muelles springs

Muelles

MU

ELLE

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GS

MUELLESSPRINGS

Los muelles que presentaAZOL-GAS cumplen normasinternacionales de dimensionesy requerimientos.

Los muelles están fabricadospor Associated Spring, y losservicios de diseño, estudio deprototipos, pruebas de muestras,análisis de fallos, solución deproblemas, asistencia técnica ycapacidad de producción estándisponibles por medio de unúnico proveedor.

AZOL-GAS presented springs,pass the requirements anddimensions of internationalnorms.

The springs are made byAssociated Spring, and designservice, prototype work, sampletesting, failure analysis, problemsolving, technical assistance andproduction capability are allavilable through a single door.

MUELLES 1

Muelles de troquel norma ISOISO Die Springs AZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7

Pol. Ind. Júndiz · 01015 VITORIA - GASTEIZESPAÑA / SPAIN

Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381

E-MAIL: [email protected]

MU

ELLE

SSP

RIN

GS

Los muelles de troquel de Associated Spring se fabrican apartir de un hilo metálico de sección transversal desarrolladopara garantizar un equilibrio óptimo entre la capacidad decarga y su duración máxima.

Nuestro proceso de producción se realiza mediante cuidadososcontroles y con un equipo especial desarrollado por el equipode investigación del Grupo Barnes.

Todas las etapas de la fabricación se efectúan bajo un estrictocontrol de calidad, inspección y exámenes del producto paraasí garantizar una larga vida útil de cada uno de los muellesde troquel.

Detalles técnicos facilitados sobre demanda.

Muelles fabricados de acuerdo con la norma ISO 10243.

Associated Spring Die springs are manufactured using awire cross section developed to provide the optimumbalance between load carrying characteristics and cycle life.

Produced under carefully controlled processes with specialequipment developed by Barnes Group, Inc´s research anddevelopment facilities.

All of the manufacturing steps are closely monitored by rigidquality controls, inspection and testing to ensure that thelong service life engineered into every die spring is constant.

Full technical specifications available on request fromAzol-Gas, S.A.

Springs manufactured in accordance with ISO 10243.

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Verde · Carga LigeraGreen · Light Duty

Azul · Carga MediaBlue · Medium Duty

Rojo · Carga FuerteRed · Heavy Duty

Amarillo · Carga Extra FuerteYellow · Extra Heavy Duty

MUELLES 2

Características y VentajasFeatures & BenefitsAZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7


Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


SOBRESALIENTES MATERIALES Y SECCION DE VARILLACARACTERISTICAS· Todos los muelles están fabricados en acero de aleación de cromode alta fuerza tensora.· Sección de varilla de comportamiento óptimo.· Extremos de muelles aplanados.· Disponibilidad de otros materiales para condiciones y ambientesespeciales.VENTAJAS· Resistencia inherente para soportar cargas pesadas.· Sobresaliente comportamiento en aplicaciones de gran esfuerzo.· Resistencia a temperaturas de hasta 230ºC.· Disponibilidad inmediata.· Metalurgia cuidadosamente controlada.· Máxima posibilidad de diseño.· La sección de varilla proporciona una deflexión óptima frentea fallo debido a incremento brusco de la carga.· Extremos planos para facilitar una superficie de soporte de cargamáxima y segura.· Materiales especiales disponibles para cubrir necesidades de losclientes.

ROBUSTEZ DIMENSIONALCARACTERISTICAS· Las características dimensionales permanecen constantes e igualesde un lote de muelles a otro.VENTAJAS· Asegura un comportamiento uniforme del muelle.· Consolida ratios de medida consistentes.· Mayor exactitud de carga a una longitud de muelle determinada.· Garantiza que Da pueda trabajar libre en el orificio y Di sobre elvástago especificado.· Cumplimiento de los más exigentes niveles de produción y calidad.· Muelles integros y fiables.

MAYOR DURACIONCARACTERISTICAS· Diseñado para aguantar con toda seguridad cargas bruscas.· Concebido para resistir continuas deflexiones en alta cadencias.· Granallado para prolongar la vida útil del muelle.· Menor período de paralización del trabajo.VENTAJAS· Funcionamiento fiable y seguro.· Aumento de la vida útil del muelle en un 30%.· Reducción de fallo o rotura del muelle.· Comportamiento uniforme durante una mayor duración del muelle.· Mayor rentabilidad.· Márgenes adicionales de funcionamiento.DEFLEXION SUPERIORCARACTERISTICAS· Mayor carrera disponible a bloque.· Mayor carrera en cada muelle.VENTAJAS· Mejores capacidades de carga.· Mejores prestaciones bajo condiciones límite.· Máxima versatilidad de aplicaciones.· Completa fiabilidad y seguridad.· Menor longitud a bloque.

SUPERIOR MATERIALS & WIRE PROFILEFEATURES· All die springs are made from chromium alloys.· Optimal wire cross section features a rectangular shape withrounded corners.· Spring ends are ground square.· Other raw materials are available for special conditions andenvironments.BENEFITS· Inherent toughness to withstand heavy load demands.· Superior performance in high stress applications.· Heat resistance up to 230ºC.· Readily available, cost efficient raw material.· Consistent controlled metallurgy.· Offers maximum design possibilities.· Wire cross section provides optimum deflection and protectionagainst failure due to excessive stress build-up.· Square ends create a reliable, flat, maximum load-bearing surface.· Specialty materials available to meet customer requirements.

DIMENSIONAL CONSISTENCYFEATURES· Dimensional requirements remain consistent and measurably thesame from one beatch of spring to the next.BENEFITS· More uniform spring performance.· More consistent rate recordings.· Greater load accuracy at a given test height.· Certainty that OD will work freely in prescribed hole and ID willwork freely over prescribed rod.· Assurance of the highest production and quality standards.· Reliable performance engineered.

