Mr Toru Takahashi - Present and Future Works of Pilot Study for Carbon Sequestration and Monitoring in Gundih Area, Central Java Province, Indonesia

インドネシア・グンディガス田におけるCCSパイロットプロジェクトの現状と今後の計画

Present and Future Works of Pilot Study for Carbon Sequestration and Monitoring in Gundih Area, Central Java Province, Indonesia

高橋亨（公益財団法人深田地質研究所）

Wawan Gunawan A. Kadir (Institut Teknologi Bandung)

松岡俊文 (京都大学)

Gundih CCS Project Team

Pilot Study for Carbon Sequestration and

Monitoring in Gundih Area, Central Java Province, Indonesia

CONTENTS

なぜインドネシアか? 研究の背景と目的

プロジェクトの概要実施体制プロジェクト目標と実施工程プロジェクトサイト

研究の現状と成果 CO2貯留サイトの選定 CO2貯留層の評価 CO2モニタリング計画

まとめと今後の予定

Why Indonesia? Background and Objectives

Project Overview Project Organization Project Goal and Time Schedule Project Site

R&D CO2 Storage Site Selection CO2 Reservoir Evaluation CO2 Monitoring Plan

Summary and Future Works

CONTENTS









INDONESIA: Oil production (bars) & consumption (dots)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Th

ou

san

ds o

f b

arr

els

of

oil

per

day

© Energyfiles Ltdproduction consumption

(Satyana, 2008)

OIL PRODUCTION DOMINANT GAS PRODUCTION DOMINANT

INDONESIA’S OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PROFILE

Ministry of EM&R (2012)

2010年1月、エネ鉱大臣令2010年第3号を制定し、「国家における石油・天然ガス生産量の拡大」を第一優先政策と位置付ける

CO2 Contents of Major Gas Fields in Indonesia

Indonesian President Message

• The president stresses Indonesia's Commitment toreduce CO2 emissions by 26% by 2020, and up to 41%if international support is forthcoming.

• Two main contributions can be given by Indonesian EarthScientists (also through international cooperation) inreducing CO2 emissions :

1. Increasing the use of renewable energy (geothermal)

2. Introducing CCS and CO2-EOR to the communityand implementing those approaches in Indonesianhydrocarbon fields

(Kadir, 2010)

(INDONESIA COMMITMENT G20 SUMMIT IN PITTSBURG, 2009)

POTENTIAL SITES FOR CCS/CO2-EOR

IN INDONESIA

Pacific Ocean

AUSTRALIA

Indian Ocean

THAILAND

Natuna

BRUNEI

EASTMALAYSIA

Banda Aceh

SINGAPORE

Bontang LNG

Plant

Attaka

KALIMANTAN

IRIAN JAYA

JakartaJ A V A

BALI

TIMOR

I N D O N E S I A

Sangatta

MALAYSIA

PHILIPINESNatural CO2 Source

Depleted Oil Reservoirs & CO2 from LNG Plant

North part of East Java

Modified from Ministry of EM&R (2012)

CONTENTS









International joint

research

・ITB (Institut Teknologi

Bandung)

・Pertamina EP and

Pertamina UTC

・ITS, UNILA, Trisakti

・Unhas, etc

・Kyoto University

・Waseda University

・Akita University

・Kyusyu University

・University of Tokyo

・Toyama University

・Fukada Geological Institute

・JAPEX (Japan Petroleum

Exploration Co, Ltd.)

・Suncoh Consultants

Research

Partnership

JICAJST collaboration

Technical CooperationSupport

Gundih CCS Project Organization

Feasibility Study and Socialization

CO2 reservoir model building and simulation for evaluation of long term CO2 movement in the reservoir

Symposium/Workshop for promotion of CCS

and FS results

Promotion of CCS to Indonesian government, oil companies and other related organizations

Grand design of CCS for the Gundih gas field

CO2 Injection

Monitoring surveys and evaluation of monitoring technologies for their optimum integrations

SOP(Standard Operational Procedures) for CCS

SOP for CCS will be proposed to more than 20 organizations in Indonesia

SOP for CCS is widely accepted and referred for planning in Indonesia

Future Goal

Goal 100％

0％

90％

60％

20％

40％

Promotion of

CCS in Japan

Activation of CCS

projects in Japan

Acceptance

and

promotion of

SOP

Contribution to

global standards

like ISO

Technical

paper

presentation

Presentation of

technical papers on

CO2 reservoir

characterization

and monitoring

technologies

Development

of Human

resources

Development of

knowledge, know-

how and skill of

young scientists

and engineers

Additional Research Products

Preliminary study on eight geophysical and geochemical monitoring technologies. (Preparation of instruments and methods, Baseline survey and evaluation)

<Reservoir Characterization> <Reservoir Monitoring> <CCS Socialization>

Eight monitoring technologies studied in this project are as follows;

1) 4D High-resolution seismic,

2) 4D Electric/electromagnetic

3) 4D Microgravity

4) InSAR and GPS

5) Microseismic

6) Seismic tomography

7) Geochemical and

8) Integrated quantitative interpretation.

