvbplbh spbvbhelb b~bt

nkvlpkgkhbvk ~dpmbnbs vdvdjpbhe b~bv nbvbp

sdp`dnbbh vtlt! pbv! ubphb ltak~! bebgb! idhkv

ldabgkh! nbh `bmbvb vdp~b ~knbl gdpdhnbmlbh

gbp~b`b~ jpbhe adgbm! gkvlkh! vblk~! fbfb~ ikub

b~bt fbfb~ ibvgbhk(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Spbvbhelb bnbabm bheebsbh {bheltpbhe `bkl gdhedhbk vdvtb~t vd`datg

gdhed~bmtk vdfbpb idabv(

`( Nkvlpkgkhbvk bnbabm sdg`dnbbh

sdpabltbh(

Sbvba ;

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb gdhemjpgb~k mbl

hbpbvtg`dp ~dh~bhe ldmkntsbh spk`bnkh{b!

ldftbak th~tl ldsdh~khebh st`akl(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Gdhemjpgb~k mbl hbpbvtg`dp bnbabm

vklbs gdhbmbh nkpk nbh `dpmb~k'mb~k(

`( Ldmkntsbh spk`bnk bnbabm vdebab vdek

ldmkntsbh vdvdjpbhe nbh ldatbpebh{b

vdabkh {bhe ~dplbk~ ndhebh ldsdh~khebh

st`akl(

Sbvba 23Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb vdedpb gdhfb`t~!

gdpbab~! nbh gdgsdp`bklk `dpk~b {bhe ldakpt

nbh ~knbl bltpb~ nkvdp~bk ndhebh sdpgkh~bbh

gbb ldsbnb sdg`bfb! sdhndhebp! nbh b~bt

sdgkpvb(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Vdedpb `dpbp~k ~khnblbh nbabg ubl~t

vdfdsb~ gthelkh! bkl lbpdhb bnb gbtsth


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06


~knbl bnb ~detpbh nbpk skmbl atbp(

`( Sdpgkh~bbh gbb nkvbgsbklbh bsb`kab

ldvbabmbh ~dplbk~ ndhebh vt`v~bhvk sjljl(

Sbvba 22

Ubp~bubh Khnjhdvkb gdab{bhk mbl ibub` nbh

mbl ljpdlvk vdfbpb spjsjpvkjhba(

Sdhbovkpbh

b( Mbl ibub` bnbabm mbl vdvdjpbhe b~bt

vdldajgsjl jpbhe th~tl gdg`dpklbh

~bheebsbh b~bt vbheebmbh ~dpmbnbs

sdg`dpk~bbh dptsb bl~b {bhe gdpteklbh

hbgb bklh{b(`( Mbl ljpdlvk bnbabm mbl vd~kbs jpbhe th~tl

gdg`d~talbh ldldakptbh khjpgbvk {bhe

nk`dpk~blbh jadm sdpv! `bkl ~dh~bhe nkpkh{b

gbtsth ~dh~bhe jpbhe abkh(

f( Spjsjpvkjhba `dpbp~k vd~bpb ndhebh `bekbh

`dpk~b {bhe sdpat nksdp`bklk(

Sdhkabkbh blmkp b~bv sdabheebpbh ljnd d~kl

itphbakv~kl nkabltlbh Ndubh Sdpv(

Vbhlvk b~bv sdabheebpbh ljnd d~kl itphbakv~kl

nkabltlbh jadm jpebhkvbvk ubp~bubh nbh b~bt

sdptvbmbbh sdpv

Iblbp~b! Vdabvb! 2> Gbpd~ 033?


34/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 0>


ABGSKPBH &0

Ljnd D~kl BIK\Bakbhk Itphbak KhndsdhndhW

2( Itphbakv gdhemjpgb~k mbl gbv{bpblb~ th~tl

gdgsdpjadm khjpgbvk {bhe `dhbp(

0( Itphbakv vdhbh~kbvb gdgsdp~bmbhlbh spkhvks'spkhvks

ld`d`bvbh nbh ld`dpkg`bhebh nbabg sdakst~bh nbhsdg`dpk~bbh vdp~b lpk~kl nbh ljgdh~bp(

6( Itphbakv gdg`dpk ~dgsb~ bek skmbl {bhe ltpbhe

gdgkaklk nb{b nbh ldvdgsb~bh th~tl gdh{tbpblbh

sdhnbsb~h{b(

>( Itphbakv mbh{b gdabsjplbh bl~b nbh sdhnbsb~ {bhe

idabv vtg`dph{b(

4( Itphbakv ~knbl gdh{dg`th{klbh khjpgbvk sdh~khe

{bhe sdpat nkld~bmtk gbv{bpblb~(

?( Itphbakv gdheethblbh fbpb'fbpb {bhe d~kv th~tl

gdgsdpjadm `dpk~b! j~j nbh njltgdh(

5( Itphbakv gdhemjpgb~k mbl hbpb vtg`dp th~tl gdg`dpk

khjpgbvk ab~bp dablbhe! jo ~md pdfjpn! nbh dg`bpej(

=( Itphbakv vdedpb gdpbab~ vd~kbs sdg`dpk~bbh {bhenkld~bmtkh{b ~knbl bltpb~(

;( Itphbakv gdhibeb ldpbmbvkbbh vtg`dp khjpgbvk

ljhndhvkba! kndh~k~bv ljp`bh ldibmb~bh vdlvtba! nbh

sdablt ~khnbl sknbhb nk `bubm tgtp(

23( Itphbakv gdhemkhnbpk ld`dhfkbh! spbvbhelb! vklbs

gdpdhnbmlbh! nkvlpkgkhbvk! nbabg gbvbabm vtlt! pbv!


35/144


04


`bhevb! sjak~kl! fbfb~*vblk~ ibvgbhk! fbfb~*vblk~ gdh~ba

b~bt ab~bp dablbhe vjvkba abkhh{b(

22( Itphbakv gdhemjpgb~k spkbvk! ldftbak mba'mba k~t `kvb

gdpteklbh gbv{bpblb~(

20( Itphbakv ~knbl gdh{biklbh `dpk~b ndhebh gdhetg`bp

ldfb`tabh! ldldibgbh ldldpbvbh vkl nbh vdlvtba(

26( Itphbakv ~knbl gdgbhbb~lbh sjvkvk nbh khjpgbvk {bhe

nkgkaklkh{b th~tl gdhfbpk ldth~thebh spk`bnk(

2>( Itphbakv ~knbl nk`dhbplbh gdhdpkgb vjejlbh( -Fb~b~bh9

{bhe nkgblvtn ndhebh vjejlbh bnbabm vdgtb `dh~tlsdg`dpkbh `dptsb tbhe! `bpbhe nbh b~bt bvkak~bv

abkh! {bhe vdfbpb abhevthe b~bt ~knbl abhevthe!

nbsb~ gdgsdhebptmk itphbakv nbabg gdg`tb~ ldpib

itphbakv~kl(+

24( Itphbakv ~knbl nk`dhbplbh gdhiksabl(

2?( Itphbakv gdhemkhnbpk ~hbm nbh sdhfdgbpbh hbgb

`bkl(

25( Itphbakv gdhemkhnbpk vd~kbs fbgstp ~bhebh skmbl'

skmbl abkh {bhe gdhembg`b~ sdablvbhbbh spkhvks'

spkhvks nk b~bv(

2=( Lbvtv'lbvtv {bhe `dpmt`thebh ndhebh ljnd d~kl blbh

nkvdadvbklbh jadm Gbidakv Ljnd D~kl(


36/144


37/144


05

Gb~dpk 6(

Pdsjp~bd Nbbp

^TITBH


Sdgtab gdhed~bmtk bsb k~t

pdsjp~bvd


Sdgtab gdhed~bmtk fbpbgdabltlbh akst~bh

Nbsb~ gdablvbhblbh ~tebv

ndhebh dhbp

LDEKB^BH

^djpk

Nkvltvk


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62


@dpnbvbplbh ~bmbsbh b~bt helb~bhh{b! vdsdp

nkldgtlblbh nbabg _bndgdltg Ubp~bubh -2;;5+! bnb

eb! {bk~t9 pdsjp~bvd nbvbp! pdsjp~bvd gbnkb -gdhdhebm+!

nbh pdsjp~bvd abhit~bh( Pdsjp~bvd nbvbp gdhembvkalbh

`dpk~b abhevthe -v~pbkem~ hduv+! pdsjp~bvd gbnkbgdhembvkalbh `dpk~b'lkvbm -hduv odb~tpd+! nbh pdsjp~bvd

abhit~bh gdhembvkalbh dpk~b bhbakvkv -hduv bhba{vkv+(

@dpk~b bnbabm khojpgbvk mbheb~ {bhe nkvbiklbh ldsbnb

tgtg gdhedhbk bsb {bhe vdnbhe ~dpibnk! khojpgbvk {bhe

vdpkhe sdhhe vdlbak th~tl spkb nbh ubhk~b {bhe gdhfj`b

gdgt~tvlbh ~dh~bhe bsb {bhe mbptv nksklkplbh nbh

`bebkgbhb `dphnbl( Khk `dpbp! `dpk~b bnbabm absjpbh

ldibnkbh {bhe mbptv ~dsb~ sbnb ubl~th{b! pkhelbv! fdpgb~!nbh `tlbh ldibnkbh k~t vdhnkpk(

Dgsb~ sdp~bh{bbh mbptv nkibub` jadm vdjpbhe pdsjp~dp

-v{bpb~ pdsjp~bvd+! {bk~t9

Bsb v{bpb~ t~bgb gdhibnk pdsjp~dp:

Bsblbm dpk~b:

@bebkgbhb spjvdv sdhfbpkbh `dpk~b:

@bebkgbhb gdhtakv `dpk~b

Spjvdv SdG`tb^bh `dpk^b

Gdgsdpvkbslbh sdakst~bh

2( Gdhfbpk khojpgbvk buba ~dh~bhe ldibnkbh {bhe dphkabk

`dpk~b

Khojpgbvk buba nbsb~ nksdpjadm nbpk `dp`bebk vtg`dp(

Gdnkb gbvvb -ljpbh mbpkbh! kh~dphd~! pbnkj! ~dadkvk+

bnbabm vbabm vb~t vtg`dp khojpgbvk {bhe ~dptv

gdhebakp ~bl sdphbm mdh( @kvb stab nbpk `dp`bebk

vtg`dp sdpvjhba! vdsdp skgskhbh adg`beb! b~bt

ljadeb -ldhbabh+ {bhe dldpib th~tl vtb~t sdptvbmbbhnbh gdgkaklk ftlts khojpgbvk ~dh~bhe sdptvbmbbh*

adg`beb ~dpvd`t~(

Fjh~jm ldibnkbh9 pbsb~ bheebpbh NSPN! ukvtnb

sdpetptbh heek vubv~b! sdpdvgkbh fb`bhe `bpt `bhl

v{bpkbm! ajg`b kagkbm pdgbib! vdgkhbp ld`d`bvbh

sdpv* `dpdlvspdvk! sdpkheb~bh mbpk `tgk! sdabmbh SP

lmtvtv @TGH(

0( Gdgbvlbh ldibnkbh* sdpkvub {bhe blbh nkakst~*


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64

Gb~dpk >(

Bhead Akst~bh

^TITBH


Sdgtab gdhdh~tlbh kvt

nbabg gdabltlbh akst~bh ^bibg gdakmb~ bhead

LDEKB^BH

^djpk

Nkvltvk


46/144


47/144


65

@BMBH

^dlhkl Sdakst~bh

@dp`bebk fbpb th~tl gdhfbpk ebebvbh sdakst~bh `kvb

nkabltlbh( Gtabk nbpk knd gdakmb~ sdpkvub vbgsbk

ndhebh ebebvbh {bhe gdakh~bv nk ldsbab( ^dh~t vbib vdbs

jpbhe b~bt vdbs adg`beb gdnkb gdgkaklk fbpb th~tl

gdhedg`bhelbh akst~bh nbpk sdpkvub {bhe ~dpibnk(

@kvb stab nkfks~blbh vd`tbm ebebvbh `bpt th~tl

gdabltlbh akst~bh `knbhe `bpt {bhe vbgb vdlbak

nbl nksdpmblbh gdnkb abkh( Gdg`tb~ akst~bh `bpt

gdptsblbh ~bh~bhebh ~dpvdhnkpk nbh `kvb gdhetpbv

`bh{bl dhdpek( Hbgth sdatbhe vtlvdv {bhe `kvb nkklt

jadm gdnkb abkh iteb vbheb~ `dvbp(

@bek gdnkb gbvvb! ebebvbh nbl `jadm ldpkhe bsbabek


48/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 6=


ldmb`kvbh( Vdbs mbpk vdabat mbptv bnb skakmbh bhead

nbh akst~bh {bhe `kvb nkbhelb~ th~tl nk`dpk~blbh b~bt nk

odb~tpd lbh(

@d`dpbsb fbpb gdhfbpk knd akst~bh bh~bpb abkh92( Gdhedg`bhelbh akst~bh {bhe vtnbm bnb nbabg

