mRrjekyk % fganh jhMj&4vikrams.com/downloads/keybooks/primary/hindirastriyadwani...(x) fuca/kRed&iz'u! 1- eNqvkjs dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A eNqvkjk vius LoHkko ls

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mRrjekyk % fganh jhMj&4

ikB 1 % dkSu\ (dfork)vH;kl

ladfyr&ewY;kadu (SA)(d) vfry?kq mRrjh; iz'uA

1- jkr dks fn'kk dkSu fn[kkrk gS\pk¡nA

2- gfj;kyh dkSu iSQykrk gS\isM+A

3- fnu dks lksus&lk dkSu pedkrk gS\lwjtA

([k) y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- pk¡n vkSj lwjt dk D;k egRo gS\

pk¡n vkSj lwjt dk cgqr vf/d egRo gS] D;ksafd jkr osQ le; pk¡n dh pk¡nuh gh ge lcdks jkg fn[kkrh gS rFkk fnu dks lw;Z dk izdk'k gh pedkrk&nedkrk gSA

2- ioZr D;k cgkrs gSaAioZr LoPN ty osQ >jus cgkrs gSaA

3- ufn;k¡ lalkj dh I;kl fdl izdkj cq>krh gSa\ufn;ksa esa fueZy ty cgrk gSA ufn;k¡ vius blh fueZy ty ls lalkj dh I;kl cq>krh gSaA

4- ckny] isM+ vkSj iwQy gesa D;k nsrs gSa\ckny gesa o"kkZ] isM+ gesa gfj;kyh rFkk iwQy f[ky&f[kykdj g¡lus&eqldjkus dh lh[k nsrs gSaA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- bl dfork esa fdu&fdu izko`Qfrd oLrqvksa dk ftozQ gqvk gS\ mudh mi;ksfxrk Hkh crkb,A

bl dfork esa dbZ izko`Qfrd oLrqvksa dk ftozQ gqvk gS] tSls& pk¡n] lwjt] ioZr] ufn;k¡] isM+] iwQy] ckny vkfnAbudh mi;ksfxrk bl izdkj gS&(i) pk¡n gesa jkr osQ le; jkLrk fn[kkrk gSA(ii) lwjt gekjs fnu dks pedkrk gSA(iii) ioZr gekjs fy, >jus cgkrk gSA(iv) ufn;k¡ vius ty ls lcdh I;kl cq>krh gSaA(v) isM+ gfj;kyh ykrs gSaA(vi) iwQy gesa eqldjkus dh lh[k nsrs gSaA(vii)ckny gekjs fy, banz/uq"k cukrs gSaA

2- ;g dfork gesa D;k fl[kkrh gS\;g dfork gesa izko`Qfrd oLrqvksa osQ egRo ls voxr djkrh gS rFkk muosQ vuqie lkSan;Z osQ n'kZu djkrh gSA bl dfork dks i<+dj gekjs eu esa izo`Qfr izse tkxzr gksrk gSA

3- dfork dh os iafDr;k¡ <w¡<+dj fyf[k, ftudk vFkZ gS&(i) vxj u gksrk lwjt] fnu dks

lksuk&lk pedkrk dkSu\(ii) vxj u gksrh fueZy ufn;k¡

tx dh I;kl cq>krk dkSu\(iii) vxj u gksrs ckny] uHk esa

banz/uq"k jp ikrk] dkSu\ cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)

1- panzek 2- ufn;k¡ 3- iwQy

fgUnh jhMj&4

Hkk"kk ls(d) fp=k ns[kdj muosQ nks&nks uke fyf[k,A

pk¡n lwjt isM+ cknypanzek lw;Z o`{k es?k

([k) foykse 'kCn fyf[k,Ajkr & fnu fueZy & efyuHkyk & cqjk iwQy & dk¡Vkf[kyuk & eqj>kuk iz'u & mRrj

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)([k) jpukRed fozQ;kdyki

2- ufn;k¡ gekjh fofo/ izdkj ls enn djrh gSaA tSls&(i) buls ihus rFkk [ksrksa dh flapkbZ osQ fy, ty dh izkfIr gksrh gaSA(ii) ufn;ksa ij ck¡/ cukdj fon~;qr mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS rFkk lkFk eNfy;k¡ ikyh tkrh gSA(iii) cgqr&lh ufn;k¡ ukSogu osQ fy, iz;ksx dh tkrh gSaA

5- lqcg dk n`'; cM+k lqgkouk yxrk gSA lw;Z mn; gks jgk gSA ioZr ls >juk cg jgk gSA gjs&gjs isM+ >wers gq, ls yx jgs gSaA iwQyksa ij frrfy;k¡ e¡Mjk jgh gSaA yM+dh iwQyksa] frrfy;ksa vkSj leLr izko`Qfrd lqnajrk dks ns[kdj izlUurk ls iwQyh ugha lek jghA

ikB 2 % eNqvkfju dk ykyp (dgkuh)vH;kl


1- eNqvkjk dgk¡ jgrk Fkk\eNqvkjk ,d unh osQ fdukjs ij jgrk FkkA

2- uUgh eNyh dk jax oSQlk Fkk\lqugjhA

3- eNqvkfju dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ykyphA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- eNqvkjk vius ifjokj dk xqtkjk oSQls djrk Fkk\

eNqvkjk unh ls eNfy;k¡ idM+rk Fkk ftUgsa mldh iRuh ck”kkj esa csp vkrh FkhA eNfy;k¡ cspdj tks /u izkIr gksrk Fkk] mlh /u esa eNqvkjs osQ ifjokj dk xqtkjk gksrk FkkA

2- uUgh eNyh us eNqvkjs ls D;k dgk\uUgh eNyh u s eNvq kj s l s dgk fd& ^^vj s eNq vkj!s e aS dkbs Z lk/kj.k eNyh ugh a gA¡w e aS eNfy;k as dh jkuh gA¡w req e>q s NkMs + nkAs **

3- eNqvkjs us igyh ckj eNyh jkuh ls D;k ek¡xk\eNqvkjs us igyh ckj eNyh jkuh ls ?kj] oL=k] xgus] cjru vkSj [kkus&ihus dh ph”ksa ek¡xhA

4- eNqvkjs us viuh iRuh dks D;k le>k;k\eNqvkjs dks eNyh us thou dks lq[kh ;k lqfo/k laiUu cukus okyh lHkh ph”ksa ns nh Fkha] fdarq eNqvkfju fiQj Hkh ubZ&ubZ ek¡xsa is'k djus ij rqyh FkhA mlosQ blh O;ogkj dks ns[krs gq, eNqvkjs us mls le>k;k fd eNyh jkuh dh o`Qik ls gekjs ikl lcoqQN gS] vr% ykyp er djksA ykyp dk ifj.kke cqjk gksrk gSA

5- eNyh jkuh dks eNqvkfju ij ozQks/ D;ksa vk;k\eNyh jkuh us eNqvkfju dh gj rjg dh ek¡x iwjh dj nh FkhA fdarq og bruh vf/d ykyph Fkh fd mldk ykyp c<+rk gh x;k vkSj mlus viuh vafre bPNk eNyh jkuh dks vius ?kj ukSdjkuh cukdj j[kus osQ :i esa izdV dhA mldh bl bPNk osQ ckjs esa tkudj eNyh jkuh dks ml ij cgqr ozQks/ x;kA

6- eNqvkfju dks mlosQ ykyp dk D;k iQy feyk\eNqvkfju dks mlosQ ykyp dk cgqr cqjk iQy feykA og egyksa osQ BkV&ckV ls iqu% >ksaiM+s esa vk fxjh vFkok fiQj ls fu/Zurk vFkok vHkko dk thou thus ij foo'k gqbZA

12 fgUnh jhMj&4

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'u!1- eNqvkjs dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A

eNqvkjk vius LoHkko ls cgqr gh usd] n;kyq rFkk bZekunkj O;fDr FkkA mls vius bUgha xq.kksa osQ dkj.k fcuk fdlh LokFkZ osQ lqugjh eNyh dks tky ls fudkydj fiQj ls unh esa Mky fn;kA eNyh osQ dgus ij Hkh mlus mlls oqQN ugha ek¡xkA fdarq ckn esa viuh iRuh osQ foo'k fd, tkus ij u pkgrs gq, Hkh eNyh jkuh ls viuh dbZ bPNk,¡ iwjh djokbZaA ykyph iRuh dks le>k;k] ijarq mlosQ u ekuus ij Hkh og mldk ykyp iwjk djus osQ fy, eNyh osQ ikl tkus osQ fy, foo'k gksrk jgkA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd og n;kyq vkSj bZekunkj rks Fkk fdarq nCcw] fu.kZ; ysus esa detksj ,oa ew[kZ O;fDr Hkh FkkA

2- eNyh jkuh us eNqvkjs dh dkSu&dkSu&lh bPNk,¡ iwjh dhaAeNyh jkuh us eNqvkjs dh dbZ bPNk,¡ iwjh dha] tSls&(i) igyh ckj mlus eNqvkjs dks ?kj] oL=k] xgus] cjru rFkk [kkus&ihus dh ph”ksa nhaA(ii) nwljh ckj eNyh jkuh us mldks c¡xyk] [ksr] ?kksM+k&xkfM+;k¡ rFkk ukSdj&pkdj fn,A(iii) rhljh ckj mlus eNqvkjs dks jktk rFkk eNqvkfju dks jkuh cuk;k rFkk mUgsa jktegy ,oa jkT; iznku fd;kA

3- eNqvkfju osQ ykyp us dc gn ikj dh vkSj mls mldk D;k naM feyk\eNyh jkuh us eNqvkfju dks gj rjg dk lq[k iznku fd;kA ;gk¡ rd fd mldks jktegy rFkk jkT; nsdj jktk jkuh cuus dk lq[k Hkh fn;kA fdarq ykyph eNqvkfju dk ykyp de u gqvkA mlus vius ykyp osQ dkj.k viuh vafre bPNk eNyh jkuh dks viuh ukSdjkuh cukdj vius lkFk vius ?kj esa j[kus dh izdV dhA mldh ;g bPNk mlosQ ykyp dh ân; FkhA eNyh jkuh dks ml ij cgqr ozQks/ vk;k ,oa mlus tks oqQN Hkh eNqvkfju dks fn;k Fkk] lc okil ys fy;kA bl izdkj eNqvkjk ifjokj egyksa ls iqu% >ksaiM+s esa vk x;kA ;g lc eNqvkfju osQ ykyp dh gn ikj gksus dk gh naM FkkA

4- lgh 'kCn pqudj fjDr LFkku Hkfj,A(i) eNqvkjk (ii) tky (iii) oL=k] xgus (iv) jktegy] jkT; (v) ukSdjkuh

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- jkuh 2- ykyph 3- viuh ukSdjkuh

Hkk"kk ls(d) foykse 'kCnksa ls feyku dhft,A

xq.k & voxq.k cM+k & NksVklgh & xyr ukjkt & jkthlqanj & oqQ:i vanj & ckgjfo'kky & Yk?kq ukSdj & ekfyd>ksaiM+h & egy bPNk & vufPNk

([k) opu cnfy,A>ksaiM+h & >ksaifM;k¡ jkuh & jkfu;k¡unh & ufn;k¡ dgkuh & dgkfu;k¡iRuh & ifRu;k¡ ?kksM+k & ?kksM+seNyh & eNfy;k¡ xkM+h & xkfM+;k¡

(x) tkfrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ij xksys yxkb,A

iRuh uko tky ifr

ckny cjru ?kksM+k xkM+h

?kj canj egy jktk jkuh

(?k) fp=kksa dk feyku muosQ ukeksa ls dhft,A

uko] Mksaxh] uS;kv'o] ?kksM+k] rqjaxunh] lfjrk] rfVuh

eRL;] >l] eNyh?kj] vky;] x`gjktk] uì] ujs'k

13 fgUnh jhMj&4

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)([k) jpukRed&fozQ;kdyki

1- ykyp dk iQy cqjk gh gksrk gSA3- eNyh dNqvk Ogsy(i) dye (ii) dey (iii) vke (iv) Nyh (v) dyh

ikB 3 % dksbZ dke NksVk ugha gksrk (dgkuh)vH;kl


1- /uh O;kikjh osQ fdrus csVs Fks\nks csVsA

2- eukst oSQlk yM+dk Fkk\le>nkj vkSj esgurhA

3- eukst us fdlls dke lh[kk\eksphA

([k) y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- /uh O;kikjh dh fpark dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\

/uh O;kikjh dh fpark dk dkj.k mldh vikj /u&laifRr Fkh] D;ksafd mldk cM+k csVk cgqr vf/d vkylh rFkk fuBYyk FkkA tcfd mldk NksVk csVk mez esa cgqr de FkkA blh dkj.k O;kikjh dks yxrk Fkk fd mlosQ ckn mldh /u&laifRr dh ns[kHkky ugha gks losQxhA

2- eukst jkst 'kke dks D;k djrk Fkk\eukst jkst 'kke dks ck”kkj esa ,d eksph dh nqdkj ij tk cSBrk Fkk vkSj mlls twrs cukus dh dyk lh[krk Fkk\

