Vi b9n co kinh nghiem tren hi$n truong, b9n co the thay doi nhO'ng cong Cl,! nay hoac b9n co the them nhO'ng cong Cl,! khac de giup b9n dat duqc nhO'ng ml,!C Mu Cl,! the.

Mot so loi kh uy€m V~ cong ClJ .

Phat vi~t cho ng uoi dfm ! V6i cay viet trong tay, vai tr6 cua nguoi dan duqc tang len , khuyen khich sl,f tham gia chu dQng va co duac nhO'ng tam ban do co y nghfa han.

Luon luon ghi chap ca c van de chinh cua cuqc thao lu~ n. Khong phai "san pham v$t chat" (vi dl,! : ban do hay lich) cua moi cong cu la ket qua quan trQng nhat ma chinh la Sl,f hieu biet ma b9n va nguoi dan tiep thu qua cac cUQc thao luan khi su dl,!ng cac cong Cl,! . Tru6c khi hoan thanh mQt cong Cl,! nao do , yeu cau mQt nguoi dan tom tat cac ket qua t$p luyen cua toan nhom.

c6 gang nam ba t cac quan diem cua ca c ca c nh6 m X8

hqi khac nh au " cqng d6ng Cac cQng dong khong baD gi~ dong nhat. Cac nhom xa hQi , gi6i va dan tQc khac nhau trong cung cong dong chac chan co nhO'ng quan diem khac nhau trong nhieu van de.

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Phan clk nh6m phl,l (tren CO s6 Sl,J' khac nhau v~ X8 h9i, gioi va dan t9C) la di~u r~t hO'u ich, yeu dIU moi nh6m su dl,lng cling m9t cong Cl,l nhung lam theo nhi~u cach rieng. Di~u nay giup nam bat va thu duqc cac quan diem kMc nhau trong c9n9 dong va thuong mang l<;Ii k~t qua tot trong nhO'ng CU9C thao lu~n soi n6i khi moi nh6m phl,l bao cao cac kMm pha moi cho toan nh6m.

Khuy~n khich tham gia chLi dqng San pham cua cac cong Cl,l chi dem l<;Ii hO'u ich n~u t~t ca nhO'ng nguoi tham gia d6ng g6p y ki~n va kinh nghi~m m9t cach chu d9ng. N~u c6 qua nhi~u nguoi tham gia cling lam vi~c voi m9t cong Cl,l thi khong the mang l<;Ii k~t qua. DOi voi hcflu hllt cac cong Cl,l thi moi nh6m khong nen vuqt qua tu 10 dlln 15 nguoi. N~u c6 qua nhi~u nguoi tham dl,J', b<;ln c6 the chia thanh cac nh6m nho c6 cling s6 thich chung lam vi~c cling m9t hay nhi~u cong Cl,l khac nhau.

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Phan loai, cho diem VEl can do Nhieu khi , b,:m muon biet sl,t Il,ta chQn cua nguoi dan , ch~ng h~n nhOng van de gi la quan trQng nhat doi vci hQ hay giai phap ky thu~t nao hQ thich nhat. C6 3 ky thu~t don gian giup b~n thl,tc hi$n vi$c nay d6 la 'phan lo~i ', 'chi diem' va 'do dem'.

Lam sac su dlJng ky thu~t phfm lo~i Phan lo~i chi hOu ich khi b~n dang lam vi$c vci nhieu nguoi dan cung mQt luc. Yeu cau nguoi dan n6i cho b~n biet Il,ta chQn nao hQ thich nhat theo thu tl,t, bat dau vci ua thich dau tien, rai ua thich thu hai va tiep theo. De tranh c6 ket qua lua chon 'binh quan' tU cUQc hQP, b~n c6 the phat cho moi nguoi dan mQt "mieng giay phan lo~i ", ch~ng h~n mieng giay ben phai, tU d6 hQ xe theo nhOng 6 vu6ng de "bo phieu" nhOng lua chon hQ thich nhat. Trong vi dl,J nay, c6 sau Il,ta chQn va 6 vu6ng c6 6 cham dEtnh cho Il,ta chQn duqc nguoi dan ua thich nhat.