`dp`bebk gdnkb gbvvb( Gbhblbab lk~b gdg`bfb!

gdhndhebp b~bt gdakmb~ gdnkb gbvvb gblb vdbs

jpbhe gdgkaklk vtnt~ sbhnbhe vdhnkpk( Vtnt~ sbhnbhe

{bhe vkob~h{b sdpvjhba khkabm {bhe kvb nk`d`dplbh

ad`km atbv nbh gdhnbabg ndhebh vd`tbm akst~bh fbpb

`bpt( Mbpeb ldndabk {bhe gdajhibl gdh{d`b`lbh ~bmt

nbh ~dgsd gbmba( Gthelkhlbm gdh{tvtpk lbfbhe

ldndabk vbgsbk ld khntv~pk sdpld`thbh nk atbp hdedpk:0( Nkvltvk ndhebh pdlbh ldpib b~bt lbabhebh spjodvkjhba

nbh spblvk( Gdhbh{blbh vdvtb~t ldsbnb lbtg

spjodvkjhba nbh spblvk `kvb gdabmkplbh `bh{bl

ebebvbh( Ndhebh fbpb `dp~bh{b bsb {bhe vdnbhe

`dpabhevthe nbh gdhebsb ~dpibnk vdsdp khk 'gkvbah{b

nbabg lbvtv ldndabk hbkl b~bt gkh{bl gdhfbsbk 233

njaabp sdp `bpda ' gblb bsb kgsaklbvkh{b ~dpmbnbs

gbv{bpblb~ `bubm `kvb gdabmkplbh akst~bh vdebp(

Nkvltvk {bhe spjntlo ~dh~t nkvltvk {bhe nbl nd`b~

ltvkp( Sdhfbpkbh knd nbpk nkvltvk gdptsblbh vd`tbm

fbpb {bhe gtnbm nkabltlbh(

6( Gdg`bfb `dpk~b ldfka {bhe nbl gdhbpkl ~d~bsk

gdhebhnthe sj~dhvk `dvbp( Vd`tbm `dpk~b nk vtpb~

lb`bp nbdpbm b~bt ajlba b~bt vd`tbm dpk~b ldfka nk

~dadkvk iteb `dpsj~dhvk th~tl gdhethnbhe ebebvbh

`bpt( Sdhbhelbsbh sdg`j`ja gblbg gthelkh `kvb

nkldg`bhelbh vd`dpbsb atbv ~dpibnk sdg`j`jabh nbh

bsb vbib `bpbhe {bhe nkftpk abat vkbsb sdhbnbmh{b(

Fbpb khk `kvb nkabltlbh vdbs mbpk( Iklb ~dpabat vtlbp`kvb vbib ebebvbh k~t nkdhnbslbh ntat(

>( Gdhebhvksbvk sdpkvub( Vd`tbm sdpkvub {bhe

~dpibnk ~bmthbh gkvbah{b gtnkl Ad`bpbh `kvb

nkibnklbh khvskpbvk nbabg sdhtakvbh b~bt akst~bh(

@kvb nkldg`bhelbh bhead {bhe atbp `kbvb `bh{blh{b(

@dp`bebk sdpkheb~bh nbh tsbfbpb pth `kvb nkibnklbh

`bmbh akst~bh `bpt iklb nklbk~lbh ndhebh `dp`bebk

sdpkvub {bhe `dpabhevthe( Mbpk Sdhnknklbh Hbvkjhba

b~bt Mbpk Sdhdp`bhebh gdptsblbh vtg`dp dpk~b {bhe


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GjnTA @DabIbP >3


nbh fbpb'fbpb gdheb~bvkh{b(

akSt^bh abSbhebh

Ldlb `dpbnb nk absbhebh gdhebnblbh j`vdpbvk! itphbakv

blbh gdpdlbg sdpkvub b~bt obl~b {bhe nk~dgtlbh~dpvd`t~ vdfbpb ~dpb~tp! vdvtbk ndhebh pdhfbhb `dpk~b( Nk

vkhk lk~b nk~th~t~ th~tl gdheethblbh vdatptm bab~ khndpb6

@bmbb nbh Sdhtakbh

bltpbvk Sdhtakvbh

Bltpbvk nbabg sdhtakvbh `dpk~b vbheb~ sdhhe bph{b(

Vbabm vb~t lpdnkkak~bv ~takvbh vbheb~ nksdhebptmk khk(

Ldvbabmbh lk~b nbabg nd~bka'nd~bka ldfka kvb gdptvbl vdadpb

jpbhe th~tl gdg`bfb nbh gdg`tb~ ldsdpfb{bbh jpbheldsbnb ~takvbh k~t `dpltpbhe( @d`dpbsb nd~bka k~t bh~bpb

abkh< hbgb! ib`b~bh! ~dgsb~ nbh ltsbh(

Sdheethbbh kv^kabm bvkhe

^takvbh nk gdnkb nkmbpbslbh gdhibhelbt vd`bh{bl

gthelkh sdg`bfb( Jadm lbpdhb k~t! kvabm nbh knkjg

{bhe nkethblbh! iteb vd`kvb gthelkh mbptv {bhe gtnbm

nkgdhedp( Lbabt bnb kvabm bvkhe! ~dpidgbmlbh ld nbabg

`bmbvb Khnjhdvkb( @dek~t iteb ndhebh `bmbvb nbdpbm(

@BMBH


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GjnTA @DabIbP >>


Ldftbak ~dpsblvb(

mkhnbpk vkhelb^bh b bt blpjhkG {bhe dpad`kmbh

Sdheethbbh vkhelb~bh gdgbhe nbl nkabpbhe vdsbhibhe

spjsjpvkjhba( Hbgth! lbabt `kvb! mkhnbpk sdgblbkbhh{b(@d`dpbsb fbpb {bhe `kvb nkabltlbh th~tl gdhetpbhek

vkhelb~bh bnbabm ndhebh gdg`tb~ lb~b ebh {bhe `dpbvba

nbpk lb~b ndsbh adg`beb(

Adg`beb Ndsbp~dgdh dhbeb Ldpib nbh ^pbhvgkepbvk

Lb~b ebh Ndsbp~dgdh dhbeb Ldpib

Sdptvbmbbh S^ Bhekh Ldhfbhe Vdmbpk Vdgbabg

Lb~b ebh S^ Bhekh

Gdhetpbhek SdhetabhebhSdhetabhebh nbabg ~takvbh ~dpibnk nbabg `bh{bl dh~tl(

Dh~bm k~t hbgb jpbhe! lb~b ldpib gbtbsth lb~b vkob~(

Sdhetabhebh khk gdhetpbhek pbvb `bmbvb nbpk vd`tbm

~takvbh( Vbabm vb~t fbpb gdhetpbhekh{b bnbabm ndhebh

gdh{dnkblbh lb~b ebh vd`bh{bl'`bh{blh{b(

Th~tl lb~b ebh jpbhe `kvb ndhebh gdh{d`t~lbh kndh~bv

abkh b~bt khojpgbvk ~bg`bmbh ~dh~bhe hbpb vtg`dp(

Gkvba! bvba vdljabm! kv~pk! bhbl! sdhembpebbh! lbp{b nbh

vdgbfbgh{b( Kndh~bv'kndh~bv k~t `kvb gdhibnk lb~b

ebh {bhe gdg`dpk ubphb sbnb ~takvbh(

Th~tl gdhfdebm sdhetabhebh lb~b ldpib nbh lb~b vkob~

`kvb ndhebh gdgsdplb{b ljvb lb~b( ^dh~t vbib ~d~bs mbptv

bltpb~(

t^bGblbh ndvlpkSvk

^takvbh {bhe ltb~ nbh `betv vbheb~ lb{b ndhebh obl~b(

Dh~bm k~t obl~b j`{dlo gbtsth obl~b svkljajekv( Obl~bsvkljajekv k~t kvb `dptsb sdph{b~bbh b~bt sbhnbhebh'

sbhnbhebh spk`bnk vdvdjpbhe( Vdnbhe obl~b j`{dlo

bnbabm sdpkvub( Nbabg ~b~bpbh obl~b j`{dlo

khkabm ndvlpksvk k~t sdhhe nksblbk( Nbh! khk iteb `kvb

gdgsdpltb~ bpetgdh~bvk lk~b nbabg ~takvbh bmub lk~b

gdgbhe gdhed~bmtk ldibnkbh k~t( Vbabm vb~t fbpbh{b

bnbabm ndhebh ndvlpksvk {bhe ltb~( Gkvba! lk~b gdhtakvlbh

`bmub bnb sdp~dgtbh {bhe gdg`bmbv vjba sdg`bmbvbh

~dh~bhe vtb~t gbvbabm( Nbabg ndvlpksvk! mbptv ~dpebg`bp


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>4


vtbvbhb pbsb~h{b( Lbsbh sdablvbhbbh{b! vkbsb vbib {bhe

nb~bhe! bsb vbib sdpnd`b~bhh{b( Vkbsb hejgjhe bsb( Bnb

{bhe `dpnd`b~! heebl( Nbh ndbka'nd~bka abkhh{b(

Ndvlpksvk {bhe betv ~bl mbh{b gdhnbsb~lbh bpetgdh~bvkgd{blkhlbh ~dh~bhe pbhelbkbh obl~b {bhe gdg`bheth

mksj~dvb lk~b( Vdabkh k~t iteb gdgbgdplbh ldsbnb

sdg`bfb bmub sdhtakv ~bmt bh{bl vjba lbvtv ~dpvd`t~(

^dpgbvtl nd~bka vdsdp k~t(

SdGblbkbh lt^kSbh

Sdgblbkbh ltsbh nkvbpbhlbh th~tl spjsjpvkjhba( Th~tl

sdph{b~bbh {bhe vkob~h{b sdhhe nbh ljh~pjdpvkba!

ethblbhabm ltsbh abhevthe( Vb{b gdhjabl ldst~tvbhk~t! lb~b vbabm vdjpbhe sdib`b~( @dek~t iteb vd`baklh{b(

Lbabt sdph{b~bbh k~t vkob~h{b tgtg! ibnklbh vbib ibnk

ltsbh nbl abhevthe( Bsbabek iklb ltsbh k~t `ptsb

sd~thitl nbh nb~b( Lbpdhb nkvbgsbklbh nbabg bmbvb

akvbh! `kbvbh{b ltsbh vdsdp k~t bebl vtvbm nkfdphb lbabt

nklts abhevthe(

vb^t ^takvbh! vb^t ojltv

Vbb~ gdg`tb~ `dpk~b lk~b nkbhitplbh th~tl gdhtakv vb~t

knd nbabg vb~t lbakgb~( Khk gdg`tb~ lbakgb~ k~t gtnbm

nkfdphb( @dek~t iteb ndhebh ~takvbh( Nbabg ~takvbh sbhibhe!

sdgkvbmbh ~takvbh nbabg `d`dpbsb `bekbh bnbabm vbabm

vb~t fbpb {bhe abykg nksblbk(

Nbabg ^dgsj Dnkvk HJ( 0=*]]]*23 ' 2? Vds~dg`dp 0332!