3- eksph us eukst ls D;k dgk\eksph us eukst ls dgk fd&csVk] rqe jkst ;gk¡ vkdj cSB tkrs gks vkSj esjk dke ns[krs jgrs gksA D;k rqe ;g dke lh[kuk pkgrs gks\ fdarq rqe rks /uh lsB osQ csVs gks] rqEgsa ;g dke lh[kus dh D;k vko';drk gS\

4- nhid us eukst dks D;ksa Mk¡Vk \eukst eksph dh nqdku ij cSBdj twrs cukus dke de lh[krk Fkk ftls nhid NksVk dke le>rk Fkk vkSj eukst dk eksph cuuk mlosQ fy, vieku dh ckr FkhA blfy, mlus eukst dks ml dke ls nwj cus jgus osQ fy, Mk¡VkA

5- xzkgd eksph ls cgl D;ksa dj jgk Fkk\xzkgd eksph ls cgl dj jgk Fkk] D;ksafd eksph us le; ij mlosQ twrs ugha cuk, FksA

6- var esa nhid us eukst ls {kek D;ksa ek¡xh\firk n~okjk izkIr lkjh laifRr yqV tkus osQ ckn nksuksa HkkbZ jksVh osQ fy, rjl x, FksA fdarq eukst osQ ikl twrs cukus dk gquj Fkk ftlosQ cy ij esgur djosQ mlus /u dek;k vkSj twrksa dk O;kikjh cu cSBkA ;g lc ns[kdj nhid dks le> esa vk x;k fd dksbZ dke NksVk ;k cqjk ugha gksrk A vr% mlus viuh bl xyrh dks lq/kjus osQ fy, eukst ls ekiQh ek¡xhA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- O;kikjh osQ csVksa dks nqHkkZX; dk lkeuk D;ksa djuk iM+k\ eukst us mlls fuiVus osQ fy, D;k fd;k\

O;kikjh osQ ejus osQ ckn mlosQ nksuksa csVksa osQ ikl dkiQh /u&laifRr cph FkhA os nksuksa ml /u&laifRr osQ lgkjs vPNk thou O;rhr dj jgs FksA fdarq HkkX; us mudk lkFk ugha fn;kA ,d fnu mudh gosyh esa MoSQrh iM+ xbZA MkowQ lkjk /u ywVdj ys x,A mlosQ ckn tks oqQN cpk Fkk og Hkh /hjs&/hjs fcd x;k vkSj nksuksa Hkkb;ksa dk xqtkjk eqf'dy gks x;kA ijarq NksVs HkkbZ eukst us fgEer ugha gkjhA og ,d nwljs 'kgj esa vkdj eksph dk dke djus yxk rFkk fnu&jkr esgur djosQ twrksa dk cM+k O;kikjh cu x;kA bl rjg mldh esgur ls fiQj ls nkuksa Hkkb;ksa dk thou lq[k ls O;rhr gksus yxkA

2- eukst cM+k le>nkj vkSj esgurh yM+dk FkkA bl dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij crkb,] oSQls\eukst ,d /uh O;kikjh dk csVk FkkA mlosQ ikl fdlh rjg dh vkfFkZd raxh u FkhA fadarq fiQj Hkh mlus eksph osQ ikl cSBdj twrs cukus dh dyk lh[khA mlus fdlh dke dks NksVk u le>kA fiQj tc muosQ ?kj MoSQrh iM+h rFkk os ,dk,d fu/Zu gks x, rks eukst us mlh twrs cukus dh dyk osQ cy ij /u dekuk 'kq: fd;k rFkk fnu&jkr dke djosQ twrksa dk cM+k O;kikjh cu x;kA bu lc ckrksa osQ vk/kj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd eukst ,d le>nkj vkSj esgurh yM+dk FkkA

14 fgUnh jhMj&4

3- dksbZ Hkh dke cqjk vFkok NksVk ugha gksrkA ;g vki oSQls dg ldrs gSa\ eukst dks mnkgj.k osQ :i esa ysrs gq, mRrj nhft,Alalkj esa izR;sd dke dk viuk ,d fo'ks"k egRo vFkok xfjek gksrh gSA blfy, dgk tk ldrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh dke cqjk vFkok NksVk ugha gksrk gSA ;fn ge ;gh ckr bl dgkuh osQ ik=k eukst dks ysdj fln~/ djuk pkgsa rks Lor% gh fln~/ gks tkrh gSA D;ksafd mlus ,d lsB dk csVk gksrs gq, Hkh twrs cukus dk dke lh[kk Fkk] fiQj mlh dke osQ cy ij thou esa eupkgh mUufr dhA ;fn og eksph osQ dke dks NksVk le>rk rks ,slk dHkh u dj ikrkA

4- lgh okD; osQ fy, (3) rFkk xyr okD; osQ fy, (5) dk fpg~u yxkb,&(i) 3 (ii) 3 (iii) 5 (iv) 5 (iv) 3

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- vkylh 2- dksbZ dke cqjk ugha gksrk 3- eukst

Hkk"kk ls(d) uhps fn, x, okD;ksa ls loZuke 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,A

1- mlosQ 2- rqe 3- eSa] mldh 4- og 5- os] gesa([k) foykse 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,A

/uh & fu/Zu vkylh & pqLrle>nkj & ew[kZ g¡luk & jksukcqjk & Hkyk nqHkkZX; & lkSHkkX;xq.k & voxq.k mik; & fujQik;

(x) uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa lgh txg ij vuqLokj ( a ) rFkk panzfcanq ( ¡ ) dh ek=k yxkb,Avagdkj Mk¡Vuk g¡luk 'kkar lqanj ik¡ofpark ;gk¡ lalkj ilan igq¡pk vk¡[k


3- (i) ukbZ (ii) vè;kid (iii) oqQEgkj (iv) /ksch (iv) ekyhikB 4 % fozQlel dk fnu (ukVd)

vH;klladfyr&ewY;kadu (SA)(d) vfry?kq mRrjh; iz'uA

1- dkSu&lk R;ksgkj euk;k tk jgk Fkk\fozQlelA

2- ckyd osQ ikl fdrus iSls Fks\iwjk ,d jQi;kA

3- nsonwr us ckyd dks D;k fn;k\osQdA

([k) y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- ckyd dh mnklh dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\

fozQlel dk R;ksgkj FkkA lHkh yksx migkj vkSj osQd [kjhndj fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ euk jgs FksA fdarq ckyd cgqr xjhc FkkA mlosQ ikl fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ eukus osQ fy, iSls ugha FksA blh dkj.k ckyd mnkl FkkA

2- ckyd dks iSls nsrs gq, cw<+s us D;k dgk\ckyd dks iSls nsrs gq, cw<+s us dgk fd ;s yks] eSa rqEgsa oqQN iSls nsrk gw¡A bu iSlksa ls rqe fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ eukvksA

3- osQd [kjhnus osQ ckn ?kj tkrs gq, ckyd D;k lksp jgk Fkk\ckyd ?kj tkrs gq, lksp jgk Fkk fd eq>s osQd fey x;kA ml cqtqxZ dh o`Qik ls eq>s Hkh fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ eukus dk volj fey x;kA vc eSa ?kj igq¡prs gh nknkth osQ lkFk feydj fozQlel eukmQ¡xkA mUgsa Hkh [kkus dks osQd nw¡xk vkSj [kqn Hkh [kkmQ¡xkA

4- chekj O;fDr us ckyd ls D;k fourh dh\chekj O;fDr cgqr vf/d Hkw[kk FkkA tc mlus ckyd dks ns[kk rks mls jksddj fourh djus yxk fd csVk n;k djksA [kkus osQ fy, oqQN ns nksA dbZ fnuksa ls oqQN ugha [kk;k gSA ;fn vkSj FkksM+h nsj Hkw[kk jgk rks esjs izk.k fudy tk,¡xsA

15 fgUnh jhMj&4

5- nsonwr dkSu Fkk vkSj ckyd osQ ikl D;ksa vk;k Fkk\nsonwr osQ :i esa ogh chekj O;fDr Fkk ftldks ckyd us osQd fn;k FkkA og ckyd dks osQd nsus osQ fy, vk;k FkkA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- fozQlel osQ fnu ck”kkj esa oSQlh pgy&igy Fkh\

fozQlel osQ fnu ck”kkj esa yksxksa dh HkhM+ yxh FkhA yksx vius rFkk vius lxs&lacf/;ksa osQ fy, migkj vkSj osQd [kjhn jgs FksA yksx izlUu Fks vkSj migkj ysdj vius&vius ?kjksa dh vksj tk jgs FksA ck”kkj dh gj lM+d O;Lr u”kj vk jgh FkhA

2- ckyd osQd [kjhnus ij Hkh fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ D;ksa ugha euk ldk\ckyd dks cw<+s us ,d jQi;k fn;k ftlls mlus ,d osQd [kjhnkA osQd ysdj og vius ?kj dh vksj py fn;kA og ?kj igq¡pdj vius cw<+s nknkth osQ lkFk feydj fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ eukuk pkgrk FkkA fdarq jkLrs esa ckyd dks ,d chekj O;fDr fey tks Hkw[k ls rM+i jgk FkkA mlus nks fnu ls oqQN Hkh ugha [kk;k FkkA ckyd dks ml chekj ij n;k vk xbZA blfy, mlus viuk osQd mls [kkus osQ fy, ns fn;k rFkk [kkyh gkFk ?kj ykSV x;kA bl izdkj ckyd osQd [kjhnus osQ ckn Hkh fozQlel dh [kqf'k;k¡ ugha euk ldkA

3- ckyd dh xjhch dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ckyd cgqr vf/d xjhc FkkA mldh xjhch dk dkj.k mlosQ ekrk&firk dk u gksuk FkkA D;ksafd mlosQ ekrk&firk dk nsgkar gks pqdk FkkA mlosQ ?kj esa osQoy cw<+s nknk th gh Fks tks vius cq<+kis osQ dkj.k oqQN dke ugah dj ikrs FksA fiQj iSls dgk¡ ls vkrs\ ckyd dks gh fdlh izdkj viuk rFkk vius nknkth dk isV ikyuk iM+rk FkkA

4- ckyd ij bZ'oj us fo'ks"k o`Qik D;ksa n'kkZbZ\ckyd cgqr xjhc FkkA mlosQ ikl osQd [kjhnus osQ fy, iSls u FksA cw<+s O;fDr us ml ij n;k djosQ mls oqQN iSls fn, rks ckyd us osQd [kjhnkA fdarq jkLrs esa ckyd dks ,d Hkw[kk chekj O;fDr feykA og Hkw[k ls rM+i jgk FkkA ckyd dks ml ij n;k vk xbZ vkSj mlus viuk osQd mldks ns fn;kA ckyd tkurk Fkk fd mlosQ ikl nwljk osQd [kjhnus osQ fy, iSls ugha gSaA fdarq fiQj Hkh mlus ml Hkw[ks chekj O;fDr dks viuk osQd [kq'kh&[kq'kh ns fn;kA ckyd dh blh n;kyqrk ls izHkkfor gksdj bZ'oj us ml ij fo'ks"k o`Qik n'kkZbZA

5- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,&fozQlel & fozQlel dk R;ksgkj euk;k tk jgk FkkA[kqf'k;k¡ & R;ksgkj lcosQ fy, [kqf'k;k¡ ysdj vkrs gSaA/U;okn & tks vius dke vk, mldk /U;okn vo'; djksAvar/kZu & oqQN gh le; ckn nsonwr var/kZu gks x;kAmnkl & ckyd cgqr mnkl fn[k jgk FkkA

6- fdlus] fdlus dgk] fyf[k,A(i) ckyd us cw<+s O;fDr ls dgkA(ii) cw<+s O;fDr us ckyd ls dgkA(iii) chekj O;fDr us ckyd ls dgkA(iv) nsonwr us ckyd ls dgkA

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- osQd 2- chekj O;fDr 3- nsonwr

Hkk"kk ls(d) if<+,] lef>, vkSj fyf[k,A

R; & R;ksgkj R;kx'; & ';ke ';kyU; & vU; U;k;Re & vkRek ijekRek

([k) buosQ lkeukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,Ackyd & cPpk [kq'kh & izlUurkR;ksgkj & ioZ cw<+k & o`n~/chekj & jQX.k bZ'oj & ijekRekjkLrk & ekxZ xjhc & nfjnz

16 fgUnh jhMj&4

17

(x) uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks mfpr LraHkksa esa fyf[k,A

ª j Z z

xjhc o"kZ fozQlel jk"Vªj{kd deZ Hkze MªebZ'oj ioZr uez Vªdchekj vFkZ izdk'k Vsªu


2- R;ksgkjksa dk gekjs thou esa cgqr vf/d egRo gSA R;ksgkj gekjs thou esa [kqf'k;k¡ ysdj vkrs gSaA ;s gesa ijLij ,d&nwljs osQ fudV ykrs gSa rFkk ,drk o izse osQ lw=k esa ck¡/rs gSaA R;ksgkjksa osQ cgkus thou dh O;Lrrk ls eqDr gksdj euksjatu djus dk le; feyrk gSA R;ksgkj gesaa gekjh ijaijkvksa ,oa laLo`Qfr ls tksM+s j[krs gSaA R;ksgkj cgqr ls yksxksa dh vkthfodk dekus dk lk/u Hkh curs gSaA

3- (i) nhikoyh (ii) bZn (iii) n'kgjk (iv) gksyh (v) j{kk ca/u (vi) cSlk[kh (vii) jkeuoeh (viii) iksaxyikB 5 % ,drk esa cy (dfork)