LONGER SPRING LIFEFEATURES· Engineered to better withstand shock loading.· Designed to endure constant high-speed deflections.· Shot-peened to increase fatigue life.· Less downtime.BENEFITS· Reliable, trouble-free performance.· Increased fatigue life by as much as 30 %.· Reduced spring breakage.· Uniform performance over a longer lifetime.· More cost effective.· Extra performance margins.

EXCELLENT DEFLECTIONFEATURES· Mayor carrera disponible a bloque.· More travel in each spring.BENEFITS· Higher load capacities.· Increased fatigue life.· Greater application flexibility.· Better, more reliable performance.· Lower solid height.

MUELLES 3

Seleccionar un muelle de troquelSelecting Die Springs AZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7


Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


25%

Carga Ligera Long. Comprimida(mm)

Light Duty Compressed LengthLongitud

libre(mm)Free

length

Deflexión en % long. libreDeflection in % free length

30% 35% 20%

Carga Media Long. Comprimida(mm)

Medium Duty Compressed LengthDeflexión en % long. libreDeflection in % free length

25% 30% 15%

Carga Pesada Long. Comprimida(mm)

Heavy Duty Compressed LengthDeflexión en % long. libreDeflection in % free length

20% 25% 15%

Carga Extra Pesad Long. Comprimida(mm)

Extra Heavy Duty Compressed LengthDeflexión en % long. libreDeflection in % free length

17% 20%2532384451647689102115127139152178203254305

18.824.028.533.038.348.057.066.876.586.395.3104.3114.0133.5152.3190.5228.8

17.522.426.630.835.744.853.262.371.480.588.997.3106.4124.6142.1177.8213.5

16.320.824.728.633.241.649.457.966.374.882.690.498.8115.7132.0165.1198.3

20.025.630.435.240.851.260.871.281.692.0101.6111.2121.6142.4162.4203.2244.0

18.824.028.533.038.348.057.066.876.586.395.3104.3114.0133.5152.3190.5228.8

17.522.426.630.835.744.853.262.371.480.588.997.3106.4124.6142.1177.8213.5

21.327.232.337.443.454.464.675.786.797.8108.0118.2129.2151.3172.6215.9259.3

20.025.630.435.240.851.260.871.281.692.0101.6111.2121.6142.4162.4203.2244.0

18.824.028.533.038.348.057.066.876.586.395.3104.3114.0133.5152.3190.5228.8

21.327.232.337.443.454.464.675.786.797.8108.0118.2129.2151.3172.6215.9259.3

20.826.631.536.542.353.163.173.984.795.5105.4115.4126.2147.7168.5210.8253.2

20.025.630.435.240.851.260.871.281.692.0101.6111.2121.6142.4162.4203.2244.0

TABLA DE CONVERSION / DEFLECTION TO COMPRESSED LENGTH CONVERSION TABLE

Una regla general que hay que tener en cuenta a la hora de elegirun muelle es la de utilizar siempre tantos muelles como vaya aalbergar el troquel que producirá la carga requerída con la menorcantidad de deflexión. Esto aumentará la vida útil del muelle,reducirá las posibilidades de fallo del muelle y el tiempo perdidoque resulta de esto, así como las pérdidas productivas y los costeselevados de mantenimiento.

El muelle de troquel supone un porcentaje muy pequeño del costedel troquel. Ahorrar algo de dinero en los muelles resulta unaelección equivocada que puede traer a largo plazo importantescostes en tiempo perdido y mano de obra.

Cuanto más rápido trabaja un muelle, más atención hay que prestara sus límites de fatiga. En ciclos lentos, es posible obtener buenosresultados con los muelles trabajando cerca de la deflexión máxima.A medida que aumenta la velocidad, la vida útil del muelle disminuye.

Se pueden seleccionar los muelles para desmoldadoras, prensas yotros componentes de troquel de las páginas siguientes. Cuando seselecciona un muelle de troquel hay que determinar el tipo deresultados requeridos de los muelles: recorrido corto, normal o largo.Para aplicaciones de recorrridos cortos o normales, se deben utilizarlas deflexiones señaladas en la columna de larga vida. Paraaplicaciones de recorrido largo, se deben utilizar las de la columnade vida óptima. Las deflexiones recomendadas para cada muellebasadas en los resultados requeridos se encuentran en las páginas"MUELLES 4" a "MUELLES 11".

Otro punto que se debe tener en cuenta a la hora de seleccionar unmuelle es el de considerar el número de ciclos que el troquel requiereque realice el muelle. Hay que seleccionar los muelles en función dela labor que vayan a desempeñar para que funcionen de acuerdo conla carrera requerida. Hay que calcular el número de muelles necesariosdividiendo la carga total suministrada por un muelle entre la cargatotal requerida. Redondear el número resultante de muelles hacia elmayor para obtener los resultados requeridos.

A general rule to observe in spring selection is to always use as manysprings as the die will accommodate which will produce the requiredload with the least amount of deflection. This will increase the usefullife of the spring, reduce the chances of spring failure and the resultingdowntime, loss of production and increased maintenance cost.

Die spring costs are a very small percentage of the total cost of the die.An effort to save a few cents on die springs is a misguided act that cancost many dollars in lost time and labor.

The more rapidly a spring works, the more attention must be paid to itsfatigue limits. In slow moving dies or fixtures, it is possible to get goodperformance with springs operating near maximum deflection. As theworking speed increases, the life expectancy of the spring at thatdeflection decreases.

Springs for strippers, pressure pads, and other die components can beselected from the following pages. When selecting a die spring it isnecessary to determine the type of performance required of the spring:short, normal or long run. For short or normal run applications use thedeflections tabulated in the long life columns. For long run applicationsuse deflections based on optimum life. The recommended deflectionsfor each spring based on the performance required are shown onpages "MUELLES 4" to "MUELLES 11".

Another approach when selecting a spring is to work back from theamount of operating travel the springs will be subjected to as indicatedby the die layout. Select springs in the appropriate duty range whichwill operate efficiently at the required travel. Calculate the number ofsprings needed by dividing the load supplied by one spring into thetotal load required. Round the total number of springs to the nexthigher even number for balanced performance.

