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8/2/2019 Module no 4
1/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
C`n{zi| :$>
BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA
>$ Jiebdi Bduidzg|r ndj Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga7
Nds= BDUIDZG\R ndj BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA
BDUIDZG\R
Bduidzg|r bs jiznbaij absz ge z`gsi hgunlai bzihs v`bc` n|i dicissn|r zg
hndyenczy|i n {|gjycz ndj hnbdznbd z`i i~yb{hidz ndj hnc`bdi|r bd
fggj vg|obdf g|ji|$
BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA
>$ Bduidzg|r CGDZ\GA bs z`i zic`db~yis ge hnbdznbd z`i sb}i ge z`ibduidzg|r nz sghi jisb|ij aiuia oii{bdf bd z`i ubiv z`i lisz icgdghbc
bdzi|isz gee nd g|fndb}nzbgd$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
2/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3$ Absz jgvd z`i un|bgys zr{is ge bduidzg|bis ysij bd bdjysz|r7
Nds=CGH[GDIDZS GE BDUIDZG\BIS
Bduidzg|r cgdsbsz ge z`i egaagvbdf
>$ \nv hnzi|bna
\nv hnzi|bna bs z`i lnsbc bd{yz fiz cgdui|zij bdzg gyz{yz$
Ipnh{ai= Vggj bs z`i lnsbc hnzi|bna eg| ey|dbzy|i eg| ey|dbzy|i hnobdf$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
3/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
9$ V`nz jg rgy odgv nlgyz z`i Bduidzg|r cgsz |ianzbgds`b{7
Nds= BDUIDZG\R CGSZ \IANZBGDS@B[
Z`i|i n|i zvg zr{is ge hnmg| cgsz |ianzij zg z`i bduidzg|r
>$ Cgsz nssgcbnzij vbz` bduidzg|r$
$ [y|c`nsi {|bci
Bz bs n ui|r bh{g|zndz cgsz v`bc` bs ip{|issij bd z`i zi|hs ge ydbz {|bci$
Bz bs n ui|r ysieya v`id {|bci jbscgydz n|i geei|ij$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
4/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
L$ BDUIDZG\R CN\\RBDF @GAJBDF CGSZ
>$ Z`isi n|i cgsz nssgcbnzij vbz `gajbdf fbuid aiuia ge bduidzg|r$
;) zg :;)$Z`i lidiebzs ge bduidzg|r cgdz|ga n|i
>$ Bh{|guihidz bd cyszghi| |ianzbgds`b{ licnysi ge z`i zbhiar jiabui|r
gee fggjs ndj si|ubcis$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
5/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
6$ Ip{anbd sghi ^ynabzr szndjn|js ge Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga
Nds= ^YNABZR SZNDJN\JS GE BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA
Ebfy|i= ^ynabzr szndjn|js ge Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga
>$ Hnpbhyh aiuia ge bduidzg|r
Bz |i{|isidzs z`i y{{i| abhbz lirgdj v`bc` z`i ~yndzbzr ge ndr bzih bs dgz
dg|hnaar naagvij zg |bsi$
Zg idsy|i z`nz yddicissn|r vg|obdf cn{bzna bs dgz lagcoij bd szg|is$
Hnpbhyh Szgco 8|icg|ji| aiuia / |icg|ji| ~yndzbzr hbdbhyh
cgdsyh{zbgd
8/2/2019 Module no 4
6/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
:$ \icg|ji| aiuia
\ig|ji| aiuia bs ebpij lizviid z`i hbdbhyh ndj hnpbhyh aiuia$
Bz |i{|isidzs z`i aiuia g| {gbdz nz v`bc` z`i |i{aidbs`hidz nczbgd bs
bdbzbnzij$
\ig|ji| aiuia 8 ainj zbhi /sneizr szgco
9$ Ainj zbhi
n$ Bz bs z`i zbhi fn{ lizviid ge nd g|ji| ndj zbhi ge nczyna sy{{ar
l$ Bz bs cgh{gsij ge z`|ii cgh{gdidz
Ainj zbhi 8 si|ubcbdf zbhi /jiabui|r zbhi /|icibubdf zbhi
Hgjyai Dg ;: 5 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
7/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
0$ Absz z`i Bduidzg|r cgdz|ga zi|hbdgagfr7
Nds= BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA ZI\HBDGAGFR
>$ Jihndj
Bz bs z`i dyhli| ge bzihs ({|gjyczs" |i~yb|ij {i| ydbz ge zbhi$
Z`i jihndj hnr li ibz`i| jizi|hbdbszbc g| {|glnlbabszbc bd dnzy|i$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
8/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
6$ \ig|ji| ~yndzbzr
Z`bs bs z`i ~yndzbzr ge hnzi|bna (bzihs" zg li g|ji|ij nz z`i |ig|ji|
aiuia$
Dg|hnaar z`bs ~yndzbzr i~ynas zg z`i icgdghbc g|ji| ~yndzbzr$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 0 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
9/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
0$ V|bzi jgvd z`i eg|hyan ge IG^ eg| hgjia vbz` ydbeg|h jihndj$
Ip{anbd z`i hindbdf ge inc` zi|h ysij z`i|i bd7 Sznzi z`i
nssyh{zbgd hnji eg| ji|bubdf z`i eg|hyans7
Nds= ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR (IG^"
>" Bz bs z`i ~yndzbzr v bc` {i|hbzs agv cgsz {i| ydbz$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
10/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
2$ Ip{anbd IG^ vbz` ipnh{ai7
Nds=
ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR (IG^"
IG^ bs ip{anbdij lr z`i egaagvbdf ipnh{ai
Aiz
~ 8 icgdghbc agz sb}i g| IG^
c 8 cgsz eg| > bzih
b8 cgsz ge cn||rbdf bduidzg|r bd ) {i| {i|bgj$
{8{|gcy|ihidz cgsz nssgcbnzij vbz` gdi g|ji|$
y8 zgzna ~ynabzr ysij {i| {i|bgj$
n$ Zgzna {|gcy|ihidz cgsz8 Dg ge {y|c`nsij g|ji| {ancij bd n {in| p cgsz
bdugauij bd gdi {y|c`nsi
Hgjyai Dg ;: >; Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
11/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
l$ Nui|nfi nddyna bduidzg|r8~'> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
12/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
2= Ji|bui z`i |ianzbgd eg| ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR IG^7
Nds= ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR IG^
ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR! IG^ bs z`nz g|ji| v`bc` vbaa hbdbhb}i z`i zgzna
un|bnlai cgsz ge hndnfbdf bduidzg|r$
HIZ@GJS GE CNACYANZBDF GE IG^
Nssyhbdf z`nz z`i bduidzg|r jic|insis nz n cgdszndz |nzi e|gh z`i g|ji| ~ynabzr ~
zg }i|g ndj z`id |i{aidbs`ij lr ndgz`i| ~yndzbzr$
Srhlgas ysij=
Aiz!
S 8nddyna cgdsyh{zbgd ge z`i {|gjycz (ydbzs"
C; 8 Cgsz ge {ancbdf nd g|ji|$
Cy 8 Ydbz cgsz ge nd bzih (ydbz {|bci \s"
~ 8 g|ji| ~yndzbzr (ydbzs"
B 8 bdzi|iszs |nzi c`n|fij {| ydbz {i| rin|
Dgv!