1- D;k Vidrk gS\ikuh dh cw¡nA

2- iqjoS;k dk D;k vFkZ gS\iqjoS;k dk vFkZ gS& iwoZ dh vksj ls vkus okyh gokA

3- cw¡n&cw¡n osQ feyus ls D;k curk gS\lkxjA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- vosQyh cw¡n osQ lkFk D;k&D;k gksrk gS\

vosQyh cw¡n osQ lkFk dbZ rjg dh ?kVuk,¡ ?kVrh gSaA tSls& mls iaNh vkdj ih tkrk gS] iqjoS;k vius lkFk mM+k ys tkrh gS vkSj vk¡xu dh ekVh mls lw[kk nsrh gSAisM+

2- djksM+ksa cw¡nsa lkFk&lkFk fxjus ij D;k gksrk gS\djksM+ksa cw¡nsa ,d lkFk fxjus ij muesa lkxj dh&lh rkdr vk tkrh gS rFkk os fo'kky ygjksa dk :i ysdj ygjkus yxrh gSaA fiQj u rks mUgsa iqjoS;k mM+k ikrh gS rFkk u gh vk¡xu dh ekVh lw[kk ikrh gSA

3- ,drk esa cM+h rkdr D;ksa gksrh gS\,drk esa cM+h rkdr gksrh gS] D;ksafd ,drk osQ lkeus cM+h ls cM+h 'kfDr ugha fVd ikrhA blosQ vfrfjDr ,drk osQ cy ij vlaHko dk;Z Hkh laHko cu tkrk gSA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- uhps fn, x, in~;ka'k dk HkkokFkZ Li"V dhft,A

HkkokFkZ & dfo ikuh dh cw¡n dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, dgrk gS fd ,d cw¡n ls nwljh cw¡n feydj vFkok djksM+ksa cw¡nsa feydj lkxj dk :i ys ysrh gSaA mlh izdkj iwQy ls iwQy feydj peu dk mn~;ku ;k vkSj ?kj ls ?kj feydj cLrh dk :i ys ysrk gSA ;s lHkh ,drk dh rkdr osQ mnkgj.k gSaA vr% ,drk gh og gS ftlesa lnSo rkdr dk okl gksrk gSA

2- bu 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~/ :i esa fyf[k, rFkk buls okD; cukb,AiqjoS;k & iqjoS;k iwoZ dh vkSj ls vkus okyh gok dks dgrs gSaAvk¡xu & ?kj vk¡xu lki+Q&LoPN jguk pkfg,Alkxj & cw¡n&cw¡n ls feydj lkxj curk gSApeu & iwQy&iwQy ls feydj peu curk gSA

fgUnh jhMj&4

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- cw¡n dks ih tkrk gS 2- peu 3- rkdr

Hkk"kk ls(d) i;kZ;okph 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,A

iaNh iwQy ckny goki{kh iq"i ?ku lehj

([k) o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,Avk¡xu µ vk $ ¡ $ x~ $ v $ u~ $ vrkykc µ r~ $ vk $ y~ $ vk $ c~ $ vlkxj µ l~ $ vk $ x~ $ v $ j~ $ vcLrh µ c~ $ v $ l~ $ r~ $ bZ

(x) uhps fn, x, 'kCn&;qXeksa esa fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ dk varj Li"V dhft,AlkFk & lax ikuh & tylkr & la[;k lkr ikf.k & gkFklkxj & leqnz fxjh & cht ;k nkuklkxj & ,d lw;Zaoa'kh jkt dk uke fxfj & ioZr?kj & x`g iwQy & iq"i/j & /juk ;k /kj.k djuk iqQry & iwQyk gqvk

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAjpukRed&ewY;kadu&1 (Formative Assessment-1)([k) fp=k ns[kdj NksVh&lh dgkuh cqfu,A

,d [kjxks'k FkkA mldk fe=k ,d rksrk FkkA nksuksa lkFk&lkFk ,d gh taxy esa jgrs FksA nksuksa dks iQy [kkuk cgqr ilan FkkA ,d ckj nksuksa us ,d iQynkj isM+ yxkus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA os ,d uUgk ikS/k ysdj vk, vkSj mls taxy esa ,d [kqyh txg ij jksi fn;kA nksuksa us feydj ml ikS/s dh [kwc ns[kHkky dhA le; ij ikuh fn;kA oqQN gh lkyksa esa og uUgk ikS/k fo'kky isM+ cu x;k vkSj ml ij ehBs&ehBs iQy yx vk,A vc rksrk isM+ ij cSBdj iQy [kkrk rFkk vius fe=k [kjxks'k osQ fy, iosQ&iosQ iQy rksM+ dj uhps fxjk nsrkA [kjxks'k isM+ osQ uhps cSBdj mu iQyksa dks cM+s gh vkuan osQ lkFk [kkrkAikB 6 % ukjn dk okjk.klh Hkze.k (O;aX;)


1- ukjn fdl uxjh osQ Hkze.k ij vk, Fks\okjk.klhA

2- ukjn dh bPNk D;k [kkus dh Fkh\okjk.klh dk ikuA

3- ykyk th D;k [kjhnuk pkgrk Fkk\ukjn dh oh.kkA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- ukjn th us okjk.klh igq¡pdj eu&gh&eu esa D;k lkspk\

ukjn th us okjk.klh igq¡pdj eu&gh&eu esa okjk.klh dk izfln~/ iku [kkus osQ ckjs esa lkspk] D;ksafd ;gk¡ osQ iku iazfln~f/ osQ ckjs esa mUgksaus nsoykssd esa gh irk py x;k FkkA

2- ckyd dkSu Fkk\ mlus ukjn th ls D;k dgk\ckyd lsB idkSM+h yky dk csVk FkkA mlus ukjn th ls dgk fd & ^vkidks gekjs ckcw th cqyk jgs gSaA

3- ykyk th D;k [kjhnuk pkgrk Fkk vkSj D;ksa\ykyk th ukjn th ls mldh oh.kk [kjhnuk pkgrk Fkk] D;ksafd mldk yM+dk ml oh.kk dks ysus dh ftn dj jgk FkkA

18 fgUnh jhMj&4

4- var esa ykyk th osQ lkFk D;k gqvk\var ykyk th ukjn dh ckr ij ozQksf/r gks x, rFkk mls idM+us osQ fy, ml ij >iVsA fdarq ukjn th ,dk,d var/kZu gks x, rFkk ykyk th dk iSj fiQly x;kA og /Ee ls uhps tk fxjs rFkk Hkxoku dks I;kjs gks x,A

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- nqdku esa cqykdj ykyk th us ukjn ls D;k dgk\ yky th dh ckr dk ukjn ij D;k izHkko iM+k\

nqdku esa cqykdj ykyk th us ukjn ls dgk fd&ckck th vki viuh bl oh.kk dks eq>s csp nhft,A vki blosQ ftrus iSls pkgsa eSa ns nw¡xkA D;ksafd vkidh ;g oh.kk esjs csVs osQ eu esa cl xbZ gSA ykyk th dh ckr lqudj ukjn vk'p;Z esa iM+ x;kA og okjk.klh dk iku [kkus dh ckr dks Hkwy x;k vkSj mlus ogk¡ ls rqjar okil ykSV tkus esa gh viuh HkykbZ le>hA

2- ykyk th dh csflj&iSj dh ckrsa lqudj ukjn th us D;k fd;k rFkk mldk D;k urhtk fudyk\ykyk th dh csflj&iSj dh ckr lqudj ukjn dks etkd lw>kA os tSls dks rSlk mRrj nsrs gq, cksys&^gk¡] rqEgkjh 'kfDr dk vanktk rks rqEgkjh eksVh rksan ls gh yx jgk gSA fdarq rqEgkjh cqn~f/ 'kk;n rqEgkjh bl rksan ls Hkh eksVh gS tks uke idkS+Mh yky j[kok;kA vU;Fk okjk.klh osQ fglkc ls rqEgkjk uke dpkSM+h yky gksuk pkfg, FkkA* mudh bl ckr dks lqudj ykyk th dks xqLlk vk x;k Rkks os ukjn th ij >iVsA ukjn th mlh {k.k var/kZu gks x, vkSj ykyk th dk iSj fiQly x;kA /M+ke ls ”kehu ij tk fxjs vkSj fxjrs gh muosQ izk.k i[ksjQ mM+ x,A

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,&(i) euksgkjh] izlUurk (ii) lqiwr (iii) ”kehu (iv) nsoyksd (v) nqdku

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- okjk.klh 2- idkSM+h 3- csVs osQ fy,

Hkk"kk ls(d) foykse 'kCn fyf[k,A

laqnj 5 oqQ:i nsoyksd 5 HkwyksdvPNk 5 cqjk eksVk 5 iryklqiwr 5 oqQiwr bPNk 5 vfuPNk

([k) uhps fn, x, eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj okD; cukb,A1- iSjksa rys dh ”kehu f[klduk & ?kcjk tkukA

ykyk th dh ckr lqudj ukjn th osQ iSjksa rys ls ”kehu f[kld xbZA2- ty&Hkqu tkuk&ozQks/ esa vkukA

mlus ty&Hkqudj eq>s ?kj ls ckgj fudky fn;kA3- vkx ccwyk gksuk & ozQks/ esa vkukA

cPps dks pksjh djrs ns[kdj firk vkx ccwyk gks x;kA4- tSls dks rSlk&O;fDr osQ O;odkj osQ vuq:i gh O;ogkj djukA

tSls dks rSlk lalkj dk fu;e gSA(x) buosQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,A

iq=k & csVk lqr vkRetHkxoku & bZ'oj bZ'k ijekRekbPNk & dkeuk vkdka{kk pkg”kehu & /jrh /jk eghvkx & vfXu vuy gqrk'kunsg & dk;k 'kjhj ru

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAikB 7 % LokFkhZ nkuo (dgkuh)


1- cPps fdlosQ cxhps esa [ksyrs Fks\cPps nkuo osQ cxhps esa [ksyrs FksA

19 fgUnh jhMj&4

2- nkuo fdlosQ cxhps esa [ksyrs Fks\nko vius fe=k osQ ;gk¡ x;k gqvk FkkA

3- nkuo dks fdl ij ozQks/ vk;k\nkuo dks cPpksa ij ozQks/ vk;kA

4- lcls mQ¡ph vkok”k esa dkSu g¡l jgk Fkk\lcls mQ¡ph vkok”k esa nkuo g¡l jgk FkkA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- nkuo osQ cxhps dh 'kksHkk oSQlh Fkh\

nkuo dk cxhpk cgqr cM+k vkSj lqanj FkkA ml cxhps dh ”kehu ij mxh uje&uje ?kkl ,d xyhps osQ leku fn[krh FkhA tgk¡&rgk¡ D;kfj;ksa esa lqanj ,oa jax&fcajxs iwQy f[kys gq, FksA isM+ksa ij cSBs i{kh e/qj xhr xk jgs FksA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd nkuo osQ cxhps dh 'kksHkk ns[kus ls gh curh FkhA

2- cxhps esa cPpksa dks [ksyrs ns[kdj nkuo us D;k fd;k\cxhps esa cPpksa dks [ksyrs ns[kdj nkuo dks cgqr xqLlk vk;kA og cPpksa ij fpYyk;k vkSj mUgsa ogk¡ ls Hkxk fn;kA

3- r[rh ij D;k fy[kk gqvk Fkk\r[rh ij fy[kk gqvk Fkk fd & ^cxhps esa izos'k djuk euk gSA*

4- cPps /wyHkjh lM+d ij [ksyrs le; D;k lksprs jgrs Fks\cPps /wyHkjh lM+d ij [ksyrs le; cxhps dh uje&uje ?kkl osQ xyhps rFkk isM+ksa dh 'khry Nk;k osQ ckjs esa lksprs jgrs FksA

5- nkuo us f[kM+dh ls ckgj D;k ns[kk\nkuo us f[kM+dh ls ckgj ,d fpfM+;k dks pgpgkrs gq, ns[kkA mls fpfM+;k dk pgpgkuk LofxZd laxhr osQ leku yxkA

6- nkuo us NksVs ckyd osQ lkFk oSQlk O;ogkj fd;k vkSj D;ksa\nkuo us NksVs ckyd osQ lkFk izseiwoZd O;ogkj fd;k rFkk mls viuh ck¡gksa esa mBkdj isM+ dh Mky ij cSBk fn;kA mlus ,slk blfy, fd;k] D;ksafd nkuo dks irk py x;k Fkk fd LokFkZ cqjh ph”k gSA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- nkuo cgqr LokFkhZ FkkA crkb,] oSQls\

nkou dk cxhpk cgqr cM+k vkSj lqanj FkkA mldh ”kehu ij uje&uje ?kkl dk xyhpk fcNk gqvk FkkA D;kfj;ksa esa jax&fcajxs iwQy f[kys FksA isM+ Hkh iwQy&iQyksa ls yns gq, FksA cPpksa dks nkuo dk ;g cxhpk cgqr ilan FkkA os bls vius [ksyus dk LofxZd LFky ekurs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd nkuo osQ ogk¡ u jgus ij os cxhps eas ?kqldj [ksyus yxs FksA fdarq tSls gh nkuo ogk¡ vk;k] mlus rqjar cPpksa dks ogk¡ ls Hkxk fn;kA fiQj cxhps esa ?kqlus osQ fy, lHkh n~okj can djok fn,A lkFk gh mlesa izos'k u djus dh lwpuk fy[kdj n~okj ij ,d r[rh Hkh Vk¡x nhA nkuo ml cxhps osQ izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z dk ykHk vosQyk gh mBkuk pkgrk FkkA vr% bu lc ckrksa ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd nkuo LokFkhZ FkkA