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MUELLES 4

Muelles para troquelDie springsAZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7


Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


Carga Ligera - VerdeLight Duty - Green

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)

Para vida óptima(25% long. libre)For optimum life

(25% of free length)

Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection

TABLA DE CARGA DE DEFLEXION / LOAD DEFLECTION TABLE

Deflexión(mm)Deflection (mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)


(30% of free length)Deflexión(mm)Deflection (mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)

Deflexión máximaMaximum deflection


R203-104R203-105R203-106R203-107R203-108R203-110R203-112R203-148R203-204R203-205R203-206R203-207R203-208R203-210R203-212R203-214R203-248R203-304R203-305R203-306R203-307R203-308R203-310R203-312R203-314R203-316R203-348R203-404R203-405R203-406R203-407R203-408R203-410R203-412R203-414R203-416R203-418R203-420R203-422R203-424R203-448R203-504R203-505R203-506R203-507R203-508R203-510R203-512R203-514R203-516R203-518R203-520R203-522R203-524R203-528R203-532R203-548

62.568.064.666.063.868.860.883.9111.9131.2129.2133.1145.4148.8134.9120.2106.8146.3183.2183.4188.1200.2171.2190.0191.4198.9190.6348.8360.0316.4330.0312.4320.0304.0311.5306.0313.4301.6291.9285.0305.0625.0642.4589.0581.9561.0563.2532.0534.0538.1537.6530.2531.7532.0556.3527.8533.8

253238445164763052532384451647689305253238445164768910230525323844516476891021151271391523052532384451647689102115127139152178203305

10.08.56.86.05.04.33.21.117.916.413.612.111.49.37.15.41.423.422.919.317.115.710.710.08.67.82.555.845.033.330.024.520.016.014.012.010.99.58.47.54.0

100.080.362.052.944.035.228.024.021.118.716.715.314.012.510.47.0

6.38.09.511.012.816.019.076.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.376.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.576.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.076.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.876.3

75.081.677.579.276.582.673.0100.7134.3157.4155.0159.7174.4178.6161.9144.2128.1175.5219.8220.0225.7240.2205.4228.0229.6238.7228.8418.5432.0379.6396.0374.9384.0364.8373.8367.2376.1362.0350.3342.0366.0750.0770.9706.8698.3673.2675.8638.4640.8645.7645.2636.3638.0638.4667.5633.4640.5

7.59.611.413.215.319.222.891.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.791.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.691.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.691.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.991.5

87.595.290.492.489.396.385.1117.4156.6183.7180.9186.3203.5208.3188.9168.2149.5204.8256.5256.7263.3280.2239.7266.0267.9278.5266.9488.3504.0442.9462.0437.3448.0425.6436.1428.4438.7422.3408.7399.0427.0875.0899.4824.6814.7785.4788.5744.8747.6753.3752.7742.3744.3744.8778.8738.9747.3

8.811.213.315.417.922.426.6106.88.811.213.315.417.922.426.631.2106.88.811.213.315.417.922.426.631.235.7106.88.811.213.315.417.922.426.631.235.740.344.548.753.2106.88.811.213.315.417.922.426.631.235.740.344.548.753.262.371.1106.8

103.0111.4106.1108.0104.5111.899.8137.5184.4214.8212.2217.8238.3244.6221.5197.1175.0241.0300.0301.1307.8328.1281.4312.0313.9326.0312.5569.2562.5499.5540.0490.0500.0480.0490.0492.0501.4484.5470.4457.5488.01020.01003.8930.0952.2880.0880.0840.0840.0865.1860.2851.7856.8854.0887.5842.4854.0

10.313.115.618.020.926.031.2125.010.313.115.618.020.926.031.236.5125.010.313.115.618.020.926.031.236.541.8125.010.212.515.018.020.025.030.035.041.046.051.056.061.0122.010.212.515.018.020.025.030.035.041.046.051.056.061.071.081.0122.0

510

6.312.5

816

1020

12.525

MUELLES 5

Muelles para troquelDie Springs AZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7


Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


MU

ELLE

SSP

RIN

GS

Carga Ligera - VerdeLight Duty - Green

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



R203-606R203-607R203-608R203-610R203-612R203-614R203-616R203-618R203-620R203-622R203-624R203-628R203-632R203-640R203-648R203-708R203-710R203-712R203-714R203-716R203-718R203-720R203-722R203-724R203-728R203-732R203-740R203-748R203-810R203-812R203-814R203-816R203-818R203-820R203-822R203-824R203-828R203-832R203-840R203-848R203-912R203-914R203-916R203-918R203-920R203-924R203-928R203-932R203-940R203-948

893.0874.5854.3848.0836.0827.7816.0833.8793.8799.3817.0809.9801.9793.8785.41173.01168.01197.01134.81096.51138.51174.81112.01064.01121.41152.01079.51128.52496.02375.02425.32397.02328.82254.32310.92280.02314.02233.02222.52173.13591.03515.53340.53335.03270.33203.43181.83131.32984.52912.8

384451647689102115127139152178203254305516476891021151271391521782032543056476891021151271391521782032543057689102115127152178203254305

94.079.567.053.044.037.232.029.025.023.021.518.215.812.510.392.073.063.051.043.039.637.032.028.025.222.717.014.8156.0125.0109.094.081.071.066.560.052.044.035.028.5189.0158.0131.0116.0103.084.371.561.747.038.2

9.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.312.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.316.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.319.022.325.528.831.838.044.550.863.576.3

1071.61049.41025.11017.61003.2993.2979.21000.5952.5959.1980.4971.9962.2952.5942.51407.61401.61436.41361.71315.81366.21409.71334.41276.81345.71382.41295.41354.22995.22850.02910.32876.42794.52705.12773.12736.02776.82679.62667.02607.84309.24218.64008.64002.03924.33844.13818.13757.53581.43495.3