Z`i zgzna un|bnlai cgsz ge hndnfbdf z`i bduidzg|r {i| rin|8 Nddyna g|ji|bdf cgsz/
Nddyna cgsz ge cn||rbdf Bduidzg|r 8 I
Hgjyai Dg ;: >< Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
13/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Zg jizi|hbdi Icgdghbc G|ji| ~yndzbzr (~G" z`nz hbdbhb}ij z`i zgzna cgsz ge
hndnfbdf z`i bduidzg|r! vi hysz jbeei|idzbnzi I vbz` |is{icz zg jicbsbgd
un|bnlai ~ ndj siz z`i eb|sz ji|bunzbui zg }i|g b$i eg| hbdbhyh
Hgjyai Dg ;: >3 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
14/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>;= Bduidzg|r bs n dicissn|r iuba Cghhidz7
Nds=Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga=
Bduidzg|r cgdz|ga hinds hnobdf z`i jisb|ij bzih ge |i~yb|ij ~yndzbzr
nunbanlai zg un|bgys ji{n|zhidzs v`id diijij$ Zgg hyc` bduidzg|r
c|inzij n {|glaih ge z`ib| szg|nfi! `yfi bduiszhidz ndj z`i hnbdzidndci
ge szg|ij bzihs e|gh jizi|bg|nzbgd! {baei|nfi! jnhnfi izc$
@gviui| $agv bduidzg|r ainjs g c`ndci ge szg{{nfi ge {|gjyczbgd bdc|insi
bd gui|`injs ndj jbs|y{zbgd bd {|gjyczbgd sc`ijyais ndj jiabui|r
{|ghbsis$
Z`i|ieg|i! g{zbhyh nhgydz ge bduidzg|r s`gyaj li hnbdznbdij bd szg|is$
Iui|r eb|h hysz hnbdznbd nji~ynzi szgco ge bduidzg|bis eg| z`i egaagvbdf
|insgds=
6$ Zg idsy|i nfnbdsz jianrs bd Jiabui|bis=
V`id nd g|ji| bs {ancis eg| e|is` szgco! z`i hnzi|bnas n|i dgz
bhhijbnziar nunbanlai lyz sghizbhi ian{sis lieg|i bz n||buis$
Z`bs {i|bgj lizviid z`i zbhi ge {ancbdf z`i g|ji| ndj zbhi ge szgco
n||buna bs gezid sylmiczij zg un|bnzbgds$
N eb|h hysz z`i|ieg|i `gaj sghi |iui|si szgco zg agv {|gjyczbgd
g{i|nzbgds zg cgdzbdyi bz jianr bd {|gcy|ihidz gccy|s$
0$ Zg idsy|i nfnbdsz jianrs bd Jiabui|bis=
C`ndfi bd hndyenczy|bdf {|gf|nhhi hnr gccy| licnysi ge z`i
un|bnzbgd bd z`i jihndj$
Zg hiiz z`i bdc|insij jihndj ge z`i ebdbs`ij fggjs! z`i cgh{ndr
s`gyaj `nui idgyf` szgco g| bduidzg|bis sg ns zg naagv {|gjyczbgd
vbz`gyz bdzi|ei|idci$
2$ Zg idsy|i nfnbdsz jianrs bd Jiabui|bis=
V`id n cgh{ndr `ns abzzai bduidzg|r ndj |yd gyz ge szgco! szgco gyz ge
issidzbna hnzi|bna hinds bdzi||y{zbgd bd {|gjyczbgd v`bc` |nbsis z`i
cgsz ge {|gjyczbgd$
Hgjyai Dg ;: >: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
15/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>;$Zg oii{ lizzi| Cyszghi| |ianzbgds =
Szgco gyz hinds szg{{nfi g| bdzi||y{zbgds bd {|gjyczbgd! z`i|ieg|i bz
hnr jianr |i jiabui|r ge ebdbs`ij fggjs zg z`i cyszghi|$
Nezi| n eiv syc` jianrs iuid n hgsz {nzbidz cyszghi| vbaa szn|z aggobdf
eg| sy{{abi| v`g vbaa fbui `bh lizzi| si|ubcis$
>>$Zg znoi njundznfi ge ^yndzbzr Jbscgydzs=
Hnzi|bna ndj cgh{gdidzs hnr li c`in{i| v`id {y|c`nsij bd an|fi
~yndzbzbis gvbdf zg an|fi| jbscgydzs ndj agvi| z|nds{g|znzbgd cgszs$
Ey|z`i|hg|i! {n{i| vg|o ndj bds{iczbgd ge bdcghbdf hnzi|bna n|i nasg
sbh{abebij v`id an|fi| ~yndzbzbis$
>$ Z`i|i bs dg s`g|znfi ge hnzi|bnas nz ndr sznfi ge {|gjyczbgd$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
16/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>>= Jisc|bli z`i un|bgys g|ji| anydc`bdf bduidzg|r cgdz|ga srszihs7
>$ Nds=N {|glaih v bc` navnrs |ihnbds bs z`nz `gv hyc` hnzi|bna hnr li g|ji|ij
nz nbhij$Nd icgdghbc g|ji| ~yndzbzr bs gdi v`bc` {i|hbzs z`i agvisz cgsz {i|
ydbz ndj bs hgsz njundznfigys$
5 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
17/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>>= Sznzi z`i |insgd eg| oii{bdf z`i Bduidzg|bis7
Sgayzbgd=
\INSGDS EG\ OII[BDF BDUIDZG\BIS
>$ Zg sznlbab}i {|gjyczbgd=
Z`i jihndj eg| nd bzih eayczynzis licnysi ge z`i dyhli| ge enczg|s! i$f$!
sinsgdnabzr! {|gjyczbgd sc`ijyai izc$ Z`i bduidzg|bis (|nv hnzi|bnas ndj
cgh{gdidzs" s`gyaj li hnji nunbanlai zg z`i {|gjyczbgd ns {i| z`i jihndj
enbabdf v`bc` |isyazs bd szgco gyz ndj z`i {|gjyczbgd szg{{nfi znois {anci eg|
vndz ge hnzi|bnas$ @idci! z`i bduidzg|r bs oi{z zg znoi cn|i ge z`bs eayczynzbgd
sg z`nz z`i {|gjyczbgd bs shggz`$
;;
{i| cidz si|ubci aiuia! hinds z`ir cnddgz neeg|j zg hbss z`i jiabui|r
sc`ijyai v`bc` hnr |isyaz bd agss ge snais$
Zg nugbj z`i g|fndb}nzbgds `nui zg hnbdznbd bduidzg|r$
Hgjyai Dg ;: >6 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
18/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
9$ Zg oii{ {nci vbz` c`ndfbdf hn|oiz cgdjbzbgds=
Z`i g|fndb}nzbgds `nui zg ndzbcb{nzi z`i c`ndfbdf hn|oiz sidzbhidzs ndj
z`ir `nui zg szgco hnzi|bnas bd ndzbcb{nzbgd ge dgdnunbanlbabzr ge hnzi|bnas g|
syjjid bdc|insi bd {|bcis$
Sghizbhis z`i g|fndb}nzbgds `nui zg szgco hnzi|bnas jyi zg gz`i| |insgds
aboi sy{{abi|s hbdbhyh ~yndzbzr cgdjbzbgd! sinsgdna nunbanlbabzr ge hnzi|bnas
g| syjjid bdc|insi bd {|bcis$
Hgjyai Dg ;: >0 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
19/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>>= Ip{anbd z`i zic`db~yis ge Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga7
Sgayzbgd=
ZIC@DB^YIS GE BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA
Bd ndr g|fndb}nzbgd! ji{idjbdf gd z`i zr{i ge lysbdiss! bduidzg|r bs hnbdznbdij$
V`id z`i dyhli| ge bzihs bd bduidzg|r bs an|fi ndj z`id an|fi nhgydz ge hgdir
bs diijij zg c|inzi syc` bduidzg|r! bz licghis z`i cgdci|d ge z`i hndnfihidz
zg `nui n {|g{i| cgdz|ga gui| bzs g|ji|bdf! {|gcy|ihidz! hnbdzidndci ndj
cgdsyh{zbgd$
Z`i cgdz|ga cnd li eg| g|ji| ~ynabzr ndj g|ji| e|i~yidcr$
Z`i jbeei|idz zic`db~yis ge bduidzg|r cgdz|ga n|i=
>$ NLC ndnarsbs!
2 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
20/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ NLC ndnarsbs=
n$ Bd z`bs ndnarsbs! z`i canssbebcnzbgd ge ipbszbdf bduidzg|r bs lnsij gd nddyna
cgdsyh{zbgd ndj z`i nddyna unayi ge z`i bzihs$
l$ @idci vi glznbd z`i ~yndzbzr ge bduidzg|r bzih cgdsyhij jy|bdf z`i rin|
ndj hyazb{ar bz lr ydbz cgsz zg glznbd nddyna ysnfi cgsz$
c$ Z`i bzihs n|i z id n||ndfij bd z`i jiscidjbdf g|ji| ge syc` nddyna
ysnfi cgsz$
j$ Z`i ndnarsbs bs cn||bij gyz lr j|nvbdf n f|n{` lnsij gd z`i cyhyanzbui
dyhli| ge bzihs ndj cyhyanzbui ysnfi ge cgdsyh{zbgd cgsz$ Canssbebcnzbgd
bs jgdi ns egaagvs=
Cnzifg|r [i|cidznfi ge bzihs [i|cidznfi ge nddyna
cgdsyh{zbgd unayi
N >;
8/2/2019 Module no 4
21/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Z`i canssbebcnzbgd ge NLC ndnarsbs bs s`gvd lr z`i f|n{` fbuid ns egaagvs
Gdci NLC canssbebcnzbgd `ns liid nc`biuij! z`i {gabcr cgdz|ga cnd lieg|hyanzij ns egaagvs=
NBzih= Ui|r zbf`z cgdz|ga! z`i bzihs libdf ge `bf` unayi$ Z`i cgdz|ga diij liipi|cbsij nz `bf`i| aiuia ge nyz`g|bzr$