2- nkuo osQ cxhps eas olar nsj ls RkFkk oSQls igq¡pk\nkuo LokFkhZ FkkA og vius cxhps esa fdlh dks Hkh izso'k ugha djus nsrk FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd mlus NksVs&NksVs cPpksa dks Hkh cxhps esa [ksyus dh b”kktr ugha nhA mlus cPpksa ij viuk xqLlk fn[kkrs gq, ogk¡ ls Hkxk fn;k FkkA fiQj cxhps osQ pkjksa vksj m¡Qph nhokj djok nh rkfd cPps mlesa izos'k u dj ik,¡A cxhps dk lq[k Nhu tkus ij cPps cgqr nq%[kh FksA blh dkj.k olar Hkh nq%[kh gks x;k Fkk vkSj og nkou ls ukjkt gksdj mlosQ cxhps esa u vk;kA fdarq ckn esa tc nkuo us cPpksa dks cxhps esa [ksyus dh btktr ns nh vkSj vius LokFkZ dks R;kx fn;k rks olar Hkh [kq'k gksdj mlosQ cxhps esa igq¡p x;kA

3- nkuo dk ân; ifjorZu dc rFkk oSQls gqvk\tc olar osQ vkus ij Hkh nkuo osQ cxhps osQ ohjkuh NkbZ jgh] rc mldk eu cM+k nq%[kh gqvkA fiQj ,d fnu mlus ns[kk fd oqQN cPps nhokj esa cus lqjk[k ls cxhps esa izos'k dj vk, gSa rFkk isM+ksa osQ vklikl [kq'kh ls ukp jgs gSaA isM+ksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ >we&>wedj mudk Lokxr dj jgh gSaA isM+ksa ij ubZ dksaiys iwQV vkbZ gSa vkSj ikS/ksa ij jax&fcjaxs iwQy f[ky vk, gSaA if{k;ks osQ pgpgkus ls cxhps esa ,d eueksgd n`'; mRiUu gks x;k gSA nkuo us tSls gh ;g n`'; ns[kk] mldk ân; fi?ky x;k vkSj mlus cPpksa dks vius cxhps esa [ksyus dh btktr nsrs gq, nhokj rksM+us dk fu.kZ; dj fy;kA

4- yksxksa dks fdl ckr ij vk'p;Z gqvk vkSj D;ksa\cPpksa osQ cxhps eas [ksyus rFkk nkuo osQ LokFkhZ ls mnkj gks tkus ij cxhps dk lkSan;Z iw.kZ :i ls ykSV vk;k FkkA nkuo cPpksa ls cgqr izlUu Fkk vkSj og cPpksa osQ lkFk [ksyus esa eLr FkkA tc yksx cxhps osQ ikl ls xqtjs rks mUgsa ;g ns[kdj cM+k vk'p;Z gqvk fd nkuo cPpksa osQ lkFk [ksy jgk gS vkSj muosQ lkFk g¡lh&BgkosQ yxk jgk gSA

110 fgUnh jhMj&4

5- lgh okD; osQ fy, (3) dk vkSj xyr okD; osQ fy, (5)dk fpg~u yxkb,&(i) 3 (ii) 5 (iii) 5 (iv) 3 (v) 3

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- if{k;ksa dk xkuk lquuk 2- B¡wB dh rjg mnkl 3- olar 4- isM+ dh 'kk[kk ij

Hkk"kk ls(d) vc] bu fo'ks";ksa osQ lkeus mfpr fo'ks"k.k pqudj fyf[k,A

BaMh gok NksVk i{khlqanj iwQy cM+k lqjk[kehBk iQy iryh VguhLokFkhZ nkuo Mjkouk n`';ubZ dksaiys yach lM+d

([k) mfpr feyku dhft,Acxhpk & mn~;ku] miou] ckx

isM+ & o`{k] ikni] rjQ

iwQy & iq"i] lqeu] oqQlqe

ckyd & cPpk] cky] yM+dk

gok & ok;q] lehj] vfuy

(x) m ( q) rFkk mQ ( ) dh ek=kk ykxkdj 'kCnksa dks nksckjk fyf[k,Aw+lqanj vkMw e/qj Hkqykdj

lqjk[k lqxa/ fdarq ÍrqHkwy gw¡ pcwrjk vuqie

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)([k) jpukRed fozQ;kdyki

1- xqM+gy 2- dey 3- pesyh 4- xqykc 5- xsank2- bl dgkuh ls geus ;g f'k{kk yh gS fda gesa dHkh LokFkhZ ugha cuuk pkfg,] cfYd fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls lcosQA lkFk izse ls

jguk pkfg,AikB 8 % izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z dh Hkwfe&mQVh (i;ZVu)


1- mQVh fdl jkT; esa fLFkr gS\rfeyukMqA

2- mQVh dk u;k uke D;k gS\mnxeaMyeA

3- mQVh esa ouLifr mn~;ku dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ Fkh\lu~ 1847 bZñ esaA

4- mQVh dk lcls iqjkuk ioZrh; i;ZVu LFky dkSu&lk gS\dksVkfxfjA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- mQVh 'gj dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft,A

mQVh vFkok mVdeamy rfeyukMq dk vuwBk 'kgj gSA ;g dukZVd rFkk rfeyukMq dh lhek ij fLFkr gSA ;g nf{k.k Hkkjr dk izfln~/ fgy LVs'ku vFkok ioZrh; LFky gSA ;g 'kgj lkxj ry ls yxHkx 2]268 ehVj dh mQ¡pkbZ ij fLFkr gSA bl 'kgj dk u;k uke mn~xeaMye gSA

111 fgUnh jhMj&4

2- xouZj tkWu lfyoku dkSu Fkk\ mlus mQVh osQ fodkl osQ fy, D;k fd;k\tkWu lfyoku vaxzs”kh 'kklu osQ nkSjku dksa;cVwj ftys dk xouZj FkkA mlus mQVh osQ fodkl esa cgqr ;ksxnku fn;kA mlus LFkkuh; yksxksa ls ”kehu [kjhndj mQVh dks ,d ioZrh; i;ZVu LFky osQ :i esa fodflr djuk izkjaHk fd;kA bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd mls mQVh dh vkcks&gok cgqr ilan FkhA

3- mQVh >hy ij laf{kIr ppkZ dhft,AmQVh >hy dk fuekZ.k lu~ 1825 esa tkWu lfyoku n~okjk fd;k x;k FkkA ;g fo'kky >hy vius vuwBs izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z osQ fy, tkuh tkrh gSA i;ZVd bl >hy ij Hkjiwj vkuan mBk ldrs gSaA bl >hy ij cksfVax rFkk eNyh idM+us dk vkuan mBk;k tk ldrk gSA

4- MksMkcV~Vk ioZr pksVh dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,AmQVh ioZrh; Hkkx dh lcls mQ¡ph ioZr pksVh MksMkcV~Vk gSA ;g lkxj ry ls 2623 ehVj mQ¡ph gSA bl ioZr pksVh dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;gk¡ ls ?kkVh dk vn~Hkqr u”kkjk ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

5- uhyfxfj igkM+ksa esa dkSu&lk oU;tho vH;kj.; fLFkr gS rFkk mldh D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa\uhyfxfj osQ igkM+ksa esa enqeykbZ oU;tho vH;kj.; fLFkr gSA bl vH;kj.; dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g fd ;gk¡ dbZ ladVkiUu tarq iztkfr;k¡ ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA buosQ vykok gkFkh] phry] fgj.k rFkk jax&fcajxs vuwBs i{kh Hkh ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA FksIikDoqQM gkFkh oSaQi bl vH;kj.; dk fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k gSA ;g oSQai cPpksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls yqHkkrk gSA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- mQVh fLFkr okuLifrd mn~;ku dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A

mQVh fLFkr okuLifrd mn~;ku vius izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl okuLifrd mn~;ku dh LFkkiuk lu~ 1847 esa dh xbZ FkhA ;g yxHkx 22 gsDVs;j Hkwfe ij iSQyk ,d [kwclwjr ckx gSA bldh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;gk¡ ,d ,sls isM+ osQ thok'e laHkky dj j[ks x, gSa ftlosQ ckjs esa ekuk tkrk gS fd og nks djksM+ o"kZ iqjkuk gSA blosQ vykok ;gk¡ 653 ls vf/d fdLeksa osQ vuwBs isM+&ikS/s Hkh ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA ebZ osQ eghus esa bl mn~;ku esa xzh"eksRlo euk;k tkrk gS ftlesa iQyksa dh izn'kZuh dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA

2- mQVh izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z ls Hkjiwj i;ZVu LFky gSA bl dFku dh iqf"V vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A rfeyukMq esa fLFkr mQVh izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z ls Hkjiwj i;ZVu LFky gSA bl dFku dh iqf"V uhps fn, x, mnkgj.kksa ls Lor% gh Li"V gks tkrh gSA tSls &(i) ljfn;ksa osQ vykok ;gk¡ lkjk lky ekSle lqgkouk cuk jgrk gSA(ii) pk; osQ foLr`r ckxku rFkk uhyfxfj osQ isM+ fo'ks"k n`'; mRiUu djrs gSaA(iii) ouLifr mn~;ku esa 650 fdLeksa ls Hkh vf/d vuwBs isM+&ikS/s ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA(iv) mQVh >hy ukSdk;u rFkk eRL; laxzg.k osQ fy, vuwBk LFkku gSA(v) MksMkcV~jk ioZr pksVh ls ?kkVh dk vn~Hkqr u”kkjk ns[kus dks feyrk gSA(vi) dygV~Vh ty izikr rFkk enqeykbZ oU;tho vH;kj.; lcdk eu eksg ysrs gSaA

3- mfpr feyku dhft,&(i) xouZj tkWu lfyoku dksa;cVwj ftyk(ii) ouLifr mn~;ku 2 djksM o"kZ iqjkuk ouLifr thok'e (iii) mQVh >hy cksfVax dk vkuan(iv) MksMkcV~Vk lcls mQ¡ph ioZr pksVh(v) dksVkfxfj lcls iqjkk i;ZVu LFky(vi)dygV~Vh 100 iQhV mQ¡pk >juk

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- rfeyukMq 2- gks;ly 3- 1847 4- 2623 ehVj


fo'kky 5 y?kq ilan 5 ukilan/jrh 5 vkdk'k vjf{kr 5 vukjf{krjktk 5 jad ljnh 5 xjeh[kwclwjr 5 cnlwjr vfuok;Z 5 ,fPNd

112 fgUnh jhMj&4

([k) i;k;Zokph 'kCn fyf[k,A

(x) if<+,] lef>, vkSj fyf[k,A

u~ $ u ¾ Uu izlUu laiUu eUur

r~ $ r ¾ Rr iRrk iRry lRrk

n~ $ ; ¾ n~; fon~;eku fon~;k fon~;ky;

l~ $ l ¾ Ll fgLlk fdLlk yLlh

V~ $ V ¾ V~V dygV~Vh [kV~Vh iV~Vh

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)

Lo;a djsaA

ikB 9 % buke dk gdnkj (dgkuh)

vH;kl

ladfyr&ewY;kadu (SA)

(d) vfry?kq mRrjh; iz'uA

1- lqYrku dk D;k 'kksd Fkk\

lqYrku dks eNfy;ksa ls cus idoku [kkus dk 'kkSd FkkA

2- eNqvkjk oSQlh eNyh ysdj vk;k Fkk\

eNqvkjk ,d fo'ks"k fdLe dh eNyh ysdj vk;k FkkA

3- eNqvkjs dks oqQy fdruh eksgjsa izkIr gqbZa\

,d g”kkj nks lkSA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA

1- lqYrku us eNyh osQ ckjs eas D;k dgk\

lqYrku us eNyh osQ ckjs esa dgk fd & êSusa vkt rd ,slh eNyh ugha ns[khA eSa igyh ckj ,slh eNyh ns[k jgk gw¡A eSa cgqr izlUu gw¡A*

2- othj dks fdl ckr dh gSjkuh gqbZ\

lqYrku n~okjk osQoy ,d eNyh osQ fy, eNqvkjs dks lkS Lo.kZ eqnzk,¡ fn, tkus ij othj dks cgqr gSjkuh gqbZA D;ksafd mldh n`f"V esa lkS eqnzk,¡ cgqr vf/d FkhaA

3- lqYrku us fdlosQ dgus ij eNqvkjs dks okil cqyk;k vkSj D;ksa\

lqYrku us othj osQ dgus ij eNqvkjs dks okil cqyk;kA lqYrku us eNqvkjs dks blfy, okil cqyk;k rkfd og othj n~okjk crk, x, <ax ls eNyh osQ ckjs esa oqQN iz'u iwN losQaA