~takvbh ~dh~bhe bgsajs nbh vjejl nk NSP k~t nksdfbm

gdhibnk 5 ~takvbh( Itntah{b9

^keb Adg`bp Fdl nbpk Vdhb{bh -~takvbh t~bgb+

Bh~bpb Vdhb{bh nbh Epdvkl Khnkpb Nbgb{bh Vtejhnj9 Bgsajs'Bgsajs k~t

@dpvdakudpbh

Ebik @dvbp! ~bsk Mk`bm Ad`km @dvbp

Sthnk {bhe ^k`b'^k`b Gdg`dhelbl

[bhe ^dpvdg`th{k nk Abfk Ljgkvk

Ndubh th~tl Ld-nbl+mjpgb~bh Bheej~b

Mb~kMb~k sdheethbbh bhbl lbakgb~

Sdheethbbh bhbl lbakgb~ vdabgb khk nksblbk th~tl


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GjnTA @DabIbP >?


gdh{kvkslbh khojpgbvk ld nbabg vtb~t lbakgb~( Hbgth!

sdheethbbh bhbl lbakgb~ {bhe sbhibhe nbh ptgk~ `kvb

gdg`tb~ lbakgb~ k~t ~bl `kvb abhevthe nksbmbgk(

Vbabm vb~t fjh~jm vdndpmbhbh{b `dekhk9Vtvkaj @bg`bhe [tnmj{jhj! gbh~bh Gdh~dpk Ljjpnkhb~jp

`knbhe Sjakl nbh Ldbgbhbh! nksbvlbh gdheklt Sdgkat

Spdvkndh st~bpbh ldntb(

Lbakgb~ k~t `kvb nksdfbm ndhebh fbpb `dekhk9

Vtvkaj @bg`bhe [tnmj{jhj nksbvlbh gdheklt Sdgkat

Spdvkndh st~bpbh ldntb( Gbh~bh Gdh~dpk Ljjpnkhb~jp

`knbhe Sjakl nbh Ldbgbhbh k~t(((

sdgkakMbh lb~b -Nklvk+

Gtat~gt! Mbpkgbtgt( Lbakgb~ khk ndvlpksvk ~dsb~

~dh~bhe bmb{bh{b aknbm nbh lb~b( Nbabg vbabm vb~t blvk

ndgjhv~pbvk! gkvbah{b ~dpibnk dh~pjl {bhe dptithe sbnb

sdgtltabh ~dpmbnbs gbmbvkvub( Lk~b `kvb ~dak! bsb {bhe

nk~takv gdnkb lddvjlbh mbpkh{b th~tl gdndvlpksvklbh

sdpkvub k~t: Sjakvk gdgtltak gbmbvkvub: Sjakvk

gdheed`tlk gbmbvkvub: Sjakvk gdhembibp gbmbvkvub:

B~bt bsb: Gbhblbm lb~b {bhe sbakhe ~dsb~:

^dh~t vbib lk~b mbptv gdptitlh{b ldsbnb sdpkvub

nk absbhebh( Fbpkabm ljvb lb~b {bhe sbakhe gdhndlb

ld`dhbpbh( Th~tl k~t! sdhetikbh vkabhe vbheb~ nksdpatlbh(

@dek~tabm nbabg lk~b gdgkakm lb~b th~tl gdhndvlpksvklbh

gbvbabm'gbvbabm abkhh{b(

dljhjGk lb^b

Vbabm vb~t sdh{blk~ nbpk sdhtakv sdgtab bnbabm ltpbhe

mdgb~ nbabg lb~b'lb~b( Gthelkh lbpdhb `bh{bl nb~b {bhenknbsb~ vdmkheeb gdpbvb sdpat gdgbvtllbh vdgtbh{b

nbabg dpk~b( B~bt! lbpdhb bheadh{b ltpbhe ~bibg(

Sbnbmba! vsbfd gdnkb ~dp`b~bv( Lbpdhb k~tabm! spkhvks

dljhjgk lb~b k~t iteb sdhhe(

Gdgbhe ~bl vdgb~b'gb~b vjba ld~dpvdnkbbh ~dgsb~( [bhe

iteb nbl `kvb nkb`bklbh bnbabm pbvb `bmbvb nbpk ~takvbh(

^takvbh {bhe nbl dljhjgkv blbh ~dpakmb~ `dp~dad'~dad(

Vd`b`! bnb lbakgb~ {bhe vd`dhbph{b ~bl gdgkaklk gblhb


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59/144


>;

Gb~dpk ?(

^dlhkl Ububhfbpb

^TITBH


Sdgtab gdhed~bmtk

`bebkgbhb gdabltlbhububhfbpb

@dh~tl'`dh~tl ububhfbpb

Gdhdg`tv hbpbvtg`dp

LDEKB^BH

^djpk

Nkvltvk


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62/144

GjnTA @DabIbP 40


sdpjadm nbpk ububhfbpb k~t(

`dh^tl UbUbhfbpb

@dpnbvbplbh `dh~tl'`dh~tl ldekb~bh {bhe nkabltlbh!

ububhfbpb nbsb~ nk`dnblbh b~bv ~titm gbfbg9 Gbh kh ~md v~pdd~ kh~dpkdu

Fbvtba kh~dpkdu

Sdpvjhbak~{ kh~dpkdu

Hduv kh~dpkdu

dadsmjhd kh~dpkdu

Spdsbpdn rtdvjh kh~dpkdu

Epjts kh~dpkdu

Gbh kh ^md v^pdd^ kh^dpkdUGdhbh{bk jpbhe'jpbhe nk ibabhbh! th~tl gdhed~bmtk

~bheebsbh nbh sdhnbsb~ lmbab{bl ~dpmbnbs sdpkvub

~dp~dh~t( Jpbhe'jpbhe {bhe nk~bh{bk*~bheebsbh nbl

nk~dh~tlbh! ~d~bsk nkskakm vdfbpb bfbl( Ldadgbmbh nbpk

ububhfbpb ibabhbh khk bnbabm vdgsk~h{b ubl~t th~l

gdhebitlbh sdp~bh{bbh vdp~b th~tl gdg`dpklbh

ldidabvbh( Ndhebh ndgklkbh pdblvk {bhe nkububhfbpbk

blbh nbhelba stab! lbpdhb ld~dp`b~bvbh ubl~t(

Th~tl ad`km bgbhh{b nbpk ~tntmbh gdhebnb'bnb

vd`bklh{b gdheethblbh pdfjpndp ubl~t ububhfbpb vdp~b

lbgdpb! vd`b` {bhe nkububhfbpbk vtak~ nk~dgtlbh ldg`bak

th~tl pd'fmdflkhe(

fbvtba kh^dpkdU

Bnbabm ububhfbpb {bhe nkabltlbh vdfbpb gdhnbnbl

b~bt gdhndvbl! b~bt ububhfbpb {bhe nkabltlbh abh~bpbh

ld`d~tabh `dp~dgt ndhebh hbpb vtg`dp {bhe pdadbh

ndhebh gbvbabm {bhe ~dhebm bl~tba(

Sdpvjhbak^{ kh^dpkdU

B~bt ububhfbpb gdhedhbk spk`bnk vdvdjpbhe {bhe

nk~jljmlbh( @kbvbh{b nkgtb~ nbabg `dh~tl spja!

~jljm vkbsb nbh gdhebsb {bhe gdhjhijalbh vklbs nbh

sbhnbhebhh{b {bhe sb~t~ nkibnklbh fjh~jm {bhe bkl jadm

lmbab{bl( Ububhfbpb spk`bnk iteb `kvbnkabltlbh ~dpmbnbs

jpbhe {bhe gdhthitllbh ldatbp`kbvbbh! bhdm nbh

`dphelbm dlvlatvko(


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46


hdUv kh^dpkdU

Bnbabm vb~t dh~tl ububhfbpb {bh`e sbakhe bh{bl

nkethblbh itphbakv nbabg gdhetgstalbh obl~b {bhe blbh

nkvkbplbh! `bkl vd`bebk vtg`dp `dpk~b! gbtsth th~tl

gdhnbsb~lbh vtb~t ljhpgbvk b~bv obl~b abkhh{b(

@kbvbh{b! ububhfbpb `dpk~b khk nkabltlbh th~tl

gdhnbsb~lbh bmbh dpk~b abhevthe -v~pbkem~ hduv+ vdvtbk

ndhebh sdhd~bsbh ibnuba dpk~b -hduv vfmdntad+(

^dadSjmjhd kh^dpkdU

^dadsmjhd kh~dpkdu bnbabm ububhfbpb {bhe nkabltlbh

ndhebh gdheethblbh ~dadsjh! vdpkhe nkethblbh th~tl

`dpk~b'`dpk~b {bhe vbheb~ gdhndvbl ndbnakhd( B~bt {bhevdpkhe lk~b akmb~ blmkp'blmkp khk nk ~dadkvk ububhfbpb

ndhebh hbpb vtg`dp abhevthe nkabltlbh sbnb vbb~

vkbpbh `dpabhevthe( Ldadgbmbh kh~dpkdu khk! nbl `kvb

gdhed~bmtk pdblvk nbh gkgkl bkp gtlb {bhe nkububhfbpbk(

SpdSbpdn rtdv^kjh kh^dpkdU

Bnbabm ububhfbpb {bhe vdpkhe nkethblbh gbvv gdnkb

th~tl gdgsdpjadm ~bheebsbh nbh sdhnbsb~ ~dpmbnbs mba'

mba {bhe ptgk~! gdh{bhelt~ nb~b'nb~b! nbh gdh{bhelt~

nkvksakh ldkagtbh(

Th~tl idhkv khk! nbbp sdp~bh{bbh nksdpvkbslbh nbh nk~takv

~dpad`km nbmtat ldsbnb hbpb vtg`dp b~bt nklkpkglbh

gdabatk sjv b~bt ltpkp( Vbb~ hbpb vtg`dp gdhibub`

sdp~bh{bbh {bhe gdububhfbpbk nbl sdpat mbnkp(

Ububhfbpb ~dp~takv khk blbh gdg`dpklbh ubl~t {bhe

ftlts ldsbnb hbpb vtg`dp ethb gdgsdpg`bhelbh nbh

gdg`dpklbh ibub`bhh{b(

epjtS kh^dpkdU

Epjts kh~dpkdu bnbabm ububhfbpb bh~bpb vdpjg`jhebh

itphbakv ndhebh vdldajgsjl hbpb vtg`dp! kvb iteb nkvd`t~

v{gsjvktg(

Ububhfbpb vdsdp khk `kbvbh{b nkgtabk ndhebh vdidhkv

ljhodpdhvk sdpv {bhe ldgtnkbh nkabhit~lbh ndhebh

gdhembnkplbh vdldajgsjl vtg`dp -bmak+ nbh itphbakv iteb


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GjnTA @DabIbP 4>


~dpnkpk b~bv d`dpbsb gdnkb(

Ububhfbpb -kh~dpkdu+ bnbabm vbabm vb~t fbpb ubp~bubh

th~tl gdhnbsb~lbh dpk~b dvbp vdfbpb dlvlatvko!

{blhk `dpk~b {bhe nbl `kvb nkgkaklk jadm gdnkb abkh(Vd`datg gdabltlbh ububhfbpb! vdjpbhe itphbakv mbptv

gdgsdpvkbslbh nkpk vd`bkl'`bklh{b! bebp ububhfbpb

`dpabhevthe ndhebh bkl vd`bebkgbhb {bhe nkmbpbslbh

bh~bpb abkh9

^dh~tlbh vbvbpbh*~jskl {bhe blbh nk~bh{blbh( sdabibpk

iteb ab~bp `dablbhe nbpk hbpb vtg`dp(

Sdabibpk vd`bh{bl gthelkh vdebab vdvtb~t {bhe

gdh{bhelt~ ~jskf {bhe mdhnbl nkbitlbh ldsbnb hbpb

vtg`dp( Vkbslbh vdgtb bab~ `bh~t {bhe nk`t~tmlbh -`tlt

fb~b~bh! sdhb! lbgdpb! nbh vd`bebkh{b+(

Vd~dabm gdhd~bslbh ~jskl b~bt gbvbabm {bhe

mdhnbl nk~bh{blbh! lk~b vd`bklh{b gdhtakvlbh nbbp

sdp~bh{bbh! obl~b'obl~b! b~bt sbhnbhebh {bhe blbh

nkljpdl nbpk hbpb vtg`dp(

Vtb~t ububhfbpb nbsb~ `dpvkob~ pkhebh! vdsdp j`pjabh!