LBzih= Hgji|nzi cgdz|ga! z`i bzihs libdf ge hgji|nzi unayi$ Z`i cgdz|ga diijli ipi|cbsij nz hbjjai aiuia ge nyz`g|bzr$
CBzih= Z`i bzihs libdf ge agv unayi! z`i cgdz|ga cnd li ipi|cbsij nz f|gss |ggzaiuia ge nyz`g|bzr! b$i$! lr |is{iczbui ysi| ji{n|zhidz hndnfi|s$
Hgjyai Dg ;: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
22/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
C`n{zi| Dg :$" S`g|z dgzis
n$ anrgyz jisbfd zic`db~yisl$ Cgh{yzi| {nconfis eg| anrgyz ndnarsbs$
c$ [andz anrgyz
Hgjyai Dg ;:
8/2/2019 Module no 4
23/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
;h
>$ Jiebdi [andz anrgyz7 V`nz n|i jbeei|idz zr{is ge anrgyz ysij bd bdjysz|r7
Fbui sybznlai ipnh{ai ge inc`7
Nds= [ANDZ ANRGYZ
[andz anrgyz bs jiebdij ns zic`db~yis ge agcnzbdf jbeei|idz hnc`bdis
ndj encbabzbis aboi {i|sgd! szg|nfi s{nci! hnzi|bna `ndjabdf i~yb{hidz ndj naa
gz`i| sy{{g|zbdf si|ubcis vbz`bd bd z`i enczg|r sg ns zg fiz hnpbhyh gyz{yz
vbz` jisb|ij ~ynabzr nz agvisz {gssblai cgsz$
ZR[IS GE [ANDZ ANRGYZ BD BDJYSZ\R
Z`i un|bgys {andz anrgyz n|i ysij bd z`i bdjysz|r n|i
Hgjyai Dg ;:
8/2/2019 Module no 4
24/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ [|gjycz anrgyz
Ipnh{ai= Syfn| {andz! lgzzabdf Bdjysz|r
8/2/2019 Module no 4
25/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
:$ [|gubji vg|ohnd sneizr! cgduidbidci ndj cgheg|z$
9$ Hbdbhb}nzbgd ge hnzi|bna ndjabdf ndj hndyenczy|bdf crcai zbhi$
3$ Sznzi z`i srh{zghs ge Lnj [andz Anrgyz7
Nds= Srh{zghs ge Lnj {andz anrgyz
Z`i srh{zgh ge lnj {andz anrgyz n|i ns egaagvs=
>$ Agdf z|nds{g|znzbgd abdis
$ [|bdcb{ais ge gui|naa bdzif|nzbgd
N fggj anrgyz bs gdi z`nz bdzif|nzis hid! hnzi|bnas! hnc`bdis! si|ubcis bd
syc` n vnr z`nz z`i lisz cgh{|bsi bs glznbdij$
8/2/2019 Module no 4
26/99
Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
N fggj anrgyz bs gdi bd v bc` z`i zgzna jbszndci z|nuiaaij lr hid ndj
hnzi|bna bs hbdbhyh$
Sz|nbf`z abdi hguihidzs n|i {|iei||ij$
3$ [|bdcb{ais ge eagv
N fggj anrgyz bs gdi z`nz hnois z`i hnzi|bna hguis gdar bd eg|vn|j
jb|iczbgd zgvn|js z`i cgh{aizbgd sznfi vbz`gyz lncoz|ncobdf$
:$ [|bdcb{ais ge cylbc s{nci
N fggj anrgyz bs gdi z`nz hnoi ieeiczbui yzbab}nzbgd ge nunbanlai s{nci bd
z`|ii jbhidsbgd b$i$ aidfz`! l|injz` ndj `ibf`z$
9$ [|bdcb{ai ge snzbsenczbgd ndj sneizr
Z`bs {|bdcb{ai cgdsbji|s vg|oi|s sneizr ndj snzbsenczbgd ndj {|gziczbdf z`i
{andz ndj hnc`bdi|r nfnbdsz z`i eb|i! z`iez izc$
5$ [|bdcb{ais ge eaipblbabzr$
Z`i {andz hysz li eaipblai zg nlsg|l dicissn|r c`ndfis v`idiui|
|i~yb|ij vbz`gyz cgdsyhbdf hyc` cgsz ndj zbhi$
9$ V`nz n|i z`i zic`db~yis ysij bd [andz Anrgyz7 Ip{anbd ndr zvg
G\
Sznzi z`i {andz anrgyz zic`db~yis ysij bd ndj ip{anbd ndr gdi ge z`ih7
Nds=
ZGGAS NDJ ZIC@DB^YIS YSIJ BD [ANDZ ANRGYZ
Z`i un|bgys zggas ndj zic`db~yis ysij bd {andz anrgyz {anddbdf n|i
>$ G{i|nzbgdna {|gciss c`n|z$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
9$ Zih{anzis
5$ Z`|ii jbhidsbgdna hgjias$
6$ \ianzbgds b{ c`n|z (\IA"
\ianzbgds`b{ c`n|z (\IA"
>$ Z`i |ianzbgds b{ c`n|z bs jiuiag{ij lr \GLI\ HYZ@I\$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
9$ Inc` lagco bd z`i c`n|z s`gis z`i |ianzbgds`b{ lizviid z`i zvg
vg|osznzbgds ndj |nzbdf bs fbuid bd z`i njmncidz znlais$
Unayi CagsidissN Nlsgayzi Issidzbna
I IssidzbnaB Bh{g|zndzG G|jbdn|rY Ydbh{g|zndzP Dgz jisb|nlai
v`i|i >! $ N z|nuia c`n|z bs n znlyan| |icg|j eg| {|isidzbdf ~yndzbznzbui jnzn nlgyz z i
hguihidz ge z`i vg|oi|s! hnzi|bna g| i~yb{hidz lizviid ndr dyhli|s ge
{ancis gui| n fbuid {i|bgj ge zbhi$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Njundznfis
>$ Bz bs n ysieya zgga eg| hguihidz ndnarsbs$
$ Ji{n|zhidz g| vg|o cidz|is n|i abszij lgz` |gv vbsi ndj cgayhvbsi bd
z`i snhi si~yidci$
$ Bz bs hgjbebcnzbgd ge z`i zih{anzi hgjia$ @i|i bd {anci ge zih{anzis!3
jbhidsbgdna scnai hgjias ge vg|osznzbgd ndj gz`i| encbabzbis n|i {|i{n|ij
ndj n|i {ancij gd z`i enczg|r {and nz sybznlai {ancis$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
5$ S`g|z dgzis gd Zr{is ge [andz Anrgyz7 Ip{anbd ndr zvg
Nds= [ANDZ ANRGYZ
[andz anrgyz bs jiebdij ns zic`db~yis ge agcnzbdf jbeei|idz hnc`bdis
ndj encbabzbis aboi {i|sgd! szg|nfi s{nci! hnzi|bna `ndjabdf i~yb{hidz ndj naa
gz`i| sy{{g|zbdf si|ubcis vbz`bd bd z`i enczg|r sg ns zg fiz hnpbhyh gyz{yz
vbz` jisb|ij ~ynabzr nz agvisz {gssblai cgsz$
ZR[IS GE [ANDZ ANRGYZ BD BDJYSZ\R
Z`i un|bgys {andz anrgyz n|i ysij bd z`i bdjysz|r n|i
>$ [|gjycz anrgyz
Ipnh{ai= Syfn| {andz! lgzzabdf Bdjysz|r
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3$ Ebpij {gsbzbgd anrgyz
Ipnh{ai= S`b{ Lybajbdf Bdjysz|r! Nb| c|nez {|gjyczbgd$
>$ [|gjycz anrgyz
n$ Bz bs nasg odgvd ns abdi anrgyz$ Bz bs ysij bd hnss {|gjyczbgd$
l$ Bd z`bs anrgyz! naa dicissn|r hnc`bdi|r ndj i~yb{hidz n|i siz gyz bd snhi
n|i bd z`i si~yidci ge hndyenczy|bdf {|gciss$
c$ Z`bs anrgyz bs ysij v`id z`i|i bs bf` jihndj ge gdi g| siui|na {|gjycz$
Ipnh{ai= Syfn| {andz! lgzzabdf Bdjysz|r! Nyzghglbai ndj ZU sizs$
Ebfy|i= [|gjycz Anrgyz
Njundznfi
Hgjyai Dg ;: 3> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
n$ Agv cgsz {i| ydbz
l$ Lizzi| ysi ge cylbc s{nci$
c$ Vg|o bd n {|gciss bs bf`$
j$ Bz diijs aiss sobaaij vg|oi|s$
i$ [|gjyczbgd crcai {i| ydbz zbhi bs agv$
Jbsnjundznfi
n$ Hnc`bdis n|i dgz ysij zg eyaa cn{ncbzr$
l$ Aiss eaipblbabzr$
c$ @bf` cn{bzna bduiszhidz jyi zg S[H$
j$ Snhi obdj ge vg|o hnois z`i vg|oi| eiia lg|ijgh ndj hgdzgys$
i$ Eg| ip{ndsbgd {y|{gsi bs dgz {gssblai zg njj hnc`bdis
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
n$ [|gciss anrgyz hnois z`i lisz ysi ge hnd ndj hnc bdis$
l$ Agz ge eaipblbabzr$
c$ Agv cn{bzna bduiszhidz jyi zg F[H$
j$ Un|bizr ge mgl hnois z`i mgl c`naaidfbdf ndj bdzi|iszbdf eg| vg|oi|s$
i$ Eg| ip{ndsbgd {y|{gsi! bz bs {gssblai zg njj hg|i hnc`bdis$
Jbsnjundznfi
n$ @bf` cgsz {i| ydbz$
l$ [gg| ysi ge nunbanlai s{nci
c$ Vg|o bd {|gciss bs agv$
j$ Bz diijs s{icbnaar sobaaij vg|oi|s$
i$ [|gjyczbgd crcai zbhi bs {i| ydbz bs hg|i$
3$ Ebpij [gsbzbgd anrgyz
n$Bz bs ysij eg| z`i {|gjyczs v`bc` n|i ui|r hnssbui$
l$ Bz bs ui|r bdcgduidbidz g| bz bs dgz jisb|nlai zg hgui z`ih
c$ Bd ebpij {gsbzbgd anrgyz! z`i vg|os |ihnbds bd ebpij {gsbzbgds$
j$ Z`i hnc`bdis! hnzi|bna! i~yb{hidz ndj vg|oi|s n|i diijij eg|
{|gjyczbgds n|i l|gyf`z zg z`i sbzi ge z`i vg|oi|s$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 33 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Ebfy|i= Ebpij [gsbzbgd Anrgyz
Ipnh{ai= S`b{ Lybajbdf Bdjysz|r! Nb| c|nez {|gjyczbgd! Nssihlar g{i|nzbgd
Bdjysz|r!