4- lqYrku dks dc vkSj D;ksa yxk fd eNqvkjk ykyph gS\

lqYrku ls eksgjsa ysdj eNqvkjk vius ?kj dhs vksj py iM+kA fdarq oqQN gh dne nwj tkus ij mldh ,d eksgj >kfM+;ksa esa fxj xbZA og ml eksgj dks cM+h cspSuh osQ lkFk <w¡<+us esa yx x;kA mldh blh cspSuh dks ns[kdj lqYrku dks yxk fd eNqvkjk ykyph gSA

5- lqYrku us eNqvkjs dh fdl ckr ij mls iwjh ,d g”kkj eksgjsa nha\

tc lqYrku us eNqvkjs dks osQoy ,d eksgj [kks tkus osQ fy, cgqr vf/d ijs'kku ns[kk rks mlus eNqvkjs dks ykyph crk;kA fdarq eNqvkjs us dgk fd og ykyph ugha gSA og ml eksgj osQ fy, ugha cfYd vius lqYrku dh izfr"Bk vkSj eku&lEeku

113 fgUnh jhMj&4

/jrh

mn~;ku

igkM+

isM+

lkxj

egh

ckx

ioZr

r:

i;ksf/

Hkwfe

miou

fxfj

ikni

leqnz

i`Foh

iqQyokjh

Hkw/j

foVi

jRukdj

/jk

cxhpk

'kSy

o`{k

fla/q

olq/k

peu

ux

i.khZ

uhjfuf/

osQ fy, ijs'kku gSA D;ksafd eksgj ij ,d vksj lqYrku uke fy[kk gS rFkk nwljh rjiQ fp=k vafdr gSA blfy, og ugha pkgrk fd ml eksgj ij fdlh dk iSj iMs+A mldh ;g ckr lqudj lqYrku cgqr izlUu gqvk vkSj mlus eNqvkjs dks iqjLdkj osQ :i esa iwjh ,d g”kkj eksgjsa nhaA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- eNqvkjk jktk osQ ikl D;ksa x;k\

+iQkjl dk jktk ;kuh lqYrku eNfy;ksa ls cus idoku [kkus dk cM+k 'kkSdhu FkkA mlosQ fy, [kkus esa jks”k gh eNyh ls cuus okys O;atu rS;kj fd, tkrs FksA eNqvkjk lqYrku osQ bl 'kkSd osQ ckjs esa Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr FkkA vr% tc mlus [kkl fdLe dh eNyh idM+h rks mlosQ eu esa rqjar ;g fopkj vk;k fd ;fn eSa bl eNyh dks lqYrku osQ ikl ysdj tkmQ¡xk rks fu'p; gh og eq>s cM+k buke nsaxsA vius blh fopkj ls izHkkfor gksdj eNqvkjk eNyh ysdj jktk osQ ikl tk igq¡pkA

2- othj oSQlk O;fDr Fkk vkSj og D;k pkgrk Fkk\othj cgqr dh o`Qi.k rFkk b";kZyq O;fDr FkkA blh dkj.k tc eNqvkjk lqYrku osQ ikl eNyh ysdj vk;k vkSj lqYrku us mldks osQoy ,d eNyh osQ fy, lkS eksgjsa nha rks mldk ân; ty mBkA mlesa eNqvkjs osQ izfr bZ";kZ ?kj dj xbZA mlus rqjar

+lqYrku dks eNqvkjs osQ f[kykiQ mdklkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA othj pkgrk Fkk fd lqYrku fdlh rjg eNqvkjs dks nh lkS eqnzk,¡ okil ys ysaA

3- lqYrku us viuh gSfl;r osQ ckjs esa D;k dgk\tc ot+hj us lqYrku dks eNqvkjs osQ izfr mdlkuk pkgk rFkk lqYrku dks ;g fo'okl fnykuk pkgk fd mlus osQoy ,d eNyh osQ cnys lkS Lo.kZ&eqnk,¡ nsdj xyrh dh gS rks lqYrku us viuh mnkjrk dk ifjp; nsrs gq, othj ls viuh gSfl;r

+osQ ckjs esa dgk fd & HkkbZ] eSa lqYrku gw¡ dksbZ iQdhj FkksM+s gh gw¡] vkf[kj viuh gSfl;r vkSj :rcs osQ fglkc ls gh buke fn;k gSA blesa gSjr okyh dkSu&lh ckr gSA*

4- eNqvkjs us eksgj osQ fxj tkus osQ loky ij lqYrku dks viuk D;k tokc fn;k\tc lqYrku us eNqvkjs ls eksgj fxjus osQ ckjs esa loky fd;k rks eNqvkjk gkFk tksM+dj [kM+k gks x;k vkSj cksyk & ^^tgk¡iukg] eSa ykyph ugha g¡w☺ A vkius eq>s nks lkS lksus dh eksgjsa nsdj eq> ij o`Qik n'kkZbZ gSA fdarq muesa ls ,d eksgj [kks xbZA ;g eksgj dk loky ugha gS] cfYd loky vkiosQ eku&lEeku ,oa izfr"Bk dk gSA eksgj osQ ,d vksj vidk uke fy[kk gS vkSj nwljh vksj vkidk fp=k vafdr gSA ml ij fdlh dk Hkh iSj iM+ ldrk gS tks esjs fy, vlguh; gSA**

5- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,&(i) lqYrku (ii) nqyZHk (iii) eksgj] D;kjh (iv) ykyph (v) eu

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- lkS eksgjsa 2- bZ";kZ 3- ,d g”kkj eksgjsa

Hkk"kk ls(d) uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa iz;qDr la;qDrk{kj fyf[k, rFkk muls nks&nks u, 'kCn cukb,A

O;atu & O; viO;; O;kikjlqYrku & rr lYrur lqYrkukfdLe & Le fdLer jLefon~;eku & n~; fon~; fon~;ky;flDdk & Dd eDdk pDdk

([k) uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa iz;qDr jaxhu loZuke 'kCn ikB esa ftu laKk 'kCnksa osQ LFkku ij iz;qDr gq, gSa] fyf[k,&1- lqYrku 2- eNqvkjk 3- lqYrku 4- othj 5- eNqvkjk

(x) uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCnksa ls fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A1- bZekunkj 2- izlUu 3- buke 4- vPNk 5- eNqvkjk

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAikB 10 % Hkkjr ekrk dh lPph lqiq=kh&eSuk (izsjd&izlax)


1- Lora=krk dh igyh yM+kbZ dc yM+h xbZ\lu~ 1857 esaA

114 fgUnh jhMj&4

2- ukuk lkgc dks dgk¡ dk 'kkld ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k\dkuiqjA

3- vaxzs”k cPpksa rFkk efgykvksa dh lqj{kk dk nkf;Ro fdls lkSaik x;k\eSuk vkSj ek/o dksA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- eSuk dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\

eSuk LoHkko ls cgqr dh cgknqj] n`<+&fu'p;h rFkk mnkj ;qorh FkhA jk"Vª HkfDr dh Hkkouk Hkh mlesa owQV&owQVdj Hkjh FkhA2- ek/o dkSu Fkk rFkk mldh e`R;q oSQls gqbZ\

ek/o ukuk lkgc dk vaxj{kd FkkA ek/o dh e`R;q vaxzs”k lSfudksa osQ gkFkksa gqbZ FkhaA3- ukuk lkgc fdl mi;'k ls cpuk pkgrs Fks rFkk D;ksa\

ukuk lkgc fugRFks vkSj funksZ"k vaxzst cPpksa rFkk efgykvksa dh gR;k djus tSls dk;jrk rFkk vi;'kiw.kZ dk;Z ls cpuk pgrs FksA D;ksafd bl dk;Z dks djus ij bfrgkl mUgsa dHkh {kek ugha djrkA

4- eSuk ls vaxzs”k fdldk irk tkuuk pkgrs Fks rFkk D;ksa\eSuk ls vaxzs”k ukuk lkgc dk irk tkuuk pkgrs Fks rkfd os ukuk lkgc dks canh cukdj Lora=krk osQ fy, dh tk jgh ozQakfr ij vaoqQ'k yxk losQaA

5- vaxzs”kksa us eSuk ij D;k&D;k vR;kpkj fd,\vaxzs”kksa us eSuk ij cgqr&ls vR;kpkj fd,A mls dksMk+sa ls ihVk x;kA /wi esa isM+ ls ck¡/dj Hkw[k o I;kl ls rM+ik;k x;k rFkk fiQj mls vkx esa tyk;k x;kA

6- eSuk osQ budkj dk vaxzs”kksa ij D;k izHkko iM+k\eSuk osQ budkj dk vaxzs”kksa ij cgqr cqjk izHkko iM+kA mUgksaus eSuk dks fpyfpykrh /wi esa ck¡/dj ml ij funZ;rkiwoZd dksM+s cjlk,A mls ryokjksa ls dksapk rFkk ozQksf/r gksdj vkx esa tyk fn;kA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- ozaQkfrdkjh lSfud xksjksa dks naM nsus osQ i{k esa D;ksa Fks\

tc dkuiqj dh Nkouh esa oqQN vaxzs”k efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa dks idM+ dj yk;k x;k rks ukuk lkgc us mUgsa ekjuk dk;jrkiw.kZ dk;Z le>kA fdarq ozaQkfrdkjh lSfudksa us mUgsa naM nsuk mfpr le>k] D;ksafd mUgksaus Hkkjrh;ksa ij vaxzs”kksa osQ vR;kpkjksa dks viuh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kk FkkA vr% os pkgrs Fks fd tks O;ogkj vaxzstksa us muosQ lkFk fd;k gS] ogh O;ogkj mudh efgykvksa ,oa cPpksa osQ lkFk Hkh gksuk pkfg,A

2- ukuk lkgc osQ fcBwj dh vksj owQp djus ij D;k gqvk\vaxzs”k efgykvksa o cPpksa dh lqj{kk dk nkf;Ro eSuk rFkk ek/o ij NksM+dj ukuk lkgc fcBwj dh vksj owQp dj x,A muosQ tkus osQ ckn vaxzs”kh lsukvksa us dkuiqj dks ?ksj fy;kA nksuksa lsukvksa osQ chp xaHkhj yM+kbZ gqbZA pw¡fd Hkkjrh; lSfud la[;k esa de Fks] blhfy, vaxzs”k dkuiqj ij viuk vf/dkj djus esa liQy jgsA vaxzs”k efgykvksa rFkk cPpksa dh ns[kHkky esa yxs ek/o dks mUgksaus ekj Mkyk rFkk ukuk lkgc dh iq=kh dks idM+ dj ml ij ozwQjrk ls vR;kpkj fd, rFkk var esa mldks Hkh ekSr osQ gokys dj fn;kA

3- ejrs le; eSuk osQ eq[k ij vuks[kh eqLdku D;ksa Fkh\eSuk ukuk lkgc dh lkglh] n`<+ fu'p;h rFkk ozQakfrdjh csVh FkhA mlosQ ân; esa Hkkjrekrk dks Lora=k djkus dh n`<+ bPNk FkhA blhfy, tc vaxzs”kksa us ml ij rjg&rjg osQ vR;kpkj djosQ ukuk lkgc dk irk tkuuk pkgk rks muosQ vR;kpkj lgdj mlesa vkSj vf/d lkgl vk x;k ,oa mldh n`<+rk vkSj vf/d c<+ xbZA viuh blh n`<+rk osQ dkj.k og ejrs le; rd vius eq[k ij vuks[kh eqLdku fy, gq, Fkh] D;ksafd e`R;q ikdj Hkh og vaxzs”kksa osQ lkeus ugha >qdh Fkh rFkk mlus Hkkjr ekrk dh lPph lqiq=kh gksus dk izek.k izLrqr fd;k FkkA

4- eSuk Hkkjrekrk dh lPph rFkk ohj lqiq+=kh FkhA bl dFku dh iqf"V vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,AeSuk Hkkjr ekrk dh lPph vkSj ohj lqiq=kh FkhA bl dFku dh iqf"V osQ fy, dbZ mnkgj.k izLrqr fd, tk ldrs gSaA tSlsfd og ns'k dh vk”kknh osQ fy, yM+ jgs ozQakfrdkj;ksa osQ dk;ksZa esa c<+&p<+dj lg;ksx nsrh FkhA vk”kknh osQ la?k"kZ osQ nkSjku tc vaxzstksa us ml ij rjg&rjg osQ vlguh; vR;kpkj djosQ mlls ukuk lkgc dk irk tkuuk pkgk] tc Hkh og ugha >qdhA mlus Lo;a dks vkx esa tykdj ejuk dcwy dj fy;k] foaQrq vaxzs”kksa dks ukuk lkgc dk irk crkus osQ fy, viuk eq[k ugha [kksykA vr% bu mnkgj.kksa ls Lor% gh Li"V gks tkrk gS fd eSuk Hkkjrekrk dh lPph vkSj ohj lqiq=kh FkhA

115 fgUnh jhMj&4

5- fdlus] fdlls] dc dgk] fyf[k,A(i) ukuk lgc us eSuk ls dgk] tc eSuk us mudh nksuksa ryokjsa j[khaA(ii) ukuk lkgc us ozaQkfrdkfj;ksa ls dgk] tc os vaxzs”k cPpksa o efgykvksa dks naM fn, tkus dh ckr dg jgs FksA(iii) eSuk us vaxzs”kks ls dgk] tc vaxzs”k mlls ukuk dk irk iwNuk pkgrs FksA(iv) vaxzs”kksa us eSuk ls dgk] tc og vkx esa ty jgh FkhA