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Gong Cl,! nay ti~n hanh rM nhanh va cho phep b<;ln phfm tich s6 li$u m9t cach chi tiM hen. Vi dl,!, b<;ln c6 the ve m9t duong vi€ln mau trem cac mi~ng gifiy pMt cho nam gioi, nhu v~y b<;ln c6 the bi~t duqc s6 thich khac nhau giOa nO gioi va nam gioi.

G6 2 nhuqc diem khi su dl,!ng ky thu~t phan IO<;li la: 1 bU9c nguoi dan ph an IO<;li thLi W cac s6 thich cua minh

trong khi thvc t~ hQ c6 the thich nhi€lu s6 thich ngang nhau, va

2 la m9t cong Cl,! do luong c6 tinh tueng d6i cac s6 thich. Nghfa la, n6 khong the hi$n cho b<;ln bi~t nguoi dan thich Iva chQn nay hen Iva chQn khac nhi~u chung nao.

Lam sao su dlJng ky thu~t cho di~m Gho diem chi hOu ich khi b<;ln dang lam vi$c voi tUng nguoi dan. Yeu cau nguoi dan fin dinh m9t con s6 tU 1 d~n 10 cho cac s6 thich khac nhau, n~u chQn "1' c6 nghfa la Iva chQn nay thich it hen va chQn "10" nghfa la Iva chQn nay thich nhi€lu nhM Uu diem cua ky thu~t chi diem la n6i cho b<;ln bi~t duqc nguoi dan thich Iva chQn nay hen Iva chQn khac nhi~u chung nao. Nhuqc diem la nguoi dan doi khi dua ra diem 'binh quan' d6i voi hau h~t cac Iva chQn de tranh mM long cac can b9 phat trien. Ky thu~t chi diem cOng cho phep lam vi$c voi cac nh6m dan bang cach phat cho mOi nguoi m9t "mi~ng gifiy chi diem", tueng tv nhu mi~ng gifiy ben trai. B<;ln c6 the ve duong ke mau tren m9t s6 mi~ng gifiy giup b(~m bi~t duqc quan diem cua cac nh6m nguoi dan khac nhau (vi dl,!: pMt cho phI,! nO mi~ng gifiy c6 duong ke mau xanh va cho nam gioi mi~ng gifiy khong c6 duong ke).

TP

Lam sao su dLJng ky thu ~t do d~m Do dem chi hO'u ich khi bi?n dang lam vi$c v6i Wng nguoi dan . Phat cho nguoi dan mot so 'the ' (ch~ng hi?n 50 hat ngo). Nguoi dan phan phoi tat ca nhO'ng hi?t ngo nay cho cac h,1a chQn khac nhau . Ll,Ia chon nao co so hat nhieu hcm la quan trQng hdn . Ky thu$t do dem giup chung ta biet dUdC m(>t nguoi dan thich Il,Ia chon nay hdn Il,Ia chon khac nhieu chOng ni:lO.

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Khao sat than ban Trl10C khi b,;m bat d~u lam vi$c a mQt than bEln mOi, b<;ln c~n lam quen ve dia Iy, h$ th6ng canh tac, tai nguyen thien nhien, kho khan va co hQi cua than ban do. Khao sat than ban la con dl10ng nhanh nhat de tim hieu ky hon ve than ban do. Hieu ro dl1qc thl,lc trang cua than ban giup b<;ln thu~n Iqi trong vi$c mieu ta co sl,l tham gia.