`bmlbh gdhemk`tp( Bnb iteb ububhfbpb {bhe vdgb~b

`dpkvk obl~b( Ububhfbpb `dptvbmb gdhibub` sdp~bh{bbh

nbvbp vdsdp vkbsb: Bsb: nk gbhb: nbh lbsbh: Khkabm

sdp~bh{bbh gtnbm nbh nbabg d`dpbsb mba gdgbhe

k~tabm {bhe nksdpatlbh( Hbgth lk~b `kvb gdhbg`bmlbh

sdp~bh{bbh bhbakvb vdsdp bsb: nbh gdhebsb:

^dh~t bnb `bh{bl fbpb th~tl gdabltlbh ububhfbpb `bek

vtpb~lb`bp! pbnkj b~bt ~dadkvk! hbgth vdfbpb tgtg bnb

`d`dpbsb b~tpbh {bhe dpablt bsbsth gdnkbh{b(

St~tvlbh bsb {bhe gdhibnk ojltv ububhfbpb nbhbsb {bhe nbsb~ nkakst~ vdfbpb pdbakvv gdhekheb~

sdpg`bhebh ubl~t {bhe ~dpvdnkb( Ojltv khk mbptv

nbl ~dpabat vdgsk~ nbh nbl ~dpabat atbv(

@tb~abm sdpvkbsbh( Fdl hbgb! ~dpt~bgb hbgb jpbhe

{bhe blbh Bhnb ububhfbpb! obl~b'obl~b nbh bhelb'

bhelb( Ld~debvbh bhnb nbh ldpibvbgb nbpk jpbhe

{bhe bhnb ububhfbpb blbh dpsdhebptm kab bhnb

gdg`tb~ ldvbabmbh nbh jnjm b~bv ldvbabmbh obl~b(

@tb~abm ebpkv `dvbp bsb sdpvkvh{b {bhe Bhnb khekhlbh


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44


nbpk ububhfbpb k~t -bhnb kvb gdhtakvh{b nbabg

vdfbpkl ldp~bv b~bt gdg`b{bhelbh nbabg ldsbab

bhnb+( Bhnb `kvb iteb gdhtakv sdp~bh{bbh'sdp~bh{bbh

bhnb nk ldp~bv vd`bebk sbhntbh! hbgth ibhebh sdphbm

gdheklt sdp~bh{bbh k~t vdsdhtmh{b( Bhnb `kvb atsbsjljl sdpvjbabh {bhe vbheb~ sdhhe th~tl nk~bh{blbh

iklb bhnb mbh{b dpljhvdh~pbvk sbnb tpt~bh'tpt~bh

sdp~bh{bbh ~dp~takv {bhe vtnbm bhnb kb~ ~bhsb

gdhemkpbtlbh ibub`bh {bhe gdhebakp nbpk jpbhe {bhe

bhnb ububhfbpb(

@kfbpblbh ~jskl ububhfbpb ndhebh jpbhe {bhe bhnb

ububhfbpb( Nkb mbptv gdhed~bmtk mbvka bsb {bhe bhnb

khekhlbh nbpk ububhfbpb k~t! vdmkheeb nkb nbsb~ vkbs

ndhebh ibub`bh {bhe ab{bl th~tl nk`bfb nkndhebpb~bt nkakmb~ jadm lmbab{bl(

Ad`km bkl ububhfbpb nkabltlbh vdhnkpk vbib(

Ububhfbpb nk ndsbh `bh{bl jpbhe abkh nbsb~ `dpt`bm

gdhibnk vdsdp sdp~thitllbh(

Ndhebplbh vdabat bsb {bhe nklb~blbh jadm jpbhe {bhe

bhnb ububhfbpb nbh `dpklbh pdvsjh vdab{blh{b(

Vdabgb ububhfbpb k~t bhnb mbptv ~d~bs khndsdhndh(

@dpvklbsabm ~debv! j~jpk~bo nbh gdhbh~bhe! hbgth

bhnb mbptv ~d~bs vjsbh nbh `dpvklbs bnka(

Ibhebh kbplbh jpbhe {bhe bhnb ububhfbpb

gdhedhnbaklbh ibabh{b ububhfbpb nbh gbabm

gdhebitlbh sdp~bh{bbh(

Sdp~bh{bbh'sdp~bh{bbh mbptv sdhndl nbh ~dsb~! abhevthe

ld sdpgbvbabmbh( Ndhebh gdhebitlbh sdp~bh{bbh {bhe

sbhibhe nbh ptgk~! bhnb mbh{b blbh gdg`khethelbh

jpbhe {bhe bhnb ububhfbpb nbh btnkdhv(

@dpklt~ `d`dpbsb vbpbh {bhe gthelkh gdg`bh~t92( ^bh{blbh bsb {bhe lkpb'lkpb iteb khekh nk~bh{blbh jadm

sdg`bfb*sdhndhebp bhnb

0( Mkhnbpk sdp~bh{bbh ~dp~t~ts {bhe kvb nkibub`

ndhebh {b b~bt nbl( Jpbhe {bhe vtak~ gthelkh

blbh gdg`dpklbh ibub`bh vdsdp k~t( Ad`km `bh{bl

bhnb gdgtabk sdp~bh{bbh ndhebh lb~b Bsb( Vkbsb(

Gdhebsb! @bebkgbhb! Lbsbh nbh Nk gbhb:

6( Bitlbh sdp~bh{bbh vb~t ndgk vb~t( Jpbhe {bhe bhnb

ububhfbpbk -nbh bhnb vdhnkpk+ gthelkh atsb b~bt


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GjnTA @DabIbP 4?


ndhebh vdhebib gdhemkhnbpk sdp~bh{bbh {bhe ldntb

b~bt ldeb

>( Ibhebh gdg`tb~ bvtgvk( Vdvdjpbhe {bhe

`dpsdhebabgbh gthelkh blbh gdheb~blbh vdvtb~t

th~tl gdg`dajllbh ububhfbpb( Nkb iteb gthelkhiteb nbsb~ gdhthitllbh `bmub bhnb nbl sbmbg

blbh bsb {bhe vdnbhe bhnb kfbpblbh(

4( Ibhebh gdhebibl dp~dhelbp" Lbabt bhnb ldmkabhebh

ldvb`bpbh b~bt gdhebg`ka vklbs gdgkmbl! jpbhe

{bhe bhnb ububhfbpbk gthelkh blbh gdgbhobb~lbh

ldvdgsb~bh ~dpvd`t~ th~tl gdhdh~bhe bhnb vdfbpb

abhevthe nbh gdhebg`ka bakm ldhnbak ibabhh{b

ububhfbpb(

?(Ibhebh sdphbm gdhfj`b gdhfblts ~jskl {bhe ~dpabatatbv(

5( @tb~abm sdp~bh{bbh blmkp th~tl gdg`theltv

sdp~bh{bbh bhnb(

Nbabg spjvdv ububhfbpb! vk sdububhfbpb gdgbh~bt

vdgtb {bhe nktfbslbh jadm nbh `bmbvb ~t`tm nbpk jpbhe

{bhe nkububhfbpbk! vbg`ka `dptvbmb gdhfks~blbh vtbvbhb

vbh~bk nbh nbl'gdhebhfbg! {blhk vtbvbhb {bhe ljhntvko

`bek `dpabhevtheh{b ububhfbpb(

Nbabg spbl~dlh{b! `dp`bebk sklkpbh gthfta nk `dhbl vk

sdububhfbpb ldlb ububhfbpb vdnbhe `dpabhevthe(

Vdsdp9 Bsb {bhe mbptv vb{b ~bh{blbh abek: @bebkgbhb

hbnb kfbpb jpbhe {bhe nkububhfbpbk khk: Nbpk edpbl ~t`tm

nbh hbnb vtbpbh{b! bsblbm ~dpakmb~ kb `kfbpb ititp b~bt

gdhfj`b gdh{dg`th{klbh vdvtb~t:

Vdjpbhe sdububhfbpb vdfbpb vdlbaketv gdabltlbh

`dp`bebk mba9 gdhndhebplbh! gdhebgb! gdh{daknklk!gdhbheebsk! nbh gdhfb~b~( Lbnbhe'lbnbhe kb vdsdp

vdjpbhe sdhekh~dpjebvk! lbnbhe'lbnbhe vdfbpb ~bibg

kb gdh{dpbhe ndhebh gdhthitllbh ldvbabmbh'

ldvbabmbh jpbhe {bhe nkububhfbpbk! lbnbhe'lbnbhe kb

gdhelabpklbvk! lbnbhe'lbnbhe stab kb vdsdp sbvko b~bt

gdhibnk sdhndhebp {bhe bkl( Vd`dpbsb vtlvdv vtb~t

ububhfbpb ~dpebh~the sbnb ldgbgstbh gdabltlbh

ljg`khbvk dp`bebk ld~dpbgskabh {bhe khk vdfbpb

sbv! vdvtbk ndhebh ~th~t~bh vk~tbvk nbh jpbhe {bhe


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nkububhfbpbk(

Vkob~ ububhfbpb `dpgbfbg'gbfbg! ~dpebh~the nbpk

khojpgbvk bsb {bhe nkkhekhlbh vk sdububhfbpb nbh

`bebkgbhb vk~tbvk vdp~b ljhnkvk {bhe nkmbnbsk jpbhe {bhenkububhfbpbk( Vkob~ ububhfbpb `kvb vbheb~ `dpbpkbvk! nbpk

{bhe `kbvb'`kbvb vbib vbgsbk {bhe bh~bejhkvl( Nbpk {bhe

gdgsdp~thitllbh atbsbh sdpbvbbh vbgsbk {bhe dpvkob~

ndodhvko nbh gdht~ts nkpk(

Iklb vdjpbhe ubp~bubh gdububhfbpbk vdjpbhe sdib`b~

sdgdpkh~bm ~dh~bhe ld`dpmbvkabh vbabm vb~t spjepbgh{b!

~dh~t vk ubp~bubh blbh gdhnbsb~ ~bheebsbh {bhe bkl

nbh sbhibhe'ad`bp( Hbgth iklb vk ubp~bubh gdhfj`bgdhethelbs spbl~dl ljptsvk {bhe nknteb nkabltlbh jadm

sdib`b~ dpvbhelt~bh! ~dh~t vk sdib`b~ blbh dpvklb~

ndodhvko bmlbh ~dp~t~ts(

Ubp~bubh {bhe `bkl mbptv gdhedp `bebkgbhb fbpb

gdgdebhe jpbhe {bhe nkububhfbpbk nbh gdhbhebhk

vk~tbvk( Ubp~bubh mbptv `kvb gdpbvblbh! bsb {bhe mbptv

nkabltlbh sbnb gjgdh ~dp~dh~t ldlb `dpabhevthe

ububhfbpb lbsbh kb mbptv `dpvklbs adg`t~! lbsbh mbptv

hej~j~ b~bt `dpvklbs ldpbv! lbsbh mbptv gdhndhebplbh

~bhsb ljgdh~bp! nbh lbsbh mbptv gdgbhfkhe ndhebh

sdp~bh{bbh'sdp~bh{bbh ~bibg(

SdpvkbSbh UbUbhfbpb

Sdpvkbsbh'sdpvkbsbh ~dpvd`t~ sdhhe th~tl gdhnbsb~

sdpmbbh! lbpdhb ibhebh vbgsbk gdgsdpgbatlbh nkpk

vdhnkpk! ad`km'ad`km adg`beb {bhe gdhibnk khntl nbpk

ldekb~bh ububhfbpb khk( Ndhebh sdpvkbsbh {bhe gb~bhe

khv{b Baabm gbgst gdheebak vtg`dp dpk~b b~bt khojpgbvk{bhe nksdpatlbh th~tl gdhedg`bhelbh dpk~b nbh vdlbak

abek vd`datg `dp~dgt ndhebh hbpb vtg`dp fdl tabhe

sdpbab~bh itphbakvl(

Th~tl gdhnbsb~lbh mbvka {bhe `bkl gblb mbptv gbgst

gdhdgtlbh jpbhe {bhe! vdvtbk ndhebh `knbhe nbh

ldbmakbh! b~bt kvb iteb lbpdhb mj`k ~dplbk~ ndhebh

sdpgbvbabmbh {bhe blbh gdhibnk ~jskl ububhfbpb(

Gkvbah{b! vjba ldptvblbh akhelthebh ~dh~th{b ububhfbpb


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4;


mj`k! ldatbpebh{b! nbh ldvtlbbh abkhh{b(

Ldakgb! vd`datg `dp~b~bs gtlb gdg`tb~ ibhik ntat

vd`datg gdabltlbh ububhfbpb! th~tl gdgkh~b nbh

g!dhdh~tlbh lbsbh ubl~t {bhe atbhe nbh ~dsb~ ~dsb~th~tl gdabltlbh ububhfbpb! lbpdhb `kbvbh{b vtg`dp

`dpk~b sdpvjh {bhe vk`tl! vdmkheeb sdheb~tpbh ubl~t

ftlts ld~b~(

Lddhbg! {bhe ~bl lbabm sdhheh{b sdpvkbsbh

gdh~ba th~tl gdhebnblbh ububhfbpb! lbpdhb

gbvkhe'gbvkhe spk`bnk sth{b lbpbl~dp {bhe dp`dnb!

vdmkheeb nksdpatlbh gdg`bfb lbpbl~dp fbajh hbpb

vtg`dp( Sdpvkbsbh abkhh{b! sdpbab~bh {bhe nksdpatlbhbh~bpb abkh! `ajlhj~d! baasjkh~! ~bsd pdfjpndp b~bt

lbgdpb lbabt gdgbhe nksdpatlbh( Nkbhitplbh th~tl

`dpsblbkbh pbsk nbh gdhemkhnbpk sdhbgskabh {bhe

ltpbhe vjsbh(

Sdablvbhbbh UbUbhfbpb

Nbabg ububhfbpb {bhe sdpat gdhnbsb~ sdpmbbh bnbabmm

mba'mba vd`bebk `dpklt~9

Gdhibeb Vtbvbhb

Khk vbheb~ sdhhe nbabg sdablvbhbbh ububhfbpb

nk`tb~ ad`km pkadlv! vdmkheeb `dpibabh ndhebh vbh~bk

nbl ~dpabat ojpgba gdvlksth gdg`bmbv gbvbabm

{bhe vdpktv( Th~tl gdhfks~blbh vtbvbhb {bhe h{bgbh

nbh `bkl gdgdpalbh ubl~t! lbpdhb k~t vd`datg

gdgbvtlk gb~dpk {bhe blbh nksdpfblbslbh ad`km dhbl

lbabt nk`tlb ndhebh mba'mba {bhe tgtg( Gkvbah{b!