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- dkuiqj 2- ek/o 3- fcBwj 4- ;kruk,¡ o e`R;q ns[kdj Hkh u ?kcjkus ls

Hkk"kk ls(d) jaxhu 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnydj okD;ksa dks nksckjk fyf[k,A

1- Hkkjr esa vusd ohjaxuk,¡ gqbZ gSaA2- ckyd m/j cSBk gSA3- lHkh iqjQ"k pqi FksA4- mlosQ Hkrhts dks cqykvksA5- ukuk dk csVk cM+k cgknqj FkkA

([k) uhps oqQN 'kCn&;qXe fn, x, gSaA buls okD; cukb,A1- ek/o vaxz”kksa ls ;qn~/ yM+rs&yM+rs 'kghn gks x;kA2- jkuh g¡lrs&g¡lrs ckr dks Vky xbZA3- dNqvk /hjs&/hjs pyrk gSA4- cPph [ksyrs&[ksyrs lks xbZA5- xk;d dks xkuk xkrs&xkrs [kk¡lh vk xbZA

(x) fp=k ns[kdj muosQ nks&nks uke fyf[k,Aefgyk ryokj o`{k vkx vkSjr panzgkl ikni vfXu

a(?k) nh xbZ oxZ&igsyh ls foykse 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,Abfrgkl 5 orZeku ilan 5 ukilanvxyh 5 fiNyh vjf{kr 5 vukjf{krvk”kknh 5 xqykeh ljnh 5 xjeh;qn~/ 5 laf/ j{kd 5 Hk{kdfunZ; 5 ln; viuh 5 ijk;h

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAikB 11 % vxj u uHk esa ckny gksrs (dfork)


1- fla/q ls ty Hkjdj dkSu ykrk gS\cknyA

2- cknyksa dks ns[kdj 'kksj dkSu epkrk gS\eksjA

3- ^lqanj ygjsa* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\lqanj ygjsa ls rkRi;Z gS&vikj ty jkf'kA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- cjlkr osQ vkus ij esa<d viuh [kq'kh oSQls izdV djrs gSa\

cjlkr osQ vkus ij esa<d VjZ&VjZ dh vkok”ksa yxkdj viuh [kq'kh izdV djrs gSaA

116 fgUnh jhMj&4

2- xjeh ls rirs fnuksa dks dkSu BaMd iznku djrk gS\xjeh ls rirs fnuksa dks cknyksa n~okjk ykbZ xbZ o"kkZ BaMd iznku djrh gSA

3- cnyksa osQ u vkus ij i'kq&if{k;ksa dh D;k gkyr gks tkrh gS\cknyksa osQ y vkus ij i'kq&if{k;ksa dks I;klk jguk iM+rk gS rFkk xjeh osQ dkj.k mudk thuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA

4- ufn;ksa dk cnyksa ls D;k laca/ gS\ufn;ksa dk cknyksa ls xgjk laca/ gS] D;ksafd ckny gh ckfj'k osQ :i esa ty cjlk dj mudks lw[kus ls cpkrs gSaA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- bl dfork osQ v/kj ij cknyksa dh mi;ksfxrk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

bl dfork osQ vk/kj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd ckny cgqr gh mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA D;ksafd vkleku esa Nkus okys dkys&dkys ckny gh BaMk ty nsus okyh o"kkZ ysdj ykrs gSa rFkk o"kkZ ls gh xjrh ls jkgr feyrh gS] >jus&lksrs rFkk ufn;k¡ dy&dy djosQ cgrh gSaA i'kq&if{k;ksa dh I;kl cq>rh gS rFkk /jrh dks gfj;kyh ,oa [kq'kgkyh izkIr gksrh gSA

2- ;fn ckny u vk,¡ rks lalkj esa D;k&D;k ladV mRiUu gks tk,¡xs\;fn ckny u vk,¡ rks lalkj esa vusd rjg osQ ladV mRiUu gks tk,¡xsA tSls&(i) xjeh c<+ tk,xh rFkk lHkh izk.kh ijs'kku gks tk,¡xsA(ii) unh] ukys vkfn lw[k tk,¡xs rFkk /jrh ij ikuh dh deh gks tk,xhA euq"; rFkk lHkh i'kq&if{k;ksa dks I;kl ls tw>uk

iM+sxkA(iii) /jrh ohjku gks tk,xhA isM+&ikS/ksa dh gfj;kyh osQ fcuk lkjh /jrh ejQLFky dk :i ys ysxhA(iv) fdlku iQlysa ugha mxk ik,¡xs rFkk yksxksa dks [kkus osQ fy, vUu rFkk lfCt+;k¡ ugha fey ik,¡xhA iQyr% Hkw[kejh dh

fLFkfr mRiUu gks tk,xhA3- HkkokFkZ Li"V dhft,&

HkkokFkZ&dfo cknyksa dk egRo crkrs gq, dgrk gS fd ;fn vkdk'k esa ckny ugha gksrs rks ckfj'k ugha vkrhA ckfj'k osQ vHkko esa ufn;k¡ vkSj ugjsa lw[k tkrha rFkk dgha ij Hkh ikuh dh lqanj ygjsa mBrh u fn[kkbZ nsrhaA ,slh fLFkfr esa ge dgk¡ vkSj dgk¡ ty esa xksrs [kk&[kkdj rSjus dk vkuan ys ikrsA

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- lkxj 2- cknyksa osQ vkus ij 3- 'kksj epkrk gS

Hkk"kk ls(d) laKk 'kCn pqudj fyf[k,A

fla/q cjlkr 'kksj rksrk ufn;k¡ lhrk([k) mfpr feyku dhft,A

fla/q & lkxj leqnz tyf/ty & ikuh uhj okfjuHk & vacj vkdk'k vklekucknyq & es?k ?ku ty/junh & lfjrk rfVuh rjafx.kh


3- o"kkZ unh >juk >hyikB 12 % chekj dk gky (gkL;&dFkk)


1- ykyk th osQ ?kjokyksa dks D;k vknr iM+ xbZ Fkh\ykyk th osQ ?kjokyksa dks tksj&tksj ls cksyus dh vknr iM+ xbZ FkhA

2- ykyk th dk iM+kslh dkSu Fkk\iafMr lwjteyA

117 fgUnh jhMj&4

118

3- ykyk th dh iRuh us mldks fdrus loky ;kn djok,\rhu lokyA

([k) y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- yksx ykyk th ls D;ksa ijs'kku Fks\

ykyk th dks mQ¡pk lqurk FkkA blh dkj.k ykyk th ls ckrsa djrs le; yksxksa dks tksj&tksj ls cksyuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj os ykyk th ls ijs'kku gks tkrs FksA

2- iRuh us ykyk th dks lwjtey osQ ?kj D;ksa Hkstk\lwjtey ykyk th osQ iM+kslh FksA os chekj py jgs FksA mudh chekjh dk gkypky iwNus osQ fy, gh iRuh us ykyk th dks muosQ ?kj HkstkA

3- ykyk th dks ns[kdj iafMr th D;ksa [kh> x,\ykyk th dks ns[kdj iafMr th [kh> x,] D;ksafd ykyk th dks mQ¡pk lqurk Fkk rFkk og viuh chekj voLFkk esa muls ckr ugha djuk pkgrs FksA

4- ykyk th us viuh vksj ls dkSu&lk loky iwNk\ykyk th us viuh vksj ls ;g loky iwNk fd & ^gok&ikuh cnyus osQ fy, fdlh nwljh txg ij D;ksa ugha pys tkrs\**

5- ;g dgkuh vkidks oSQlh yxh\Lo;a djsaA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- iafMr lwjtey dkSu Fks\ ykyk th dks muosQ ?kj D;ksa tkuk iM+k\

iafMr lwjtey yky th osQ iM+kslh FksA iafMr th oqQN fnuksa ls chekj py jgs FksA ,d iM+kslh osQ ukrs mudh chekjh osQ ckjs esa iwNuk rFkk muosQ tYn LoLFk gksus dh dkeuk djuk ykyk th dk drZO; FkkA cl blh drZO; dks fuckus osQ fy, iRuh osQ dgus ij ykyk th dks muosQ ?kj tkuk iM+kA

2- Ykkyk th us iafMr th ls dkSu&dkSus ls loky iwNs\ykyk th us iafMr th ls fuEufyf[kr pkj loky iwNs&(i) vkidh chekjh dk lekpkj lqudj cM+k nq%[k gqvkA rch;r igys ls rks vPNh gS u\(ii) vc rks oqQN [kkus&ihus dks crk;k gksxk\ D;k [kkrs gks\(iii) bykt fdldk gks jgk gS\(iv) gok&ikuh cnyus osQ fy, fdlh nwljh txg ij D;ksa ugha pys tkrs\

3- ykyk th us var esa D;k loky fd;k vkSj iafMr th us mldk D;k tokc fn;k\ykyk th us var esa ;g loky fd;k fd & ^vki gok&ikuh cnyus osQ fy, fdlh nwljh txg ij D;ksa ugha pys tkrs\*iafMr th us bl loky dk tokc nsrs gq, dgk & ^th gk¡] tgUuqe tk jgk gw¡A*

4- fdlus] fdlls vkSj D;ksa dgk] fyf[k,&(i) ykyk th dh iRuh us ykyk th ls dgk] D;ksafd og mudks chekj iM+kslh dk gkypky iwNus osQ fy, muosQ ?kj Hkstuk

pkgrh FkhA(ii) iafMr lwjtey us yky th ls dgk] D;ksafd og yky th dks ns[kdj [kh> x, FksA(iii) ykyk th us iafMr lwjtey ls dgk] D;ksafd mUgsa ml MkWDVj dk gh bykt mfpr yx jgk FkkA

5- ikB osQ vk/kj ij [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,&(i) mQ¡pk (ii) lwjtey (iii) rch;r (iv) ”kgj (v) tgUuqe

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- mQ¡pk lqurs Fks 2- iafMr lqjtey 3- ujd 4-e”kkd ugha mM+kuk pgrs Fks

Hkk"kk ls(d) L=khfyax vFkok iqfYayx fyf[k,A

?kj & iqfYayx 'kjhj & iqfYayxgok & L=khfyax MkWDVj & iqfYayxiafMr & iqfYayx nokbZ & L=khfyaxiRuh & L=khfyax iM+ksflu & L=khfyaxikuh & iqfYayx

fgUnh jhMj&4

([k) buosQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,Agok & ok;q lehj iou'kjhj & ru nsg dk;kikuh & ty uhj okfj?kj & x`g vky; fuosQrubZ'oj & ijekRek bZ'k Hkxoku

(x) uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa fozQ;k rFkk fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,AfozQ;k fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k

1- djkgrk jgrk Fkk fnuHkj2- le>krh jgh fujarj3- cSBk gS m/j4- [kkvks mruk] ftruk5- fpYyk jgk Fkk ckj&ckj6- g¡lrk jgrk gS osQoy7- tk jgk gw¡ m/j

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAikB 13 %vuwBs Hkkjrh; i{kh (ys[k)


1- Hkkjr oSQlk ns'k gS\fo'kkyA

2- pkud dks vkSj D;k dgrs gSa\phuh cVsjA

3- ykSok i{kh dk laca/ fdl oqQy ls gS\cVsj oqQyA

4- ikfdLrku dk jk"Vªh; i{kh dkSu&lk gS\pdksj i{khA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- pkrd i{kh dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\

pkrd i{kh dh ;g fo'ks"krk gS fd ;g o"kkZ dh igyh cw¡nksa dks gh ihrk gSA ;fn ;g i{kh I;klk gks vkSj bls LoPN ty dh >hy esa Mky fn;k tk, rks Hkh ;g ikuh ugha ihrkA

2- pkrd i{kh dk i.kZu djrs gq, oqQN okD; fyf[k,Apkrd ,d NksVs vkdkj dk lqanj i{kh gksrk gSA bls phuh cVsj Hkh dgrs gSaA bl i{kh dh yackbZ yxHkx 15 ls 17 lsaaeh0 rFkk o”ku yxHk 68 ls 72 xzke rd ik;k tkrk gSA

3- ykSok i{kh dgk¡ ik;k tkrk gS\ykSok i{kh if'peh rFkk nf{k.kh Hkkjr esa O;kid :i ls ik;k tkrk gSA

4- fi;ksjk osQ ckjs esa vki D;k tkurs gSa\fi;ksjk rhrj oqQy dk i{kh gSA ;g Hkkjr osQ vfrfjDr lewps nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa ik;k tkrk gSA blosQ 'kjhj ij jax&fcjaxs [kwclwjr fMtkbu ik, tkrs gSaA ;g m".kdfVca/h; ouksa vFkok ueh okys LFkkuksa esa jguk ilan djrk gSA

5- fpf=kr fpaxkjk dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,Afpf=kr fpaxkjk dh fuEufyf[kr nks fo'ksrk,¡ gSa&(i) ;g fgeky; osQ nf{k.k esa ue Hkwfe;ksa ij ik;k tkus okyk ,d laqanj cxqyk gSA(ii) blosQ ia[k vR;f/d jax&fcjaxs gksrs gSaA bUgha fpf=kr ;k jaxs gq, ia[kksa osQ dkj.k bls fpf=kr fpaxkkjk dgk tkrk gSA