11.413.215.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.976.291.515.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.976.291.519.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.976.291.522.826.730.634.538.145.653.460.976.291.5

1250.21224.31196.01187.21170.41158.81142.41167.31111.31119.01143.81133.91122.61111.31099.51642.21635.21675.81588.71535.11593.91644.71556.81489.61570.01612.81511.31579.93494.43325.03395.43355.83260.33156.03235.23192.03239.63126.23111.53042.45027.44921.74676.74669.04578.44484.84454.54383.84178.34077.9

1410.01431.01340.01325.01320.01302.01312.01334.01275.01288.01311.51292.21279.81275.01256.61840.01825.01890.01785.01763.01821.61887.01792.01708.01789.21838.71734.01805.63900.03750.03815.03854.03726.03621.03724.03660.03692.03564.03570.03477.05670.05530.05371.05336.05253.05142.35076.54997.74794.04660.4

15.618.020.025.030.035.041.046.051.056.061.071.081.0102.0122.020.025.030.035.041.046.051.056.061.071.081.0102.0122.025.030.035.041.046.051.056.061.071.081.0102.0122.030.035.041.046.051.061.071.081.0102.0122.0

1632

2040

2550

3863

13.315.417.922.426.631.235.740.344.548.753.262.371.188.9106.817.922.426.631.235.740.344.548.753.262.371.188.9106.822.426.631.235.740.344.548.753.262.371.188.9106.826.631.235.740.344.553.262.371.188.9106.8

MUELLES 6



Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


Carga Media - AzulMedium Duty - Blue

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)




80.083.290.490.690.896.080.697.6150.0158.7162.6162.8158.1154.9155.0149.5128.1247.0237.4257.6264.0269.3262.4270.6270.6275.4292.8490.0464.6425.6418.0425.3413.4381.5391.6403.9416.3421.6419.8401.3372.1735.0755.2706.8711.0699.7678.4656.6680.0673.2644.0657.9645.0632.3633.7641.5622.2

253238445164763052532384451647689305253238445164768910230525323844516476891021151271391523052532384451647689102115127139152178203305

16.013.011.910.38.97.55.31.630.024.821.418.515.512.110.28.42.149.437.133.930.026.420.517.815.213.54.898.072.656.047.541.732.325.122.019.818.116.615.113.26.1

147.0118.093.080.868.653.043.238.233.028.025.923.220.817.815.810.2

5.06.47.68.810.212.815.261.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.861.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.461.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.461.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.661.0

100.0104.0113.1113.3113.5120.0100.7122.0187.5198.4203.3203.5197.6193.6193.8186.9160.1308.8296.8322.1330.0336.6328.0338.2338.2344.3366.0612.5580.8532.0522.5531.7516.8476.9489.5504.9520.4527.1524.7501.6465.1918.8944.0883.5888.8874.7848.0820.8850.0841.5805.0822.3806.2790.4792.1801.9777.8

6.38.09.511.012.816.019.076.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.376.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.576.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.076.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.876.3

120.0124.8135.7136.0136.2144.0120.8146.4225.0238.1244.0244.2237.2232.3232.6224.3192.2370.5356.2386.5396.0403.9393.6405.8405.8413.1439.2735.0697.0638.4627.0638.0620.2572.3587.4605.9624.5632.5629.7601.9558.21102.51132.81060.21066.61049.61017.6985.01019.91009.8966.0986.8967.4948.5950.5962.2933.3

7.59.611.413.215.319.222.891.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.791.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.691.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.691.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.991.5

152.0158.6171.4172.0172.7182.3153.2185.6285.0302.6308.2309.0300.7294.0294.8283.9243.6469.3452.6488.2501.0512.2498.2514.4513.8523.8556.8921.2871.2784.0783.8792.3775.2702.8726.0752.4778.3796.8785.2752.4695.41381.81416.01302.01333.21303.41272.01209.61260.61254.01204.01243.21206.41185.61192.61200.81162.8

9.512.214.416.719.424.328.9116.09.512.214.416.719.424.328.933.8116.09.512.214.416.719.424.328.933.838.8116.09.412.014.016.519.024.028.033.038.043.048.052.057.0114.09.412.014.016.519.024.028.033.038.043.048.052.057.067.076.0114.0

510

6.312.5

816

1020

12.525

MUELLES 7



Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


MU

ELLE

SSP

RIN

GS

Carga Media - AzulMedium Duty - Blue

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



R204-606R204-607R204-608R204-610R204-612R204-614R204-616R204-618R204-620R204-622R204-624R204-628R204-632R204-640R204-648R204-708R204-710R204-712R204-714R204-716R204-718R204-720R204-722R204-724R204-728R204-732R204-740R204-748R204-810R204-812R204-814R204-816R204-818R204-820R204-822R204-824R204-828R204-832R204-836R204-840R204-848R204-912R204-914R204-916R204-918R204-920R204-924R204-928R204-932R204-936R204-940R204-948

1406.01390.41366.81267.21223.61230.01199.51184.51137.91175.91149.11157.01173.31087.11116.31852.31792.01641.61614.51652.41651.41592.61598.51568.61570.01490.01529.11500.62675.22553.62492.02427.62438.02463.82418.62432.02474.22427.92331.22230.12354.64742.44628.04508.44301.04267.24134.44058.44060.04085.43982.73946.7

384451647689102115127139152178203254305516476891021151271391521782032543056476891021151271391521782032292543057689102115127152178203229254305

185.0158.0134.099.080.569.158.851.544.842.337.832.528.921.418.3181.6140.0108.090.781.071.862.757.551.644.136.730.124.6209.0168.0140.0119.0106.097.087.080.069.559.850.943.938.6312.0260.0221.0187.0168.0136.0114.0100.089.278.464.7

7.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.650.861.010.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.650.861.012.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.645.850.861.015.217.820.423.025.430.435.640.645.850.861.0