Njundznfi
n$ Cn{bzna bduiszhidz bd z`i {andz anrgyz bs hbdbhyh$
l$ @bf`i| eaipblbabzr$
c$ Ieeiczbui ysij ge sobaaij vg|oi|s$
j$ Bz bs insr zg hinsy|i z`i {|gf|iss ge vg|o
i$ Z`i vg|oi| bjidzber z`ihsiauis vbz` n {|gjycz bd v`bc` z`ir zggo bdzi|isz
ndj {|bji bd jgbdf mgl$$
6$ Jisc|bli z`i {|gcijy|na szi{ bdugauij bd hnobdf n {andz anrgyz7
Nds= [ANDZ ANRGYZ [\CGIJY\I
N szi{ lr szi{ {|gcijy|i eg| {anddbdf g| jisbfdbdf n {andz anrgyz bs
fbuid liagv$
>$ Cgaaicz z`i jnzn |ifn|jbdf z`i {|gjycz! {|gciss izc ndj |icg|j z`i jnzn
srszihnzbcnaar$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 3: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
;$C`ico z`i ebdna anrgyz ndj {|i{n|i hnszi| anrgyz$
>>$[|isidz z`i anrgyz zg hndnfihidz ndj fiz n{{|guna$
>3$Egaagv y{$
0$ Absz z`i enczg| zg li cgdsbji|ij v`bai jisbfdbdf anrgyz7
Nds= Z`i enczg|s cgdsbji|ij v`bai jisbfdbdf anrgyz n|i
>$ Zr{is ge Bdjysz|r
$ G{i|nzbgd {|gciss c`n|z
Bz |i{|isidzs z`i lnsbc nczbubzbis bdugauis bd {|gjycz$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 39 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Bz fbuis z`i bdeg|hnzbgd |ifn|jbdf jbszndci hguij ndj zbhi |i~yb|ij eg|
un|bgys nczbubzbis$
;$ Cgh{n|i z`i {|gjycz anrgyz ndj [|gciss Anrgyz
Nds=
Dg [|gjycz anrgyz [|gciss anrgyz
Hgjyai Dg ;: 35 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>
[|gjycz g|bidzij anrgyz [|gciss g|bidzij anrgyz
< Aiss eaipblai Hg|i eaipblai
3 Lizzi| ysi ge s{nci [gg| ysi ge s{nci
: Vg|o sznzbgds n|i n||ndfij ns {i|
si~yidci ge {|gjycz g{i|nzbgds$
Vg|o sznzbgds n|i n||ndfij
nccg|jbdf zg z`i eydczbgd$
9 @bf` cn{bzna bduiszhidz bs
diijij$
Agv cn{bzna bduiszhidz bs diijij$
5 N{{abcnlai zg z`i hnss
{|gjyczbgd$
N{{abcnlai zg z`i mgl g| lnzc`
{|gjyczbgd$
6 Vg|o bd {|gciss bs bf`$ Vg|o bd {|gciss bs agv
0 Ugayhi ge {|gjyczbgd bs bf`$ Ugayhi ge {|gjyczbgd bs agv
2
[|gjyczbgd crcai zbhi {i| ydbz bs
aiss$
[|gjyczbgd crcai zbhi {i| ydbz bs
hg|i$
>; [i| ydbz cgsz bs aiss$ [i| ydbz cgsz bs hg|i
>>$Ip{anbd z`i diij eg| fggj encbabzbis {anddbdf
Nds= Z@I DIIJ EG\ FGGJ ENCBABZBIS [ANDDBDFZ`i diij eg| fggj encbabzbis {anddbdf
>$ [andz encbabzbis bdeayidci z`i cgszs ge g{i|nzbdf ndj z i|ieg|i {|gebzs$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
9$ Encbabzbis n|i bdeaipblai (b$i$ {`rsbcnaar ebpij ndj `nui abhbzij g{{g|zydbzbis
zg li c`ndfij"$
5$ Encbabzbis n|i agdf zi|h cghhbzhidzs vbz` {|gz|nczij {i|bgjs ge ebdndcbna
|izy|d$
6$ Encbabzbis {anddbdf! jisbfd ndj cgdsz|yczbgd |i~yb|i agdf ainj zbhis$
0$ Sgydj {ands eg| bh{aihidznzbgd cnd nugbj jbs|y{zbgds bd {|gjyczbgd! ndj
jbscgdzbdybzbis eg| s`b{{bdf g| jiabui|r$
2$ G{i|nzbgds gezid {|gjyci jiz|bhidzna vnszis z`nz neeicz idzb|i
cghhydbzbis$
>;$Z`i sneizr! cgduidbidci! n{{in|ndci! ndj cgheg|z ge bdjysz|bna encbabzbis
bdeayidci z`i nzzbzyjis ge ndj z`i nlbabzr zg nzz|ncz sybznlai ih{agriis$
>>$Bdjysz|bna encbabzbis hysz li {anddij zg hiiz ndzbcb{nzij eyzy|i
|i~yb|ihidzs riz cgh{izi {|gebznlar zgjnr$
>3$Fggj {anddbdf lyrs zbhi eg| hnobdf cghhbzhidzs? bz hbdbhb}is libdf
znoid lr sy|{|bsi$
>:$ Be {ands n|i hnji! hndnfihidzs cnd |incz enszi| ndj znoi njundznfi ge
lysbdiss g{{g|zydbzbis z`nz n|bsi$
>9$Fggj {anddbdf! is{icbnaar be {|isidzij viaa ubsynaar! bs nd nbj zg glznbd
ebdndcbdf hgdbis$
>5$Z`i sbdfai hgsz bh{g|zndz cnysi ge bf` hnzi|bnas ndjabdf cgszs bs nj
`gc ip{ndsbgd ge {andz encbabzbis bd z`i nlsidci ge n sz|nzifbc sbzi
jiuiag{hidz {and$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 30 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
C`n{zi| Dg :$3
SZNZBSZBCNA ^YNABZR CGDZ\GA
>$ Cgsz ge ~ynabzr
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3$ Diij ge S^C
:$ Cgdci{z ge un|bnzbgd
9$ Cidz|na zidjidcr z`ig|ih
5$ Ncci{zndci Snh{abdf
6$ Cgdz|ga c`n|z eg| un|bnlai
0$ Cgdz|ga c`n|z eg| nzz|blyzis
2$ Z^H
S^C
>$ S`g|z dgzin$ Cgsz ge ~ynabzr ----l$ ^ynabzr ge jisbfdc$ ^ynabzr ge cgdeg|hndcij$ N^Ai$ NG^e$ AZ[Jf$ [|gciss cn{nlbabzr -- 9 h
Hgjyai Dg ;: :; Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
; h
9$ V`nz bs z`i {|gciss c`n|z7 Ip{anbd z`i un|bgys zr{is 7>;h
5$ Ip{anbd z`i jbeei|idz ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd l|bie7
6$ Jbscyss z`i BSG YNABZR szndjn|j $sznzi bzs nz ainsz ge >; canysis7
0$ Jiebdi ~ynabzr szndjn|j$Jbsccyss z`i un|bgys ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd jiznbas vbz`bzs cnysis7>;h
2$ Jiebdi cgdz|ga c`n|z7 Jbee|idz lizviid z`i un|bnlai cgdz|ga c`n|z ndjnzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z bd jiznbas vbz` ipnh{ai7
>;$Ip{anbd z`i jbeei|idz zr{i ge cgdz|ga c`n|z bd S^C
>>$Cghhidz gd cgdz|ga c`n|z ndj cgdz|ga abhbz7 Jbeei|idz lizviid z`iun|bnlai cgdz|ga c`n|z ndj nzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z 7
>3$V|bzi n dgzi gd Z^H {gabcr ndj glmiczbuis7:h
^$>= S`g|z dgzis gd Cgsz ge ^ynabzr7
Sgayzbgd=
CGSZ GE ^YNAZBR
Z`i ip{idjbzy|i bdcy||ij zg bh{|gui z`i ~ynabzr ge z`i {|gjycz bs fidi|naar
zi|hij ns Cgsz ge ^ynabzr$
Z`i cgsz ge cn||rbdf gyz z`i cgh{ndrs ~ynabzr eydczbgd b$i hiizbdf z`i
~ynabzr diijs ge z`i cyszghi|s n|i odgvd ns Cgsz ge ^ynabzr$
Hgjyai Dg ;: :> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Z`isi bdcayjis
>$ Hn|oiz |isin|c` cgsz$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Hnzi|bna s{icbebcnzbgd
[|gciss s{icbebcnzbgd
Hiz`gj ge ziszbdf
C|bzi|bn ge ncci{zndci ndj |imiczbgd$
Hiz`gj ge ysi$
9" Gdi s{icbebcnzbgd hnr g| hnr dgz li syeebcbidz zg jisc|bli z i {|gjycz$
5" Z`i s{icbebcnzbgd n|i canssbebij ns
n$ Z`i szndjn|j s{icbebcnzbgd =
Z`i szndjn|j lgjbis eg|hyanzi z`i s{icbebcnzbgd eg| szndjn|jb}nzbgd ge z`i
cgh{gdidzs$ Ipnh{ai s{icbebcnzbgd lr LBS$
l$ Cgdsyhi| s{icbebcnzbgd=
V`id LBS s{icbebcnzbgds n|i dgz nunbanlai g| dgz sybznlai eg| z`i {n|zbcyan|
cyszghi| diij! z`id cgdsyhi| s{icbebcnzbgd n|i ysij$
c$ Cgh{ndr s{icbebcnzbgds =
V`id n cgh{ndr v`bc` hndyenczy|i {|gjyci bzs gvd s{icbebcnzbgd !cnaaij ns
cgh{ndr s{icbebcnzbgds$
^$> Jisc|bli Jbeei|idz ^ynabzr S{icbebcnzbgd7
Sgayzbgd=
^ynabzr S{icbebcnzbgd
>$ ^ynabzr S{icbebcnzbgd bs z`i {|gciss zg jiebdi z`i |i~yb|ihidz ge ~ynabzr
c`n|nczi|bszbcs
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
n$ Hnzi|bna s{icbebcnzbgd
l$ [|gciss s{icbebcnzbgd
c$ Hiz`gj ge ziszbdf
j$ C|bzi|bn ge ncci{zndci ndj |imiczbgd$
i$ Hiz`gj ge ysi$
e$ [|gf|nhhis$
Diij ge S{icbebcnzbgd
>$ @ia{s z`i hndyenczy|bdf ji{n|zhidz zg jicbji v`nz ipnczar bs zg li {|gjycij$
$ Szndjn|j s{icbebcnzbgds$
$ Szndjn|j s{icbebcnzbgds$
n$ Hgsz ge z`i cgydz|bis `nui z`ib| gvd szndjn|j lgjbis$
l$ Z`isi szndjn|j lgjbis eg|hyanzi z`i s{icbebcnzbgd eg| n un|bizr ge {|gjycz$
c$ Bd Bdjbn! LBS bs Dnzbgds Szndjn|j Lgjr$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
n$ V`id z`i LBS s{icbebcnzbgds n|i dgz nunbanlai g| sybznlai eg| {n|zbcyan|
cyszghi| diijs! z`id z`i hndyenczy|i hndyenczy|is z`i {|gjycz nccg|jbdf
zg z`i cyszghi| diijs ndj s{icbebcnzbgds$
l$ Z`isi s{icbebcnzbgds n|i cnaaij Cgdsyhi| S{icbebcnzbgds$