119 fgUnh jhMj&4

120 fgUnh jhMj&4

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'u!1- pdksj i{kh dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A

pdksj ,d lkfgfR;d i{kh gSA blosQ fo"k; esa Hkkjrh; dfo;ksa us dYiuk dj j[kh gS fd ;g lkjh jkr panzek dh vksj rkdrk jgrk gSA blosQ vykok vfXuLiQfyaxksa dks panzek osQ VqdM+s le>dj pqurk jgrk gSA fdarq blesa lp osQoy bruk gh gS fd ;g ,d dhVHk{kh gS tks fpaxkfj;ksa dks tqxuw vkfn pedus okys dhV le> dj mu ij viuh pksap pyk nsrk gSA ;g ikfdLrku dk jk"Vªh; i{kh gSA

2- NksVh taxyh eqjxh osQ fo"k; esa vki D;k tkurs gSa\NksVh taxyh eqxhZ fiQtsaV oqQy dk i{kh gSA ;g Hkkjr dk ewy fuoklh Hkh gSA bldh iw¡N rhrj dh rqyuk esa yach gksrh gS rFkk tc ;g ”kehu ij cSBk gksrk gS rks bldh iw¡N lki+Q fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA gkyk¡fd bldk eqxhZ ls nwj dk Hkh laca/ ugha gS] fdarq fiQj Hkh Hkkjr esa bls eqxhZ gh dgk tkrk gSA

3- cVsj oqQy dh ykSvk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,AcVsj oqQy dh ykSvk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa&(i) ;g Hkkjr rFkk Jhyadk esa ik;kt kus okyk laqnj i{kh gSA(ii) uj rFkk eknk i{kh dh vyx&vyx igpku gksrh gSA uj dk vxyk Hkkx li+sQn o dkyh /kfj;ksa ls Hkjk gksrk gS] tcfd

eknk dk vxz Hkkx ykyh fy, gksrk gSA(iii) ;g i{kh viuk ?kksalyk ”kehu ij cukrk gS rFkk eknk ,d ckj esa 4 ls 7 vaMs nsrh gSA(iv) ;g ?kus taxyksa] ioZrh; bykdksa rFkk mQcM+&[kkcM+ eSnkuksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA

4- mfpr feyku dhft,A(i) esosQok pkrd i{kh(ii) phuh cVsj pkrd(iii) ykSok fo'kqn~/ Hkkjrh; i{kh(iv) fi;ksjk i{kh ifjokj osQ :i esa fuokl

(v) pks[kjk NksVh taxyh eqxhZ(vi) fpf=kr fpaxkjk lqanj cxqyk

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- pkrd 2- fi;ksjk 3- ioZrh; ck¡l dk rhrj 4- ljkok

Hkk"kk ls(d) tks 'kCn i;kZ;okph ugha gS] mu ij xksys yxkb,A

taxy & lfjrk i{kh & ux vk¡[k & uS;kioZr & ukx ikuh & uhM+ pk¡n & pudvkx & vfuy jkr & rfVuh

([k) o.kZ&foPNsn fdhft,ALoPN & l~ $ o~ $ v $ p~ $ N~ $ vlaqnj & l~ $ m $ $ n~ $ v $ j~ $ vifjokj & i~ $ v $ j~ $ b $ o~ $ vk $ j~ $ vfi;ksjk & i~ $ b $ ;~ $ vks $ j~ $ vkef.kiqj & e~ + v + .k~ $ b + i~ $ m $ j~ $ v

(x) foykse 'kCn fyf[k,A

fo'kky y?kq izko`Qfrd o`Qf=ke

lqanj oqQ:i vxyk fiNyk

'kqn~/ v'kqn~/ LoPN vLoPN

ilan ukilan ewy fuewZy

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaA

-

ikB 14 %ifjJe dk egRo (fuca/)vH;kl


1- lalkj D;k gS\lalkj deZHkwfe gSA

2- liQyrk dk ewy&ea=k D;k gS\liQyrk dk ewy&ea=k ifjJe gS\

3- Je osQ jkLrs esa lcls cM+h ck/k dkSu curk gS\Je osQ jkLrs esa lcls cM+h ck/k euq"; dk vkylh LoHkko curk gSA

4- vkylh yksx fdls dkslrs ns[ks x, gSa\vkylh yksx fdLer dks dkslrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA

([k) y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- bPNk&'kfDr dk D;k egRo gS\

bPNk&'kfDr dk cgqr vf/d egRo gksrk gS] D;ksafd ;gh og 'kfDr gksrh gS tks euq"; dks liQyrk ikus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djrh gSA

2- Je dh lh[k fdlls yh tk ldrh gS\ oSQls\Je dh lh[k phaVh ls yh tk ldrh gSA phaVh Je dks cgqr vf/d egRo nsrh gSA og ,d&,d nkuk bdV~Bk djosQ vukt dk bruk HkaMkj.k dj ysrh gS fd Hkfo"; esa pSu ls Hkkstu dj losQA phaVh dk ;g Hkkstu HkaMkj.k Je dh gh nsu gSA

3- fon~;kFkhZ thou esa ifjJe dk D;k egRo gS\fon~;kFkhZ thou esa ifjJe dk cgqr vf/d egRo gksrk gS] D;ksafd ;g voLFkk deZ dk egRo lh[kus dh gksrh gSA

4- Je dk vieku oSQls gksrk gS\fdlh dke dks 'kq: djosQ mls iwjk u djuk] cfYd chp esa gh NksM+ nsuk Je dk vieku ekuk tkrk gSA

5- Je osQ ekxZ esa lcls cM+h ck/k vkykL; gS] oSQls\Je osQ ekxZ esa lcls cM+h ck/k vkyL; gS] D;ksafd ;g euq"; dks deZ djus ls jksdrk gSA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- O;fDr dks mlosQ dk;Z esa liQyrk dc feyrh gS\

O;fDr dks mlosQ dk;Z esa liQyrk rc feyrh gS tc og ifjJe vFkok esgur djrk gSA mlosQ lkFk&gh lkFk deZ dk egRo le>rs gq, n`<+&bPNk 'kfDr j[krk gS rFkk viuk mn~ns'; iwjk djus osQ fy, eu ls iz;kl djrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr O;fDr dh liQyrk esa ,d lcls cM+h ck/k mlosQ n~okjk fdlh dke dks izkjaHk djosQ iwjk u djuk vFkok v/wjk NksM+ nsuk Hkh gSA

2- oqQN yksx v/wjs dk;Z D;ksa NksM+ nsrs gSa\ ,sls yksxksa dk thou oSQlk gksrk gS\fdlh dke dks 'kq: djosQ mls fuf'pr :i ls iwjk djuk Hkys gh jkLrs esa fdruh gh ck/k,¡ D;ksa u vk, liQyrk dh vksj c<+us dk n~;ksrd gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr fdlh dke dks 'kq: djosQ tjk&lh ck/k vkrs gh v/wjk NksM+ nsuk Je dk vieku ekuk tkrk gS rFkk lkFk gh vliQyrk dh fu'kkuhA yksx vDlj ,slk rHkh djrs gSa tc os Je] deZ rFkk n`<+ bPNk&'kfDr osQ egRo ls ifjfpr ugha gksrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa dk thou nq%[kksa vkSj vliQyrkvksa dk ?kj gksrk gSA

3- vkylh yksx liQyrk dk yqRi+Q D;ksa ugha mBk ikrs\vkylh yksx liQyrk dk vkuan ugha mBk ikrs] D;ksafd mUgsa Je djus ls Mj yxrk gS] os deZ dk egRo ugha tku ikrs muesa n`<+&bPNk&'kfDr dk vHkko gksrk gSA muosQ bUgha voxq.kksa osQ dkj.k mudk gj dke v/wjk NwV tkrk gS rFkk liQyrk muls dkslksa nwj cuh jgrh gSA

4- lgh (3) vFkok xyr (5) crkb,&(i) 3 (ii) 5 (iii) 3 (iv) 5 (v) 3

5- bu 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj okD; cukb,&ifjJe & esgur ifjJe liQyrk dh oqaQth gSAbPNk & pkg Je ls vkneh viuh gj bPNk iwjh dj ldrk gSAdeZ & dke deZ djuk gh ekuo dk /eZ gSAvkyL; & lqLrh vkyL; thou dks nq%[ke; cuk nsrk gSA

121 fgUnh jhMj&4

vkuan & lq[k thou dk vlyh vkuan Je esa gh clrk gSA[ktkuk & dks"k [ktkuk feyrk ugha] cfYd cukuk iM+rk gSA

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- /eZ 2- liQyrk 3- vkyL; 4- ifjJe


bPNk 5 vfuPNk /eZ 5 v/eZliQyrk 5 vliQyrk lq[k 5 nq%[kfu'p; 5 vfu'p; thou 5 ej.kxq.k 5 voxq.k vkyL; 5 lqLrh[kq'k 5 uk[kq'k lnqi;ksx 5 nqjQi;ksx

([k) bu fo'ks";ksa osQ fy, mfpr fo'ks"k.k fyf[k,Alq[kh thou [kqyk eSnkulgh mnkgj.k Hkyk O;fDrrst+ ckfj'k vPNk ys[kuUgh phaVh yach isaflyle>nkj fon~;kFkhZ dherh [ktkuk

(x) Hkkookpd laKk,¡ cukb,AliQy & liQyrk laaqnj & lqanjrkvkylh & vkyL; bPNqd & bPNknq%[kh & nq%[k lq[kh & lq[kcM+k & cM+kbZ vkneh & vknfe;r

(?k) ^rk* ^bZ* rFkk ^br* izR;; yxkdj pkj&pkj 'kCn cukb,ARkk & liQyrk laqnjrk uezrk lerkbZ & ifjJeh udyh xjeh ljnhbr & viekfur lEekfur lacaf/r xfoZr

(Ä) bu 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj okD; cukb,AJe & esgur Je djuk ge lcdks lh[kuk pkfg,A'keZ & yTtk ml uUgsa ckyd dks ihVrs gq, vkidks 'keZ ugha vkbZAgkV & ck”kkj og LFkkuh; gkV esa lfC”k;k¡ csprh gSAgkFk & gLr mlosQ gkFk esa ,d NM+h FkhAdeZ & dk;Z deZ djuk ge lcdk /eZ gSAozQe & vuqozQe ckydksa dks muosQ jksy uacj osQ ozQe [kM+s dhft,Alk/u & fof/ cl ;krk;kr dk lk/u gSAl?kUk & xgjk unh osQ fdukjs ,d l?ku ou FkkA

(p) buosQ vusdkFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,&ikuh & ty bTtr thou & izk.k ok;qv{kj & o.kZ vouk'kh ?ku & ckny Hkkjh gFkkSM+keu & ân; pkyhl fdyks dh rkSy cl & ,d okgu o'k

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAikB 15 % cqjs dk var cqjk (dgkuh)


1- gkFkh dk D;k uke Fkk\HkM+owQA

122 fgUnh jhMj&4

2- gkFkh LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\gkFkh dk LoHkko ozwQj rFkk mn~naM FkkA

3- fuEeks nknh dkSu Fkh\fuEeks nknh ,d prqj ykseM+h FkhA

4- gkFkh us lgk;rk osQ fy, fdls iqdkjk\gkFkh us lgk;rk osQ fy, fuEeks nknh dks iqdkjkA

([k) y?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- HkM+owQ gkFkh viuh ozwQjrk dk ifjp; oSQls nsrk Fkk\

HkM+owQ gkFkh tjk&lh ckr ij HkM+d mBrk Fkk ,oa taxy esa minzo epkus yxrk FkkA og isM+ksa dh Vgfu;k¡ rksM+ nsrk Fkk rFkk tks Hkh NksVk tarq mlosQ lkeus vkrk og mls vius iSajksa osQ uhps oqQpy dj ekj Mkyrk FkkA tc og isM+ksa dh Vgfu;k¡ rksM+rk Fkk rks muls if{k;ksa osQ ?kksalys rFkk muesa j[ks vaMs uhps fxjdj u"V gks tkrs FksA

2- yksefM+;ksa dks HkM+owQ gkFkh ls D;k f'kdk;r Fkh\HkM+owQ gkFkh osQ cs/M+d fopj.k osQ dkj.k yksefM+;ksa osQ cgqr&ls fBdkus u"V gks x, FksA blh ckr dks ysdj yksefM+;k¡ nq%[kh Fkha vkSj muesa gkFkh osQ izfr vozQks'k O;kIr FkkA

3- fuEeks us gkFkh osQ crkZo dk fujh{k.k D;ksa fd;k\fuEeks us viuh ;kstuk dks liQy cukus osQ mn~ns'; ls mls gkFkh ij vktekus ls igys mlosQ crkZo dk fujh{k.k fd;kA

4- fuEeks us gkFkh dks D;k lans'k lquk;k\fuEeks us gkFkh dks ;g lans'k lquk;k fd mls taxy osQ lHkh tkuojksa us viuk jktk pquk gSAvr% rktiks'kh osQ fy, mlosQ lkFk lekjksg esa pyasA

5- nyny ij ls xq”kjrs le; gkFkh osQ lkFk D;k ?kVuk ?kVh\nyny ij ls xqt+jrs ls le; gkFkh mlesa /¡l x;k rFkk mlus ckgj fudyus dh ftruh dksf'k'k dh mruk gh vanj /¡lrk x;kA