1757.51738.01708.51584.01529.51537.51499.41480.61422.41469.91436.41446.31466.71358.91395.42315.42240.02052.02018.12065.52064.31990.71998.11960.81962.51862.51911.41875.83344.03192.03115.03034.53047.53079.83023.33040.03092.83034.92914.02787.72943.35928.05785.05635.55376.35334.05168.05073.05075.05106.74978.44933.4

9.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.312.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.316.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.857.363.576.319.022.325.528.831.838.044.550.857.363.576.3

2109.02085.62050.01900.81835.41845.01799.31776.81706.91763.91723.71735.51760.01630.71674.52778.52688.02462.42421.72478.62477.12388.92397.82353.02354.92235.02293.62250.94012.83830.43738.03641.43657.03695.73627.93648.03711.33641.83496.83345.23531.97113.66942.06762.66451.56400.86201.66087.66090.06128.05974.15920.1

11.413.215.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.976.291.515.319.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.976.291.519.222.826.730.634.538.141.745.653.460.968.776.291.522.826.730.634.538.145.653.460.968.776.291.5

2590.02607.02546.02376.02254.02280.32234.42214.52150.42199.62154.62177.52196.42033.02086.23450.43360.03024.02993.13078.03087.43009.62990.02941.22954.72789.22859.52804.45016.04704.04620.04522.04558.04656.04524.04560.04656.54544.84377.44170.54400.48736.08580.08398.08041.08064.07752.07638.07600.07671.27448.07375.8

14.016.519.024.028.033.038.043.048.052.057.067.076.095.0114.019.024.028.033.038.043.048.052.057.067.076.095.0114.024.028.033.038.043.048.052.057.067.076.086.095.0114.028.033.038.043.048.057.067.076.086.095.0114.0

1632

2040

2550

3863

MUELLES 8



Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


Carga Fuerte - RojoHeavy Duty - Red

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)




82.984.097.599.097.9102.785.596.1157.9159.4167.0162.4149.9144.0150.5152.2128.1283.9253.4276.5282.5283.8290.9293.0289.7295.3324.8810.0806.4735.3739.2719.1692.2680.6674.2676.3662.4649.6646.4643.0686.31406.31425.61248.31234.21193.41180.81128.61121.41116.91121.31099.21098.81089.81094.71090.11047.7

253238445164763052532384451647689305253238445164768910230525323844516476891021151271391523052532384451647689102115127139152178203305

22.117.517.115.012.810.77.52.142.133.229.324.619.615.013.211.42.875.752.848.542.837.130.325.721.719.37.1

216.0168.0129.0112.094.072.159.750.544.238.434.131.028.215.0375.0297.0219.0187.0156.0123.099.084.073.065.057.752.747.841.035.822.9

3.84.85.76.67.79.611.445.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.445.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.415.345.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.415.317.319.120.922.845.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.415.317.319.120.922.826.730.545.8

110.5112.0130.0132.0130.6137.0114.0128.1210.5212.5222.7216.5199.9192.0200.6202.9170.8378.5337.9368.6376.6378.4387.8390.6386.3393.7433.11080.01075.2980.4985.6958.8922.9907.4898.9901.7883.2866.1861.8857.3915.01875.01900.81664.41645.61591.21574.41504.81495.21489.21495.01465.61465.11453.11459.61453.51396.9

5.06.47.68.810.212.815.261.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.861.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.461.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.461.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.661.0

138.1140.0162.5165.0163.2171.2142.5160.1263.1265.6278.4270.6249.9240.0250.8253.7213.5473.1422.4460.8470.8473.0484.8488.3482.8492.2541.41350.01344.01225.51232.01198.51153.61134.31123.61127.11104.01082.71077.31071.61143.82343.82376.02080.52057.01989.01968.01881.01869.01861.51868.81832.01831.31816.41824.51816.91746.1

6.38.09.511.012.816.019.076.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.376.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.576.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.076.36.38.09.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.876.3

165.8168.0194.9198.0195.8205.4171.0192.2315.8318.7334.0324.7299.9288.0301.0304.4256.2567.8506.9552.9565.0567.6581.8586.0579.4590.6649.71620.01612.81419.01456.01410.01369.91373.11363.51370.21344.01295.81302.01297.21365.02812.52851.22409.02431.02340.02337.02277.02268.02263.02275.02192.62213.42198.82173.02183.82083.9

7.59.611.413.215.319.222.891.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.791.57.59.611.413.215.319.222.826.730.691.57.59.611.013.015.019.023.027.031.035.038.042.046.091.07.59.611.013.015.019.023.027.031.035.038.042.046.053.061.091.0

510

6.312.5

816

1020

12.525

MUELLES 9



Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


MU

ELLE

SSP

RIN

GS

Carga Fuerte - RojoHeavy Duty - Red

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



R205-606R205-607R205-608R205-610R205-612R205-614R205-616R205-618R205-620R205-622R205-624R205-628R205-632R205-640R205-548R205-708R205-710R205-712R205-714R205-716R205-718R205-720R205-722R205-724R205-728R205-732R205-740R205-748R205-810R205-812R205-814R205-816R205-818R205-820R205-822R205-824R205-828R205-832R205-840R205-848

2211.62138.42080.82035.21960.81882.41866.61845.81771.71793.11778.41794.21799.61767.81738.52677.52582.42496.62536.52493.92449.52438.42397.82394.02376.32344.72324.12333.33964.83864.63844.83748.53708.83657.63502.83511.23577.83562.73390.93339.8

38445164768910211512713915217820325430551647689102115127139152178203254305647689102115127139152178203254305

388.0324.0272.0212.0172.0141.0122.0107.093.086.078.067.259.146.438.0350.0269.0219.0190.0163.0142.0128.0115.0105.089.077.061.051.0413.0339.0288.0245.0215.0192.0168.0154.0134.0117.089.073.0