vjba ldbnbbh hbpb vtg`dp bkl k~t gbvbabm ldvdmb~bh!

mj`k nbh vd`bebkh{b {bhe gthelkh gdh{d~tm mb(

Gdvlk vkob~ `bvb'`bvk khk nksdpatlbh th~tl gdhbpkl

vkgsb vtsb{b hbpb vtg`dp vdmk`heeb nbl ~dpabat

sdak~ ndhebh sdph{b~bbh b~bt sdhnbsb~ bpt( Ldftbak

lbabt sdububhfbpb vtnbm vbheb~ ndlb~ bvb'`bvk

k~t `kvb nkltpbhek! ad`km'ad`km lbabt gdgbhe ubl~t

th~tl ububhfbpb vbheb~ ~dp`b~bv! sdububhfbpb

mbptv ~bheebs( K~tsth iteb lk~b nk`kfbpblbh vd`datg

gdabhevthelbh ububhfbpb(


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GjnTA @DabIbP ?3


Nbabg gdhibeb vtbvbhb khk vtnbm vdab{blh{b

nkabltlbh! bh~bpb abkh ibhebh gdg`tb~ hbpb vtg`dp

gbpbm b~bt ~dpvkheethe! vdmkheeb sdpfblbsbh

abhevthe nkst~tv( Ibhebh gbpbm'gbpbm b~bt

gdgjijllbh hbpb vtg`dp(

@dpvklbs Ubibp

Nbabg ububhfbpb vdpkhelbak dpmbnbsbh ndhebh hbpb

vtg`dp {bhe `dhbp'`dhbp sblbp! ~d~bsk nbl ibpbhe

{bhe nkmbnbsk nbl gdhetbvbk sdpvjbabh( Hbgth

ndgklkbh nbl sdpat pdhnbm nkpk b~bt gdpbvb ad`km

heek nbpk hbpb vtg`dp! vdmbptvh{b `kvb gdhekg`bhek

b~bt gdhebhelb~h{b( Sdububhfbpb iteb mbptv `kvb

gdhfdebm vtsb{b hbpb vtg`dp nbl `dpfdpbgbm!lbpdhb k~t sdpvkbsbh gdhembnbsk dp`bebk lbpbl~dp khk

vbheb~ nksdpatlbh(

Lbpdhb k~t nbabg sdpvkbsbh ububhfbpb khk

nksdpatlbh!gdhetbvbk gb~dpk! vdabkh gdhetbvbk hbpb

vtg`dp nbh sbhnbk'sbhnbk gdg`bublbh nkpk bebp

nbl nkpdhnbmlbh( Bsb`kab gdhembnbsk hbpb vtg`dp

{bhe nbl gdhetbvbk gbvbabm `kvb gdhebpbmlbh

~d~bsk ~bhsb mbptv gdheetptk! vdmkheeb `kvb

gdgbmbgk sdpvjbabh {bhe blbh nkebak(

Gdgdakmbpb Vk~tbvk

Vdfbpb vbnbp vdpkhe ~dp`bub dgjvk! vdmkheeb atsb

vdnbhe gdhembnbsk hbpb vtg`dp! lbpdhb k~t nbabg

ububhfbpb mbptv sbhnbk'sbhnbk gdgdakmbpb vk~tbvk

vtsb{b gdhnbsb~ khojpgbvk {bhe nk`t~tmlbh nbh

ibhebh vbgsbk ~dpid`bl ld nbabg vk~tbvksdpnd`b~bh

ndhebh hbpb vtg`dp {bhe nkububhfbpbk( Iteb sdpat

nkmkhnbpk vk~tbvk nkvltvk {bhe dpldsbhibhebh b~bt`dphnbl `dpad`kmbh vbgsbk gdhitptv ld bpbm

kh~dpjepbvk bsbabek gdhemblkgk(

Gkvbah{b! ububhfbpb ndhebh vdjpbhe nkpdl~tp ptgbm

vblk~ ~dplbk~ ndhebh lbvtv t `tpthe! lbpdhb dlb

ldnjl~dpbh! vdmkheeb mbptv nkibeb nkpbmbvkblbh(

Hbgth sdububhfbpb gdgblvblbh ldmdhnbl!

vdmkheeb gdhkg`talbh ld~debhebh nbh gdhemblkgk

nkpdl~tp ~dpvd`t~! tlbh gdhnbsb~ khojpgbvk gbabm


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GjnTA @DabIbP ?0


th~tl gdhnbsb~ ebg`bpbh {bhe ad`km idabv ~dh~bhe

ldptvblbh akhelthebh! sbnb bubah{b gdgbhe

`dpfdpk~b ~dh~bhe akhelthebh ~d~bsk nk ~dhebm'~dhebm

sdg`kfbpbbh gdg`dajl ld bpbm abkh nbh gdh{kgsbhe

nbpk sjljl sdpvjbabh( Lbabt vtnbm ndgklkbh gblb{bhe nkabltlbh vdedpb gdhedg`baklbh kh sdpvjbabh(

Lpkv

Vklbs lpkv sdpat nkldg`bhelbh nbabg ububhfbpb

bebp gdhnbsb~ khojpgbvk {bhe ad`km ~dpkhfk nbh

vdadhelbs'adhelbsh{b( Th~tl k~t nksdpatlbh ldidakbh

nbabg gdhbhelbs sdpvjbabh {bhe dplbk~bh ndhebh

sjljl sdg`kfbpbbh {bhe vdnbhe nkldg`bhelbh( Idak

nbh lpkv gdptsblbh lbk~bh ndhebh ldgbgstbhgdhbhelbs vdbs lb~b nbh lbakgb~ {bhe nkvbgsbklbh

jadm hbpb vtg`dp(

Ldlpkvbh ~dpvd`t~ nbl mbh{b gdh{bhelt~ sjljl

sdpvjbabh! ~d~bsk iteb gdhbhelbs edpblbh'edpblbh

{bhe nkububhfbpbk( @dplbk~ ndhebh sjljl sdpvjbabh

lbabt lpkv gdhbhelbsh{b gblb `kvb gdatptvlbh

nb~b `kab hbpb vtg`dp vbabm gdhethelbslbhh{b( @bkl

k~t ~dh~bhe bhelb! ~dgsb~ ldibnkbh nbh vd`bebkh{b(

Khk sdhhe vd`bebk `bmbh th~tl gdhtakvlbh absjpbh!

vdmkheeb `dhbp'`dhbp t~tm nbh sdhtm ubphb(

Lbabt sdpat ldlb hbpb vtg`dp vdnbhe gdg`dpklbh

ld~dpbhebh nbabg ldbnbbh edakvbm! ~dptv gdhdptv

gdhedstalbh bvbs pjljl nbh vd`bebkh{b! mba khk

mbptv nk~bhelbs vd`bebk kv{bpb~ {bhe kvb nk~tbhelbh

nbabg ~takvbh( Ndhebh ndgklkbh sdg`bfb gdhnbsb~

ebg`bpbh t~tm nbh absjpbh nbl ldpkhe(

Vjsbh Vbh~th

Nbabg ububhfbpb vjsbh vbh~th sdpat nkibeb! lbpdhb

khk gdh{bhelt~ dlb~ sdpebtabh nk nbabg gbv{bpblb~

{bhe mbptv gdhnbsb~ sdpmbbh nbh nksdebhe ~detm(

Nbabg gdhembnbsk hbpb vtg`dp ldhnbak vtnbm

gdheldhba `d~ta! nbl `kvb `dpvklbs vdg`bpbhebh!

vjg`jhe b~bt sdpkablt {bhe nbl vkgsbl abkhh{b(

@kab blbh gdpjljl! vdgdh~bpb hbpb vtg`dp nbl

gdpjljl mbptv gkh~b kykh( Bsbabek lbabt ptbhebh


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74/144

GjnTA @DabIbP ?>


Sdhtakvbh UbUbhfbpb

Mbvka ububhfbpb kvb nk~tbhelbh nbabg d`dpbsb dh~tl

sdhtakvbh vdvtbk ndhebh ~titbh ububhfbpb {bhe ~dabm

nkabltlbh( @kab mbvka ububhfbpb blbh nkeb`thelbh ndhebh

mbvka ububhfbpb {bhe abkh! fbpb gdhtakvlbhh{b blbh abkhndhebh `dh~tl sdhtakvbh {bhe nknbvbplbh sbnb vb~t

ububhfbpb( Mbvka ububhfbpb nbsb~ nksdpethblbh th~tl

`bmbh sdhtakvbh `dpk~b b~bt v~pbkem~ hduv! absjpbh b~bt

~takvbh lmtvtv ububhfbpb(

Ndhebh ndgklkbh dpk~b {bhe nkvbiklbh gdptsblbh

sdpsbntbh bh~bpb obl~b -obf~ hduv+ nbh jskhk b~bt

sdhnbsb~ b~bt jgjhebh -~bal hduv+( Th~tl gdheebak

ld~dpbhebh b~bt khojpgbvk b~bt ld~dpbhebh nbpk vdvdjpbhe!ububhfbpb {bhe nksdpatlbh nbl vdlbnbp vbg`ka abat!

~d~bsk gdgdpatlbh ldlmtvtvbh( Nbabg nthkb itphbakvl

ububhfbpb lmtvtv jskhk gdgsth{bk hkabk ~bg`bm! ad`km'

ad`km lbabt {bhe gdhibnk vtg`dp ububhfbpb gdgkaklk

hbgb b~bt ldkvgdubbh nbh jskhk {bhe nkldgtlblbh

gdptsblbh vtb~t {bhe vbgb vdlbak `bpt nbh `datg sdphbm

nkldgtlblbbh ldsbnb gdnkb abkh(


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?4

Gb~dpk 5(

Gdhtak v~pbkem~ Hdu

^TITBH

Sdvdp~b nbsb~ gdhtakv

`dpk~b sdhndl ndhebh

`bkl Gdg`tb~ adbn `dpk~b

Gded~bmtk hkabk'hkabk

`dpk~b

LDEKB^BH

^djpk

Nkvltvk

Spbl~dl


76/144


77/144


?5

Gdhtak @dpk~b Sdhndl

sde -vtNt~ @dpk~b+

Gdhtakv `dpk~b ndhebh `bkl mbh{b gthelkh vd~dabm ad`km

nbmtat gdgbvlbh vtnt~ `dpk~b( Nbh spbv{bpb~ akst~bh

{bhe ~dpbpbm kbabm gdgbvlbh vtnt~ `dpk~b vdibl lk~b

`dpbnb nk absbhebh(

adbN -kh~pj+

Vd~dabm vtnt~ dpk~b! ldekb~bh vdabhit~h{b bnbabm

gdhdh~tlbh Adbn b~bt Kh~pj( Nbabg d`dpbsb tlt! adbn

nkbplbh nbabg `bh{bl bp! vdsdp Bgdpklb gdh{d`t~h{b

adbn b~bt hjvd< Kheepkv gdh{d`t~h{b kh~pj(

Adbn vbheb~ sdhhe( Kheb~! adbn bnbabm buba fdpk~b!

vtb~t ibhik ldsbnb sdg`bfb gdhedhbk bsb {bhe ~dpibnk

@BMBH


78/144

GjnTA @DabIbP ?=


gdhnb~bhe( ^keb ndl nbh sdg`bfb blbh gdhdh~tlbh

th~tl gdg`bfb b~bt skhnbm ld fdpk~b abkh( K~tabm vdatptm

ubl~t {bhe bnb `bek lk~b th~tl gdhbhelbs sbhnbhebh

vdakh~bv sdg`bfb nbh gdhbmbhh{b! lb~b Njhba Gtpbv

nbabg tlth{b Upkhe ojp {jtp pdbndpv(

Ubl~t vbheb~ `dpmbpeb `bek sdg`bfb( Gdpdlb blbh

gdgt~tvlbh th~tl gtabk gdg`bfb b~bt skhnbm( @kab

gdpdlb gtabk gdg`bfb! `bh{bl nkbh~bpbh{b mbh{b

vdskh~bv( Ntb vbgsbk dgsb~ sbpbepbo(

Vdabhit~h{b lk~b blbh gdg`bmbv d`dpbsb idhkv adbn b~bt

kh~pj! ~dpgbvtl adbn sde! {bhe `kbvb nkethblbh nbabg

Pdsjp~bvd Nbvbp b~bt V~pbkem~ Hduv( Sb~t~ nkkheb~! `bmublk~b ~bl gthelkh gdhdh~tlbh Adbn b~bt Kh~pj! ~bhsb

ad`km ntat gdgbvlbh Vtnt~ @dpk~b( Vbgb mbah{b ndhebh

~bl gthelkh gdgbvlbh Vtnt~ @dpk~b ~bhsb ad`km ntat

gdhfdl Ibabh Fdpk~b! nbh vd~dptvh{b(

Adbn! b~bt nbabg `bmbvb Khnjhdvkb `kbv nk~dpidgbmlbh

gdhibnk ~dpbv dpk~b! ~dpad~bl nk bakhdb b~bt sbpbepbsm

sdp~bgb( Adbn gdptsblbh bekbh nbpk ljgsjvkvk b~bt

vtvthbh `dpk~b! {blhk vd~dabm itnta `dpk~b -mdbn+ nbh

vd`datg `bnbh `dpk~b -hduv `jn{+(

Adbn tgtgh{b nkvtvth nbabg `dh~tl+! gdhethithek

ljp`bh ld`blbpbh nk ptbhe ebub~ nbptpb~ Ptgbm Vblk~

Tgtg Ybkhjda B`knkh @bhnb Bfdm(

V~b~dgdh~ adbn-~dpbv `dpk~b `dptsb sdph{b~bbh+(

Fjh~jm9 Ldsbab Hdebpb gdhdebvlbh! sdgdpkh~bm blbh`dphnbl ~debv ~dpmbnbs sdablt sdadnblbh @jg KK nk