Lam sac de to chuc mQt cUQc khao sat then ba n Yeu eau mQt hoc3c hai ngl10i dan dl1a ban di khao sat, bao g6m cac 10<;li h$ th6ng canh tac va tai nguyen thien nhien trong vung. Trong qua trinh khao sat, hay dung l<;li khi thay mQt dieu gi khang binh thl10ng va thu vi, d$t cau h6i ve nhO'ng gi b<;ln thay, tham do nhO'ng cau tra loi cua ngl10i dan va so sanh nhO'ng kinh nghi$m b<;ln da co tu cac than ban khac.

Nho rang b<~m c6 the c6 mat cach nhin h<~m h~p ve cac van de cua than ban vi b<;ln chi n6i chuy$n dUdC voi me)t so nguoi d~m. Ban nen xac minh bat Cl! van de b<;ln quan tam noi b~t trong qua trinh di khao sat theo cach mieu ta c6 s\,l' tham gia.

Mot so loi khuyen ... • Moi me)t so nguoi dan tU cac nh6m xa he)i khac nhau trong

than cung di khao sat voi b<;ln. Vi$c nay cho b<;ln me)t cach nhin re)ng hdn ve cac van de cua than ban d6.

• Neu c6 2 can be) phat trien, vi$c chia thanh 2 nh6m khao sat rieng le la dieu rat huu [ch; me)t nguoi di voi nh6m nu gioi va nguoi kia di voi nh6m nam gioi .

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San do tai nguyen dja phuong Cac ban do tai nguyen than ban the hi$n diem noi bat ve tLl nhien va tai nguyen ma ngLloi dan cho la quan trong trong dia phLlong cua hQ. Thong thLlong , do la nhQng hoat dQng dau tien ma b~n lam voi ngLloi dan Cl bLloc mieu ta co SLI tham gia. Cac ho~t dong tren giup pha bo raG chan X3 hQi va khuyen khfch vi$c tham gia mQt cach chu dQng cua moi ngLloi trong mQt cUQc hQp.

Lam the nao de ve mQt ban d6 tai nguyen than ba n Yeu eau ngLloi dan ve mat ban do cac diem noi bat ve cac yeu to tl,t nhien va tai nguyen cua than ban ho. Thong thLlong, ngLloi dan ve nhQng net noi b;flt nhLl ranh gioi than ban , dLlong xa, nha cua, song ngoi, trLlong hQc va cac cong trinh cong cQng khac. B~n se thay day la dieu rat hQu fch khi de nghi ngLloi dan ve ranh gioi cua cQng dong trLloc tien vi doi khi ho bat dau ve

ban do mat cach chi tiet va sau do nh<\ln thay rang ho da het giay de ve phan con lai ve tai nguyen cua than ban. Hay khuyen khfch ho ve cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien va trong Ifnh vl!c nang nghiep ch~ng han: khu vl!c canh tac, khu vuc

chan tha , rung va ao ca.

Chac chan rang • Nguai dtm ve chu khang phai ban! Nh<\ln thuc cua hQ la

quan trong chu khang phai la nh<\ln thuc cua ban .

• Khang ai gianh het vi$c ve ban do. Thang thuang truong lang la nguai ve dau tien. B<~m can phai tfch cuc khuyen khfch nhCtng nguai khac trong cUQc hop tham gia vel Sau mQt Iuc, b<~m se thay co nhieu nguai cung den tham gia.

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Phan tfch giau ngheo Doi v6i befit Cll cQng dong nao d~u c6 sl,l' khac nhau v~ an toan sinh ke . MQt so nguoi ngheo va so khac tUdng doi kha hdn . Phan tfch giiw ngheo la mQt cang cl,J nham giup b~n :

• xac dinh nhOng 'nh6m giau ngheo' trong mQt than ban ,

• xac dinh moi nguoi dan trong than ban se thuQC nh6m nao,

• hieu r6 d$c diem chfnh cua tung nh6m, va

• tim hieu Iy do t~i sac mQt so nguoi thi ngheo trong khi d6 mQt so nguoi tUdng doi kha hdn .