5.76.67.79.611.413.415.317.319.120.922.826.730.538.145.87.79.611.413.415.317.319.120.922.826.730.538.145.89.611.413.415.317.319.120.922.826.730.538.145.8

2948.82851.22774.42713.62614.42509.82488.82461.02362.22390.82371.22392.32399.52357.12318.03570.03443.23328.83382.03325.23266.03251.23197.03192.03168.43126.23098.83111.05286.45152.85126.44998.04945.04876.84670.44681.64770.44750.24521.24453.0

7.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.650.861.010.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.650.861.012.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.435.640.650.861.0

3686.03564.03468.03392.03268.03137.33111.03076.32952.82988.52964.02990.42999.32946.42897.54462.54304.04161.04227.54156.54082.54064.03996.33990.03960.53907.83873.53888.86608.06441.06408.06247.56181.36096.05838.05852.05963.05937.85651.55566.3

9.511.012.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.312.816.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.316.019.022.325.528.831.834.838.044.550.863.576.3

4268.04212.04080.04028.03956.03807.03782.03745.03534.03612.03588.03561.63605.13526.43458.05250.05111.05037.05130.05053.04970.04864.04830.04830.04717.04697.04636.04641.07847.07797.07776.07595.07525.07296.07056.07084.07102.07137.06764.06643.0

11.013.015.019.023.027.031.035.038.042.046.053.061.076.091.015.019.023.027.031.035.038.042.046.053.061.076.091.019.023.027.031.035.038.042.046.053.061.076.091.0

1632

2040

2550

MUELLES 10



Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


Carga Extra Fuerte - AmarilloExtra Heavy Duty - Yellow

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



R206-104R206-105R206-106R206-107R206-108R206-110R206-112R206-148R206-204R206-205R206-206R206-207R206-208R206-210R206-212R206-214R206-248R206-304R206-305R206-306R206-307R206-308R206-310R206-312R206-314R206-316R206-348R206-404R206-405R206-406R206-407R206-408R206-410R206-412R206-414R206-416R206-418R206-420R206-422R206-424R206-448R206-505R206-506R206-507R206-508R206-510R206-512R206-514R206-516R206-518R206-520R206-524R206-528R206-532R206-548

138.0133.9135.1126.7126.2126.7124.3119.0219.4210.7205.2200.0200.4203.5194.9193.6196.7442.5427.2411.0401.9400.1395.5388.7393.8391.7384.31098.81075.21008.9983.4979.2950.4931.4927.8927.2914.3904.9896.6889.2969.91797.11972.21610.41587.41545.61491.11475.21473.41478.31453.51447.81439.11431.21413.7

2532384451647630525323844516476893052532384451647689102305253238445164768910211512713915230532384451647689102115127152178203305

36.827.923.719.216.513.210.92.658.543.936.030.326.221.217.114.54.3

118.089.072.160.952.341.234.129.525.68.4

293.0224.0177.0149.0128.099.081.769.560.653.047.543.039.021.2374.4346.0244.0207.5161.0130.8110.596.385.776.363.553.947.030.9

3.84.85.76.67.79.611.445.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.445.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.415.345.83.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.415.317.319.120.922.845.84.85.76.67.79.611.413.415.317.319.122.826.730.545.8

156.4151.8153.1143.6143.1143.6140.8134.8248.6238.8232.6226.6227.2230.7220.9219.4223.0501.5484.2465.8455.5453.4448.3440.6446.3443.9435.51245.31218.61143.41114.51109.81077.11055.61051.51050.81036.21025.51016.11007.81099.22036.72235.21825.11799.01751.71689.91671.91669.81675.41647.31640.81631.01622.01602.2

4.35.46.57.58.710.912.951.94.35.46.57.58.710.912.915.151.94.35.46.57.58.710.912.915.117.351.94.35.46.57.58.710.912.915.117.319.621.623.625.851.95.46.57.58.710.912.915.117.319.621.625.830.334.551.9

184.0178.6180.1169.0168.3169.0165.7158.6292.5281.0273.6266.6267.2271.4259.9258.1262.3590.0569.6548.0535.9533.5527.4518.3525.1522.2512.41465.01433.61345.21311.21305.61267.21241.81237.11236.21219.01206.51195.41185.61293.22396.22629.62147.22116.52060.81988.21966.91964.51971.11938.01930.41918.81908.21884.9

5.06.47.68.810.212.815.261.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.861.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.461.05.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.427.830.461.06.47.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.430.435.640.661.0

228.2223.2225.2211.2214.5211.2207.1197.6362.7351.2342.0333.3340.6339.2324.9319.0326.8731.6712.0685.0669.9679.9659.2647.9649.0665.6638.41816.61792.01681.51639.01664.01584.01552.31529.01575.61537.01520.01505.01482.01611.22995.23287.02684.02697.52576.02485.22431.02503.82485.32441.62413.02371.62397.02348.4

6.28.09.511.013.016.019.076.06.28.09.511.013.016.019.022.076.06.28.09.511.013.016.019.022.026.076.06.28.09.511.013.016.019.022.026.029.032.035.038.076.08.09.511.013.016.019.022.026.029.032.038.044.051.076.0

510

6.312.5

816

1020

12.525

MUELLES 11



Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


MU

ELLE

SSP

RIN

GS

Carga Extra Fuerte - AmarilloExtra Heavy Duty - Yellow

Di

Da

Carga a Deflexión

Lo

Do(mm)

Carga (N)Load (N)



Di(mm)

Lo(mm)

ReferenciaReference

Carga a1mm

deflexión(N)

Load at1mm

deflection



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



Carga (N)Load (N)



R206-606R206-607R206-608R206-610R206-612R206-614R206-616R206-618R206-620R206-624R206-628R206-632R206-640R206-648R206-708R206-710R206-712R206-714R206-716R206-718R206-720R206-724R206-732R206-740R206-748R206-810R206-812R206-814R206-816R206-818R206-820R206-824R206-832R206-840R206-848