3$ Cgh{ndr S{icbebcnzbgds$
n$ V`id z`i hndyenczy|i z`i {|gjycz nccg|jbdf gvd s{icbebcnzbgds zg sybz z`i
cyszghi| diijs! z`ir n|i cnaaij ns z`i cgh{ndr s{icbebcnzbgd$
:$ [|gciss S{icbebcnzbgds
n$ Bz bs issidzbna zg s{icber z`i {|gciss zg hndyenczy|i z`i {n|zbcyan| {|gjycz
vbz` s{icbebij ~ynabzr$
l$ Z`i {|gciss s{icbebcnzbgd eyaebaahidz bs eyaebaahidz ge z`i {|gjycz ~ynabzr$
c$ Bz bdcayjis
S{icbebcnzbgds bjidzbebcnzbgds$
Hnzi|bna |i~yb|ihidz$
Si~yidci ge g{i|nzbgd$
[|gciss s`iiz
[|gciss cgdjbzbgd (zih{!{|issy|i ndj `yhbjbzr"
Bds{iczbgd ndj ziszbdf szndjn|js$
9$ Zisz S{icbebcnzbgds$
Z`i zisz s{icbebcnzbgds bdcayjis
n$ Z`i un|bgys s{icbebcnzbgds nlgyz z i ziszbdf hiz`gjs$
l$ Bdsz|yhidz ndj ziszbdf i~yb{hidz |i~yb|ij eg| ziszbdf vbz` s{icbebcnzbgd$
c$ Hiz`gj ge siaiczbgd z`i ziszbdf hiz`gj ndj z`i {|i{n|nzbgd ge snh{ai
s{icbhids$
j$ Ziszbdf {|gcijy|i$
^$>$Ip{anbd ^ynabzr ge Jisbfd7
Sgayzbgd=
^ynabzr ge Jisbfd
>$ Z`i ~ynabzr ge jisbfd bs |ianzij vbz` z`i zbf zdiss ge z`i s{icbebcnzbgd v`bc` n|i ysij
eg| hndyenczy|bdf ge n {|gjycz$
Hgjyai Dg ;: :9 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
hh bs `nubdf lizzi| ~ynabzr z`nd z`i {|gjycz
`nubdf vg|o zgai|ndci ge ;$;;>hh$
Enczg| neeiczbdf 'cgdz|gaabdf z`i ^ynabzr ge Jisbfd
>$ Zr{is ge cyszghi|s bd z`i hn|oiz$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Z`i z`|ii hnbd iaihidzs ge z`i ~ynabzr eydczbgd
>$ Ncci{zndci eydczbgd
$ Ncci{zndci eydczbgd
n$ Z`bs bs z`i jnr zg jnr mgl ge hinsy|bdf z`i {|gjycz! myjfbdf z`i {i|eg|hndci!
hnobdf jbs{gsbzbgd ndj |icgjbdf z`i jnzn$
l$ Bz cnh bdcayji z`i bdcbjidzna eydczbgd ns hnbdzbdf! hinsy|bdf i~yb{hidz
szg|nfi! snaunfi$
c$ Z`bs eydczbgd bs |ianzij zg z`i ncci{znlbabzr ge z`i {|gjycz vbz` |ifn|j zg z`i siz
~ynabzr ge {|gf|nhhi$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Bz bs lnsij gd anv ge an|fi dyhli|s % Hnz`ihnzbcna z`ig|r ge {|glnlbabzbis$
Hgji|d zic`db~yis ge S^C % ncci{zndci snh{abdf `nui nd bh{g|zndz |gai bd
bh{|guihidz ge ~ynabzr! id`ndcihidz ge {|gjyczbubzr! c|inzbgd ge cgdsyhi| cgdebjidci %
jiuiag{hidz ge bdjysz|bna icgdghr ge cgydz|r$
Njundznfis'Lidiebzs ge S^C=
>" Ieebcbidcr % Cgsz |ijyczbgd
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
S^C bs jiebdij ns z`i zic`db~yis ge n{{arbdf sznzbszbcna hiz`gjs lnsij gd z`ig|r ge
{|glnlbabzr zg isznlabs`ij ~ynabzr szndjn|js ndj zg hnbdznbd bd z`i hgsz icgdghbcna
hnddi|$
Bz bs n jnzn j|buid n{{|gnc` ndj bs n{{abcnlai zg gyzfgbdf {|gjyczs aboi jy|bdf s`b{{bdf$
[|nczbcna jiubcis ysij ns zgga bd S^C
>$ @bszgf|nh
Bz bs n |i{|isidznzbgd ge jbszy|lzbgd ge un|bnlai jnzn |i{|isidzij lr n si|bis ndj
i~yna vbjz` cgayhds ge un|rbdf `ibf`z$
Bz bs ysij eg| ubsyna cghhydbcnzbgd nlgyz z`i {|gciss ndj eg| `ia{bdf bd hnobdf
jicbsbgd nlgyz v`i|i zg egcys z`i ieeg|z ge bh{|guihidzs$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
SZNZBSZBCNA ^YNABZR CGDZ\GA=
>" Bz bs z`i l|ndc` ge ~ynabzr cgdz|ga v`bc` jinas vbz cgaaiczbgd! {|glaih ndnarsbs
ndj bdzi|{|iznzbgd ge jnzn zg sgaui z`i {|glaih$
$ Aiss nhgydz ge bds{iczbgd
Jyi zg S^C! aiss nhgydz ge bds{iczbgd bs |i~yb|ij v`bc` snuis z`i agz ge hnd
`gy| ge z`i {|gjyczbgd
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
V`id z`i hinsy|ihidz bs cn||bij gyz zg
ebdj z`i ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs gecgh{gdidzs! z`i ~ynabzr bs snbj zg li
ip{|issij bd un|lais$
V`id n |icg|j s`gvs gdar z`i dyhli| ge
n|zbcais cgdeb|h ndj dgd cgdeb|hbdf zgndr s{icbna |i~yb|ihidz bz bs snbj zg li
nzz|blyzi jnzn
< Bz bs jgdi vbz` z`i `ia{ ge {|icbsbgd
hinsy|ihidz$
Bz bs |icg|jij vbz` z`i `ia{ ge anbj jgvd
szndjn|j$3 Jnzn glznbdij bs cnaaij z`i cgdzbdygys
jnzn$
Jnzn glznbdij bs cnaaij jbsc|izi jnzn
: Z`i unayi cnddgz li e|nczbgds Z`i unayi cnddgz li e|nczbgds
Ip= Jbhidsbgd ge n {n|zs hinsy|ij
Vibf`z bd of
Dg ge jieiczs egydj bd snh{ai
C|ncos bd s`iiz lr s{gz viaj$
^$6$ V`nz bs Un|bnzbgd'Un|bnlbabzr7 V`nz n|i {gssblai cnysis ge un|bnzbgd7
Sgayzbgd=
UN\BNZBGD'UN\BNLBABZR
Dg {|gjyczbgd {|gciss cnd {|gjyci naa bzihs ipnczar naboi$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 9< Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
[|gjyczbgd {|gciss cgdsbszs ge cghlbdnzbgd ge hid! hnzi|bnas ndj hnc`bdi$
Inc` ge z`isi iaihidzs ge cghlbdnzbgd `ns sghi bd`i|idz g| dnzy|na
un|bnlbabzr! z`i cnysis ge v`bc` cnddgz li bsganzij$
\insgd eg| un|bnzbgd
>" [gg| |nv hnzi|bna
" C`ndci un|bnzbgd '|ndjgh un|bnzbgd
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
i||g|$< Z`i|i bs n hbdyzi nhgydz ge
un|bnzbgds$
Z`i|i bs n shnaa ndj an|fi nhgydz
ge un|bnzbgds$
3 Z`ir n|i jbeebcyaz zg z|nci ndj yd
icgdghbcna zg iabhbdnzi$
Z`ir n|i insr zg z|nci'jizicz ndj
yd icgdghbcna zg iabhbdnzi$
: Vbz` z`i |ndjgh un|bnzbgd !z`i
{|gciss bs sznlai zg ysi z`i
snh{abdf {|gcijy|i
Vbz` z`i nssbfdnlai un|bnzbgd !z`i
{|gciss bs dgz sznlai zg ysi z`i
snh{abdf {|gcijy|i
9$ Z`isi cnysis eagvs z i sznzbszbcna
anvs ge un|bnzbgd$
Z`isi cnysis jg dgz egaagvs ndrsznzbszbcna anvs ge un|bnzbgds$
5Ipnh{ai
n$ ubl|nzbgd bd hnc bdi
l$ un|bnzbgd bd hnzi|bna
Ipnh{ain" Enyazr siz y{l" Enyaz mbfs ndj ebpzy|is
^$2=Jiebdi e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd$ Jisc|bli un|bgys vnrs ge f|n{`bcna|i{|isidznzbgd ge e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd$
Sgayzbgd =
E \I^YIDCR JBSZ\BLYZBGD=
Hgjyai Dg ;: 9: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ V`id z`i hinsy|ij sb}is ge naa z i {|gjyczs n|i {agzzij nfnbdsz z`i e|i~yidcr
ge gccy||idcis ge inc` sb}i bd z`i eg|h ge f|n{`! bz bs odgvd ns e|i~yidcr
jbsz|blyzbgd$
$ Eg| {|gjycbdf idzb|i agz c`n|nczi| e|gh snh{ai$
$ E|i~yidcr @bszgf|nh
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ E|i~yidcr @bszgf|nh =
>" Bd z`i f|n{` z`i sbjis ge cgayhd |i{|isidzs z`i y{{i| % agvi| ciaa lgydjn|bis
% `ibf`zs n|i {|g{g|zbgdna zg z`i e|i~yidcbis ge gccy||idcis vbz`bd z`i ciaas$
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>" Ln| c`n|z bs n f|n{ bcna |i{|isidznzbgd ge z`i e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd! bd v`bc`
z`i ln|s n|i cidzi|ij nz z`i hbj{gbdz ge z`i ciaas$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>" Gfbui cy|ui n|i ysij zg {agz cyhyanzbui e|i~yidcbis ge unayi aiss z`nd g|
f|inzi| z`nd |is{iczbui ciaa lgydjij$
;= Jiebdi
Hgjyai Dg ;: 90 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ F|gy{ij E|i~yidcr
" Ciaa =
V`bai f|gy{bdf z`i jnzn bdzg n e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd! z`i ciaa lgydjn|bis s`gyaj
li c`gsid `nae vnr lizviid zvg {gssblai glsi|unzbgds ndj ciaa bdzi|unas s`gyaj
li i~yna$
Z`i bdzi|una nagdf z`i scnai ge hinsy|ihidz ge inc` g|ji|ij canss bs
zi|hij ciaa$
>= Jiebdi cidz|na zidjidcr
Hgjyai Dg ;: 92 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
G\
Jiebdi
>$ Hind
$ N|bz`hizbc Hind= P
Z`i n|bz`hizbc hind bs z`i nui|nfi ge naa z`i unayis ge z`i un|bnlai bd z`i snh{ai$
Be P>!P
n|bz`hizbc hind bs fbuid lr!