@bak {bhe gdheblk`b~lbh ~dubvh{b `d`dpbsb ubpeb(

Rtj~bjh adbn-~dpbv `dpk~b ltsbh+( Fjh~jm9 Lbgk

blbh gdhbgskalbh blvk sbheethe {bhe `dp`dnb nbabg

sdpedabpbh hbh gbabg! ndgklkbh nklb~blbh Pbk!

jlbakv Lbhnd Epjts ldgbpkh! gdhibub` ldatbmbh

obhvh{b {bhe gdhebheebs sdhbgskabh gdpdlb

gjhj~jh(

Fjh~pbv~ adbn-~dpbv `dpk~b ljh~pbv+( Fjh~jm9 Ubak Lj~b


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?;


gdhfbhbhelbh @bhnb Bfdm! vd`bebk @bhnbp Ukvb~b

Kvabgk! {bhe dpvkm pbsbk nbh khnbm( bsk! nk`d`dpbsb

sjijl sbvbp vbgsbm dpvdpblbh(

D}fabgbjh adbn-~dpbv `dpk~b {bhe gdhidpk~+( Fjh~jm9

^knbl" ndgklkbh ~dpkbl mkv~dpkv ~dpnblub BS!gdhndhebp st~tvbh mblkg {bhe gdgjhkvh{b ndhebh

mtltgbh gb(

Bnb vdstatm sdnjgbh gdhedhbk sdhtakvbh ~dpbv `dpk~b9

^dpbv `dpk~b {bhe gdhdgsb bakhdb sdp~bgb mbptv

gdhfdpgkhlbh sjljl ~dpsdhhe `dpk~b( Bakhdb

sdp~bgb nbsb~ ~dpnkpk nbpk vb~t lbakgb~ b~bt ad`km!

blbh ~d~bsk vd`bklh{b ibhebh vbgsbk gdad`kmk eb

lbakgb~( ^dpbv `dpk~b ibhebh gdhebhnthe ad`km nbpk 63'>4 lb~b(

dpbv dpk~b mbptv nk~takv vdgdhbpkl gthelkh nbh

vd`bkl'`bklh{b! vdmkheeb9 gtnbm nk~bhelbs nbh fdsb~

nksbmbgk( lbakgb~h{b vkhelb~! vdndpmbhb! vtvthbh

`bmbvbh{b gdgdhtmk spkhvks dljhjgk `bmbvb! nbh

gdhibtmlbh lb~b gt`bykp( vb~t ebebvbh nbabg vb~t

lbakgb~( nk`jadmlbh gdgtb~ ad`km nbpk vb~t thvtp

4U,2M(

Mba {bhe nbl gdhndvbl! `dpothevk vd`bebk

sdadhelbs! mdhnblh{b nkgtb~ nbabg bnbh dpk~b(

^dpbv `dpk~b ad`km `bkl gdhet~bgblbh thvtpd bsb

-umb~+(

^dpbv `dpk~b iteb nbsb~ nkgtabk ndhebh thvtpd vkbsb

-umj+( d~bsk! kab thvtp vkbsb k~t ltpbhe gdhjhija!

vd`bklh{b nkgtb~ sbnb bnbh dpk~b(

^dpbv `dpk~b ibpbhe gdhjhijalbh thvtp lbsbh*

`kabgbhb -umdh+! ldftbak `kab thvtpd k~t sth{b gblhb

lmtvtv nbabg `dpk~b k~t(

@kab mbptv gdgkakm nbpk ntb thvtpd! {blhk thvtp~dgsb~ -umdpd+ nbh ubl~t -umdh+! gblb skakmabm

thvtpd ~dgsb~ ntat! `bpt ubl~t(

Thvtp abkhh{b! {blhk kabgbhb nbh gdhebsb! nktpbklbh

nbabg `bnbh `dpk~b! nbl nbabg ~dpbv `dpk~b(

^dpbv `dpk~b nbsb~ ndhebh ltsbh sdph{b~bbh

vdvdjpbhe -rtj~bjh adbn+! bvbalbh ltsbh k~t nbl

`dptsb lbakgb~ sbhibhe( Sbnb bakhdb `dpklt~h{b! ~takv

hbgb jpbhe k~t! ~dgsb~! vdp~b ubl~t nkb gdg`tb~

sdph{b~bbh k~t(


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GjnTA @DabIbP 53


hkabk `dpk^b

Ak~dpb~tp itphbakvl nk `bpb~ gdptgtvlbh hkabk `dpk~b

khk vd`bebk9 `dvbp ldfkah{b nbgsbl sdpkvub sbnb

gbv{bpblb~< gdhbpkl b~bt nbl nbpk vdek pbebg fbpb mknts

gbhtvkb< dvbp ldfkahb{ ld~jljmbh jpbhe {bhe ~dpak`b~sdpkvub< ibtm ndlb~h{b ajlbvk sdpkvub nbpk jpbhe {bhe

gdhed~bmtk `dpk~bh{b< nbh `bpt'nblh{b b~bt sdhhe

nblh{b vbb~ sdpkvub k~t ~dpibnk(

Nbabg `bmbvb Kheepkv `dp~tpt~'~tpt~ nkvd`t~!> it~b ikub sdhntntl

Bfdm(

Vdibl Kpubhnk [tvto dlv ljg`b~bh ~dpskakm vd`bebk

Et`dphtp sbnb Hjdg`dp 0335! vk~tbvk nk sjakl nk Bfdm

`kvb nk`kabhe ~dhbhe( Khvkndh sjakl ~bl `bh{bl ~dpndhebp!

ndgklkbh stab khvkndh ldbgbhbh( Bnb vditgabm khvkndh

{bhe gthfta `dablbhebh! gdvlk `datg ftlts nkhkabk

vd`bebk vd`tbm sjab {bhe gdg`bmb{blbh ldbgbhbh

spjkhvk(

^bsk vk~tbvk gtabk gdhembheb~( Sdgkat 033; ~dabm

nkablvbhblbh nbh Sbp~bk Ajlba gdhetbvbk sbpadgdh Bfdm!

bheej~b( ^dh~th{b gdhibnk khv~tvk adekvabo sbakhe thkl nk

Khnjhdvkb vb~t'vb~th{b {bhe gdgkaklk vtbpb ajlba'

Sdhdak Bfdm Khv~t~d Obipbh Ybkh gdhtakv! buba ~bmth

033; Bfdm nkubphbk ndhebh `d`dpbsb khvkndh lpkgkhba

{bhe `datg sdphbm ~dpthelbs gjoh{b( Khvkndh k~t ~dplbk~abhevthe ndhebh klmuba sdgkat! vdsdp ljhkl blk`b~

b~pk`t~ sbp~bk! khgknbvk nbh ~dpjp dp`ba! sdg`jgbh

nbh sdadgsbpbh epbhb~ sbnb lbh~jp sbp~bk mkheeb

sdheptvblbh( ^bsk ~bl bnb vb~t sbp~bk sth {bhe ljhvkv~dh

gdhibnk ~bped~( @kab ntat {bhe gdhibnk ~bped~ bnbabm

Sbp~bk Bfdm -`dlbv Edpblbh+! lkhk Sbp~bk Pbl{b~ Bfdm nbh

sbp~bk Vtbpb Khndsdhndh Pbl{b~ Bfdm -VKPB+ iteb gdhibnk

~bped~( @bmlbh! iteb sbp~bk hbvkjhba! kb gdhtakv(

Vk~tv Kh~dphbjhba Fpkvkv Epjts gdhethelbs mbub


100/144

GjnTA @DabIbP ;3


ldfdgbvbh k~t ndhebh gdhbpkl sbnb Vds~dg`dp 033= abat9

Gkak~dp Khnjhdvkb fdgbv ~dpmbnbs Sbp~bk Bfdm `dh~tl

`bpt nbpk Edpblbh Bfdm Gdpndlb {bhe `kvb gdhbhe!

gdpbkm njgkhbvk ltpvk sbpadgdh ajlba nbh gdhbh~bhe

ldltbvbbh stvb~( Sbp~bk Bfdm itv~pt fdgbv ~dpmbnbskh~dpdhvk nbpk Iblbp~b( Sbp~bk' sbp~bk ldfka fdgbv gdhnbsb~

khgknbvk nbpk Sbp~bk Bfdm! {bhe bheej~bh{b ld`bh{blbh

~dpnkpk nbpk dlv ljg`b~bh( @bh{bl jpbhe Bfdm {bhe fdgbv

~dpmbnbs gbpblh{b ldibmb~bh lpkgkhba! {bhe `bh{bl

gdak`b~lbh dlbv bheej~b Edpblbh(

Abat lk~b khekh gdg`knkl `bebkgbhb vd`dhbph{b spjvdv

sdgkat 033; nk Bfdm! bnblbm khgknbvk'khgknbvk ldsbnb

sdgkakm: Vkbsb {bhe gdabltlbh: Bsblbm ldgdhbhebh

sbp~bk ajlba nksdpjadm ndhebh khgknbvk sdgkakm:Mba khk th~tl gdg`dpklbh ebg`bpbh ldsbnb sdg`bfb

vdlbakbh! nbh {bhe sdpat nkkheb~! gdhetvthe itphbakvgd

nbgbk! vbheb~ sdhhe th~tl ~d~bs gdhibeb sdpnbgbkbh

{bhe b`bnk nk Bfdm(

@bmbh * ububhfbpb 9

Hbpb vtg`dp

' Sdhebgb~ Sjakl Bfdm

^bh{blbh9

@bebkgbhb sbhnbhebhh{b ~dh~bhe sdgkat 033; nk

Bfdm: bsblbm vtnbm `dpabhevthe ndgjlpbv: Bnb

`bh{bl absjpbh khgknbvk! `bebkgbhb sbhnbhebhh{b:

Vkbsb gdhtpt~h{b {bhe gdabltlbh: Naa ldg`bhelbh(

' Ldsjakvkbh

^bh{blbh9

Gdhidabhe sdgkakmbh! `bh{bl ~dpibnk ~dpjp! ldhbsb

sjakvk `datg `dpmbvka gdg`jhelbp lbvtvh{b: Vkbsb

gdhtpt~ gdpdlb {bhe gdabltlbh: @bebkgbhbndhebh sdablvbhbbh Sdgkat nk Bfdm: bnblbm absjpbh

ldldpbvbh: Naa ldg`bhelbh

' Ljgkvk Khndsdhndh Sdgkakmbh

^bh{blbh9

@bebkgbhb sbhnbhebhh{b ~dpmbnbs Sdgkat 033; nk

Bfdm: bnb `bh{bl absjpbh khgknbvk! bsblbm `dhbp

bnbh{b: Bsblbm sdgkat vtlvdv gdhtpt~ gdpdlb: Naa

ldg`bhelbh


101/144


;2


' Sbhubvat Bfdm

@tb~ sdp~bh{bbh ((((

' Gbv{bpblb~

@tb~ sd~bh{bbh (((

' Thvtp sbp~bk sdgdhbhe nbh {bhe nbl gdhbhe

@tb~ sdp~bh{bbh ((((

' Thvtp sbp~bk ajlba nbh sbp~bk hbvkjhba

@tb~ sdp~bh{bbh (((

@bmbh 9 `tlt'`tlt nbh bplda

'

dh~bhe buba sdhnkpkbh sbp~bk ajlba nbh nbvbpmtltgh{b

' Spjvdv sdgkat nk Bfdm vdibl gdpndlb


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103/144


104/144


105/144


;4

Gdhtak Odb~tpd

Sdphbm gblbh blvj nk`dpbsb ~dgsb~: Ldhbsb ubabt

vbgb'vbgb dphbgb blvj! hbgth fk~b pbvb vb~t ubpthe

ndhebh abkhh{b `dp`dnb( [ts! fbpb gdhejabmh{b ~bl

vbgb( Bhnbk `blvj nkpbfkl ndhebh fbpb vbgb! bsb fk~bpbvb

vdptsb: Idabv `dnb( Vd`b`! `bmbh gdhdh~tlbh pbvb( @blvjklbh nbh `blvj nbekhe `dhbp'`dhbp `dnb(