3010.72801.02700.52584.32490.92407.02371.52415.02362.22325.62354.92314.22316.52241.84804.24675.24320.64285.44299.34226.34210.13830.44019.44076.74016.96806.46520.86341.36196.56072.06019.85449.25694.25829.35810.3

38445164768910211512715217820325430551647689102115127152203254305647689102115127152203254305

528.2424.4353.0269.2218.5180.3155.0140.0124.0102.088.276.060.849.0628.0487.0379.0321.0281.0245.0221.0168.0132.0107.087.8709.0572.0475.0405.0352.0316.0239.0187.0153.0127.0

5.76.67.79.611.413.415.317.319.122.826.730.538.145.87.79.611.413.415.317.319.122.830.538.145.89.611.413.415.317.319.122.830.538.145.8

3412.23174.53060.52928.92823.02727.92687.72737.02677.22635.72668.92622.82625.32540.75444.85298.64896.74856.74872.54789.84771.44341.14555.34620.34552.47713.97390.27186.87022.76881.66822.46175.86453.46606.56585.0

6.57.58.710.912.915.117.319.621.625.830.334.543.251.98.710.912.915.117.319.621.625.834.543.251.910.912.915.117.319.621.625.834.543.251.9

4014.33734.73600.63445.83321.23209.33162.03220.03149.63100.83139.93085.63088.62989.06405.66233.65760.85713.85732.45635.05613.45107.25359.25435.65355.89075.28694.48455.08262.08096.08026.47265.67592.27772.47747.0

7.68.810.212.815.217.820.423.025.430.435.640.650.861.010.212.815.217.820.423.025.430.440.650.861.012.815.217.820.423.025.430.440.650.861.0

5017.94668.44589.04307.24151.53966.64030.04060.03968.03876.03880.83876.03891.23724.08164.07792.07201.07062.07306.07105.07072.06384.06732.06848.06672.811344.010868.010450.010530.010208.010112.09082.09537.09792.09652.0

9.511.013.016.019.022.026.029.032.038.044.051.064.076.013.016.019.022.026.029.032.038.051.064.076.016.019.022.026.029.032.038.051.064.076.0

1632

2040

2550

MUELLES 12

Problemas y solucionesProblems and answersAZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7


Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


PROBLEMAS Y SOLUCIONESLa mayoría de los problemas que aparecen en la utilización de losmuelles de troquel vienen provocados por la mala aplicación de losmismos.

FALLOS DE LOS MUELLESLos muelles de troquel se producen bajo un control tan cuidadosoque los problemas de fabricación han prácticamente desaparecido.Los fallos de los muelles de troquel se deben bien a una malafabricación, bien a una aplicación incorrecta de los mismos. Lacausa del problema reside en la utilización del muelle al límite de suelasticidad. La solución, claro está, consiste en la selecciónconcienzuda de los muelles de troquel adecuados para cadaaplicación.

GUIA DEL MUELLELos muelles de troquel se fabrican con los extremos de seccióntransversal cuadrada, por lo que se sujetan sobre su propia base yse comprimen aún por de bajo de su carga. Existe una relaciónpositiva entre el diámetro exterior del muelle y la longitud total, quees la que determina si el muelle corre el riesgo de deformarse o nocon una carga inferior. Como norma general, si la longitud libre escuatro veces mayor que el diámetro medio del muelle, podríaproducirse la deformación bajo compresión. Para solucionarlo bastacon guiarlo por una cavidad o una varilla o ambas opciones. Serecomienda siempre suministrar una guía para cualquier muelle detroquel.

La figura A aporta información acerca de si un muelle específicocon extremos de sección transversal cuadrada está sujeto a posiblesdeformaciones. La curva indica que un muelle con los extremos desección transversal cuadrada que se comprime por ambos ladospuede sufrir deformaciones si los valores caen por debajo o a laderecha de la curva.

ORIFICIOS Y VARILLASLos orificios o cavidades del troquel en el que se van a insertar losmuelles han de tener el tamaño que se especifica en las páginas"MUELLES 4" a "MUELLES 11". Los muelles aumentan su tamaño amedida que se comprimen. Si el orificio es de menor tamaño, existeel riesgo de que el frotamiento haga fallar al muelle antes de loestipulado.

Los orificios también han de tener el fondo plano y las esquinascuadradas. Esto permitirá al muelle trabajar sobre una superficieplana y aportar una tensión uniforme sobre las espiras cuando elmuelle esté comprimido.

Hacer que el muelle trabaje sobre una varilla también proporcionauna buena protección contra la deformación. Hay que cuidar que lavarilla sea lisa. Si la varilla es más corta que el muelle, esta deberátener un extremo pulido a fin de evitar todo contacto entre las espirasy un borde afilado.

PROBLEMS & ANSWERSMost problems that arise in the use of die springs usually result fromimproper application... failure to take advantage of and protect thefeatures engineered into the spring.

SPRING FAILUREDie springs are produced under such careful controls thatmanufacturing problems have virtually been eliminated. Die springfailure is usually due to either poor spring desing and manufactureor incorrect application of the spring. The most commom problemsource is the use of die springs too close to, or beyond, the springs'physical limitations. The solution, of course, lies with careful selectionof die springs for each application.Other solutions to common spring problems are as follows

SPRING GUIDANCEDie springs are manufactured with ends ground and squared so thatthey stand on their own base and compress evenly under load. Thereis a positive relationship between the spring's outside diameter andtotal length which determines whether or not a spring will buckleunder load.

Generally, if the free length is more than four times the mean diameterof the spring, it could have a buckling problem under compression.This is solved by providing guidance by a pocket, a rod, or both toreduce buckling. It is always recommended to provide guidance forany die spring.

Figure A provides information as to whether a specific spring withsquared, ground ends is subject to buckling. The curve indicatesthat buckling may occur to a squared-and-ground spring, both endsof which are compressed against parallel plates, if the values fallabove and to the right of the curve.