6- fuEeks us gkFkh gh lgk;rk djus ls D;ksa euk dj fn;k\fuEeks us gkFkh dh lgk;rk djus ls euk dj fn;k] D;ksafd og funZ;h gkFkh dks mldh funZ;rk dk mfpr naM nsuk pkgrh FkhA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- dgkuh ls mnkgj.k izLrqr djrs gq, HkM+owQ gkFkh dh owzQjrk dk ifjp; vius 'kCnksa esa nhft,A

HkM+owQ gkFkh ozwQj rFkk funZ; FkkA mldh ozwQjrk dk ifjp; dgkuh esa ls fy, x, fuEu mnkgj.kksa ls Lor% gh Li"V gks tkrk gS&(i) HkM+owQ gkFkh HkM+d mBus ij taxy esa minzo epkus yxrk FkkA og uUgs&ikS/ksa dks jkSan Mkyrk Fkk rFkk cM+s isMksa+ dh

'kk[kk,¡ rksM+ nsrk FkkA bu 'kk[kkvksa ij cus if{k;ksa osQ ?kksalys rFkk muesa j[ks vaMs uhps fxj u"V gks tkrs FksA(ii) og vius lkeus vkus okys NksVs tarqvksa dks vius iSjksa osQ uhps oqQpy dj ekj Mkyrk FkkA(iii) mlus vius cs/M+d fopj.k ls yksefM+;ksa osQ cgqr&ls fBdkus u"V dj fn, FksA

2- prqj ykseM+h fuEeks us HkM+owQ gkFkh dk var djus osQ fy, D;k ;kstuk cukbZ\prqj ykseM+h fuEeks us HkM+owQ gkFkh dk var djus osQ fy, lcls igys mlosQ crkZo dk fujh{k.k fd;k vkSj fiQj mlosQ ikl tk igq¡phA mlus HkM+owQ gkFkh ls ;g >wB cksyk fd mls taxy osQ tkuojksa us viuk jktk pquk gSA os mldh rktiks'kh djuk pkgrs gSaA vr% mlosQ lkFk&pydj rkt /kj.k dj ysA tc gkFkh mlosQ lkFk pyus dks rS;kj gks x;k rks og gkFkh dks tku cw>dj nynyh jkLrs ij ysdj vkbZA 'kjhj dk ot+u de gksus osQ dkj.k mlus rks nyny dks vklkuh ikj dj fy;k] ijarq gkFkh mlesa /¡l x;kA D;ksafd gkFkh dk ot+u cgqr vf/d FkkA gkFkh us mlls lgk;rk ek¡xh rks mlus lkiQ euk dj fn;kA bl izdkj gkFkh nyny esa /¡l dj ej x;k vkSj fuEeks viuh ;kstuk esa liQy gqbZA

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,A(i) fgeky; (ii) 'ksj] [kw¡[kkj (iii) xfrfof/;k¡ (iv) jkg (v) cqjk

4- fdlus] fdlls] dc dgk fyf[k,&(i) fuEeks us gkFkh ls dgk & tc og viuh ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj mlls feyhA(ii) gkFkh us fuEeks ls dgk & to cg nyny esa /¡l jgk FkkA(iii) fuEeks us gkFkh ls dgk & tc mlus fuEeks ls lgk;rk ek¡xhA(iii) lc yksefM+;ksa us fuEeks ls dgk & tc mlus mudks gkFkh osQ ejus dh lwpuk nhA

123 fgUnh jhMj&4

124

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- ,d gkFkh 2- owzQj rFkk mn~naM Fkk 3- l;kuh Fkh 4- nyny esa /¡lus ls

Hkk"kk ls(d) foykse 'kCn pqudj fyf[k,A

?kuk & fojy fo'kky & y?kqrkdroj & det+ksj 'kfDr & de”kksjhfe=k & 'k=kq thou & ej.k”kehu & vkleku [kq'k & uk[kq'kHkkjh & gYdk cqjk & vPNk

([k) opu cnfy,AykseM+h & yksefM+;k¡ Vguh & Vgfu;k¡?kksalyk & ?kksalys phrk & phrsnknh & nkfn;k¡ ;kstuk & ;kstuk,¡unh & ufn;k¡ jkLrk & jkLrsjkg & jkgsa vaMk & vaMs

(x) uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa jaxhu loZuke ikB esa ftu laKk 'kCnksa osQ LFkku ij iz;qDr gq, gSa] mUgsa fyf[k,A1- HkM+owQ 2- yksefM+;k¡ 3- fuEeks 4- HkM+owQ 5- HkM+owQ 6- fuEeks

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaAikB 16 % lcls ehBh vkSj lcls dM+oh ph”k (fp=kdFkk)


1- jktk oSQlk Fkk\jktk 'kwjohj vkSj izrkih FkkA

2- cqn~f/jke dkSu Fkk\cqn~f/jke jktk dk lcls cqn~f/eku ea=kh FkkA

3- lcls ehBh ph”k dkSu&lh gS\ehBh ckrA

4- lcls dM+oh ph”k dkSu&lh gS\dM+oh ckrA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- jktk us njckj esa D;k loky iwNk\

jktk us njckj esa ;g loky iwNk fd & ^crkb, lcls ehBh ph”k dkSu&lh gS rFkk lcls dM+oh ph”k dkSu&lh gS\*2- njckfj;ksa us mlosQ loky dk D;k tokc fn;k\

njckfj;ksa us mlosQ loky osQ tokc oqQN bl rjg fn, fd lcls ehBh ph”k gSa& jlxqYys] osQyk] [kjcwtk] vke vkfn vkSj lcls dM+oh ph”k gSa & uhe] djsyk] fpjk;rk vkfnA

3- cqn~f/jke us jktk dks viuk tokc nsus osQ ckjs esa D;k dgk\cqn~f/jke us jktk dks viuk tokc nsus osQ ckjs esa ;g dgk fd & ^êgkjkt] eSa viuk tokc oqQN fnuksa osQ ckn nw¡xkA**

4- jktk dks ohjHknz ij ozQks/ D;ksa vk;k\jktk dks ohjHknz ij ozQks/ blfy, vk;k] D;kasfd mlus jktk ls dM+oh ckr dgh FkhA

5- cqn~f/jke us ohjHknz dk :i fdlfy, /kj.k fd;k\cqn~f/jke us jktk osQ loky dk lgh&lgh mRrj nsus osQ mn~ns'; ls ohjHknz dk :i /kj.k fd;kA

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- cqn~f/jke us jktk osQ loky dk D;k mRrj fn;k\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

cqn~f/jke us jktk osQ loky dk lgh&lgh mRrj fn;kA mlosQ mRrj osQ vuqlkj lcls ehBh ph”k ehBh ckr gksrh gS] D;ksafd

fgUnh jhMj&4

ehBh ckr lqudj O;fDr dk eu izlUu gks tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr lcls dM+oh ph”k dM+oh ckr gksrh gS ftls dksbZ viuk Hkh lqus rks 'k=kq cu tk,A

2- jktk us cqn~f/jke osQ izfr viuh izlUurk oSQls trkbZ\jktk vius loky dk lgh tokc ikdj cqn~f/jke ls cgqr vf/d izlUu gqvkA mlus cqn~f/jke dh fny [kksydj iza'klk dhA fiQj viuk jRu tfM+r dherh gkj mlosQ xys esa iguk fn;k vkSj xys ls yxk fy;kA

3- lgh @ xyr okD; crkb,&(i) lgh (ii) xyr (iii) xyr (iv) lgh (v) lgh

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1 dM+ok 2- pqi cSBk Fkk 3- jRu tfM+r gkj

Hkk"kk ls(d) mfpr feyku dhft,A

jktk & jad fnu & jkrehBk & dM+ok m¡Qph & uhphloky & tokc ohjrk & dk;jrkcM+k & NksVk cyoku & cyghucqn~f/eku & ew[kZ vanj & ckgj

([k) i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,Ajktk & ujs'k Hkwi lezkVfnu & fnol okj okljcqn~f/eku& Kkuh le>nkj l;kukcyoku & rkdroj cy'kkyh 'kfDr'kkyh

(x) o.kksZa dks tksM+dj 'kCn cukb,A1- 'kwjohj 2- cqn~f/eku 3- njckj 4- cyoku 5- ixM+h 6- fgEer

(?k) fp=k ns[kdj mudh nks&nks fo'ks"krk,¡ (fo'ks"k.k) fyf[k,AehBs ehBk dM+oklisQn dPpk gjk

vPNk Lo.kZ lqanjizrkih dherh jktLFkkuh

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)(i) dey (ii) u;u (iii) dye (iv) ueu (v) udy

ikB 17 % bls txkvks (dfork)vH;kl


1- dfo us euq"; dks txkus dk vuqjks/ fdlls fd;k \lwjt lsA

2- vkneh fdlls cs[k+cj gS\vkneh lp ls cs[k+cj gSA

([k) Yk?kq mRrjh; iz'uA1- vkneh lp esa cs[kcj dc gks tkrk gS\

liuksa vFkok dYiuvksa esa Mwcus osQ ckn vkneh lp esa cs[kcj gks tkrk gSA2- fdl izdkj osQ yksx thou esa vkxs fudy tkrs gSa\

tks yksx le; ij tkxdj vFkok ltx gksdj vius dk;Z esa tqV tkrs gSa ogh thou esa vkSjksa ls vkxs fudy tkrs gSaA3- euq"; dk le; ij tkxuk D;ksa ”k:jh gS\

thou esa liQyrk ikus ;k vkxs c<+rs jgus osQ fy, euq"; dk le; ij tkxuk ”k:jh gSA

125 fgUnh jhMj&4

4- euq"; dc ?kcjkdj Hkkxrk gS\euq"; tc nsj ls ;k csoDr tkxrk gS rks og vius ls vkxs fudy x, yksxksa dks ikus osQ fy, ?kcjkdj Hkkxrk gS\

(x) fuca/kRed&iz'uA1- bl dfork ls izkIr f'k{kk dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

bl dfork ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd O;fDr dks liuksa vFkok dYiukvksa esa Mwcdj lks, iM+s jgus ls thou esa liQyrk ugha feyrhA cfYd okLrfodrk osQ /jkry ij jgdj ltxrk osQ lkFk deZ] Je rFkk iz;kl djrs jgus ij gh liQyrk feyrh gSA

2- bldk HkkokFkZ Li"V dhft,AHkkokFkZ & dfo lks, gq, O;fDr osQ csoDr tkx tkus dh fLFkfr dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgrk gS fd ?kcjkdj Hkkxuk rFkk rhoz xfr esa Hkkxuk vyx&vyx ckrsa gSaA rhoz xfr dk vFkZ rks lgh le; ij ltx gksdj vkxs c<+uk gSA vr% HkbZ lwjt bl vkneh dks txkvksA iou rqe bls fgykvks vkSj iaNh rqe blosQ dkuksa esa fpYykvks rkfd ;g le; ij tkx tk, vFkok ltx gksdj xfr idM+ ysA

3- bu 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj okD; cukb,&cs[k+cj & vutku vkneh dks cs[kcj gksdj ugha lksuk pkfg,AcsoDr & fcuk lgh le; osQ csoDr tkxuk rFkk fpYykuk vPNh ckr ugha gSAf{kiz & rs”k unh f{kiz xfr ls cg jgh gSAltx & lko/ku le; ij ltx gkss tkuk gh le>nkjh gSA

cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs)1- 'k'kkad 2- vkneh 3- iou

Hkk"kk ls(d) i;k;Zokph 'kCn fyf[k,A

lwjt & jfo Hkkuq lw;Ziou & gok lehj ok;qiaNh & [kx fogx i{khvkneh & O;fDr euq"; ekuo

([k) foykse 'kCn fyf[k,Avkneh 5 jk{kl lks;k 5 tkxkvkxs 5 ihNs ltx 5 vltxlp 5 >wB lgh 5 xyrvc] bu foykse 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,&taxy esa ,d jk{kl jgrk gSA og lqcg nsj ls tkxkAiqfyl pksj osQ ihNs iM+h gSaA vltx vkneh Bksdj [kkdj fxjrk gh gSA>wB cksyuk iki gSA lgh&xyr dh le> j[kuk ”k:jh gSA

(x) u, 'kCn cukb,&lPpk lpeqp lPpkbZxfr'khy xfreku nqxZfrxq.koku voxq.k xq.kxku/uoku fu/Zu /uk<~;

(?k) ^cs* milxZ yxkdj 'kCn cukb,&cs[kcj csoDrcs'keZ csvnccsbZeku csdkj

(Ä) bu 'kCnksa (fo'ks";ksa) osQ fy, fo'ks"k.k 'kCn fyf[k,AvPNk vkneh BaMh iou pedhyk lwjt fo'kky o`{klaqnj iaNh mQ¡pk ioZr lq[kh thou xqykch iwQy

jpukRed&ewY;kadu (FA)Lo;a djsaA

126 fgUnh jhMj&4

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mRrjekyk % fganh jhMj&4vikrams.com/downloads/keybooks/primary/hindirastriyadwani...(x) fuca/kRed&iz'u! 1- eNqvkjs dk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A eNqvkjk vius LoHkko ls