Abat bsb {bhe sbakhe gdhdh~tlbh bebp `kvb gdg`tb~

`blvj {bhe hklgb~: bl abkh< bmbh! fbpb gdhejabm nbh

ld~detmbh mb vbb~ gdhedpiblbh( V{bpb~ ~dpvd`t~ gt~abl

mtltgh{b! ~bl kvb adsbv vb~t vbgb abkhh{b(

Vdptsb ndhebh gdg`tb~ `blvj!gdhtakv odb~tpd vbheb~

gdhebhnbalbh ldvdpktvbh sdhtakvh{b( [blkhabm! ~bl bnb

@BMBH


106/144

GjnTA @DabIbP ;?


sdgbabv {bhe `kvb gdhtakv idhkv khk( Ldhbsb: Vd`b`! ibtm

vd`datg sdhtakvh{b ntntl nk ndsbh ljgst~dp th~tl

gdhtakv! kb mbptv gdhetgstalbh `bmbh ad`km ljgsak~ nbh

~bl vd`bhnkhe v~pbkem~ hduv( K~tabm vd`b`! nbabg khntv~pk

gdnkb mbpeb absjpbh idhkv khk ad`km gbmba nbpk `dpk~badgsbhe(

Bsb vbib `bmbh gdhtakv odb~tpd: Sj~jhebh ebg`bp(

Sdhebg`bpbh b~bt vdpkhe nkvd`t~ ndvlpksvk! gdptsblbh

ptm ~takvbh( Ebg`bp bsb: Bsb vbib bvbalbh obl~b( Vd`b`

odb~tpd gdptsblbh idhkv dpk~b! vbgb vdlbak tlbh vbv~pb(

Ljhnkvk vdlk~bp sdpkvub nbh dlvspdvk hbpbvtg`dp! iteb

sdhhe nkatlkvlbh(

Fjh~jm9

Vb`bh b{bg dpljljl vbmt~'vbmt~bh! St~pk vdabat

gdhbhekv mkv~dpkv( Kb ldg`bak ~dpadabs! `kab k`th{b

gdhebh sdg`bat~h{b nk `bakl fdabhb nbabg( Lbabt

vt`tm nkb mbptv ebh sjsjl! idabv Pbmgk! vbg`ka

gdaksb~ sblbkbh `b{kh{b {bhe `bpt `dptgtp eb `tabh

k~t(

Fb~b~bh9 Vtbpb b{bg! iteb mbptv `dhbp'`dhbp obl~b(

Vd`b`! `dpothevk vd`bebk sdhthitl ubl~t -lbsbh+(

Ibhebh atsb! odb~tpd dp~tgst sbnb sdhebg`bpbh

pdbak~bv {bhe ~dpsdpkhfk( Vdabat `dptvbmb gdhbpkl kgbikhbvk

sdg`bfb ld sdpkvub( Gdg`tlb vdat`the {bhe ~dp~t~ts(

Vdp~b gdhebntl dgjvk sdg`bfb vdblbh `bekbh nbabg

ldibnkbh(

Dgsb~ mba {bhe vbheb~ kndhl ndhebh `dpk~b lkvbm(

Sdp~bgb! vbb~ gdhtakvlbhh{b gdhth~t~ sdhtakv lpdbo(

^dpgbvtl `dplkp tabhe! bsblbm sdg`bfb vtnbm `d~bmsbnb absjpbhh{b( Ldntb! lbnbp khojpgbvk ad`km nbabg nbh

bud~( Bp bud~! dhbl nbh sdpat nk`bfb lbsbhsth( Ldeb!

eb{b sdhtakvbhh{b gdhbpkl ~bl lblt vdsdp v~pbkem~ hduv(

^dpblmkp! gdhekykhlbh sdhtakv gdhekvbmlbh ndhebh fbpb

vt`idlo(

Ldthkllbh abkhh{b! mbh{b dpk~b lkvbm {bhe gdgkaklk

`bh{bl idhkv( Ldg`bak sdplbpb buba! vjba `bmbh( @blvj

klbh nkvd`t~ ndgklkbh lbpdhb `dp`bmbh nbvbp klbh( @dek~t

Gbmbvkvub nbh ItphbakvSdgtab nk`dpklbh ~tebv

gdhtakv odb~tpd nbh

ldgtnkbh nk`dpklbh

sdhkabkbh jadm sdhebibp(

HJ^D


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;5


odb~tpd! idhkvh{b dpebh~the bmbh bsb {bhe mdhnbl

nkjabm(

@kab bhnb gdhtakv ~dh~bhe sdaklh{b Sdgkat ~bmth khk!

ndhebh gdhethelbslbh vdebab ldmbptbh! ldedg`kpbbh!vkgsb nbh ldmd`b~bh! gblb absjpbh bhnb ~dpgbvtl

odb~tpd mtgbh kh~dpdv~( Vdabkh k~t! iteb bnb odb~tpd

spja {bhe gdhfdpk~blbh ~dh~bhe ldthkllbh! spdv~bvk!

ldgbabhebh b~bt ibabh mknts vdvdjpbhe(

Sdhebabgbh ak`tpbh bhnb iteb gdhbpkl nk~takvlbh! idhkv

absjpbh khk `kvb nkvd`t~ odb~tpd sdpibabhbh( Vdabkh k~t!

iteb bnb absjpbh vdibpbm( @bmlbh ldgbgstbh vdvdjpbhe

gdhedpiblbh vdbs spjodvkh{b! iteb gdhbpkl nk~tabplbhsbnb {bhe abkh( Tgtgh{b! nkvd`t~ odb~tpd sv b~bt

sd~thitl spblv(

@dp`dnb ndhebh v~pbkem~ hduv! thvtp sdhhe nbpk

ptgtvbh 4 u , 2 M `dpbnb nk buba ~takvbh! ~bsk! odb~tpd

~bl gdhethblbh mkpbplk skpbgknb ~dp`bakl( Vd`b` nkvdgtb

`bekbh gdptsblbh mba sdhhe(

Ubabt `tlbh vbv~pb! idhkv ~takvbh khk abykgh{b gdhethblbh

sjab fdpsdh b~bt hjda( Bebp sdg`bfb `d~bm gdabmbs

absjpbh! sdhhe gdgbkhlbh saj~! lbpbl~dp `bmlbh nkbaje(

Vdmkheeb gthfta kvabm `bpt nbabg nthkb sdg`dpk~bbh

{bhe nkvd`t~ itphbakvgd vbv~pbuk(

@bmlbh sbnb itnta iteb `dpeb{b vbv~pb( ^bl vdnklk~ `bmlbh

{bhe `dpv~ptl~tp vbibl gkvbah{b! Fbmb{b @dpvbakh Fdgbv(

B~bt sadvd~bh ag! fjh~jmh{b< Ldibp Nblt Lbt Lt~bhelbs(

bsk odb~tpd! vthetm ~bl lblt( Ibnk skakmabm itnta! vdvtbk

ldkhekhbh bhnb(

Hbgth sdhhe nksdpmblbh! itnta {bhe `bkl vdabkh mbh{b

gdhethblbh gblvkgba akgb lb~b iteb mbptv gdhbpkl(

^dh~th{b iteb gdhebg`bplbh kvk absjpbh( @dp`dnb ndhebh

itnta v~pbkem~ hduv {bhe lblt(

V~ptl~tp vdabhit~h{b! adbn( Khk `bekbh sdhhe! vdptsb

gbh~pb {bhe dpgtb~bh vkmkp bebp sdg`bfb dpvdnkb

gbvtl vbgsbk blmkp fdpk~b( Bnb `bh{bl vdlbak idhkvh{b(


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GjnTA @DabIbP ;=


^knbl sdhhe nkboba! ftlts vdldnbp sbmbg nbh vdvdlbak

gdhfj`b(

adbn

@dpklt~ d`dpbsb fjh~jm adbn


Lbabt bnb {bhe gdheb~blbh gdpdvdhvk tlt k~t vtak~!

bheebs vbib vd`bebk `dpk~b `jmjhe( Ldftbak bhnb gdgbhe

gbabv gdabltlbhh{b( Lbabt Bhnb kvb gdg`bfb nbh

gdhtakv! {blkhabm(((Bhnb iteb `kvb gdhtakv pdvdhvk `tlt!

bvbalbh bnb ldgbtbbh! k~t lb~b lthfkh{b(

Th~tl gdhibnk vdjpbhe sdpdvdhvk! vtnbm ~dh~t lk~b mbptv

nj{bh gdg`bfb ~dpad`km nbmtat( Nbpk blk~bv gdg`bfb

k~tabm lk~b `dp`bek fdpk~b ~dh~bhe kvk `tlt ldsbnb jpbhe

abkh( titbhh{b! gdg`bh~t jpbhe abkh gdgbmbgk vdskh~bv

~dh~bhe vd`tbm `tlt ~dplbk~ ndhebh ldltpbhebh nbh

ldad`kmbhh{b( Gblb nbpk k~t! vdjpbhe sdpdvdhvk! nkb sdpat

gdhibnk vdjpbhe sdg`bfb {bhe `bkl

Th~tl gdhibnk sdg`bfb {bhe `bkl! gbpk lk~b `dpetpt

sbnb Gjpgdp I( Bnadp nbh Fmbpadv _bh Njpdh( Nk nbabg

`tlth{b {bhe `dpitnta Mju Pdbn B @jjl! ldntb jpbhe khk

gdgsdpldhbalbh bebkgbhb spjvdntp gdg`bfb tlt

{bhe `bkl(

Vbhelkhe gtnbmh{b sdldpibbh gdhebpbhe! Bpvudhnjgdg`bmbvblbhh{b ndhebh vd`t~bh ebgsbhe( Gdhtakv

fdpsdh gdptsblbh vd`tbm ldekb~bh gdhebpbhe {bhe

nkgblvtnlbh ebgsbhe ~dpvd`t~(

Mba {bhe sdpat nksdpmblbh `bek vdjpbhe sdhtakv fdpsdh

bnbabm lpdbk~bv! `bkl nbabg gdh{tvth lb~b'lb~b

-gdg`bmbvblbh+ gbtsth nbabg gdhej~bl'bl ibabh

fdpk~b ndhebh tg`t'`tg`t {bhe nbsb~ gdgsdhebptmk

sdg`bfb abpt~ nbabg fdpk~b {bhe nk`bfb( bgvkah{b`dekhk! etabk lbg`khe blbh dp`dnb fk~bpbvbh{b ~b~lbab

mbh{b nketabk vdndpmbhb -lbg`khe vdgb~b+( Hbgth! vbb~

nk`dpklbh vdnklk~ fbgstpbh vdgkvba `tbm hbhelb! ldabsb!

gdpkfb! fb`bk! nk~bg`bm sdh{dnbs pbvb abkhh{b! etabk

lbg`khe ~dpvd`t~ blbh dpt`bm fk~bpbvb gdhibnk ~bg`bm

hklgb~( Hbgth ndgklkbh! gdhfbgstpbntllbh vdebab

`tg`t ~dpvd`t~ ~bhsb ldakmbkbh gdhejabmh{b! vbgb vbib

`jmjhe( Pbvb {bhe nkmbpbslb vdnbs `kvb vbib gdhibnk

~bg`bm bg`tpbntp( Ndgklkbh mbah{b fdpsdh! iklb mdhnbl

gdhekvbmlbh vd`tbm sdpkvub vdgkvba ldfdablbbh nbabg

fdpk~b ~bhsb sdhebptm babg nbh vdebab bsb {bhe ~dpnbsb~

nk vdlk~bp sdpkvub ~dpvd`t~! fdpk~bh{b sbv `kbvb vbib!

lbpdhb lkvbm ldfdablbbh h{bpkv sdphbm nkbabgk vdbs

jpbhe( Jadm vd`b` k~t! sdpat ldakmbkbh gdhndvlpksvklbh

sdpkvub ldfdablbbh nkgblvtn( Ldakmbkbh khkabm {bhe

nkvd`t~ spjvdv lpdbo sdhfdpk~b nbh sdhfk~pbbh(

Sdheethbbh Sbpbepbo

Nbabg gdhtakv fdpsdh nk`t~tmlbh vdhk `dp~t~tp-`dpfdpk~b+( Bnb d`dpbsb idhkv sbpbepbo b~bt thelbsbh