HOLES AND RODSHoles or pockets provided in the die for springs must be the specifiedsize listed on pages "MUELLES 4" to "MUELLES 11". Springs increasein diameter as they are compressed. If the hole is undersized, awearing or binding action will produce early spring failure.

Hole also must have flat bottoms with square corners. This will allowthe spring to work on a flat surface and provide uniform stress onthe coils when the spring is compressed.

Working a spring over a rod also provides good protection againtsbuckling. Care should be taken to be sure the rod is smooth. If therod is shorter than the spring, it should have a tapered nose so thatthere is no danger of the spring coils coming in contact with a sharpedge.

Curva para encontrar condiciones críticas de pandeoCurve for finding critical buckling conditions

Ratio: Longitud libre / Diámetro medioRatio: Free length / Mean diameter

Ratio

: Def

lexi

ón /

Lon

gitu

d lib

reRa

tio: D

efle

ctio

n /

Free

leng

th

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110.050.1

0.150.2

0.250.3

0.350.4

0.450.5

0.550.6

0.650.7

0.75

FIG. A

MUELLES 13

Problemas y solucionesProblems and answers AZOL - GAS,S.A. · c/Landalucia, 7


Tfno.: 34 (9) 45 - 290010Fax: 34 (9) 45 - 290381


MU

ELLE

SSP

RIN

GS

ALINEACIONHay que cuidar que cualquier mecanismo que se utilice para contenero guiar el muelle esté bien alineado a ambos lados del troquel. Losorificios y las varillas que no correspondan pueden causar problemasque produzcan el fallo del muelle y que dañen la herramienta.

TEMPERATURAEl calor es un problema que se ignora frecuentemente en el fallo delmuelle o en la pérdida de carga. La temperatura máxima que puedesoportar el acero al cromo de aleación es de 230ºC. La figura Bmuestra el porcentaje de pérdida de carga atribuido a la combinacióndel calor y la tensión. Llama la atención el calor generado por eltroquel en marcha que puede ser muy significativo en numerosasaplicaciones. El calor que absorbe la herramienta puede sertransferido a los muelles y de esta forma producirse una pérdida decarga y el fallo prematuro del muelle.

DEFLEXIONSi se aplica una deflexión mayor a la recomendada por el fabricantese puede producir el fallo prematuro de los muelles. Compruebe lacarrera de la prensa o troquel para asegurarse de la deflexión reala la que estará sometido el muelle. Si se encuentra por debajo de unlímite de seguridad, deberían realizarse una serie de cambios sindemora.

MODIFICACION DEL MUELLECada uno de los muelles de troquel están diseñados para obtener unaserie de resultados dentro de áreas determinadas de trabajo. Lamodificación de la longitud del muelle o del número de espiras, elpulido del diámetro interior o exterior o la introducción de restriccionesen el movimiento de las esporas pueden causar el fallo prematuro delmuelle. Intentar modificar un muelle puliendo los extremos puedecambiar el comportamiento del material y afectar negativamente alfuncionamiento del muelle.

La modificación de un muelle tras su fabricación trae consigoproblemas y fallos. No estropee un troquel costoso por culpa de lapequeña cantidad de dinero que se ha ahorrado en una modificaciónbarata.

CORROSIONCon frecuencia, los fallos del muelle se deben a elementos corrosivos.La corrosión reduce considerablemente la vida útil del muelle. Tengacuidado con los productos que puedan modificar el muelle, tales comoel óxido, los lubricantes, detergentes, productos químicos, etc. Losmuelles limpios y protegidos proporcionan mejores resultados.

ALIGNMENTCare should be taken to make certain that whatever device is usedto contain or guide the spring is properly aligned on both sides ofthe die. Holes or rods that do not match can cause problems thatcreate spring failure and damage to the tool.

TEMPERATUREHeat is a frequently ignored factor in spring failure or load loss. Themaximum rated service temperature for our chromium alloy steel is230ºC. Figure B shows the percentage of load-loss due to heat andstress combinations. Thought should be given to the heat generatedby the working die which can be significant in many applications.Heat absorbed by the tool can be transferred to the springs resultingin a loss of load and premature spring failure.

DEFLECTIONDeflection beyond the manufacturer's recommendation can causeearly spring failure. Check the press or die travel to be sure of theactual deflection to which the spring will be subjected. If it is beyonda safe limit, changes should be made without delay.

SPRING ALTERATIONEach die spring is carefully engineered to perform within specificareas of work. Altering the spring such as reducing its length ornumber of coils, grinding the inside or outside diameter, or placingrestrictions on the movement of the coils can cause early spring failure.Trying to alter a spring by grinding down its ends can change thetemper of the material and negatively affect spring performance.

Altering springs from their manufactured state almost invariably leadsto problems and failure. Don't gamble an expensive die for the smallamount saved on a cheap alteration.

CORROSIONFrequently, spring failure can be traced to corrosive elements. Reductionof material or pitting of the spring will reduce its useful life. Be alert toconditions that may effect the spring's surface such as rust, lubricants,soaps, chemical, etc. Clean, protected springs give the best jobperformance.

120ºC

ACERO AL CARBONCARBON STEELTensión

inicialMPaInitialstress

Porcentaje aproximadode pérdida de cargaApproximate percent

loss of load177ºC 200ºC

276345414483552620689758827

2.02.02.53.03.04.04.57.09.5

3.54.04.55.56.08.09.511.513.0

4.55.05.56.58.09.010.514.017.5

120ºC

CLORO ALEADOCHROMIUM ALLOY

Porcentaje aproximadode pérdida de cargaApproximate percent

loss of load177ºC 230ºC

1.01.01.01.01.51.52.02.03.5

2.02.02.02.52.53.04.05.08.0

5.05.05.56.06.07.08.010.013.0

FIG. B

PERDIDA DE CARGA/TEMPERATURA / LOAD LOSS VS. TEMPERATURE

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