8> < 3 dP / P / P /$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$/ P
Pd
b$i$
8
P
P d
=
Be d bs gjj! z`i glsi|unzbgds n|i n||ndfij bd nscidjbdf g|ji|! z`id hijbnd bs
fbuid lr! (d >
< d
< < $ P C`n|z= Bz s`gvs un|bnzbgd bd nui|nfi ge un|bnzbgd ge snh{ais b$i$ bz s`gvs
cidzi|bdf ge {|gciss
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>9= Jisc|bli z`i hiz`gj ge cgdsz|yczbdf P % \ c`n|zs % ip{anbd `gv z`isi
c`n|zs `ia{ bd jizi|hbdbdf anco ge cgdz|gas$
Sgayzbgd=
Szi{ B
Cnacyanzi z`i nui|nfi P % |ndfi eg| inc` snh{ai=
N fggj dyhli| ge snh{ais ge bzihs hndyenczy|ij n|i cgaaiczij |ndjghar nz jbeei|idz
bdzi|unas ge zbhi % z`ib| ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs (i$f$ jbnhizi|! z`bcodiss! vz$! izc$" n|i
hinsy|ij$
Eg| Ipnh{ais=
Be n snh{ai cgdznbds ebui bzihs! v`gsi jbhidsbgds n|i P>! P
> < 3 : 9P / P / P / P / PP
98
% \ 8 an|fisz unayi shnaaisz unayi$
Szi{ BB
Cnacyanzi f|ndj nui|nfi P % nui|nfi |ndfi \ $
Bz bs glznbdij lr jbubjbdf z`i syh ge P unayi lr dyhli| ge snh{ais b$i$ sylf|gy{s!
b$i$P
PD
8 ! V`i|i D8 Dyhli| ge snh{ais! ndj
\\
D8
Szi{ BBB
Cnacyanzbgd ge 3 abhbzs eg| P c`n|z!
Z`i cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i fbuid lr!
Y{{i| cgdz|ga abhbz P 8 YCA P 8 P / 3 $ P
Agvi| cgdz|ga abhbz P 8 ACA P 8 P 3
$ P
Szi{BU
Cnacyanzbgd ge 3 abhbzs eg| \ c`n|z!
YCA \ 8 J: \
YCA \ 8 J3 \
Hgjyai Dg ;: 55 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
v`i|i z`i unayis ge un|bgys enczg|s N! N>! N! J
jbsz|blyzbgd % cnd li egydj e|gh szndjn|j znlais eg| n {n|zbcyan| snh{ai sb}i$
Szi{ U
[agz P % \ c`n|z=
Eg| P c`n|z! z`i cidz|na abdi gd P c`n|z s`gyaj li j|nvd ns sgabj `g|b}gdzna abdi ns P $
Z`i y{{i| % agvi| cgdz|ga abhbzs s`gyaj li j|nvd ns jgzzij `g|b}gdzna abdis nz z`i
cnacyanzij unayi$
Eg| \ c`n|z! cidz|na abdi vbaa li bdjbcnzis \ % cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i s`gvd lr jgzzij
`g|b}gdzna abdis$
Szi{ UB
[agz z`i nui|nfi ge snh{ais bd P c`n|z bd z`i g|ji| cgaaiczij % {gbdzs gyzsbji z`i cgdz|gaabhbzs n|i bdjbcnzij lr c|gss$
[agz z`i |ndfis bd \ c`n|z % {gbdzs gyzsbji z`i cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i bdjbcnzij lr cb|cais$
Szi{ UBB
Bdzi|{|iznzbgd'{|iabhbdn|r cgdcaysbgds e|gh z`i cgdz|ga c`n|zs$
Z`i anco ge cgdz|ga bs bdjbcnzij lr {gbdzs enaabdf gyzsbji cgdz|ga abhbzs gd ibz`i| P % \
c`n|z$
V`id naa z`i {gbdzs enaa bdsbji! bz hinds z`i {|gciss bs bd cgdz|ga$
> gyz ge 39 g| < gyz ge >;; {gbdzs cnd li zgai|nzij % {|gciss bs snbj zg li bd cgdz|ga$
^$>5= Jbeei|idzbnzi lizviid n jieicz % jieiczbui$
Sgayzbgd=
N$ Jieiczbui=
>$ Nd bzih bs snbj zg li jieiczbui be bz enbas zg cgdeg|h zg z`i s{icbebcnzbgds bd ndr ge z`i
~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs$
L$ Jieicz=
>$ Inc` c`n|nczi|bszbc z`nz jgis dgz hiiz vbz` z`i s{icbebcnzbgds bs cnaaij ns jieicz$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3$ Eg| i$f$ be n cnszbdf cgdznbds ydjisb|nlai n|j s{gzs! lagv`gais! c|ncos izc$! z`i
cnszbdf bs jieiczbui ndj `n|j s{gzs! lagv`gais! c|ncos n|i cnaaij ns jieiczs$
^$>6= Jiebdi E|nczbgd Jieiczbui$ @gv vbaa rgy j|nv [ c`n|z7
Sgayzbgd=
E\NCZBGD JIEICZBUI=
Bz bs jiebdij ns z`i |nzbg ge dyhli| ge jieiczbui n|zbcais zg z`i zgzna dyhli| ge
n|zbcais nczynaar bds{iczij$ Bz bs navnrs ip{|issij ns jicbhna e|nczbgd$
[ C`n|z
Bz bs nd nzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z b$i$ eg| ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs z`nz cnd li
canssbebij ns ibz`i| cgdeg|hbdf g| dgdcgdeg|hbdf zg z`i s{icbebcnzbgds$
Eg| i$f$ jbhidsbgds c`icoij lr FG % DG FG fnyfis$
Szi{ zg j|nv [ C`n|z=
>" \icg|j z`i jnzn eg| inc` sylf|gy{ gd dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij ndj dg$ ge
jieiczbuis
["YCA[ [
d
/ 8 /
[ (> ["ACA[ [d
/ 8
9" [agz inc` {gbdz ns glznbdij! {agz cgdz|ga abhbzs ns cnacyanzij$
Z`i {gbdzs enaabdf gyzsbji cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i bjidzbebij! (Be ndr"$
5" Be z`i {gbdzs enaa gyzsbji z`i cgdz|ga abhbzs! z`i|i hnr li zvg |insgds$
n" Nssbfdnlai cnysis ge un|bnzbgd hnr li {|isidz$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 50 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
l" ^ynabzr aiuia bs jbeei|idz eg| nssyhij szndjn|j [$
$
^>0$ S`g|z Dgzi gd [ C`n|z7
Sgayzbgd=
[ C`n|z
Bz bs nd nzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z b$i$ eg| ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs z`nz cnd li
canssbebij ns ibz`i| cgdeg|hbdf g| dgdcgdeg|hbdf zg z`i s{icbebcnzbgds$
Eg| i$f$ jbhidsbgds c`icoij lr FG % DG FG fnyfis$
Szi{ zg j|nv [ C`n|z=
6" \icg|j z`i jnzn eg| inc` sylf|gy{ gd dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij ndj dg$ ge
jieiczbuis
0" Cgh{yzi [ (e|nczbgd jieiczbui" eg| inc` sylf|gy{
Dg$ Ge jieiczbuis bd sylf|gy{[
Dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij bd sylf|gy{8
2" Cgh{yzi [ 8nui|nfi e|nczbgd jieiczbui
Zgzna Dg$ Ge jieiczbuis bd n {i|bgj[
Zgzna Dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij bd n {i|bgj8
>;" Cgh{yzi Cgdz|ga abhbzs
[ (> ["YCA[ [d
/ 8 /
[ (> ["
ACA[ [d
/ 8
>>" [agz inc` {gbdz ns glznbdij! {agz cgdz|ga abhbzs ns cnacyanzij$
Z`i {gbdzs enaabdf gyzsbji cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i bjidzbebij! (Be ndr"$
>
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>2= V`nz bs z`i {y|{gsi ge [C`n|z7
Sgayzbgd
[y|{gsi ge [C`n|z
Licnysi ge agvi| bds{iczbgd % hnbdzidndci cgszs ge {c`n|z! z`ir ysynaar `nui n f|inzi|
n|in ge icgdghbcna n{{abcnzbgds z`nd cgdz|ga c`n|zs eg| un|bnlai$
>$ Zg jbscgui| nuf$ {|g{g|zbgd ge jieiczbui n|zbcais sylhbzzij eg| bds{iczbgd! gui| n
{i|bgj ge zbhi$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3$ Dyhli| ge shnaa `gais bd fanss lgzzais$
:$ Dyhli| ge jieicz syc` ns lagv`gais! c|ncos bd n cnszbdf$
9$ Dyhli| ge bh{i|eiczbgds glsi|uij bd n cagz ge ydbz n|in$
^$= Jbeei|idzbnzi lizviid Un|bnlai % Nzz|blyzi C`n|z
G\
Jbeei|idzbnzi lizviid P % \ c`n|z vbz` C! [ c`n|z$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 6> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
Un|bnlai C`n|zs Nzz|blyzi C`n|zs
Ipnh{ais= P % \ Ipnh{ais= [! d{! C! Y c`n|zs$
Jnzn |i~yb|ij bs un|bnlai jnzn (b$i$
hinsy|ij ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbc"
Jnzn |i~yb|ij bs nzz|blyzi jnzn (b$i$
cgdeg|hndci g| dgdcgdeg|hndci ysbdf anbjjgvd szndjn|j FG % DG fnyfis"$
Ebiaj ge N{{abcnzbgd= Cgdz|ga ge
bdjbubjyna ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbc$
Ebiaj ge n{{abcnzbgd= Cgdz|ga ge {|g{g|zbgd ge
jieiczbuis g| jieicz bd n snh{ai ge cgdszndz
sb}i g| dyhli| ge jieiczs {i| ydbz$
[|gubjis hnpbhyh yzbab}nzbgd ge
bdeg|hnzbgd nunbanlai e|gh jnzn$
Jnzn |i~yb|ij n|i gezid na|injr nunbanlai
eg|h bds{iczbgd |icg|js$[|gubjis jiznbaij bdeg|hnzbgd gd {|gciss
nui|nfi % un|bnzbgd eg| cgdz|ga ge
bdjbubjyna jbhidsbgd$
Z`ir jg dgz {|gubji jiznbaij bdeg|hnzbgd eg|
cgdz|ga ge bdjbubjyna jbhidsbgd$
Z`ir n|i dgz insbar ydji|szggj ydaiss
z|nbdbdf bs {|gubjij$
Z`ir n|i hg|i sbh{ai ns cgh{n|ij zg P! \
c`n|zs! sg cnd li insbar ydji|szndj
Z`ir bdugaui hg|i zbhi eg| hinsy|bdf!