Well recognition of the SOP for CCS in Indonesia

PH

AS

E II

PH

AS

E I

PROJECT GOAL - The Pilot Study for CO2 Sequestration and Monitoring in Gundih Area, Central Java Province, Indonesia-

Present

Workflow of The Project

Existing Data Analysis（Geology, Geophysics, Reservoir Data）

Baseline Survey

Instrument Preparation

Monitoring Survey

Reservoir Model Building

Geophysical Simulation

Geological Study

Seismic Data Analysis

Reservoir Simulation

Reservoir Evaluation

Monitoring Plan

Risk Analysis

Injection Facility Plan

Acquisition of Complimentary Data

CO2 Injection

Evaluation & Summary SOP Drafting

Injection Facility Preparation

: Planed

: Implemented

GUNDIH CCS PROJECT SITE

Pacific Ocean

AUSTRALIA

Indian Ocean

THAILAND

Natuna

BRUNEI

EASTMALAYSIA

Banda Aceh

SINGAPORE

Bontang LNG

Plant

Attaka

KALIMANTAN

IRIAN JAYA

JakartaJ A V A

BALI

TIMOR

I N D O N E S I A

Sangatta

MALAYSIA

PHILIPINESNatural CO2 Source

Depleted Oil Reservoirs & CO2 from LNG Plant

North part of East Java

Modified from Ministry of EM&R (2012)

LOCATION MAP OF GUNDIH AREAKTB (Kedung Tuban) – RBT (Randu Blatung) – KDL (Kedung Lusi) fields

Kedunglusi

KEDUNGLUSI

KTB – RBT – KDL FIELDS(Gundih Area)

Cepu

Kedunglusi

CONTENTS









N – S Central Java Geological Cross Section

Sapiie et al., (2006)

STRATIGRAPHY

PO

ST-R

IFT

SYN

-RIF

T

PRE-RIFT

Sapiie et al., (2006)

CCS TARGET

19

CONTENTS






Project Overview Project Organization

Project Goal and Time Schedule

Project Site

R&D CO2 Storage Site Selection

CO2 Reservoir Evaluation

CO2 Monitoring Plan


3D Reservoir model

Vertical section(at Jepon-1) Horizontal section

north south

west east

west east13.3km

12.3km

13.3km

12.3km

0.8km

Parameters used in the simulation with Eclipse 300

Parameter (variable) Values

Injection layer Only Layer A, Only Layer B, All Layers A, B, C and D

Injection volume per year (kt) 10 (27.4t/day)

Injection time (year) 1, 2, 5, 10, 20

Temperature (C) 55, 60, 65, 70, 75

Permeability (md) 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 (kv/kh=0.1)

Parameter (fixed) Values

Permeability of shale-rich layer 0 md

Porosity of sand layer 0.28

Grid size Large: 100m x 100m, Small: 5m x 5m (around Jepon-1)

Grid number Large: 133 x 123 x 10, Small: 89 x 89 x 9

Model size Large: 13.3km x 12.3km, Small: 445m x 445m

CO2 Saturation Change for Injection Period(Layer B: 200md: 10kt/y: 60C)

1 year 2 years

5 years 10 years 20 years

13.3km

12.3km

CO2 Saturation Change for Permeability(Layer B: 10kt/y: 1Year: 60C)

50md 100md 200md 400md 800md

12.3km

445m

13.3km

445m


445m

50md

100md

200md

400md

800md

50md200md

Pore Pressure Variation(Layer B:10kt/y: 1Year:60C)

12.3km

13.3km

Initial 200md 50md

Pp Pp dPp Pp dPp

N1 8.88 9.13 0.25 9.63 0.75

N2 8.89 9.18 0.29 9.83 0.94

N3 8.81 8.99 0.18 9.38 0.57

R1 8.38 8.63 0.25 9.12 0.74

W 8.37 8.76 0.39 9.68 1.31

R3 8.39 8.61 0.22 9.08 0.69

S1 8.67 8.87 0.20 9.23 0.56

S2 8.52 8.74 0.22 9.15 0.63

S3 8.33 8.53 0.20 8.94 0.61

(MPa)

Pore Pressure Increase(Layer B:10kt/y: 1Year:60C)

200md/100kt

Pp dPp

10.95 2.07

11.20 2.31

10.42 1.61

10.49 2.11

11.07 2.70

10.37 1.98

10.34 1.67

10.39 1.87

10.15 1.82

For reference

Pore Pressure Increase and Fault Slip Tendency Change due to CO2 Injection in Tomakomai

Case in Japan

Fault Slip Tendency (T):