{bhe nbsb~ nkethblbh nbabg vdhk `dp~t~tp( Thelbsbh b~bt

sbpbepbo ~dpvd`t~! nbabg ljh~dlv fdpsdh! blbh gdhibnk

ltb~ iklb gdheethblbh thelbsbh ndvlpksvk( Thelbsbh b~bt

sbpbepbo ndvlpksvk gdhibnk ldltb~bh nd~bka nbabg vd`tbm

fdpk~b -`bkl fdpsdh gbtsth hjda+ gdvlksth ldntb lbp{b

vbv~pb khk vdpkhe nkvd`t~ vd`bebk lbpbhebh hbpbvk( Vb{b

gkvbalbh bnb sbpbepbo `dekhk9


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Sdpdgstbh k~t `dpltak~ lthkhe abhevb~(

Ubibmh{b jba! `tat gb~bh{b adhl! bakvh{b

~d`ba! mkntheh{b gbhfthe vdlk~bp akgb vdh

nbh bnb ~bmk abab~ nk sksk vd`dabm lkpk( Nbeth{b

vdlkabv `bebk vbhelbp `tpthe ~dgstb( Vdvdlbak`bpkvbh stm gdh{dg`ta nbpk `bakl `k`kph{b

vbb~ ~dpvdh{tg( Bm! `k`kp {bhe skv nbh

`bvbm

Vdlbpbhe fj`b `bhnkhelbh sbpbepbo ~dpvd`t~ ndhebh

lbakgb~ Sdpdgstbh k~t vbheb~ fbhl(Ndhebh ndvlpksvk

vdsdp nk b~bv! vdgtb jpbhe nkgthelkhlbh th~tl

gdhebg`ka ldvkgstabh bmub vk sdpdgstbh gdgkaklk

ptsb {bhe fbhl( Fbhl vd`bebk vd`tbm lb~b bnidlb-vkob~+ `kvb nkvkgstalbh vdfbpb pdabo( Fbhl `bek vdvdjpbhe

`kvb vbib gdv gdgkaklk advthe sksk~! ~d~bsk `bek {bhe abkh

nbl gdv bnb advthe sksk~ bvbalbh `dpltak~ stm( Gblb

ldltb~bh ndvlpksvk gdheb`tplbh ldvkgstabh fbhl b~bv

vd`tbm sdpvdsvk( Lbpdhb k~t! ndvlpksvk vbheb~ nk`t~tmlbh

nbabg vd`tbm lkvbm fdpsdh( Sdhndvlpksvkbh ~dpvd`t~ `kvb

sbnb ~jljm -jpbhe b~bt mdubh+! `kvb stab sbnb `dhnb'

`dhnb abkhh{b {bhe gdhibnk spjsdp nbabg ~dlv fdpk~b(

Vdabhit~h{b! sbpbepbo hbpbvk vdpkhe gdhnjgkhbvk

sdhfdpk~bbh! vd`b` hbpbvk vdhnkpk gdgkaklk gblhb fdpk~b(

Ldakmbkbh gdheethblbh lb~b'lb~b nbabg dphbpbvk

gdhibnk lpdbk~bv ~dpvdhnkpk( Nbpk vkhk ldgtnkbh lk~b `kvb

gdhbhelbs vad -eb{b+ vdjpbhe sdhtakv( Bnb {bhe vtlb

gdheethblbh thelbsbh'thelbsbh gd~bojpb gkvbah{b!

bnb stab {bhe vtlb `dpgbkh ndhebh vkg`ja! ~d~bsk bnb

iteb `dpfdpk~b bsb bnbh{b( Vdgtb khk vbm nkethblbh! {bhe

~dpsdhhe nbl vbgsbk gdabltlbh sdgt`bykpbh lb~b'lb~b

-sadjhbvgd+(

Gthelkh lk~b sdphbm gdhndhebp jpbhe gdhedatm

~dpmbnbs vd`tbm fdpk~b vdvdjpbhe ndhebh vd`t~bh

ebpkhe b~bt ~dpabat nk`tb~'nk`tb~( Mba khk kbvbh{b ~dpibnk

lbpdhb sbhnbhebh ~dpmbnbs vdhk vbv~pb nbabg fdpsdh

gdv `dpgbkh lb~b vdmkheeb gdhkg`talbh ldidhtmbh

gblhb {bhe mdhnbl nkthelbslbh( @dpgbkh lb~b {bhe

gdhembpbslbh vdhk `dplkvbm `tlbh `dpbp gdv

gdgsdp`bh{bl vkg`ta stkv( Kheb~! Bhnb vdnbhe gdhtakv


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GjnTA @DabIbP 20=


fdpsdh! `tlbh stkvk( Iklb vdbs lb~b nbabg vd`tbm stkvk

fdhndpthe gdublkak gblhb bg`ketk~bv! nbabg fdpsdh

tvbmblbh nkmkhnbpk bg`ketk~bv lb~b( Fdpsdh vdvtheetmh{b

gdhekvbmlbh bsb bnbh{b ndhebh sdhetbvbbh nklvk {bhe

gdgbnbk! nbl sdpat ~dpabat gtatl ndhebh vkg`ja!nbh bl `dp~dad'~dad( Vd`bebk vd`tbm fdpk~b {bhe nbsb~

nkbhelb~ nbpk sdhebabgbh h{b~b! lkvbm abljh nbabg fdpsdh

nk~takv vdsdp bsb bnbh{b nk babg h{b~b! ldftbak Bhnb

vdnbhe gdhtakv fdpsdh vtpdbakv -th~tl idhkv fdpsdh khk lk~b

`kfbpblbh nk abkh ldvdgsb~bh iklb ubl~t gdhekykhlbh+(

Sbpbepbo abkhh{b {bhe nbsb~ nksblbk nbabg gdhtakv

fdpsdh bnbabm bpetgdh~bvk -sdhnbsb~+( Hbgth! nbabg

sdhethelbsbh bpetgdh! sdhtakv fdpsdh gdv nbsb~gdgkabm nkpkh{b vd`bebk ~jljm b~bt vd`bebk hbpb~jp(

Ldhfdhndpthebh khk `kvbh{b gdhkg`talbh fdpsdh {bhe

gdheetptk( Vd`bebk vd`tbm lbp{b vbv~pb! fdpsdh tlbhabm

~dlv sknb~j {bhe nbl gdv gdg`dpklbh hbvkmb~

gdheetptk( Gdg`dpklbh ld`d`bvbh ldsbnb sdg`bfb

nbabg gdg`dpk sdhbovkpbh ~dpmbnbs lkvbm nbabg fdpsdh

blbh gdg`tb~ fdpsdh k~t `dpnklbpk( Vd`bebk vd`tbm

lbp{b {bhe nk~titlbh ldsbnb st`akl! khk gdhibnk sdhhe(

Gdgbhe nkbltk `bh{bl sdhtakv fdpsdh -fdpsdhkv+ vtak~

gdgkabm nkpk vd`bebk hbpb~jp b~bt vd`bebk ~jljm( Bsbabek!

~dpmbnbs fdpk~b {bhe gdheethblbh ~jljm Blt akpkl(

Hbgth! nk vkhkabm ad~bl lpdbk~bv ~dpvd`t~ vdmkheeb fdpk~b

nbsb~ `dpibabh gdhebakp vdsdp ldkhekhbh ~jljm nbabg

fdpk~b! `tlbh ldkhekhbh sdhtakv(

Nbabg lbk~bh ~dpvd`t~! thelbsbh*sbpbepbo sdpvtbvko

vd`bh{bl gthelkh gdv nkmkhnbpk( Ad`km `bkl

gdheethblbh sbpbepbo dlvsjvkvk nbpksbnb sdpvtbvko {bhe

blbh gdhid`bl sdhtakv gdhibnk lmb` nbabg lbp{b(

gdhedhbak @bekbh@bekbh Fdpsdh

Vd`bebk vd`tbm fdpk~b sdhndl {bhe ldgtnkbh nkhbgblbh

fdpsdh! lkvbm nk nbabgh{b vbheb~ vkhelb~! mb`kv nk`bfb

vdlbak ntntl vdmkheeb fdpsdh nkvd`t~ iteb vd`bebk lbp{b

lvk {bhe mbh{b gdhfdpk~blbh vb~t sjljl gbvbabm b~bt

sdpvjbabh( Gblvtn vb~t sjljl gbvbabm bnbabm sth{b

vb~t ljhkl(


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[bhe nkgblvtn ndhebh ljhkl bnbabm sdpvjbabh( Ljhkl

nbabg fdpsdh nbsb~ ~dpibnk vdfbpb abmkp b~bt vdfbpb `bh(

Ljhkl abmkp gdptsblbh sdpvjbabh {bhe ~dpibnk nk atbp nkpk

vk ~jljm! kbvbh{b ndhebh gdhembnkplbh ~jljm abkhh{b(

Ljhkl `bh bnbabm sdpvjbabh {bhe ~dpibnk nbh nkbabgknbabg nkpk vk ~jljm( Ljhkl nkgblvtn `kvb `dptsb ~dlbhbh

`bh! ldedakvbmbh! ntlb gdhnbabg! nbh vdidhkvh{b(

Ndhebh ndgklkbh! nbsb~ nkvkgstalbh `bmub `bekbh

~dpsdhhe nbabg vd`tbm fdpsdh bnbabm ~jljm! nkvtvta

ljhkl( ^bl gthelkh vd`tbm fdpk~b nbsb~ ~dpibnk ~bhsb bnb

{bhe gdhebabgk( Sdhebabgbh {bhe nbl gdabatk gbvbabm

nbl blbh gdhbpkl sdhndhebp b~bt sdg`bfb( Lbpdhbh{b!

ntb mba khk -~jljm nbh ljhkl+ gdhibnk `bekbh ~dpsdhhe

nbabg vd`tbm fdpsdh! {bhe nbabg hjda ljhkl ~dpvd`t~`kvb ad`km nbpk vb~t(

@bekbh abkhh{b {bhe ~dpnbsb~ nbabg fdpsdh bnbabm batp

b~bt ibabh fdpk~b( Batp nbsb~ ~dpibnk nbpk ntb vkvkbatp

gbit b~bt batp gthntp( Batp gbit `dpbp fdpk~b `dpedpbl

ld ndsbh ~dptv( Vdnbhelbh batp gthntp lkvbm `dptsb

bvm`bfl! gdhekheb~ ldibnkbh {bhe ~dabm sdphbm

nkadub vk ~jljm( Gkvbalbh vk ~jljm {bhe vtnbm ndubvb

gdhfdpk~blbh ldibnkbh vbb~ nkpkh{b gbvkm lbhbl'lbhbl(

@bekbh vdabhit~h{b {bhe blbh gdhntlthe fdpk~b nbabg

fdpsdh bnbabm vdhe b~bt ~dgsb~ ldibnkbh b~bt ajlbvk

`dpabhevtheh{b fdpk~b nbabg fdpsdh ~dpvd`t~( ^dgsb~

ldibnkbh khk `kvb nkebg`bplbh b~bt nkvd`t~lbh vdsdp

hbgb'hbgb ~dgsb~ vtheetmbh -`dhbp'`dhbp bnb+! kbvb

stab mbh{b vdldnbp ~dgsb~ pdlbbh! {bhe mbh{b bnb nbabg

fdpsdh {bhe nkfdpk~blbh(

Mba `dpklt~h{b {bhe `kbvb bnb nbabg fdpsdh bnbabm~dgb nbh bgbhb~*hbvkmb~( Ntb mba khk `kbvbh{b gdhibnk

ukab{bm ldpib sdg`bfb*sdhklgb~*sdhelpkv lbp{b vbv~pb(

@bek sdhtakv! nbl tvbm ntat `dpsklkp ~dgb! bgbhb~! b~bt

hbvkmb~ bsb {bhe blbh nkvbgsbklbh gdabatk fdpsdh {bhe

blbh nk~takv! ldftbak gdgbhe sdpgkh~bbh {bhe kbvbh{b

bnb nbabg ajg`b( Sdhtakv ftlts gdhtakv vbib fdpk~b

vdsdp bnbh{b( Ldgtnkbh! vdpbmlbh ldsbnb sdg`bfb

{bhe blbh gdhbhelbs nbh gdg`dpk sdhkabkbh ~dpmbnbs

~dgb! bgbhb~! nbh sdvbh nbabg fdpsdh nkgblvtn( Bph{b!


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gdabltlbh sdgd~bbh sdgklkpbh blbh gdhtakv fdpsdh

~dh~bhe bsb! f

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