cnacyanzbgd % {agzzbdf$
Z`ir bdugaui aiss cgsz % zbhi$
Snh{ai sb}i bs shnaa$ Snh{ai sb}i bs fidi|naar an|fi|$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
" Vbz` ndr {gsbzbgd n!l g| c {|nczbcnaar naa z`i {|gjyczs hndyenczy|ij vbaa hiiz z`i
s{icbebcnzbgds
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
l$ \ijyci jbs{i|sbgd be bz bs icgdghbcna$
c$ Njubsnlai zg bdc|insi zgai|ndci$
^$" Ncci{zndci snh{abdf bs z`i {|gciss ge iunaynzbdf n {g|zbgd ge z`i
{|gjyczs bd agz eg| z`i {y|{gsi ge ncci{zbdf g| |imiczbdf z`i agz gd z`i
lnsbs ge dyhli| ge jieiczbui {n|zs egydj bd n |ndjgh snh{ai j|nvd e|gh
z`i agz$
;;) bds{iczbgd! naa z`i {n|zs g| {|gjyczs n|i sylmiczij zg bds{iczbgd!
v`i|i ns bd snh{abdf bds{iczbgd gdar n snh{ai bs j|nvd e|gh z`i agz %
bds{iczij$
L$ Snh{abdf bds{iczbgd$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 69 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>" Bd snh{abdf bds{iczbgd! ci|znbd snh{ais n|i siaiczij e|gh n agz ndj z`ir n|i
c`icoij$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$;;)
bds{iczbgds$
Sgayzbgd=
NJUNDZNFIS NDJ ABHBZNZBGDS GE SNH[ABDF BDS[ICZBGD GUI\ >;;)
BDS[ICZBGDS$
Njundznfis ge Ncci{zndci snh{abdf =
Z`i njundznfis ge snh{abdf bds{iczbgd gui| >;;) bds{iczbgds=
>" Cgsz % zbhi |inj bs ~ybzi aiss z`nd >;;) bds{iczbgd$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
c" Ncci{zndci c|bzi|bn$
j" ^ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbc zg li hinsy|ij$
^$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
d 8 Snh{ai sb}i
c 8 Ncci{zndci dyhli|
9$ Nd G$C$ cy|ui cnd li jbubjij bdzg z |ii |ifbgds$
n$ Ncci{zndci ~ynabzr |ifbgd$
l$ Bdjbeei|idci ~ynabzr |ifbgd
c$ Glmiczbgdnlai ~ynabzr |ifbgd$
[n|nhizi| ge nd GC cy|ui
>$ [|gjyci|s |bsos
z`i G$C$ cy|ui eg| jbeei|idz unayis ge D n|i dgz
n{{|icbnlai jbeei|idz b$i$ bz bs z`i nlsgayzi sb}i ge snh{ai b$i$ bh{g|zndz z`nd
bzs |ianzbui sb}i cgh{n|ij zg sb}i ge agz$
9" Vbz` ebpij unayi D ndj c 1 d> z`nd be d unayi bs an|fi|! lizzi| vbaa li
jbsc|bhbdnzbgd lizviid fggj agzs % lnj agzs$
5" Vbz` ebpij unayi ge C ndj d 1 D! z`nd be d bs an|fi|! z`i sag{i ge G$C$ cy|ui vbaa
li szii{i|$
^$3;= Absz z`i sbfdbebcndci ge nd G$ C$ Cy|ui$
Sgayzbgd=
Sbfdbebcndci ge nd G$ C$ Cy|ui
Hgjyai Dg ;: 62 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ Bz cgh{n|is z`i {i|eg|hndci gui| n |ndfi ge {gssblai ~ynabzr aiuia ge
sylhbzzij {|gjycz$
= Ip{anbd z`i egaagvbdf zi|hs$
N$ [|gjyci|s |bso
L$ Cgdsyhi|s |bso
C$ Ncci{zndci ynabzr Aiuia (N^A"
J$ Agz zgai|ndci {i|cidz jieiczbui (AZ[J"
I$ Nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr (NG^"
E$ Nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr aiuia (NG^A"
Sgayzbgd=
N$ [|gjyci|s |bso=
" Cgdsyhi|s |bso bs jiebdij ns z`i {|glnlbabzr ge ncci{zbdf z`i jieiczbui agzs
v`bc` gz`i|vbsi vgyaj `nui liid |imiczij$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
:" Snrbdf z`nz [n ;$> 8 " Bz cnd li cnaaij ns \^A b$i$ \imiczbgdnlai ^ynabzr Aiuia$
" Nd nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr ge n {|gjycz bs bh{g|zndz zg z`i cyszghi|$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3" Bz |i{|isidzs z`i nui|nfi ) jieiczbui bd z`i gyzfgbdf {|gjyczs nezi| bds{iczbgd!