𝑇 =𝜏

𝐶 + 𝜇(𝜎𝑛 − 𝑃𝑝)

𝜏:

𝑐:

𝜇:

𝜎𝑛:

𝑃𝑝:

In-situ shear stress acting on the fault

Cohesion of the fault

Friction coefficient of the fault

Normal stress acting on the fault

Pore pressure

<1 : Stable>1 : Unstable

Pore Pressure Increase and Fault Slip Tendency Change due to CO2 Injection in Tomakomai

Case in Japan

𝑇 =𝜏

𝐶 + 𝜇(𝜎𝑛 − 𝑃𝑝)

𝜏

𝑐𝜇

𝜎𝑛𝑃𝑝

=(𝜎1 − 𝜎3)/2=0.2𝜎3=0.2𝜌𝑔ℎ (@𝜎1/𝜎3=1.2)

=1.1 MPa

=0.45

= (𝜎1 + 𝜎3)/2=2.2𝜎3=2.2𝜌𝑔ℎ(@𝜎1/𝜎3=1.2)

=1000𝑔ℎ

CO2 Injection: 250kt/y x 3yearsSandstone : K=17md, φ=0.281

dPp=max.1.51MPa

T=max.0.331

CONTENTS









Planning Geophysical Methods for Monitoring

Method Specifications Time

Seismic 4D VSP Source: Vibrator/Airgun

Receiver: in-tubing multi-level

downhole receiver

3 times at BL (early 2015) and

2 MSs (2016)

Time-lapse 2D

seismic reflection

Source: Vibrator/Weight drop

Line: 2-3 in NS and EW


2 MSs (2016)

Borehole ME

monitoring

10 locations with the 100m

long downhole receiver in a

borehole

From early 2015

Seismic

Interferometry

analysis of natural

earthquakes/ME

Use borehole ME data

EM 4DTDEM Transmitter: 1 line

Receiver: 3D layout around

the injection well


2 MSs (2016)

Gravity Continuous

measurement with

gPhone

3 locations around the

injection well

From early 2015

4D Gravity

measurement with A-

10 and CG-5

3D Layout around the

injection well


2 MSs (2016)

InSAR/GPS PSInSAR

GPS

PS InSAR analysis test

Geochemical CO2 soil content and

flux

Continuous measurement at

and around the injection well

From early 2015


- Suggested methods by IEAGHG -

IEA GHG Web page(http://ieaghg.org/ccs-resources/monitoring-selection-tool1)


- Examples -

米国FrioサイトでのVSP探査例（Chadwick et al.，2010）

北海Sleipnerにおける繰り返し３Ｄ反射法地震探査結果（上：注入位置を通る南北断面、下：貯留相の反射波振幅分布図）

反射法地震探査

（Hovorka，2006）


445m

50md

100md

200md

400md

800md

Surface around Jepon-1 well

<- ---- 1km --- ->

Google Map

<- ---- 1km ------- ->

測線配置（黒：送信バイポール，赤：受信）

TDEM SURVEY

発電機

送信機

送信電極埋設状況

受信コイル（１成分）

Monitoring Station Plan

Monitoring Station Box with AC Power

Measurement: Continuous gravity by gPhoneContinuous ME observation by the borehole seismic system in a boreholeGroundwater level in the boreholeSoil moisture contentCO2 fluxWeather (Air Temp., Barometric Pressure, Precipitation)

gPhone

Borehole seismic system

Weather station

CONTENTS









SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORKS

ＪＳＴとＪＩＣＡの共同研究事業として５年計画で、インドネシアと日本の強い要請の下、東南アジアで最初のＣＣＳパイロット研究をインドネシアで始めた。

新しく生産が始まったグンディガス田で排出されるＣＯ２を分離し、近傍の適した砂岩層に貯留する計画である。貯留層評価を進めた結果，安全に貯留可能な砂岩層を見つけることができた。

同時に他の研究資金の支援も得て，注入設備の概念設計，ＣＣＳに係る法体系の検討，リスク解析，ＰＡ（パブリックアクセプタンス）に関する検討も進めた。

ＣＯ２のモニタリング技術として、ＴＤＥＭやgPhoneといった新しい手法を含む各種の手法の適用性を評価する計画である。日本同様、地震国であるインドネシアの特徴を利用した自然地震の利用についても研究する予定である。

今後，注入設備の設計・建設，ＣＯ２の注入，モニタリング手法の適用性評価を実施する予定である。

Thank you for your kind attention

ご清聴ありがとうございました

高橋亨（公益財団法人深田地質研究所）

Wawan Gunawan A. Kadir (Institut Teknologi Bandung)

松岡俊文 (京都大学)

Gundih CCS Project Team

Documents

Mr Toru Takahashi - Present and Future Works of Pilot Study for Carbon Sequestration and Monitoring in Gundih Area, Central Java Province, Indonesia