bdcayjbdf naa ncci{zij % naa |imiczij agzs! v`bc` `nui liid>;;) bds{iczij %
jieiczbuis |i{ancij lr dgdjieiczbuis$
:" Sg eg| n fbuid e|nczbgd jieiczbuis! z`i agz ncci{zij ns n |isyaz ge eb|sz snh{abdf
bds{iczbgd vbaa `nui n e|nczbgd jieiczbuis { z`i |imiczij agzs n|i sylmiczij zg
>;;) bds{iczbgd % |iczbebcnzbgd (jieiczbui {n|zbcais n|i ibz i| |i{ancij g|
cg||iczij"! z`i|ieg|i N^A vbaa li aiss z`nd {$
F$ Nui|nfi Gyzfgbdf ynabzr Aiuia (NG^A"=
>" Nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr aiuia bs z`i hnpbhyh nui|nfi {i|cidz jieiczbui bd z`i
gyzfgbdf {|gjycz$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>" Z`i agzs n|i sylmiczij zg snh{abdf bds{iczbgd % ge bz cgdznbds jieiczbuis aiss z`nd
c z`nd bz bs ncci{zij$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$3:= Sznzi % ip{anbd z`i jbeei|idz snh{abdf {ands vbz` |is{icz zg z`ib|
ncci{zndci c|bzi|bn$
Sgayzbgd=
Snh{abdf {ands hnr li f|gy{ij bdzg z`|ii cnzifg|bis$
N$ Sbdfai snh{abdf {and =
>" V`id n jicbsbgd |imiczbgd g| ncci{zndci ge agz bs hnji gd z`i lnsbs ge gdar
gdi snh{ai! z`i ncci{zndci {and bs odgvd ns sbdfai snh{abdf {and$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
L$ Jgylai snh{abdf {and =
>" V`id z`i jicbsbgd bs hnji gd ncci{zndci g| |imiczbgd ge z i agzs gd z`i lnsbs
gd zvg snh{ais cghlbdij bz bs cnaaij ns jgylai snh{abdf {and$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
C$ Hyazb{ai snh{abdf {ands =
>" Z`i hyazb{ai snh{abdf bs ysij v`id z`|ii g| hg|i snh{ais ge sznzij sb}i n|i
{i|hbzzij$
bs j|nvd! z`i agz bs ncci{zij be z`i|i n|i jieiczbuis aiss z`nd c>
% |imiczij be z`i|i n|i jieiczbuis hg|i z`nd |>
:" Gz`i|vbsi be c> 1 jie 1 |>! n sicgdj snh{ai ge d< bs j|nvd! z`i agz bs ncci{zij be
z`i|i n|i jieiczbuis aiss z`nd c< bd cghlbdij snh{ai ge d>/d< v`i|ins agz bs
|imiczij be z`i|i n|i jieiczbuis hg|i z`nd |
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
5" Be lr z`i idj ge egy|z` snh{ai! z`i agz bs dibz`i| ncci{zij dg| |imiczij! n snh{ai d9
bs j|nvd$
6" Z`i agz bs ncci{zij be z`i dyhli| ge jieiczbuis bd z`i cghlbdij snh{ai ge d>! d
d:! d9 aiss z`nd c9 % |imiczij be hg|i z`nd c9/>$
^$39$ Cgh{n|i z`i z`|ii snh{abdf {ands$
Sgayzbgd=
Dyhli| Einzy|iSbdfai
Snh{abdf {and
Jgylai snh{abdf
{and
Hyazb{ai snh{abdf
{and
>$
Nuf$ dyhli| ge
{bicis bds{iczij{i| agz
Fidi|naar an|fisz
Bd lizviid sbdfai %
hyazb{ai Agvisz
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$35$ V`nz bs z`i [|gjycz \iabnlbabzr 7
Sgayzbgd=
[\GJYCZ \IABNLBABZR
>" Z`i |iabnlbabzr ge n srszih g| jiubci bs z`i {|glnlbabzr z`nz bz vbaa fbui
snzbsenczg|r {i|eg|hndci eg| n s{icbebij {i|bgj ge zbhi ydji| s{icbebij
g{i|nzbdf cgdjbzbgd$
" Jisbfd vinodiss
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$36$ V`nz bs z`i \iabnlbabzr7 V`nz n|i z`i enczg|s zg li cgdsbji|s v`bai jisbfdbdf
n |iabnlai {|gjycz7
Sgayzbgd=
\iabnlbabzr
\iabnlbabzr cnd li jiebdis ns z`i jif|ii ge nssy|ndci g| nlbabzr ge z`i {n|z zg li eydczbgd
ydji| s{icbebij cgdjbzbgds eg| s{icbebij zbhi$
ENCZG\ ZG LI CGDSBJI\IJ V@BAI JISBFDBDF \IABNLBABZR$
Z`i enczg|s zg li cgdsbji|ij v`bai jisbfdbdf |iabnlbabzr n|i
>$ Sbh{abcbzr ge {|gjycz =
Aiss z`i dyhli| ge {|gjyz!z`i hg|i bs |iabnlbabzr$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$30$ Ip{anbd z`i zi|h HZLE7
Sgayzbgd=
Hind zbhi lizviid enbay|i (HZLE"
>" HZLE bs jiebdij ns z`i zgzna hinsy|ij g{i|nzbdf zbhi ge n {g{yanzbgd ge
i~yb{hidz jbubjij lr zgzna dyhli| ge enbay|is! cgy{aij vbz` nd nssyh{zbgd ge
nd ip{gdidzbna jbsz|blyzbgd ge bdzi|unas lizviid z`i enbay|i$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
ZGZNA ^YNABZR HNDNFIHIDZ Z^H
^$>= S`g|z dgzis gd ZGZNA ^YNABZR HNDNFIHIDZ (Z^H"7
Sgayzbgd=
ZGZNA ^YNABZR HNDNFIHIDZ (Z^H"
>$ Z^H bs jiebdis ns cgdz|ga ge naa z`i z|ndseg|hnzbgd ge nd g|fndb}nzbgd zg snzbser
z`i cyszghi|s diijs bd z`i hgsz icgdghbcna vnrs$
$ Zinh vg|o$
Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
>$ Z|nbdbdf bd {|glaih jbnfdgsbs ndj sgayzbgd$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
l$ Ndnar}i z`i |isyaz$
:$ NCZ
n$ Z|r zg ncz eg| {|iuidzbdf ydjisb|ij ieeiczs$
l$ Hinsy|i z`i bh{|guihidzs ndj jisbfd eg| z`i eyzy|i$
Ip{anbd z`i jbeei|idz ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd l|bie7
Jbscyss z`i BSG ^YNABZR szndjn|j $sznzi bzs nz ainsz ge >; canysis7
Jiebdi ~ynabzr szndjn|j$Jbsccyss z`i un|bgys ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd jiznbasvbz` bzs cnysis7>;h
V`nz jg rgy hind lr ~ynabzr szndjn|j 9h
Hgjyai Dg ;: 23 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
C`n{zi| Dg :$:
Vnszi hndnfihidz
Hgjyai Dg ;: 2: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
^$>= S`g|z dgzis gd MBZ7
Nds= MBZ Hndyenczy|bdf
>$ MBZ bs n {|gjyczbgd hiz gjgagfr v bc` nbhs zg bh{|gui gui|naa
{|gjyczbubzr z`|gyf` z`i iabhbdnzbgd ge vnszi ndj v bc` ainjs zg
bh{|guij ~ynabzr$
$ Eagv Anrgyz=
Z`i {`rsbcna anrgyz ge {|gjyczbgd encbabznzis n|i n||ndfij! sg z`nz z`i
{|gciss eagv bs sz|inhabdij b$i$ eg| inc` cgh{gdidz! z`i {|g{g|zbgd ge
unayi njjij zbhi s`gyaj li hg|i! z`i|i s`gyaj li hg|i! z`i s`gyaj li
hbdbhyh ~yiybdf ndj dgd unayi njjij zbhis$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
3$ Hbpij hgjia sc`ijyabdf
MBZ glmiczbui bs zg hnzc` z`i {|gjyczbgd |nzi zg jihndj ns cagsiar
{gssblai$ Gdi vnr ge jgbdf z bs bs zg bdc|insi z`i eaipblbabzr ge
{|gjyczbgd abdis zg naagv cgdcy||idz nssihlar ge jbeei|idz hgjias gd
z`i snhi abdi$
:$ Lyeei| szgco |ihguna
Cgdszndz iabhbdnzbgd ge lyeei| szgco bs ih{`nsb}ij zg `bf abf z
{|gjyczbgd {|glaih sc`ijyaij lr `bf` bduidzg|r aiuia$
9$ ^ynabzr
Z`i nc`biuihidz ge `bf` ~ynabzr aiuias bs {|i|i~ybsbzi ge syccisseya MBZ$
]i|g jieiczs! Sznzbszbcna {|gciss ~ynabzr! {|gciss jnzn cgaaiczbgd ndj
vg|oi| cidzi|ij ~ynabzr n|i cghhgdar ysij ~ynabzr {|gf|nhhis$
5$ [|gjycz ndj {|gciss sbh{abebcnzbgd
Z`bs bs nc`biuij z`|gyf`
n$ \nzbgdnab}nzbgd ge {|gjycz |ndfi$
l$ Sbh{abebcnzbgd ge hiz`gjs ge hndyenczy|i$
c$ Sbh{abebcnzbgd z`|gyf` z`i cgh{gdidz bzih szndjn|jb}nzbgd$
6$ Szndjn|j cgdznbdi|s
MBZ ih{`nsb}i shnaa szndjn|j cgdznbdi|s$ Z`bs sbh{abebis z`i hnzi|bna
hguihidz ndj ysi ge hnzi|bna `ndjabdf i~yb{hidz$
0$ [|iuidzbui hnbdzidndci
Hgjyai Dg ;: 25 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
8/2/2019 Module no 4
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
MBZ |i~yb|is |ihguna ge cnysi ge ydci|znbdzr ndj vnszi$
L|inojgvd bs n hnmg| cnysi ge z`i ydci|znbdzr$
\bfg|gys {|iuidzbui hnbdzidndci nzzih{zs zg |ihgui z`i ydci|znbdzr$
2$ Eaipblai vg|o eg|ci
Eaipblai vg|o eg|ci bs c|bzbcna |i~yb|ihidz ge MBZ$
Eaipblai vg|oeg|ci bs jiuiag{ij z`g|gyf` c|ggs eydczbgdna z|nbdbdf$
Bz bs dicissn|r zg hnzc` {|gjyczbgd |nzi ndj jihndj |nzi cagsiar ns
{gssblai$
>;$ G|fndb}nzbgd bd hgjyais g| ciaas
Hndr MBZ enczg|bis n|i g|fndb}ij bd shnaa nyzgdghgys hgjyais g|
ciaas! inc` ciaa libdf zgznaar |is{gdsblai eg| bzs gvd {|gjyczbgd ndj
sy{{ar ge njmncidz hgjyai$
Z`i ciaas n|i jisbfdij sg z`nz hnzi|bna eagv lizviid crcai bs
hbdbhb}ij$
>>$ Cgdzbdygys bh{|guihidz
MBZ bs dgz gdi zbhi ieeg|z$Bz bs n {`bagsg{`r ge cgdzbdygys bh{|guihidz $bz siios z`i bdugauihidz
ge iui|rgdi bd z`i cgdzbdygys bh{|guihidzs$
Hgjyai Dg ;: 26 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
Lidiebzs ge MBZ
Z`i hgsz sbfdbebcndz lidiebz ge MBZ bs zg bh{|gui z`i |is{gdsbuidiss ge z`i eg|h
zg z`i c`ndfis bd z`i hn|oiz{anci z`ys {|gubjbdf nd njundznfi bd cgh{izbzbgd$
Z`i lidiebzs n|i
>$ [|gjyczbgd Cgsz= bs f|inzar |ijycij jyi zg |ijyczbgd ge hndyenczy|bdf
crcai zbhi$ \ijyczbgd ge vnszi! bduidzg|bis ndj iabhbdnzbgd ge dgd unayi
njjij g{i|nzbgds$
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Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf
SIUID VNSZIS
>3$Vnszi ge vnbzbdf
>:$Vnszi ge z|nds{g|znzbgd
>9$Vnszi ge {|gcissbdf bzsia
>5$Vnszi ge szgcos
>6$Vnszi ge hgzbgd
>0$Vnszi ge hnobdf jieiczbui {|gjyczs=